Performance. Throughput. Reliability.

committed to science
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committed to technology
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molecular
[email protected]
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committed to science
Performance. Throughput. Reliability.
Technology is the Key!
Intelligent Solutions for
Sample Storage.
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Technology is the Key!
Microplates for Intelligent Sample Storage
Secure storage of samples and chemical substances is
a fundamental part of biology, medicine, and active
ingredient research. In addition to individual containers
such as Cryo.s™, reaction vessels, and test tubes,
microplates are frequently used for storing multiple
sample arrays. They provide a convenient, small and
standardised footprint and are readily handled by automated picking systems. Tissue samples, chemical substances, proteins, nucleic acids (DNA and RNA), and
other organisms (nematodes, yeast, and bacteria) can
be securely stored in microplates for long periods
of time.
Exceptional storage...
Compound libraries
Nucleic acids (DNA, RNA, plasmid, etc.)
Peptides, proteins
Tissue samples
Active ingredients
Organisms (yeast, bacteria, nematodes, etc.)
With a prearranged matrix, alphanumeric well coding,
and optional customised barcoding, microplates
facilitate optimum mapping and monitoring of samples,
even for large libraries of substances.
All about the Plastic
Polypropylene
Single-use items utilised for laboratory sample storage
are often made of polypropylene. Polypropylene is a
partially crystalline substance with outstanding chemical
and physical properties. Semi-transparent, it is resistant
to many commonly used laboratory chemicals as well as
highly resistant to cold and heat.
Cycloolefins
In recent years, cycloolefins have been gaining popularity for use in sample storage microplate manufacture.
They are characterised by high clarity, transparency,
rigidity, heat resistance, dimensional stability, low
moisture absorption, and purity. Cycloolefins have a
similar chemical structure to polyolefins, such as
polypropylene and polyethylene. The transparency,
DMSO resistance, and high degree of purity of cycloolefins render a well-suited material for microplate
manufactures (Tab.1).
Since the advent of sophisticated technologies such as
acoustic liquid dispensing, cycloolefin microplates have
become increasingly important, especially for use in
active pharmaceutical ingredient research.
Polypropylene
(PP)
Cycloolefin
(COC/COP)
Polystyrene
(PS)
Temperature
stability



