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Name
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Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells, and Viruses-Webquest
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eOat: The goal of this webquest is to introduce you to the kinds of cells that make up all
living things, and to compare these cells with viruses.
.,r'affER COMPLETING THIS WEBQUEST: You should be able to name the six kingdoms,
understand the differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes, and be able to describe
the basic functions of eukaryotic cell organelles.
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Go to this website: http://www.bioloqv.arizona.edu/Cell BlO/tutorials/pev/main.html
The website title is Prokaryotes, Eukarvotes. & Viruses Tutorial.
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Click on Qlgangation As you read the paragraphs, answer the following questions and
complete the concept maps.
1. lnto what 2 groups are all cells classified?
All Cells
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2. lnto what 6 kingdoms are all living things classified?
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3. Name the 2 kingdoms that contain all prokaryotes.
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5. How Living Things Obtain Energy
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ExamPle:
6. What does "multicellular" mean?
7. About how many cells does the human body contai
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8. About how many different types of tissue does the human body contain?
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Click on Next. Read the paragraphs about prokaryotes
and answer the following
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9. Prokaryotic cells are classified
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10. The two kingdoms you listed in question 9 contain all bacteria. Prokaryotic cells are
bacteria. lf you were a bacteria cell, what would your life be like? Describe 5 interesting
facts below.
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questions.
1. The eukaryotic cell contains the following membrane and organelles. Read about each
one listed and write a short description of each.
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Click on Next. Read the paragraphs about viruses and answer the following questions.
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F Viruses are NOT cells, but they
have to infect a cell in order to replicate.
13e or F A virus is simply DNA or RNA (genetic material)
surrounded by a protein coat.
14. List 6 viruses that can infect humans:
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Active Readin
Section: lntroduction to Cells
Read the passage below. Then answer the questions that follow.
The first cells to appear on Earth were prokaryotic cells. A
prokaryote is an organism made of a single prokaryotic cell. The
earliest prokaryotes may have arisen more than 2.5 billion years ago.
Bacteria are prokaryotes. They are very small cells with a simple
structure. Prokaryotes do not have a nucleus. This means that their
DNA is not enclosed in a membrane inside the cell. Instead,
prokaryotes have a single loop of DNA that floats in the cell's
cytoplasm. Protein-making bodies called ribosomes also form part
of the cytoplasm. Like all cells, prokaryotes have a cell membrane.
All prokaryotes also have a cell wall surrounding the cell membrane.
The cell wall helps provide support and protection for the cell. Some
prokaryotes are enclosed by an additional layer. This layer is called
the capsule. The capsule has a sticky surface area, so it allows
prokaryotes to cling to surfaces, such as your skin and your teeth.
Eukaryotic cells are more complex than prokaryotic cells. They
all have a cell membrane, ribosomes, and DNA as prokaryotic cells
do. However, the DNA of eukaryotic cells does not float freely in the
c;rtoplasm. Instead, it is found in the nucleus, an internal
compartment bound by a cell membrane, The nucleus is one kind of
organelle found in eukaryotic cells. Organelles are struefures that
perform specific functions. Most organelles are surrounded by a
membrane. Some organelles have membranes that form channels
which help transport substances from one part ofthe cell to another
part of the cell.
Eukaryotes are organisms made of one or more eukaryotic cells.
The earliest eukaryotes, Iike the first prokaryotes, were single-celled
organisms. They arose about I billion years later than the earliest
prokaryotes. Later, multicellular eukaryotes arose. Every type of
multicellular organism that exists is made up of eukaryotic cells.
SKILL: READING EFFECTIVELY
Read each question, and write your answer in the space provided.
l. What is a prokaryote,
and when did prokaryotes arise?
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Holt Biology
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ori8ind conlcn( ec rhc rcsponsibility of thc in:&uctor,
Cell Structure
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Active Readi
2. Describe three main features inside a prokaryotic cell'
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3. Describe the sFuctures that form the outside of a prokaryotic cell. Tell whether
each structure is common to all prokaryotes.
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4. What is a eukaryote, and when did eukaryotes first arise?
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SKILL: ORGANIZING INFORMATION
Fill in the Venn diagram to
of
Prokaryotes
Structures
compare and contrast the
structure of prokaryotic
and eukaryotic cells.
