The Conservation of monuments in Pagan - unesdoc

U N D P / M YA/86/019
M Y A N M A R
Assignment Report
Serial No. RACAP/PROAP/92/2
Conservation of Cultural
Her¡tage ^ Se|ected
Sites in M y a n m a r
For internal use only :
not for general distribution
The Conservation of Monuments
in Pagan, Myanmar
by
Pierre Pichará
International Project Coordinator
UNITED NATIONS EDUCATIONAL,
SCIENTIFIC AND CULTURAL
ORGANIZATION
Bangkok 1992
UNITED NATIONS
DEVELOPMENT
PROGRAMME
UNDP/MYA/86/019
Assignment Report
RACAP/PROAP/92/2
Bangkok, 27 April 1992
Note:
This report reflects the views of the author and not
necessarily those of UNESCO.
Contents
page
INTRODUCTION
2
PROGRESS OF ON-GOING ACTIVITIES
1 Conservation of monuments
2 Seismic strengthening
3 Conservation of mural paintings and stuccoes
4 Stone conservation
5 Delivery of equipment
6 Documentation
7 Training
8 Mobilization of international assistance
PLANNED FUTURE ACTIVITIES
10 Field laboratory
11 Development of cultural tourism
12 Master plan for Pagan archaeological area
CONCLUSION
13 Evaluation and monitoring
14 Summary of main recommendations
ANNEXES
1 Diary of the mission
2 List of persons contacted
3 Project missions
a - implemented in 1991
b - scheduled for 1992
3
3
7
7
9
10
11
12
13
14
14
15
16
16
18
20
22
Abstract
The implementation of Project MYA/86/019 has progressed
in 1991 according to its main objectives.
The fielding of eight consultants simultaneously
together with the presence in Pagan of a UNESCO staff member
in December 1991 and January 1992, in part due to delayed
missions which were scheduled earlier, has in fact been
quite beneficial because it has given a strong impetus to
all activities and provided opportunity for numerous
meetings and encounters between the consultants themselves
as well as with the national counterparts and staff at all
levels.
While present activities have to go on, some new
perspectives are contemplated which are perfectly in line
with the Project strategy.
1
INTRODUCTION
The present mission was undertaken from 7 December 1991
to 30 January 1992 (see annex 1: diary of the mission), as a
regular
co-ordination
mission
under
project
MYA/86/019
approved on 6 December 1989, whose effective implementation
started in 1990 and is expected to be completed by the end
of 1993.
The terms of reference were as follows:
1 - to prepare a work-plan for the implementation of
the
above-mentioned
project
in
consultation
with
the
National
Co-
National Co-ordinator.
2
-
ordinator,
national
to
prepare,
a
framework
and
determine
the
together
for
international
effective
with
the
effective
staff.
roles
participation
The
of
the
of
framework
will
national
and
international staff.
3 - to collaborate with the National Co-ordinator in
the implementation of the project, in particular as regards:
a) the preservation and restoration of national monuments and artifacts at selected sites through the
activities of:
(i) the survey of monuments, artifacts and other
items considered part of the cultural heritage
of Myanmar including the damage assessment of
each structure and the determination of priorities for preservation or restoration activities;
(ii) the preservation and restoration activities including restoration of the selected monuments,
2
artifacts and murals;
(iii) the specialized training of technical personnel
with emphasis on application of suitable techniques in the above fields;
(iv) the preparation of the Department of Archaeology's plan for recurrent operational costs,
maintenance, repair and depreciation of equipment provided under the present project,
b) the establishment of the national teams which will
be in charge of :
(i) survey of cultural heritage;
(ii) strengthening of monuments and artifacts;
(iii) treatment and conservation of mural paintings
and stuccoes; and
(iv) protection of the Pagan archaeological area.
PROGRESS OF ACTIVITIES
1. Conservation of Monuments.
As mentioned in earliest reports, two distinct agencies
are involved in the conservation of monuments in Pagan:
- The Public Works (formerly Construction Corporation)
carry out major works commissioned by the Department of
Archaeology.
The present work-force of its Conservation
Unit amounts to 135 workers in 5 teams under the guidance of
a civil engineer and her assistants.
-
The Department
of Archaeology
implements minor
repair and conservation works on small monuments, with 73
3
workers
divided
into
3
teams
under
the
leadership
of
archaeological officers and an assistant engineer.