Breakage
resistance



Chemical
resistance






Transparency
Table 1: Material resistance of polypropylene and cycloolefin compared to polystyrene. A chemical resistance chart for various materials is
contained within the Greiner Bio-One catalogue (Technical Appendix).
This table is a general guide only. As many factors can affect the
chemical resistance of a given product, its suitability for a specific
application should be tested.
Barcodes facilitate organisation
2
Performance
Microplates for Acoustic Liquid Handling
The latest technology utilises acoustic energy to transfer
the smallest amounts of liquid from a storage plate into
an assay plate (Fig. 1). The benefits: the method is rapid,
extremely precise, reduces cost, and prevents
cross-contamination.
For accurate and precise acoustic liquid handling, the
storage or source microplate must perform an entirely
new function: the microplate well bottoms must enable
a uniform transfer of acoustic energy with as little
restraint as possible.
Data and Facts
Manufactured under strict production
specifications with low tolerances
Excellent for automation
Individual bar coding on request
May be used in both compound storage and
screening assay applications
Deionised, antistatic packaging
Acoustic Liquid Handling Systems
Presently there are two acoustic liquid handling systems
commercially available. The ATS-100 manufactured by
EDC Biosystems Inc. is quite flexible, as it can be readily configured to allow use of a wide range of compound
storage microplate manufactures (Fig. 2a).
ATS-100 Acoustic Liquid Handling System
EDC Biosystems Inc., Fremont, CA, USA
Figure. 1: Principle of acoustic liquid handling (acoustic
droplet ejection): The source microplate is positioned above the instrument acoustic
transducer, and the recipient target assay microplate is positioned
upside-down directly above the source microplate. The transducer
transmits acoustic energy through the well bottom of a compound
storage (source) microplate to induce formation of small liquid droplet.
The expended energy is the exact amount needed to transfer the
droplet to the target well bottom of the recipient assay microplate.
Once transferred, the droplet remains attached within the upside-down
recipient assay microplate well bottom due to surface tension.
1536 Well COC Storage Plate | Cat.-No. 782 855
384 Well PP Storage Plate | Cat.-No. 781 201-906
384 Well UV-Star ® Microplate | Cat.-No. 781 801
384 Well Small VolumeTM UV-Star ® Microplate
Cat.-No. 788 876
96 Well UV-Star ® Microplate | Cat.-No. 655 801
Figure 2a: Compatible storage microplates for ATS-100 acoustic liquid
handling system
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Greiner Bio-One cycloolefin UV-Star® microplates
feature a thin 135 µm film bottom, which demonstrates
excellent performance for acoustic liquid transfers within
the ATS-100, especially because of their low dead
volume. UV-Star® microplates are available in different
formats, surface treated upon request.
In contrast, the Labcyte Echo® system is standardised to
use specific solid bottom microplates, generally
pre-configured within the instrument (Fig. 2b).
Microplate Design
The 1536 well cycloolefin compound storage microplate
was designed with a tapered, flat bottom well to reduce
dead volume (Fig. 4). The microplate top features a
smooth surface without alphanumeric coding to facilitate
automation and heat sealing (Fig. 5). With the standard
10.4 mm height of a 1536 well microplate, the new
1536 well cycloolefin compound storage microplate is
easy to integrate with existing HTS systems (Tab. 2).
5,15
Labcyte Inc., Sunnyvale, CA, USA
1536 Well COC Storage Plate | Cat.-No. 782 855
384 Well PP Storage Plate | Cat.-No. 781 201-906
384 Well Small Volume™ COC Storage Plate |
Cat.-No. 793 855
Further microplates after approval by Labcyte Inc.
Figure 2b: Compatible storage microplates for Echo® acoustic liquid
handling system
10,4
Echo® Acoustic Liquid Handling System
1,34
Figure 4: Well design of the 1536 well cycloolefin storage microplate
(cat.-no. 782 855)
Accuracy in Acoustic Liquid Handling
In cooperation with the pharmaceutical industry, Greiner
Bio-One developed a 1536 well cycloolefin compound
storage plate (cat.-no. 782 855) to fulfill the technical
needs of this system. The homogeneity and the reproducibility of acoustic liquid transfers within this source
microplate was monitored and proven in several realtime tests (Fig. 3).
Figure 5: The 1536 well compound storage microplate for acoustic
liquid handling features a smooth microplate top absent of alphanumeric coding to facilitate flush lid mounting and heat sealing
782 855
782 101
Well depth
5.15 mm
5.00 mm
Well diameter top
1.70 mm
1.70 mm
Cat.-No.
Well diameter bottom
Microplate height
1.34 mm
1.53 mm
10.40 mm
10.40 mm
Table 2: Well geometry of the 1536 well compound storage microplate
(cat.-no. 782 855) in comparison to a standard 1536 well
PS microplate
Figure 3: Transfer of 20 and 2.5 nl Tartrazine-DMSO-solution
