ANNUAL REVIEW 2013 - Pesticide Action Network UK

ANNUAL
REVIEW 2013
Promoting safe and sustainable alternatives to hazardous pesticides
Welcome
2013 has been a notable year for PAN UK in many ways.
Pesticide problems have featured as headline news across
national television, radio, online and print news media. PAN
UK has campaigned for many years to highlight the harmful
effects of neonicotinoid pesticides on bees and other
pollinators. In 2013, we joined forces with the Environmental
Justice Foundation (EJF) to launch a joint campaign to
persuade the UK Government to introduce a moratorium on
these bee-toxic pesticides pending further independent
research on their effects. This campaign reached its peak in
the spring of 2013, when, along with a coalition of other
environmental and wildlife organisations, we organised the
highly successful, and much reported, March of the
Beekeepers in Parliament Square in London. Shortly after that
demonstration, the European Commission introduced a
European Union-wide two year moratorium on certain types of
neonicotinoid pesticides.
PAN UK Director Keith Tyrell
with long standing PAN UK
supporter and ethical fashion
designer Katherine Hamnett
Despite the success of this campaign, it represents only a
small fraction of the work undertaken by PAN UK on many
fronts in 2013. For example, we were active on public
awareness raising through publications such as Pesticides on
a Plate and continued our internationally recognised work in
Africa to clear the continent of obsolete and highly hazardous
pesticides, and to train small-holder cotton farmers in
profitable organic cultivation. We also provided technical and
scientific expertise to other organisations working to end the
use of highly hazardous chemical pesticides.
Keith Tyrell
Director, PAN UK
March 2014
All photos © PAN UK 2013
2
PAN UK | ANNUAL REVIEW 2013
The problem with pesticides
Many pesticides are highly hazardous to human health and the
environment, and are responsible for the poisoning of millions of
people, livestock and wildlife worldwide. Some have been linked to
cancer. Some are based on WW2 nerve gases and damage the
nervous system, whether insect, animal or human. Many disrupt the
hormonal balance in our body, threatening our potential to
reproduce, and to have healthy offspring. Pesticides can remain in
the environment for decades, accumulating in the fatty tissues of
animals and contaminating water, soil and air far from where they
are used.
Pesticides are a major global killer
The World
Health
Organisation
estimates
that over
350,000
people die
every year
from acute
pesticide
poisoning,
but admits
that this is a
significant
under
estimate.
The World Health Organization estimates that over 350,000 people
die every year from acute pesticide poisoning, but admits that this is
a significant underestimate. The majority of these deaths occur in
the developing world where pesticides that are illegal in Europe are
still widely available, and where farmers receive little or no training
in how to avoid exposure.
What is more, the above figure does not include deaths or ill-health
from cancer or other chronic diseases caused by pesticide
exposure. Chronic health problems from pesticides not only cause
human misery, but also represent a major drain on developing world
economies.
The UN Environment Programme (UNEP) estimates that the costs
of illness and injury associated with pesticide use in sub Saharan
Africa in 2005 was US$ 4.2 billion – this is almost as much as the
region received in overseas aid for healthcare (excluding Aids
programmes) that year (US$ 4.4 billion). And the situation is getting
worse. UNEP estimates that between 2015 and 2020 the health
costs of pesticide exposure in sub-Saharan Africa will amount to US
$90 billion.
Pesticides are also a major cause of indebtedness
Poor training, unfair trading arrangements, exploitative markets and
unscrupulous pesticide suppliers all combine to drive small farmers
into debt. For example, pesticides can eat up around 60% of a
smallholder cotton farmer’s income in West Africa. Farmers who
take out loans at the beginning of the season to buy their inputs all
too often find their harvests are too meagre to pay off the debts at
the end of the year.
In the fifteen years before 2010, over a quarter of a million small
farmers committed suicide in India alone. Not only were pesticides a
contributory cause of indebtedness in many of these cases, but
many farmers used pesticides to take their lives. In fact, across the
developing world more than 60% of suicides are by pesticide
poisoning.