1.1 Public Works. The Public works are carrying out repairs
and restoration works on the following monuments:
- Structural strengthening in progress on That-byin-nyu
temple 1597.
During several working sessions with the PW
engineer, Dr. Gavrilovic gave detailed instruction for the
final strengthening steps and amended the proposal given in
the first Iziis technical report (1982) according to the
last results of the masonry tests performed in 1987 and
1992.
Based
on
all
works
previously
implemented
on
That—byin-nyu, this final strengthening project excludes
the reinforced concrete jacketing proposed earlier.
- On-going masonry repairs on Pyatada temple 1803.
Restoration of the base all around the monument and of
collapsed vaults.
Site
preservation
and
Hsin-byu-shin monastic complex.
masonry
repairs
in
the
The main temple, Hsin-byu-
shin 697, has been repaired though not strengthened against
future
earthguakes.
The
ruined
monastery
698,
which
caollapsed during the 1975 earthquake, has been completely
cleared
of debris and repaired, and PW agreed to a proposal
to improve its upper parts in order to provide a better
understanding of the former upper storey.
The platform of
ordination hall 700 has been restored and several cubical
monastic units are progressively repaired, but consultants
pointed out the need to systematically provide a simple
seismic strengthening to these fragile vaulted structures.
- Masonry repairs on 12th century temple 1686.
- Structural strengthening on Mahabodi temple 1670.
4
- Clearing of debris and first masonry
monastic structure 448 in Minnanthu.
repairs on
This multi-storeyed
building with wide vaulted rooms has been in poor condition
for a long time, and was again severely cracked during the
1975 earthquake.
Its conservation is an urgent necessity
because of its uniqueness in the Pagan context, but involves
dangerous works on unstable masonries and must imperatively
be completed
by a thorough structural strengthening.
After
several technical site meetings between PW and Department of
Archaeology members and consultants Gavrilovic and Yarmola,
a
specific
strengthening
project
was
agreed
and
Department
of
specifications given to PW engineer.
1.2
Department
Archaeology
works on
has
of
Archaeology.
implemented
several monuments
The
emergency
or partial repair
(Loka-hteik-pan
temple 1580,
Shwe-san-daw stupa 1569, Winido group, etc.),
completed
masonry repairs on temple
floor of
monastery 1415.
are
in
progress
Shwe-gu-gyi
1422 and on ground
In addition, on-going conservation works
on
the
1589, and
city
wall,
structural
excavations
repair
and
around
restoration
works on the wood monastery east of Taungbi village.
1.3
Consultants' Activity.
In December 1991 and January
1992, all project consultants worked in close contact with
their counterparts from both agencies, and suggestions for
improvement
were
given
during
numerous
technical
site
meetings, field training and technical discussions, aiming
at
promoting
a
maintenance, at
more
systematic
improving
and
the quality
effective
and
routine
standards of
workmanship, and at organizing a systematic integration of
the structural strengthening in the conservation process,
5
since
the
present
tendency
to
implement
masonry
independently while leaving strengthening
second
phase
demolition
results
of
in
building
waste
parts
of
repairs
for an eventual
time
and
previously
in
unwanted
repaired.
J.C.
Yarmola gave several technical lectures to the staff of both
agencies, and organized technical training on working sites.
1.4
Conservation
programme.
The tentative
conservation
programme proposed by the Department of Archaeology for the
next
three
should
fiscal
obviously
years
was
discussed.
reflect
the
increased
This
programme
capacity
of
both
agencies in terms of trained manpower and of complementary
equipment
provided
by
therefore
foresee an
selection
of
the
present
project,
intensification
monuments
to
be
of
and
should
activities.
repaired
and
The
strengthened
should be more strictly based on their condition, and on a
risk evaluation of their deterioration.
A proposal was made
to include the development of a maintenance and conservation
strategy in the expected Master Plan, using the Inventory of
Monuments
as a
computerized
data
base
for
selection
of
conservation priorities.
1.5
Emergency
works.
assessment, emergency
Presently
works
have
and
been
as
a
preliminary
identified
on
the
following monuments:
- Kyaukku Umin 154.
leakage
of
rain
Roof and outlet repairs to prevent
water, consolidation
of
a crack
in
the
south-east corner of the shrine.
Tayok-pyay
539.
Repair
on
the
boundary
wall,
consolidation of stucco carvings and of the painted plaster
inside.
- Temple 1117.
Masonry repairs (vault exposed).
