Identifying the expressions of ecological self

Identifying the expressions of ecological self-awareness in children with PIMD*
Development of an experimental observation setting *
Juliane$Dind$
Ins0tut$de$Pédagogie$Cura0ve,$Université$de$Fribourg,$Switzerland$
Supervisor:$Pr.$Dr.$Geneviève$Pe0tpierre$
Introduc)on*
Situation-based list
Method*
Despite the fact that self-awareness is a
central topic in developmental and cognitivist
psychology, it is rarely problematized in
research on PIMD.
Nevertheless, it is essential to understand
better how these children build their
perception of themselves and of the
world. Few tools are available for
professionals; the part left to the subjective
interpretation of their pupil’s behavior is high.
The ecological self-awareness (ESA) is the
first sense of self developed by infants
(Rochat, 1995):
Permission to do this research has been
obtained from the ethics committee on
r e s e a r c h o f t h e C a n t o n d e Va u d
(Switzerland).
Grid of items deriving from various scales
including:
!  five subscales (corresponding to the
dimensions of the ESA)
!  a mix of eliciting and natural situations
!  a description of critical and non-critical
behaviors in each item
Participants
Experimental observations
!  26 children with PIMD (SIRG-PIMD,
2001)*
!  4-12 years old
!  well-known by their special education
teachers (since minimum one year)
Experimental situations inspired by
studies on the development of selfawareness in infancy:
!  respecting methodological paradigms
such as habituation, paired
comparison, contingency
!  soliciting diverse sensorial modalities
!  strictly controlled
Ethics
Procedure
Diﬀeren0ated$$
$
Animated$
Organized$
Percep0on$of$
one’s$body$as:$
Ac0ve$$
Situated$
Step 1:
!  6 children
!  improvement of the situation-based list
!  i m p r o v e m e n t o f t h e e x p e r i m e n t a l
observations’ protocol
Step 2:
!  20 children
hfg$
!  data collection
Before S1 and S2, the alertness profile of
each child is done (Vlaskamp et al, 2010).
Encoding
!  dichotomous scoring of the items (yes/
no if the critical behavior is present/
absent)
!  addition of the item’s scores in order to
obtain the raw scores of each subscale
!  conversion of the raw scores into
quartiles scores
Analysis of the data
Ecological self-awareness (ESA)
Each session is videotaped.
Material
Ques)ons*
•  Is it possible to develop an observation
setting which could allow to identify
indicators of ESA in children with PIMD?
•  How does ESA manifest itself in children
with PIMD?
Aims*
•  To create an observation setting of
ecological self-awareness indicators
adapted to PIMD
•  To test the validity of these indicators
Data will be gathered from two sources :
Situa0onK
based$list$
Experimental$
observa0ons$
Elicited$situa0ons$
Adapted$from$
developmental$
research$in$infancy$
Natural$situa0ons$
Based$on$
habitua0on,$
paired$comparison$
paradigms$
*
*" Deﬁni(on" of" PIMD" (SIRG2
PIMD,"2001):""
!  profound"mental"disabili(es""
!  p r o f o u n d " n e u r o m o t o r"
dysfunc(ons""
!  frequent""sensory"impairments"
*
!  intra-individual level: comparison of the
scores of the list and of the results of
the experimental observations
!  inter-individual level: the profiles of
ESA will be compared
!  verification of the inter-observer
agreement
!  verification of the internal and external
validity
Expected*Results*
* will be described
!  diverse profiles of ESA
!  these profiles will correspond to the
theoretical description of self-awareness in
PIMD in the scientific literature (Saulus, 2009)
!  indicators of ESA will be highlighted
References*
Rochat, P. (Ed.). (1995). The Self in Infancy. Theory and
Research. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science B.V.
Saulus, G. (2009). Le concept d’éprouvé d'existence.
Contribution à une meilleure lecture des particularités
psychodéveloppementales du polyhandicap. In S. KorffSausse (Ed.), La vie psychique des personnes
handicapées. Ce qu’elles ont à dire, ce que nous avons à
entendre (pp. 29–44). Toulouse: Editions Eres.
SIRG-PIMD. (2001). Newsletter Special Interest Research
Group “Individuals with Profound Multiple Disabilities.”
Newsletter SIRG-PIMD. Retrieved from https://iassid.org/
pmddap
Vlaskamp, C., Fonteine, H., Tadema, A., & Munde, V. (2010).
Manual for the “Alertness in people with profound
intellectual and multiple disabilities” checklist. Groningen,
Netherlands: Stichting Kinderstudies. Open access
document.
[email protected] - Université de Fribourg – Institut de Pédagogie Curative

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