PAN UK | ANNUAL REVIEW 2013
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As well as the human tragedy, pesticides are responsible for
massive environmental problems, from water pollution wiping out
the ecosystems in rivers and streams - even coral reefs as rivers
flush the chemicals into the sea - to biodiversity losses as the
building blocks of ecosystems are disrupted. Some rivers in Africa
are so polluted that livestock such as cows and goats regularly die
after drinking from them.
Campaigning for change
Since its inception in 1982, PAN UK has worked tirelessly to apply
pressure to governments, regulators, policy makers, industry and
retailers to reduce the impact of harmful chemical pesticides. Over
the years PAN UK has achieved many significant successes
through its campaigning and lobbying activities, and this continued
to be the case in 2013.
Creating a buzz about pesticides
Our main campaign in 2013 focused on the role pesticides play in
the recent declines in bees and other insect pollinators essential to
our food supply.
Populations of bees and other insect pollinators have fallen
dramatically in the past decade and there is growing scientific
evidence that pesticides, particularly neonicotinoid pesticides, are
playing a significant role.
Like many other insecticides, neonicotinoid pesticides are acutely
toxic to bees and other pollinator species. But it is also emerging
that these insecticides are having chronic effects at very low doses.
Studies have shown that repeated exposure to pollen and nectar
contaminated by neonicotinoids can disrupt foraging behaviour,
homing ability, communication and larval development. It can also
negatively affect the immune system of bees, making them more
susceptible to parasitic and disease infections.
In February, PAN UK and the Environmental Justice Foundation
(EJF) launched a joint-campaign to protect the UK's bee and
pollinator populations and safeguard the ecological and economic
services they provide.
The campaign called for a UK Pollinator Action Plan to include:
•
•
•
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A near term ban on neonicotinoid pesticides;
Government incentives and support for the adoption of
pollinator-friendly farming practices and restoration of bee
habitats; and
Government-funded, independent research into
declining bee populations and the role of pesticides.
... there is
growing
scientific
evidence that
pesticides,
particularly
neonicotinoid
pesticides,
are playing a
significant
role.
PAN UK | ANNUAL REVIEW 2013
A hive of activity
PAN UK’s activity in campaigning towards these ends in 2013
included:
... headline
news in
national
television,
radio, online
and print
news media.
•
Contributing evidence to the House of Commons
Environmental Audit Committee which subsequently
reported in April 2013, and recommended that the UK
Government implement a moratorium on the use of certain
types of neonicotinoid pesticides on crops attractive to bees,
and that it support such a proposal in the EU;
•
Working with supermarkets to identify how they could
reduce, and ultimately eliminate, neonicotinoids from their
supply chains;
•
Lobbying the Secretary of State for the Environment,
Food and Rural Affairs by urging him to support a
moratorium on neonicotinoids, and initiating a letter writing
campaign by the public to pressure their own MPs to support
a moratorium too;
•
Co-ordinating a letter published in the Sunday Times in
April signed by many celebrities and high profile
campaigners, calling on the UK Government to take action
to protect bees and other pollinators; and
•
Organising the March of the Beekeepers in Parliament
Square in London in April, along with EJF and a coalition of
environmental and wildlife groups. The demonstration was
headline news in national television, radio, online and print
news media, and even featured prominently on the BBC’s
satirical panel show Have I Got News For You.
PAN UK Director Keith Tyrell giving one of many media interviews at
April's March of the Beekepers in Parliament Square.
PAN UK | ANNUAL REVIEW 2013
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Europe acts
At the end of April the European Commission (EC) announced its
intention to introduce a two year suspension on the use of certain
types of neonicotinoid pesticides on crops attractive to bees. The
suspension came into force in December 2013.
While PAN UK welcomed this measure as a step in the right
direction, we were disappointed that it did not go as far as the
complete moratorium we believed necessary to protect bees and
other pollinators.
As we enter 2014, PAN UK is working to ensure the EC measure is
implemented effectively and we continue to campaign for a
complete moratorium on the use of neonicotinoid pesticides, and for
a thorough and independent review of the science.