6
- Temple 1148, south of Somin-gyi monastery.
Masonry
repairs, stucco and mural paintings consolidation.
- Temple 1149, south of Somin-gyi monastery.
Repair of
upper parts (vault exposed on south-west corner).
- Temple 1852.
Repair and strengthening
of upper
storey.
Taungbi Mon-gu 2013.
Structural strengthening and
repair (cracks in central core and south wall, displacement
of outer walls), consolidation of mural paintings.
2.
Seismic strengthening.
In close co-operation with the staff of Public Works,
P. Gavrilovic
progamme
at
implemented
the
selected
the last part of his testing
monastery
2094
on
two
forcibly cracked and repaired by injections in 1988.
walls
The
results are consistent with the previous ones, and show that
the average Pagan brick masonry is much more resistant than
anticipated
in
the
initial
calculations.
Using
these
rectified paramètres, P. Gavrilovic was able to revise the
strengthening projects for That-byin-nyu temple and other
monuments.
Structural drawings were accordingly prepared
with the staff of Public Works.
visited
all
working
sites
In addition, P. Gavrilovic
to
advise
on
structural
strengthening and provide detailed instructions.
3.
Conservation of mural paintings and stuccoes.
In 1991 and for the first time, two teams have been
concurrently at work in Pagan: in addition to completing
conservation works in Kubyauk-gyi temple 1323, selected in
1983 as a pilot monument, a second team is now working in
Abe-ya-da-na temple 1202.
7
Training
new
recruits
started
in
July
1991
and
intensified during the ICCROM mission of December 1991 and
January
1992,
which
involved
three
experts.
Final
consolidation of paintings and stuccoes was completed in
Kubyauk-gyi temple, and the lighting material previously
provided by the project will be installed in July 1992. The
temple will thus become one of the major attraction for
visitors.
The presentation of the 12th century
cloth-painting
found in temple 315 and restored in 1987 by C. Giantomassi
and
D.
Zarri was discussed with the restorers
Department of Archaeology.
and the
The painting is now protected in
a special case and presently kept in an air-conditioned
store-room of the Department in Yangon.
It was agreed that
its right place should be the Pagan Museum, where it can be
suitably presented to the public.
Pagan being considerably
less humid than Yangon, it appears that air-conditioning
will be unnecessary, though an added protection must be
provided against dust and direct light.
D. Zarri and C.
Giantomassi will prepare a project for this exhibit and
specify the equipment needed.
For future activity, a priority list of 12 monuments
with mural paintings has previously been proposed by the
Department of Archaeology, but it has been drafted on purely
archaeological criteria and concentrates on 12th century
paintings, without
condition.
combine
enough
consideration
of
their actual
Here again, a more logical approach would be to
archaeological
and
conservation
criteria,
since
there are paintings from later periods, mostly 13th century
but 18th century as well, which are presently in a more
8
critical
condition
disappearing.
Lujan,
and
sometimes
in
real
danger
of
The priority list is being revised by R.
U Aye Maung and members of the conservation teams,
for whom this diagnostic exercise is an essential part of
their theoretical and practical training.
Up
to
now,
very
few
of
the
trainees
have
been
permanently recruited as staff members by the Department of
Archaeology, and most of them were paid as daily wagers with
the project supplementing their wages
as an incentive.
agreed
22
December
now
recruit
during
Department
the
meeting
of Archaeology
of
will
1991,
these
As
the
team
members under a three year contract, with an increased
monthly salary.
Since the need to secure the permanent
assignment of qualified people is also evident in other
sectors (e.g. maintenance, masonry, carpentry, etc.), the
same procedure should be extended.
4.
Stone Conservation .
During his consultant mission, P. Pagnin visited the
few monuments in Pagan where the stone has been extensively
used
(Shwe-zigon,
Kyaukku-umin
and
Nanpaya)
and
concentrated, as planned, on the conservation process of the
sandstone
facing
of Nanpaya
1139.
Several
tests were
performed with various chemicals, and it was found that the
porosity of the stone is too low to ensure their deep
absorption.
In this condition, it would be dangerous to
treat the whole surface, since the result would be a crust
in the stone, and the method recommended is to inject the
consolidating agent by small quantities in the multiple
micro-cracks, with partial
badly eroded areas.
surface consolidation
on the
Since this treatment must imperatively
9
be carried out during the dry season, it is now scheduled
for December 1992 - January 1993.
Details of the technical
proposal will apear in the consultant report.
