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3/4/2014
Building Performance
in the Commercial
Building Realm
Through the Ducts
Presented by:
- Matthew D. Todd. P.E.
LEED AP CPMP BEAP
– Neal Walsh, MBA
BPC IN THE CML REALM THR0UGH THE DUCT
Today’s Agenda:
1) Introduction
2) RES vs CML
3) Approaches to the CML BPC Market
4) CML Projects
5) Stories
6) Next Steps
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1) Overview: Intro
a. Why Consider the CML Market?
i.
The Population of CML Buildings
-
Under 10,000 sq.f.t
Overall % with Packaged Equipment
What kind of systems
b. Building Performance Conference 2013
i.
Refocus on overall Market Place for BPC
c. Existing Level of Training
i.
Additional tools
•
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2) RES vs CML
a. RES – 95% Leak to the published 25 - 40% (Or More!)
b. Light CML Medium Pressure Ductwork Leaks too:
• Class Level 142
• 30% Leakage
c. Hi Pressure even has leakage….
• But not all of it does…
– Not as extensive of sampling size
– Data scatter is much broader
– 15-20%
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3) Approaches to the CML BPC Market
a. Energy Consumption
b. Air volume
c. Building Pressurization
Benefits from sealing air ducts
1. Enhanced Building
Pressurization
2. Improved Indoor Air Quality
•3. Lower Utility Bills
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IAQ Examples
IAQ Examples
"Engineers determined
that the buildings’
ventilation systems were
seeding mold throughout
the structures."
SMACNA & Duct Leakage
•
•
SMACNA specifies the method for testing air ducts and establishes
guidelines for allowable leakage levels in their HVAC Air Duct Leakage
Test Manual
They create 3 seal classes to specify which joints must be sealed
• A = ≥4 inWG – seal all joints and wall penetrations
• B = 3 inWG – seal all joints
• C = ≤2 inWG – seal all transverse joints
•
•
They recommend 6 leakage classes based on duct construction and seal
class
Each leakage class combined with the operating pressure can be used
to determine a maximum leakage expressed as a % of the duct surface
area
Confidential - Do not copy, distribute or transmit without
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SMACNA & Duct Leakage
•
•
•
Formula for calculating maximum permissable leakage:
Leakagemax = CL X P0.65 X SA
Where
•
•
•
–
Leakagemax = maximum leakage expressed in CFM at test pressure
SA = duct surface area expressed in units of 100 sqft
P = Test pressure expressed in units of inWG
CL = leakage class specified by design engineer
Operating
Pressure
(in WG)
0.5, 1, 2
3
4
Round
8
4
2
Rectangular
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Air Ducts Leak
1. System leakage significantly increases building
energy leakage(1)
2. A leaking VAV system uses 20%-35% more fan
energy than a tight system(2)
3. A fan exhaust system with 20% leakage causes
fan power to increase 95%(2)
Source:
(1) ASHRAE Handbook, Duct Design and
(2) ASHRAE SPC 215P: MOT to Determine Leakage Airflows
and Fractional Leakage of Operating Air Handling
Systems
Air Ducts Leak
1. Light Commercial duct leakage is
typically 30% or more(1)
2. Leakage Classes >Cl = 200 are
common(2)
3. On average, 10-20% of air provided by
supply fans does not reach the
occupied space(3)
Sources:
(1) Florida Solar Energy Center, California Energy Commission Studies)
(2) Lawrence Berkeley Nat’l. Laboratory Studies)
(3) Lawrence Berkeley Nat’l. Laboratory Studies)
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Annual Fan Operating Cost
Cost of Leaking Ducts
$16,000
$15,000
$14,000
$13,000
$12,000
$11,000
$10,000
$9,000
$8,000
+71%
+53%
+41%
+17%
Cl3
Cl6
Cl12
Cl24
Cl48
Duct Leakage Class
Healthcare – University of Ottawa Heart Institute
Canada’s largest cardio-vascular
health center
Issue: Lab exhaust leaks causing
radioactive isotope migration
Result: 94% reduction in leakage
“The positive impact that Aerosealing the shaft had on system
performance was clear and immediate.”