Raising awareness
PAN UK has always worked to raise awareness among the general
public about the harm caused by pesticides. We do this in various
ways, including publishing information booklets, leaflets and
posters, as well as through our online communications channels.
Pesticides on a Plate
Our most significant publication in 2013 was our booklet Pesticides
on a Plate: a consumer guide to pesticide issues in the food chain.
This analysis of pesticide residues present on food consumed in the
UK showed that the levels of pesticide residues in our food have
been steadily increasing, and as much as 40% of the food we eat
now contains them.
Residues found in several fruit categories exceeded Government
limits, while a number of the most frequently detected pesticides are
highly toxic and have been linked with developmental defects,
cancers and other disorders.
The booklet also provided consumers with information on how they
could reduce their exposure to pesticides, and urged the
government and retailers to do more to reduce the use of harmful
pesticides in the food chain.
Pesticides on a Plate: a consumer guide to pesticide issues in the
food chain can be downloaded at www.pan-uk.org/files/
pesticides_on_a_plate_2013_final.pdf
6
Pesticide
residues in
our food
have been
steadily
increasing,
and as much
as 40% of
the food we
eat contains
them.
PAN UK | ANNUAL REVIEW 2013
Making a real difference on the
ground
PAN UK also works directly with partners in the developing world
and supports projects that bring real economic, health and
environmental benefits to communities. The main areas of this
activity in 2013 were:
Sustainable cotton
PAN UK has worked successfully over recent years with
smallholder cotton farmers in Benin, West Africa, to train them in
profitable, non-chemical cotton farming techniques. The results
have brought greater income, improved health and greater food
security and safety for those participating in the projects.
In 2013 we launched new projects to deliver these benefits further:
Benin Cotton Trade – building an environmentally friendly
route to poverty reduction
This one year project, funded by TRAID, was an extension to our
existing organic cotton programme which has already improved the
livelihoods of 1700 smallholder cotton farmers in Benin. It was
designed to help small scale cotton farmers in the Djidja, Setto and
Sinendé regions of Benin in West Africa to reap the economic,
health and environmental benefits of sustainable organic cotton
production. The three regions that the project works in suffered
catastrophic flooding in 2010, and as a result farmers lost an entire
season’s cotton crop and were unable to take part in the
programme.
The key elements of the project were to:
... reap the
economic,
health and
environmental
benefits of
sustainable
organic cotton
production.
•
Build participating farmers’ capacity to adopt sustainable
approaches to cotton production and improve productivity
through on-farm training and exchange with successful
farmers from regions where organic farming is more
established;
•
Help farmers to overcome the impact of recent floods on
soil structure and quality through intensive training in soil
remediation and soil management techniques;
•
Build farmers’ capacity in organic seed collection and
management;
•
Strengthen organic cotton farmers’ organisations; and
•
Build capacity for advocacy by organic farming
organisations.
PAN UK | ANNUAL REVIEW 2013
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Working with local partner L’Organisation Béninoise pour la
Promotion de l’Agriculture Biologique (OBEPAB) the project sought
to:
•
Extend the area benefitting from project activities from
206 ha to 500 hectares;
•
Increase the number of farmers supported in the regions
of Djidja, Setto and Sinendé from 315 to 550;
•
Achieve at least 20% increase in cotton productivity by at
least half of the participating farmers; and
•
Strengthen farmers’ organisations at village, district and
national level so they can negotiate effectively on their
members behalf.
A neem mill in Gogbede, Benin - ground seeds from the neem trees
surrounding the village, when mixed with water and soap and sprayed on
the cotton plants, is very effective at deterring pests.
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This
technology
has already
transformed
the health
and financial
well-being of
several
thousand
smallholder
cotton
farmers in
Benin, West
Africa.
PAN UK | ANNUAL REVIEW 2013
A new approach to tackling pesticide dependency and
improving livelihoods in Africa
This project, funded by the JJ Charitable Trust, will improve the
productivity of Ethiopian smallholder farmers by introducing a safe
and effective new approach to pest management based on
beneficial insects.