According to the consultant, the main factor of stone
decay is the thermal shock resulting from high temperature
change between day and night.
One simple mean to mitigate
this treat is to shade the monument by planting trees in
front of its south and west sides, which are the most
severely exposed to direct sunlight.
flowing
rainwater, which
must
be
Another factor is the
checked
by
a
better
maintenance of the roof and by improving its outlets.
5.
Delivery of equipment.
With
the
exception
of
the
project
vehicle,
the
equipment ordered in 1991 has reached Myanmar during the
present mission, and has been progressively transported to
Pagan by the Department of Archaeology.
Given the yet unsolved difficulties to secure a regular
supply
of chemicals
needed
for the
treatment
of mural
paintings, it was decided that R. Lujan will spend a few
days
in Bangkok
suitable
to
suppliers
explore
and
the
local
determine
the
market, identify
most
effective
transport system to Myanmar.
The Department of Archaeology's plan for maintenance,
repair and depreciation of equipment, including the items
provided under the present project, was briefly discussed.
It should be noted that the Department of Archaeology as
well as the Public Works in Pagan have shown their capacity
to
effectively
maintain
their
equipment:
despite
difficulties and delays for securing spare parts, most of
the equipments are in daily use, including the vehicles,
10
lorries and building equipment provided by international
assistance (UNESCO and Japan mainly) some 14 years ago.
6.
Documentâtion.
6.1
Inventory
of
monuments.
The
Department of
Archaeology has corrected and endorsed the draft of the
first
volume, covering
monuments
from
1 to
255.
Its
publication has been finalized during several meetings at
UNESCO Headquarters, and the volume is planned to be ready
for printing in May 1992.
Work on the second volume has
already started.
6.2
Inventory of sculptures.
permanently
assigned
to
Pagan
The photographer now
by
the
Department
of
Archaeology has recorded all stone images which have been
removed from isolated temples, and the photographs will be
pasted on itemized image files, as recommended in previous
reports.
Gypsum replicas made in the Pagan Museum are
progressively installed at the original location of these
stone images, now stored in the Museum for greater safety.
6.3
Photogrammetry.
Since it was not possible to send
the engineer selected for the project fellowship to the
Delft
University
in
Netherlands,
a
proposal
for
photogrammetric training has been received from the Belgrade
University in Yugoslavia, while another possibility is to
give him advanced practical training in France, where the
recording unit of the Ministry of Culture is using the same
equipment which was previously provided by the Project to
the Department of Archaeology in Yangon.
6.4
Publications. The photographer mission to carry out
a complete colour photographic record of the paintings in
Kubyauk-gyi temple after completion of their treatment could
11
not
be
implemented
as
scheduled.
Officers
from
the
Department of Archaeology have already prepared the texts
for a comprehensive book on the temple, which can be issued
in co-operation with a private publisher.
7.
Training.
7.1
Fellowships.
- U Kyaw Tun Aung has left for a six-month
fellowship on museology and conservation of art objects at
the Archaeology School of Archaeology and National Museum in
New Delhi, India.
Daw San San Maw is leaving for a six-month
fellowship on museology and conservation of art objects at
the University College in London, UK, under a contract with
the School of Oriental and African Studies.
The nine-month fellowship on architectural
photogrammetry (U Aye Ko) is delayed (see above, 5.3).
- U Than Htay, from the Pagan team, is completing
the ICCROM course on conservation of mural paintings in
India.
U Myo Nyunt and U Ye Myint have completed their
training in architectural drawing and survey at EFEO in
Pondicherry
(September-December
1991),
under
fellowships granted by the French government.
three-month
The same
opportunity has been offered in 1992 for two other trainees
from the Department of Archaeology.
7.2
Study-tours.
U Nyunt Han, Assistant Director of
Department of Archaeology and National Project Co-ordinator,
and
U
Aung
Kyaing,
Research
Officer,
Department
of
Archaeology Pagan, have completed a 3-week study tour to
1?
inspect the implementation and management of historical park
projects in Thailand and Indonesia.
8.
Mobilization of international assistance.
The promotion tour in Europe by the Director-General
and the Assistant Director of Department of Archaeology, to
develop
awareness
assistance
and
to
to
the
future
mobilize
the
needs
active
for
long
term
participation
of
governmental and non-governmental institutions, is scheduled
for May
1992.
R.