(50 mmol / l) from the new Greiner Bio-One 1536 well cycloolefin
compound storage microplate into 384 and 1536 well assay microplates. Measurement of optical density for evaluation of the precision of
the transfer process. The graph shows mean and standard deviation.
4
Well profile
Product
3D
H
D
Ø1
Ø2
V1
V2
96 Well UV-Star® (COC)
Film Bottom
suited for ATS-100
(EDC Biosystems, Inc.)
Cat.-No. 655 801
14.4 mm
10.9 mm
6.96 mm
6.58 mm 25 - 340 µl
392 µl
14.4 mm
11.5 mm
3.7 mm
3.3 mm 15 - 110 µl
131 µl
7.5 mm
5.5 mm
3.3 mm
14.4 mm
11.5 mm
3.8 mm
10.9 mm
5.5 mm
3.3 mm
1.84 mm
4 - 25 µl
28 µl
10.4 mm
5.15 mm
1.7 mm
1.34 mm
1 - 10 µl
12 µl
11.2 mm
6.5 mm
1.7 mm
1.47 mm
1 - 14 µl
16 µl
384 Well UV-Star® (COC)
Film Bottom
suited for ATS-100
(EDC Biosystems, Inc.)
Cat.-No. 781 801
384 Well Small Volume™ (COC)
Film Bottom
suited for ATS-100
(EDC Biosysytems, Inc.)
Cat.-No. 788 876
1.84 mm
4 - 25 µl
28 µl
3.6 mm 15 - 145 µl
152 µl
384 Well (PP)
suited for ATS-100
(EDC Biosystems, Inc.) and
Echo® (Labcyte Inc.)
Cat.-No. 781 201 - 906
384 Well Small Volume™ (COC)
Solid Bottom
suited for ATS-100 (EDC Biosysytems,
Inc.) and Echo® (Labcyte Inc.)
Cat.-No. 793 855
1536 Well (COC) F-Bottom
suited for ATS-100
(EDC Biosystems, Inc.) and
Echo® (Labcyte Inc.)
Cat.-No. 782 855
1536 Well (COP)
suited for ATS-100
(EDC Biosystems, Inc.) and
Echo® (Labcyte Inc.)
Cat.-No. 792 870-906
H = height of plate • D = well depth • Ø1 = diameter of well top • Ø2 = diameter of well bottom • V1 = working volume • V2 = total volume
The rights to the name of the listed manufacturers are held by the companies above.
5
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Throughput
384 Well and 1536 Well Polypropylene Plates
strict test criteria, and continuous product controls
ensure a continuous quality to eliminate failures, facilitating uniform, consistent, and reproducible results.
Greiner Bio-One provides various solutions for technically
challenging, scientific questions that require parallel
analysis of sample arrays. Microplates with portrait
orientation, such as 384 well or 1536 well formats, are
chiefly used in automated processes where failures
caused by poor plate quality can lead to high costs.
Data and Facts
Manufactured from medical-grade PP
Excellent for automation
Temperature stability (-196 °C to +121 °C)
Well-suited for heat seals and adhesive films
Alphanumeric well-coding
Applications for use in storage or assay
Customised barcoding performed upon request
Greiner Bio-One 384 and 1536 well microplates are
designed to allow simultaneous, rapid and efficient analysis of multiple targets under identical conditions. Virgin
raw materials, precision engineering and pristine manufacture result in exceptional microplate integrity and
flatness. Elimination of variances, stringent tolerances,
Well profile
Product
3D
H
D
Ø1
Ø2
V1
V2
384 Well Microplate F-Bottom
Cat.-No. 781 201 | 781 207 | 781 209
14.4 mm
11.5 mm
3.8 mm
3.6 mm
15 - 145 µl
152 µl
14.4 mm
11.5 mm
3.8 mm
3.8 mm
13 - 120 µl
130 µl
22 mm
19.3 mm
3.8 mm
3.8 mm
20 - 225 µl
240 µl
14.4 mm
11.5 mm
3.8 mm
1.52 mm
1 - 90 µl
107 µl
10.4 mm
7.6 mm
1.7 mm
1.7 mm
3 - 15 µl
18 µl
384 Well Microplate V-Bottom
Cat.-No. 781 280 | 781 287 | 781 289
384 Deep Well
MASTERBLOCK®
Cat.-No. 781 270 | 781 271
384 Deep Well Small
Volume™ Microplate
Cat.-No. 784 201
1536 Deep Well Microplate
Cat.-No. 782 270
H = height of plate • D = well depth • Ø1 = diameter of well top • Ø2 = diameter of well bottom • V1 = working volume • V2 = total volume
6
Reliability
96 Well Polypropylene Plates
Polypropylene is biologically inert, exhibits low binding
characteristics, high temperature tolerance, and is chemically resistant. This enables applications that use more
extreme conditions to be performed.
With unsurpassed quality manufacture, Greiner Bio-One’s
96 well polypropylene microplate formats are ideal for applications where enhanced resistance and volumes are
required, to include storage of active ingredients, biomolecules, and tissue samples, as well as automated fractioncollection. The MASTERBLOCK® feature extended well
volumes for large sample sizes or repeated serial dilutions.
Data and Facts
Manufactured from medical-grade PP
Excellent for automation
Temperature stability (-196 °C to +121 °C)
Well-suited for heat seals, CapMats, and
adhesive films
Alphanumeric well-coding
Applications for use in storage or assay
Customised barcoding performed upon request
Well profile
Product
3D
H
D
Ø1
Ø2
V1
V2
27 mm
23.3 mm
7 mm
7 mm
0.03 - 0.65 ml
0.78 ml
41.5 mm
38.2 mm
7 mm
7 mm
0.05 - 1.1 ml
1.22 ml
44 mm
41 mm
8.2 mm
8.2 mm
0.1 - 2.1 ml
2.42 ml
14.6 mm
10.9 mm
6.96 mm
6.96 mm
50 - 300 µl
355 µl
14.6 mm
10.9 mm
6.96 mm
6.96 mm
50 - 335 µl
340 µl
14.6 mm
10.9 mm
6.96 mm
6.58 mm
25 - 370 µl
392 µl
0.5 ml MASTERBLOCK®
Cat.-No. 786 201 | 786 261
1 ml MASTERBLOCK®
Cat.-No. 780 201 | 780 215 | 780 261
2 ml MASTERBLOCK®
Cat.-No. 780 270 | 780 271 | 780 285
96 Well Microplate U-Bottom