Working with the Australian Cotton Research Institute, PAN UK
successfully developed a harmless “food spray”, made with cheap
local materials such as yeast and sugar, that attracts beneficial
insects into African cotton fields to feed on pests. This technology
has already transformed the health and financial well-being of
several thousand smallholder cotton farmers in Benin, West Africa.
This new project will adapt the food spray to Ethiopian
environmental and cultural conditions and will train over 2,000
farmers in PAN UK’s cotton programme in the Arba Minch area of
the Ethiopian Rift Valley (see below). As the project progresses, we
will develop training materials to spread the technology far beyond
to benefit cotton growers throughout Africa.
Specifically, the project aimed to:
... the project
will increase
income,
improve
health and
food security
for around
2000
smallholder
farmers and
300
plantation
workers
•
To launch a pilot project to trial and refine the food spray
technology and tailor it to Ethiopian conditions;
•
To develop and test a training programme and
supporting materials to facilitate the widespread adoption of
the food spray technology; and
•
To train 2,000 smallholder cotton farmers in the Arba
Minch area of the Ethiopian Rift Valley in how to make
effective use of food sprays for pest management, thereby
improving their livelihoods, well-being and environment
through a reduced reliance on hazardous and expensive
pesticides, while also improving the productivity and
profitability of their cotton growing.
Tackling pesticide dependency in cotton production in the
Ethiopian Rift Valley
This three year project, funded by TRAID, will help cotton farmers in
the Ethiopian Rift Valley adopt alternative methods of pest control to
replace highly hazardous synthetic pesticides.
Building upon PAN UK’s experience of successfully supporting
similar projects across various parts of sub-Saharan Africa, the
project will increase income, improve health and food security for
around 2000 smallholder farmers and 300 plantation workers in the
Awash Valley region of the Ethiopian Rift Valley.
PAN UK | ANNUAL REVIEW 2013
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The key elements of the project are to:
•
Provide extension support and training in Integrated Pest
Management (IPM) and organic methods to 2000 small
farmers and 300 plantation workers using participatory
approaches such as Farmer Field Schools;
•
Introduce novel pest control techniques, which have
proved successful in other parts of Africa, such as food
sprays to attract beneficial insects to control pests;
•
Make plantation owners aware of the economic benefits
of IPM to encourage them to cut pesticide use;
•
Raise awareness of pesticide hazards through
community based health monitoring; and
•
Establish local farmers’ organisations to represent
farmers’ interests and enable them to secure better terms
when negotiating sales.
Working with local partner PAN Ethiopia, the project will:
•
Increase farmer income through higher productivity and
lower input cost and, in the case of 500 self-selecting
farmers, through an organic premium;
•
Improve food security and food safety as IPM techniques
are also applied to food crops;
•
Improve farmer and plantation worker (and their
families’) health by raising awareness of pesticide hazards ,
providing information on how to minimise exposure to
pesticides and reducing reliance on pesticides; and
•
Improve environmental quality through reduced pesticide
pollution.
Biodiversity
Pesticide impacts on biodiversity in Ethiopian Rift Valley and
agro-ecological solutions
This three year project funded by the UK Government’s Darwin
Initiative to tackle the effects of pesticides on the biodiversity of the
Ethiopian Rift Valley. It aimed to improve the capacity of Ethiopian
scientists, farming communities, government agencies and other
stakeholders to:
•
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Identify key sites at risk from the harmful environmental
effects of agrochemical use;
Increase
farmer income
through higher
productivity
and lower
input cost ...
PAN UK | ANNUAL REVIEW 2013
•
Monitor, measure and understand such impacts close to
biodiversity-rich wetlands;
•
Develop and implement practical solutions based on
agroecological farming; and,
•
Ensure that government policies support biodiversity
conservation goals.
Pesticide stockpiles in Africa
Pesticide stockpiles in Africa and beyond represent a massive
failure of pesticide management as well as an enormous burden on
community health, local environments, and national budgets. PAN
UK’s role in the multi-stakeholder Africa Stockpiles Programme
(2004 – 2010) focused on improving community and civil society
awareness and initiatives for sound management of pesticides to
prevent such stockpiles accumulating again, as they are gradually
removed from the continent.