Lujan
in Rome, C. Manhart
at
UNESCO
Headquarters and E. Moore in London are making arrangements
and preparing the tour programme on the following tentative
schedule:
- 6-13 May 1992:
Italy (including ICCROM General
Conference, 7-9 May)
- 13-25 May 1992:
UNESCO Headquarters (Paris)
and France
- 25 May - 4 June 1992:
Great Britain
PLANNED FUTURE ACTIVITIES
9.
Manuals for Conservation in Pagan.
The
technical
consultants
will
be
recommendations
included
in
of
a
set
the
of
project
4
basic
conservation manuals under the following divisions:
1.
2.
Conservation process (P. Pichard)
a.
records and drawings
b.
factors of decay (climate, seisms, etc.)
c.
analysis and diagnostic
d.
maintenance
Masonry repair
(J.C. Yarmola)
13
10.
3.
Structural strengthening
(P. Gavrilovic)
4.
Conservation of painting and stucco
(R. Lujan)
Field Laboratory.
As previously suggested by Dr. Khan, a field laboratory
should be set up in Pagan.
It will not be used for the
thorough restoration of archaeological pieces, for which the
Department has facilities in Yangon, but will allow the
initial cleaning and treatment of archaeological objects
(bronzes, pottery, terracotta and glazed pieces, wood, etc.)
and will also be used
for simple analysis and quality
control of conservation materials
etc.).
(lime, mortar, bricks,
It will include a small library of manuals and
textbooks.
A suitable building has been selected north of Ananda
temple, which can be easily converted.
R. Lujan will
prepare a list of the requested equipment for the treatment
and repair section.
The quality control of bricks and
mortar will necessitate an hydraulic press for compression
and
bending
tests
and
a
set
of
gages,
for
which
P.
Gavrilovic has agreed to provide specifications.
11.
Cultural Tourism.
The mission report of the consultants for Cultural
Tourism provides detailed suggestions and recommendations
for developing the benefits of tourism in Pagan, and more
broadly
effects.
in Myanmar, while avoiding
It
is
realistically
its detrimental side
based
on
the
present
conditions and focuses on their gradual improvement rather
than on drastic change, and recommends a limited development
for the next five years.
14
Significantly,
the
report
points
out
the
strong
relationship between tourism, conservation of monuments and
physical planning of the archaeological area, and calls for
the development of a Conservation Centre in Pagan, with
enhanced facilities for professional research and practical
conservation management.
The recommendations of this report
which concern the Pagan area will in fact be taken into
consideration when finalizing the Master Plan.
12.
Master Plan for Pagan archaeological area.
Mr. J. Sanday, consultant for the preparation of the
Master Plan, has been working one month in Pagan in close
co-operation with his counterparts, Professor U Lwin Aung,
Professor
and Lecturer U Cho Oo, both
Institute
of
Technology.
During
a
from the Yangon
meeting
with
the
Director-General of the Department of Archaeology and local
authorities, including the Chairman of Nyaung U Township
LORC, the proposal
activities
relating
to put a moratorium
to
construction
of
on
new
all further
roads
and
buildings, planting of trees, in the archaeological area
pending the approval of the Master Plan was accepted.
A questionnaire on basic development data was answered
for all concerned villages.
On the results of this preparatory work, the consultant
has prepared a Project Document to finalize the Master Plan.
Its objectives will include delineating the protected zones,
planning the circulation network, providing guidelines for
landscaping
and
building,
establishing
a
long
term
conservation plan and developing a co-ordinated strategy for
cultural tourism, educational and promotional activities.
15
UNESCO will prepare the implementation of this closely
related project, expected to be financed under trust funds.
CONCLUSION
13.
Evaluation and monitoring.
A Tripartite Review Meeting is scheduled at Pagan on 28
August
1992, with
the
participation
of
all
concerned
agencies:
- Department of Archaeology, Yangon Headquarters
and Pagan Branch.
- Foreign Economic Relations Department, Yangon.
- UNDP, Yangon.
- UNESCO, Paris Headquarters and Bangkok Regional
Office.
- Project Co-ordinators.
14.
Summary of main recommendations.
It is strongly recommended that the project for the
Master Plan of Pagan be officially approved without delay
and implemented simultaneously with the present project,
their
objectives
being
complementary
and
their
implementation closely related.
It is essential that the Department of Archaeology
secures the permanent availability of skilled specialists
and
labourers
by
their
recruitment
under
a
be
given
five-year
contract at attractive salary.