Cat.-No. 650 201 | 650 261 | 650 207
| 650 209
96 Well Microplate V-Bottom
Cat.-No. 651 201 | 651 209
96 Well Microplate F-Bottom
Cat.-No. 655 201 | 655 207 | 655 209
H = height of plate • D = well depth • Ø1 = diameter of well top • Ø2 = diameter of well bottom • V1 = working volume • V2 = total volume
7
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Sealing of Microplates in Long Term Workflows
A Brief Overview and Guideline
Compound stores usually have been collected over
years and contain thousands of sometimes irreplaceable
samples. They represent a high commercial value and
their tight and long term sealing and protection is a
major requirement.
CapMats
In principle plates can be sealed using:
Microplate Lids
Heat Sealing
Lids and CapMats
For workflows in High-Throughput Screening and all
applications involving long term or cold storage, the
methods using lids or CapMats are not appropriate, as
lids will not seal tightly and CapMats cannot readily be
handled in automation.
Adhesive Sealers
Adhesive Sealers
The use of adhesive seals can be used if storage conditions are not too harsh in terms of cold temperature and
duration and the plates do not contain aggressive
solvents. Adhesive seals have the advantage of leaving
the plate undamaged.
However, adhesive sealing may not be sufficient in long
term storage at, or below - 20 °C. Adhesives could dry
out and sealing will be compromised. Furthermore, DMSO
and alcohols have the potential to dissolve adhesives allowing substances to potentially leach out into the sample.
8
Heat Sealing
Heat sealing is widely acknowledged as the gold standard for long term and secure sealing, especially at low
temperatures. A wide selection of materials exist which
demonstrate excellent chemical resistance and allow
different ways of re-access to the samples, such as
piercing and peeling, without leaving traces of adhesive.
Sealing materials are available to seal all plate materials,
including polypropylene, polystyrene and cycloolefins.
This way, any workflow can be reflected in terms of
sealing, incubation and re-access.
experiment using a 1536 well COC compound storage
microplate (cat.-no. 782 855) and the A4S™ Roll Sealer
from 4titude® Ltd. (www.4ti.co.uk). The sealing material
was 100 % DMSO resistant “peel seal” giving good
results on microplates manufactured of polystyrene,
polypropylene and cycloolefins.
When using a plate for the first time, sealing conditions need to be established to give the right
balance between complete sealing and optimal
preservation of the plate. Sealing conditions can be
established quickly and reproducibly if a sealer is used
showing high sealing pressure, precise control of temperature and excellent flatness. Once established, protocols can be stored and reused.
Checking both the plate and the seal for the diameter of the wells after sealing gives an indication of well
damage if the plate has been oversealed. Well diameter
must be still wide enough to give good access for
robotic needles.
Establishment of Sealing Conditions
In Figure 6, we present the results of such an initial
sealed microplate
Temperature
172 °C
Time
1s
Temperature
172 °C
Time
2s
Temperature
180 °C
The results show:
Peeling of the seal and checking the pattern of the
rims in outer positions gives a good indication of completeness of sealing: No open rims must occur.
Trials are started best at 175 °C for 2 sec. If outer
positions are poorly sealed, temperature must be slightly increased. If well diameter is narrowed, the temperature must be lowered.
pattern of the rims
Comment
With 172 °C and 1 seconds sealing time
mild conditions
no warpage or damage to plate
some outer positions show imperfect sealing
With 172 °C and 2 seconds sealing time
mild conditions
no warpage or damage to plate
some positions show imperfect sealing
With 180 °C and 2 seconds sealing time
complete sealing
no warpage or damage to plate
Time
2s
Temperature
180 °C
Time
4s
With 180 °C and 4 seconds sealing time
complete sealing
Narrowing of well diameter may
obstruct pipetting with tips
Figure 6: Establishment of sealing conditions on a 1536 well COC Microplate (Cat.-No. 782 855)
9
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So That Nothing Gets Lost
HTS Sample Management
Customised Microplate Barcode Services
When large quantities of samples and information are
being processed, automated identification offers much
needed organisation as means of sample / assay
management. This is especially important for applications in High-Throughput Screening. Maximise time-effi-
ciency and reduce the risk of manual transcription errors
with barcoded microplates from Greiner Bio-One.
Combining product excellence with superior value,
customised barcoding provides another quality service
to our HTS customers.
We will provide solutions
to your questions!
Don’t lose track!
An Overview of Greiner Bio-One Storage Plates
96 Well Polypropylene Microplates
Well profile
Sterile
Colour
Cat.-No.
Quantity
per bag/case

