Institut für Gebäude- und Solartechnik Prof. Dr.-Ing. M. Norbert Fisch Mühlenpfordtstraße 23 D-38106 Braunschweig www.tu-braunschweig.de/igs PV2Heat: Development of a vacuum insulated high temperature solid storage combined with PV Prof. Dr.-Ing. M.N. Fisch Dipl.-Ing. Mani Zargari Institut für Gebäude- und Solartechnik Prof. Dr.-Ing. M.N. Fisch Technische Universität Braunschweig Dialogplattform Power to Heat 5. + 6. Mai 2015 Content 1. PV in the Power Market: Challenges and Solution Approach 2. Technique of a High-Temperature-Solid-Storage (HTFS) 3. System Integration of a HTFS 4. System Comparison 5. About the Research Project May 7, 2015 | Hochtemperaturspeicher| Seite 2 www.tu-braunschweig.de/igs PV in the Power Market Oversupply of PV-Power •Turn down of convential power plants (grey) for renewables •Price for power collapses at the spot market •Cut-off of renewable power plants from the grid in future May 7, 2015 | Hochtemperaturspeicher| Seite 3 www.tu-braunschweig.de/igs PV in the Power Market PV-Gain and Demand 140 Installed Power and Demand 120 Power [GW] 100 80 Other Renew. Wind 60 PV 40 20 0 Demand 2014 2018 2024 Renewable – Midterm – Prognosis of the German network operators 2014 (EEG Mittelfristprognose 2014) May 7, 2015 | Hochtemperaturspeicher| Seite 4 www.tu-braunschweig.de/igs PV in the Power Market Options for Flexibilization DMS P2H Flexible Renewables Flexibel Conventionals Power Storage BEE-Studie „Möglichkeiten zum Ausgleich fluktuierender Einspeisungen aus Erneuerbaren Energien“ 2013 im Auftrag BEE, Lichtblick und Enercon, ausgeführt von BET Büro für Energiewirtschaft und technische Planung GmbH May 7, 2015 | Hochtemperaturspeicher| Seite 5 www.tu-braunschweig.de/igs PV in the Power Market HTFS shifts PV-Power to the demand HTFS Heat Demand PV -Oversupply PV-Power Jan Feb Mrz Apr Mai Jun Jul Aug Sep Okt Nov Dez HTFS connects the power-Market and heat-Market Oversupply of PV-Power is transformed to heat and shifted to the time of demnad May 7, 2015 | Hochtemperaturspeicher| Seite 6 www.tu-braunschweig.de/igs HTFS: Technique HTFS in the Energy-Market 90°C Heat exchanger combined with vacuum super insulation Maghemite (iron ore) and heating rods 50°C to 750°C - 30°C Advantages: •High-efficient •Maintaince-free •Cycle resistant •Avoids network supply of PV-power May 7, 2015 | Hochtemperaturspeicher| Seite 7 www.tu-braunschweig.de/igs HTFS: Technique State of the Art: Night Storage Heater Core • Fe2O3 , ρ = 3900 kg/m³ / Maghamit , „Magnetit“ Heating Rods •Durability depends on the operating temperature (750°C: 10.000 h) •Operating temperature limited to 750°C Insulation • 20 mm mikroporous material (Aerogel, Pyrotherm® λ=0,03 - 0,05 W/(m*K) / 20°C – 750°C) •Outer Shell: ventilated air-layer May 7, 2015 | Hochtemperaturspeicher| Seite 8 www.tu-braunschweig.de/igs HTFS: Technique State of the Art: VSI-Hot Water Storage Storage Media • Water, oil (up to 250°C) Vacuum Insulation • Perlite, opacifer, vacuum < 0,1 mbar Parameters • Cooling rate 0,0026 K/(d*K) (conventional storage 0,0095 (K/d*K)) •Thermal transition coefficient: 1/R=0,04 W/(m²*K) Costs • 5m³ - Storage: 16.000 EUR May 7, 2015 | Hochtemperaturspeicher| Seite 9 www.tu-braunschweig.de/igs HTFS: Technique Comparison of Storage Medias c [kJ/kgK] ρ [kg/m³] s [J/cm³K] Costs [€/t] Costs [€/(J/K)] Brick 0,84 2000 1,7 150 179 Concrete 0,88 2300 2,0 52 59 Fire-Brick 1,00 2000 2,0 390 390 Ceramics 1,00 2500 2,5 200 / 1500* 200 / 1500* Water 4,18 1000 2,4 0 0 Iron Ore Fe2O3 0,92 3900 3,5 300 163 *Bulk-Material/ Stones May 7, 2015 | Hochtemperaturspeicher| Seite 10 www.tu-braunschweig.de/igs HTFS: Technique Comparison of Insulation Techniques T [°C] Λ [W/mK] Costs [€/m³] Cost [€/Storage Tank]* Pyrogel (Aspen/Stadur) 200 600 