It
is recommended
that
emphasis
to
the
inception of new activities such as the setting up of the
field laboratory and the publication of the Conservation
16
Manuals, considering their usefulness for the daily field
work in Pagan.
ANNEX 1
Diary of the mission
7-12-91
Arrival in Bangkok
10-12-91
Meeting with R. Lujan and P. Pagnin
12-12-91
Meeting with Dr. Khan, UNESCO RACAP and
J. Sanday
14-12-91
Travel to Yangon
16/20-12-91
Meetings at UNDP and Department of
Archaeology
21-12-91
Travel to Pagan - field work
22-12-91
All consultants' meeting with the DirectorGeneral of the Department of Archaeology,
the Chairman of the Nyaung U TLORC,
J. Sanday and the Project Co-ordinators
24-12-91
Inspection of Nanpaya temple with P. Pagnin,
P. Gavrilovic, J.C. Yarmola, J. Sanday and
C. Manhart
3/7-01-92
Inspections on work-sites with Public Works
engineer, Archaeological Research Officers,
P. Gavrilovic and J.C. Yarmola
20-01-92
Slide projection on conservation project in
Asia to staff members of Department of
Archaeology and Public Works
18
21-01-92
Travel to Yangon
22/24-01-92
Travel to Bangkok
30-01-92
Meeting with Dr. Khan, UNESCO RACAP,
Bangkok
ANNEX 2
List of persons contacted
Department of Archaeology, Yangon :
U Than Maung, Director-General
U Nyunt Han, Assistant Director, National Project
Co-ordinator
U Aye Ko, photogrammetry engineer
U Ye Myint, draughtsman
Department of Archaeology, Pagan :
U Aung Kyaing, Research Officer
U Ba Tint, Special Advisor
U Aye Maung, Conservation Assistant
U Myo Nyunt, Assistant Engineer
Public Works, Pagan :
Daw Tin Nwe Aye, Assistant engineer, Special Restoration Unit
Yangon Institute of Technology, Yangon
U Lwin Aung, Professor in Architecture
U Cho Oo, Assistant Lecturer in Architecture
Township L.O.R.C., Nyaung U
Major Aung Soe, Chairman
UNDP, Yangon :
Mr. G. Merrem, Resident Representative
Ms. F. Pansieri, Assistant Resident Representative
(Programmes)
U Hla Myint Hpu, Programme Officer
20
UNESCO :
Dr. I. Khan, RACAP, Bangkok
Mr. C. Manhart, Division of Cultural Heritage, Paris
British Embassy, Yangon:
Mr. Ralph Isaacs, Cultural Attache
French Embassy, Yangon:
Mr. Alain Briottet, Ambassador
Mr. Didier Maule, Cultural Attache
21
ANNEX
3
Project Missions
a.
implemented in 1991
R. Lujan
Painting and stucco
2-30 July 1991
conservation
P. Pichard
Project co-ordination
26 June - 9 Aug.
1991
R. Collins,
Cultural tourism
7-28 Oct. 1991
C. Manhart
UNESCO headguarters
12-27 Dec. 1991
R. Lujan
Painting and stucco
conservation
12 Dec. 1991 8 Feb. 1992
P. Pagnin
Stone conservation
12 Dec. 1991 2 Jan. 1992
J. Sanday
Master Plan
14 Dec. 1991 4 Jan. 1992
P. Pichard
Project co-ordination
14 Dec. 1991 25 Jan. 1992
D. Zarri
Painting and stucco
conservation
16 Dec. 1991 2 Jan. 1992
C. Giantomassi
Painting and stucco
conservation
16 Dec. 1991 2 Jan. 1992
G. Lipp
22
C. Yarmola
Gavrilovic
Masonry restoration
18 Dec. 1991
14 Jan. 1992
Seismic strengthening
22 Dec. 1991
19 Jan. 1992
scheduled for 1992
Nakagawa
Museum planner
1 m
May 1992
Lujan
Painting and stucco
2 m
July-Aug.
conservation
1992
Pichard
Project co-ordination
Invernizzi
Lujan
1.5 m
July-Aug.
1992
Photographer
3 w
Aug. 1992
Painting and stucco
2 m
Dec. 1992
conservation
Jan. 1993
Pagnin
Stone conservation
2 m
Dec. 1992
Jan. 1993
Pichard
Project co-ordina-
1.5 m
Dec. 1992
tion
Jan. 1993
23

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