Structures of
Eukaryotes
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ln the space provided, write the letter of the phrase that best answers the
ouestion.
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8. From which type of cells did multicellular organisms arise?
@nrokaryotic cells
b. prokaryotic cells with a caPsule
c. eukaryotic cells
d. both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
Origioal
Holt
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Biology
I
Cell Structure
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Prokarryotic and Eukarvotic Cclls
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All organisnrs (living things) have at least one or nlore cells. Cells iu our rvorld come in t\\'o basic types,
prokaryotic and eukaryotic. "Kar1's" means ttnucleustt of a cell. "Pro" ureans "bcfore," and "ctl" Inealls
"true," or "good." So "Prol<aryotic" means "before a nuclcus," and "eul<ntyotic" nteans "possessing a truc
nucleus." A.nucleus is a protective cotnpar-tment for DNA and is usually in the center of eukaryotcs. This is a
big hint about one of the differences betu,een these tlvo cell types. Prokaryotic cells have no nuclci, while
eul<aryotic cells do havc truc nuclei. Both have organelles (little cell parts) but cuk:rryotc orgirnclles arc
rrrotectccl bv membrancs and so n'c call thcm mcnrbranc-bound oI'ganclles. This is iar fronr the only
difference between these two cell types, hou,ever.
Flere's a sirnple visual courparison betlveen a pr:okalyotic cell and a eukaryotic cell:
CELL l,'ltl'tBRAllE
CaFsld (protcin
shcilh)
Enuoloo"
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(c) Human
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vIRUSES
virus(Hrv)
This particular eukaryotic cell happens to be an aninral cell, but the cclls of nlants, fungi and protists nre
also eukaryotic. All bacteria havc nrokan'otic cclls.
Despite their apparent diFferences, these two cell t1,pes have a lot in cotttttton. They perfornr t'uost of the same
kinds of functions, and in the same !\,ays. Both arc cncloscd by rrlasma membrnnes (protcctivc barricr
thtt controls thc movcmcnt of things in and out of thc ccll), filled u'ith cytoplasnr liquid, zrnd loadcd
n'ith small structures callcd ribosomes, for protein building. Both have DNA rvhich carries the archived
instructions for operating the cell. The DNA in the trvo cell types is precisely (exactly) the saure kind of DNA,
and the genetic code for a prokaryotic cell is exactly the same genetic code used in eukaryotic cells.
Some things whiclr seen, to be dilfurences aren't. For example, the prolcrryotic ccll h:rs a ccll rvall, and this
animal ccll does not. I{or,vever, sonrc eul<aryotic cclls do hnvc cell rvalls lil<e plant and fungi cells.
Eukaryotic cells arc much lrrgcr and much morc comDlex than prol<:rn'otic cells.
EukarTotic cclls have a true nuclcus. bound bv a doublc mcnrbranc. Prokaryotic cclls have no nuclcus.
Eukaryotic DNA is lincar: prol<arJ'otic DNA is circular (it has no ends).
It is believed by scientists that prokarlotcs rvcre the firct organisms on carth, appearing about 3.6 billion
years ago according to prokaryote fossils. Then eukaryotes cvolved from prol<aryotes and the rest is
history!
VIRUSES as you knou,now act "alive" r,r4ren they are in host cells. 1'hey are the smallest.
. Bacteria can be killed by: rubbing alcohol, antirnicrobial rvipees, and antibiotics, nredicines like
penicillin, that destroy the cell rvalls olbacteria and eventually destroy the rvhole cell.
(ANTl:against, BIOTIC= living thing)
1
QUESTTON
n
Does
Does
it
PROKARYOTES
VIRTISES
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Yes
N.,
No
it have membrane-bound organelles?
Does
it have a cell membrane?
Does
Does
it have DNA?
it have liquid cytoplasm?
Does
Does
it have ribosomes?
it have cell walls?
When did it evolve?
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EUKARYOTES
Is it simple or complex?
Is it small, smallest or biggest in size of the
three?
Is it Multiccllular, unicellular or both?
Which of th(lA.ingdoms have this type?
b
What is your way to remember these words?
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