650 201
10/100

650 261
10/100
650 207
10/100
650 209
10/100
natural



clear

white
black



655 201
10/100
655 207
10/100

655 209
10/100
651 201
10/100

651 209
10/100
Cat.-No.
Quantity
per bag/case

786 201
8/80

786 261
1/80


780 201
1/50


780 215
5/50

780 261
1/50

780 270
1/50

780 271
1/50

780 285
5/50








96 Well MASTERBLOCK®
Well profile
Sterile
Colour
natural
clear
white
black
Volume 0.5 ml



Volume 1 ml


Volume 2 ml



10

Don’t lose track!
An Overview of Greiner Bio-One Storage Plates
384 and 1536 Well Polypropylene Microplates
Well profile
Sterile
Colour
Cat.-No.
Quantity
per bag/case
781 201
10/100
781 207
10/100
781 209
10/100

781 270
6/60

781 271
6/60

781 280
10/100
781 287
10/100
natural
clear
white
black
384 Well






1

1




781 289
10/100

784 201
10/100

782 270
15/60
Cat.-No.
Quantity
per bag/case
655 801
10/40
781 201-906
10/100
781 801
10/40
788 876
10/80

793 855
15/60

782 855
15/60
792 870-906
15/60


1,2
1536 Well
1
Special Forms – Acoustic Liquid Handling
Well profile
Sterile
Colour
natural
clear
white
black
96 Well UV-Star® (COC)


384 Well Compound Storage Plate (PP)


384 Well UV-Star ® (COC)


2,3


384 Well Compound Storage Plate (COC)
2
1536 Well Compound Storage Plate (COC)

1536 Well Compound Storage Plate (COP) Novartis Design / Low Evaporation


 Deep Well Plate  Small Volume™ Design  surface treated plates available on request
1
2
3
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