PAN UK’s Civil society against obsolete pesticides in Ethiopia, Mali,
Nigeria, Senegal & Tanzania project, funded by the UK
Government’s Civil Society Challenge Fund, drew to a close in
2013/4. Since 2009, seven small projects by PAN Africa members
in the five countries have promoted community monitoring of
pesticide impacts, trained store keepers, teachers, and local
government agents, and helped civil society increase its
collaboration with governments to increase compliance with
pesticide legislation and reduce pesticide reliance by promoting
non-chemical alternatives. The results of the individual projects are
summarised in a new series of briefings by PAN UK.
Pesticide
stockpiles in
Africa and
beyond
represent a
massive
failure of
pesticide
management.
A second project component looked specifically at locust control
pesticide stockpiles. PAN UK and its partners promoted community
awareness of locust pesticide risks and alternatives, and got global
support for a PAN International Declaration on Protecting People
from Locust Impacts, calling for governments and agencies to:
•
Seek strategic participation of communities and Civil
Society Organisations;
•
Recognise and deal with problems caused by overreliance on chemical options;
•
Use non-chemical alternatives first; and
•
Prioritise long term support for preventing locust
problems.
The project coordinated three high level events to present the
PAN UK | ANNUAL REVIEW 2013
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recommendations to decision makers, and through timely advocacy
efforts with the Desert Locust Control Organisation in East Africa,
and CLC Pro in West Africa, was successful in increasing
involvement of communities in forecasting in East Africa, and in
promoting alternatives in West Africa.
Sharing our expertise
PAN UK has a wealth of technical and scientific expertise which we
contribute to the work of, and projects co-ordinated by, other
organisations. In 2013 this included:
Growing coffee without endosulfan
Funded by, and undertaken on behalf of, the Sustainable Coffee
Program powered by IDH, the United Nations Food & Agriculture
Organisation (FAO) and the ISEAL Alliance (the umbrella
association of social and environmental labeling standards
schemes) this project aimed to provide practical guidance on
methods of effective pest control in coffee farming without the use
of the highly hazardous insecticide endosulfan.
PAN UK's Stephanie Williamson and Norvis Vasquez talking to
Nicaraguan coffee farmer Rogelio Villareyna about farming without
endosulfan
Through both desk research and field research in two Latin
American regions, and working in partnership with the 4C
Association, the project utilised PAN UK’s scientific and technical
expertise to produce a variety of practical guidance materials and
tools to assist coffee farmers.
We interviewed and filmed more than 20 farmers certified under
Fairtrade, Rainforest Alliance and Utz Certified standards and
produced a set of videos showing their experiences and tips in
managing the key Coffee Berry Borer pest using a range of IPM
methods. Several of the farmers had formerly witnessed poisonings
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... effective
pest control
in coffee
farming
without the
use of the
highly
hazardous
insecticide
endosulfan.
PAN UK | ANNUAL REVIEW 2013
with endosulfan and urged other farmers to stop all use of this and
other hazardous pesticides.
This ‘real world’ information, ranging from smallholder farms to large
estates which have successfully eliminated endosulfan, will help
provide clear, practical guidance which the coffee sector can use to
help more producers to shift away from this Stockholm Convention
listed Persistent Organic Pollutant (POP) chemical. The videos (in
Spanish and English), farm case studies and guidance on the pros
and cons, costs and ease of use of different IPM methods will be
uploaded in Spring 2014 on project partner 4C’s Tools Library web
pages and linked to the PAN UK website.
Action on Highly Hazardous Pesticides (HHPs)
We provided tailor-made technical support and policy advice to a
variety of not-for-profit organisations, sustainability standards and
food companies during 2013 on identifying HHPs in their supply
chains and developing plans to phase these out and phase in safer,
ecologically based alternatives.
PAN UK's
analysis ...
helped to
secure a
strong policy
commitment
from the
Stockholm
Convention to
prioritise agroecological
methods.