0,028 0,089 1.000 12.000 Microtherm Panele (Night Storage) 229 750 0,032 0,053 3.600 43.000 Vakuum-SuperInsulation 100 400 0,009 0,02 150 750 *Insulation Material for Heat Transfer Coeffcient of. 0,05 W/m²K, Costs only for insulation material, net price May 7, 2015 | Hochtemperaturspeicher| Seite 11 www.tu-braunschweig.de/igs System-Integration Integration in a Residential Building Simulation Studie System Parameters: •PV-Generator: 10 kWp •4 Persons •Heat Demand (Water + Heating) 60 kWh/(m²*a) •HTFS: 18t / 5m³ May 7, 2015 | Hochtemperaturspeicher| Seite 12 www.tu-braunschweig.de/igs System-Integration Integration in a Residential Building Simulation Studie HTFS mit undand ohne Speicherverlust HTFS with without Heat-Loss 800 700 •Total solar gain 600 9.400 kWh/a •Own use of solar power 1.200 kWh/a •Own use of PV-heat with the HTFS: 8.200 kWh/a HTFS_Temp. [°C] Energy Balance: 500 400 300 Mit Speicherverlust 200 Ohne Speicherverlust 100 0 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 Monat May 7, 2015 | Hochtemperaturspeicher| Seite 13 www.tu-braunschweig.de/igs System-Comparison Reference System Reference System: PV 6 kWp ST 40 m² •Residential building (research project Future:Solar) Wärmeversorgung •Solar-thermal plant 40 m² •Seasonal hot water Storage 10m³ Wechselrichter Gas/ Gasbrennwertkessel •Gas boiler (condensing) Saisonaler WW-Speicher 10m³ •PV-generator 6 m² •High solar fraction in the heat Haushaltsstrom supply Stromnetz May 7, 2015 | Hochtemperaturspeicher| Seite 14 www.tu-braunschweig.de/igs System-Comparison Solar Fraction Reference HTFS (Future Solar_Combi System) ST + LZWS + GT + PV ST: 40 m²; PV: 6 kWp; LZWS: 10m³/10t (HTFS) PV + HTFS PV: 10 kWp; HTFS: 5m³/18t Heat Demand Wärmebedarf Solarthermie Gas-Brennwertkessel Jan Feb Mrz Apr Mai Jun May 7, 2015 | Hochtemperaturspeicher| Seite 15 Jul Aug Sep Okt Nov Dez Energiemenge [kWh/Mt.] Energiemenge [kWh/Mt.] Heat Demand Wärmebedarf 1.800 1.600 1.400 1.200 1.000 800 600 400 200 0 1.800 1.600 1.400 1.200 1.000 800 600 400 200 0 HTWS (PV) Netzstrom Jan Feb Mrz Apr Mai Jun Jul Aug Sep Okt Nov Dez www.tu-braunschweig.de/igs System-Comparison Heat Production Price EFH (VAR 1_100%_Future Solar) ST + LZWS + GT + PV ST: 40 m²; PV: 6 kWp; LZWS: 10m³/10t EFH (HTfS) PV + HTFS PV: 10 kWp; HTFS: 5m³/18t Solar Fraction (Heat) Solar Fraction (Heat) 75% 90% (estimated) Investment Costs* Investment Costs 47.000 EUR 42.000 EUR Costs per Year Costs per Year 2.700 EUR/a 3.000 EUR/a Heat Production Price Heat Production Price 0,35 EUR/kWh 0,38 EUR/kWh (for 90% solar fraction) *All net prices for Heat Supply only May 7, 2015 | Hochtemperaturspeicher| Seite 16 www.tu-braunschweig.de/igs System-Comparison Heat Production Price and Solar Fraction Heat Costs and Solar Fraction 1,60 1,40 ST + vacuum super insulated seasonal hot water storage Heat Costs €/kWh 1,20 1,00 0,80 ST district heating + seasonal hot water storage 0,60 0,40 PV + HTFS 0,20 0,00 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Solar Fraction[%] Heat costs escalate with increasing solar fraction May 7, 2015 | Hochtemperaturspeicher| Seite 17 www.tu-braunschweig.de/igs Research Project Milestones Applied Research Project HTFS: Tasks 1. System analysis and -development with plant simulation 2. Design and construction of an prototype of an HTFS (with CFD/FEM) 3. Realized prototype at laboratory of the IGS at TU Braunschweig and test Operation 4. Analysis and optimization, analysis of effects of a HTFS on the grid 5. Preparing for series production May 7, 2015 | Hochtemperaturspeicher| Seite 18 www.tu-braunschweig.de/igs Research Project May 7, 2015 | Hochtemperaturspeicher| Seite 19 Project Partners www.tu-braunschweig.de/igs
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