Michele Emond,
University of Ottawa
Healthcare - Arzanah Medical Complex
New LEED Gold 220,000 sqft
medical complex
Issue: Supply and return air
duct leakage exceeded
specifications
Result: 94% reduction in
leakage
“Aeroseal proved safe for use even in a hospital. Aeroseal was so effective at
eliminating leaks, That we decided to expand the project to include The
building’s entire HVAC system.”
Gus Heber
Habtoor Leighton
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Healthcare - Nemours Children Hospital
630,000 sqft, 137 bed children’s
hospital
Issue: General exhaust leakage
contributing to nocosomial infection
rates
Result: 85% reduction in leakage
“After sealing the leaks with Aeroseal, all floors are getting the
ventilation they need. As a side benefit, we were able to dramatically
reduce the speed of the exhaust fan, which has resulted in substantial
energy savings for the clinic.”
Chuck Boynton
Carrier Corp
CV SUPPLY PAYBACK
Annual Savings
$40,000
$35,000
$30,000
AHU
4 x 40,000 cfm
Occupancy
12hr/200 days
Energy cost:
0.13 $/kW
1.00 $/therm
Fresh air:
30%
Initial leakage : 20%
Final leakage : 4%
HDD/CDD
5,300/1,400
Efficiency
10 EER/78%
$25,000
$20,000
$15,000
Fan Energy
Fan Motor
$10,000
Heating Load
Cooling Load
$5,000
$-
VAV SUPPLY PAYBACK
Annual Savings
$35,000
AHU
4 x 40,000 cfm
Occupancy
12hr/200 days
Energy cost:
0.13 $/kW
1.00 $/therm
Fresh air:
30%
VFD
50% hrs. @ 75% CFM
$30,000
30% hrs. @ 50% CFM
Initial leakage 20%
$25,000
$20,000
Final leakage 4%
HDD/CDD
5,300/1,400
Efficiency
10 EER/78%
$15,000
$10,000
Fan Energy
Fan Motor
$5,000
Heating Load
Cooling Load
$-
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CENTRAL EXHAUST PAYBACK
Annual Savings
Exhaust
4 x 40,000 cfm fans
Occupancy:
12 hrs. / 200 days
Energy cost:
0.13 $/kW
1.00 $/therm
$70,000
Initial leakage : 20%
$60,000
Final leakage : 4%
HDD/CDD
5,300/1,400
Efficiency
10 EER/78%
$50,000
$40,000
$30,000
Fan Energy
$20,000
$10,000
Heating Load
Cooling Load
$-
BPC IN THE CML REALM THR0UGH THE DUCT
4) CML Projects
– Renton School District
• Lindberg H.S. Images
• Food Service Building
– Franklin Suites
“ The tenants had horrible air flow prior to that because of the super leaky
ducts. ENTEK sealed the lower floor system. They capped one run, repaired
a couple of things and reduced leakage completely! We have not had a
complaint there since, it totally worked.”
– Jack McKinney, AIA Franklin Suite LLC
– Elementary School – Video (5 Min)
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5) Simple BPC Stories
– Ershigs ….
– iQCU Van Mall Branch
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6) Next Steps
– Get Educated
• CI, Dr. Energy, Green Homes
• DOE/ASHRAE/ACCA
• RESNET/HERS/ BPI
– Understand at the Fundamental How Buildings
Work
• It is not always just Metal Ducts that Needs to be
sealed
• More Chases, Plenums, Corridors, stairwells, atria
BPC IN THE CML REALM THR0UGH THE DUCT
6) Next Steps (Continued)
– Develop a Process
– Educate your Staff
– Align with the Right Partners/Products
– Get into the Market
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