We also played an active role in PAN International’s Working Group
on HHPs and contributed to global civil society advocacy for a
higher level of protection for human health and the environment in
relevant policy forums, including the joint Stockholm POPs and
Rotterdam PIC Conventions Conference of the Parties in May 2013
and the Joint Meeting on Pesticide Management of the FAO and
WHO in October 2013. PAN UK’s analysis, which identified as
HHPs 80 of the 109 pesticides proposed as substitutes for the
POPs pesticide endosulfan, helped to secure a strong policy
recommendation from the Stockholm Convention representatives’
meeting to prioritise agroecological methods over other pesticides in
replacing endosulfan crop use.
Pesticide residues in food in developing countries and
food safety concerns
PAN UK conducted a short literature review for Consumers
International in February 2013 on this topic, to provide up to date
background information for their small grants scheme for national CI
affiliates on safe and healthy food projects. We will make use of the
information assessed to produce a PAN UK briefing in 2014.
PAN UK | ANNUAL REVIEW 2013
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A big thank you
PAN UK would like to thank all those that have helped to make
2013 such a successful and productive year.
Funders
The 1970 Trust
The Anber Fund
John & Susan Bowers Fund
Chapman Charitable Trust
City Bridge Trust
The Co-op
The Cuthbert Horne Trust
Darwin Initiative
DFID Civil Society Challenge Fund
The Food & Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations
The Bryan Guinness Charitable Trust
The Sustainable Coffee Program powered by IDH
ISEAL Alliance
JJ Charitable Trust
Marisla Foundation
Organic Trade Board
Po-Zu Footwear
The Rowan Charitable Trust
Charles Stuart Fund
TRAID - Textile Recycling for Aid and International Development
Unite the Union
The Zephyr Charitable Trust
Partners
4C Association
Addis Ababa University Department of Zoological Sciences
Africa Stockpiles Programme, Tanzania
Environmental Justice Foundation
Ethiopian Wildlife & Natural History Society
L’Organisation Béninoise pour la Promotion de l’Agriculture
Biologique
Natural Resources Group
ONG AMEN, Mali
Pesticide Action Network - Africa
Pesticide Action Nexus - Ethiopia
Volunteers/Interns
Ruth Aguilar
Rina Guadagnini
Claudia Quitian
Norvis Vasquez
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Judy Daniels
Robert Mitton
Arianne Reyes
PAN UK | ANNUAL REVIEW 2013
Who's who at PAN UK
Staff
Dr Keith Tyrell – Director
Dr Stephanie Williamson – Staff Scientist
Nick Mole – Policy Officer
Angela Russ – Programme Manager
Paul Lievens – Communications Manager
Geremew Tereda - Finance Officer
Board of Trustees
Lasse Bruun - Senior Campaigner on climate change and agriculture at Greenpeace Brazil
Natasha Clayton - Director of Resources at FARM-Africa
Dr Charlie Clutterbuck - Research Fellow, Centre for Food Policy, City University
Vicki Hird - Senior Food Campaigner, Friends of the Earth
Eileen Maybin - Head of Media, Fairtrade Foundation
Dr Laura Potts - Dr Laura Potts works on issues of public health and the environment, and is an
organic gardener
Christopher Stopes - Founder Director of EcoS Consultancy Ltd., and former Head of Research at
The Organic Research Centre - Elm Farm
Jeanette Longfield OBE (Chair) - Co-ordinator of Sustain: The alliance for better food and farming
Prof. Anthony Youdeowei - Independent IPM Consultant in African pesticide policy and food
security programmes
Adam Wakeley - Managing Director and Chairman of Organic Farm Foods Ltd
The PAN UK team at the March
of the Beekeepers.
L-R Robert Mitton, Paul Lievens,
Stephanie Williamson, Keith
Tyrell and Nick Mole.
Contact PAN UK
Follow PAN UK
The Brighthelm Centre
North Road
Brighton
BN1 1YD
www.pan-uk.org
Telephone: 01273 964230
Email: [email protected]
www.twitter.com/pan_uk
PAN UK | ANNUAL REVIEW 2013
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PAN UK | ANNUAL REVIEW 2013

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