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Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research 20 (12): 1929-1931, 2014
ISSN 1990-9233
© IDOSI Publications, 2014
DOI: 10.5829/idosi.mejsr.2014.20.12.979
Price Successful Portable Ventilator
S. Geetha, M. Sundarraj and S. Deepak
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Bharath University, India
Abstract: Respiratory arrest is one if the most urgent of medical emergencies. Artificial respiration should,
therefore, be applied whenever respiration is suspended, from any cause, e.g., drowning, gas poisoning,
electric shock, anesthesia, accidents and poliomyelitis. It is a life saving measure and everyone should be
acquainted with the simple procedure of administering artificial respiration. The object of artificial respiration
is to ventilate the alveoli with air and also to stimulate the respiratory centers to renewed activity. The ventilator
is equipment, which gives artificial ventilation for the patients to maintain the respiration during surgeries.
The portable ventilator is a smaller, more versatile and more sophisticated. Features and characteristics that
are important to portable ventilators are efficiency (power and gas supply), reliability, durability, ease of use,
safety and monitoring. Gas delivery systems have improved making it easier for the patient to breath and more
efficient for the ventilator to operate. Monitoring and alarming of important patient variables have improved
and become more easily accessed and understood by the user. Power systems have become more reliable and
efficient.
Key words: Respiratory arrest is one if the most urgent of medical emergencies
INTRODUCTION
Respiration is defined as the exchange of gases
between an organism and an environment [1]. All living
organisms require a continuous and adequate supply of
oxygen for cellular metabolic activity, carbon dioxide
which is gaseous waste product of metabolism, must also
be continually removed to prevent the deleterious effects
of it accumulation [2]. All the physiological process that
contributes to the uptake of oxygen and elimination of
carbon dioxide constitute respiration. In small single
celled organism gaseous exchange is achieved by a simple
process of diffusion between the cell and its surrounding
fluid environment with which it is in immediate contact [3].
In the higher form of life, the number of cells are large and
the immediate surrounding of the cell is the tissue fluid
which is far removed from the external environment and
hence anatomical adaptations have occur to facilitate the
process of respiration. These developments have been
along two lines. More and more diffusing surface has
been provided so that the exchange between the
environments becomes easier [4]. An extraordinarily
efficient transport system in the shape of cardiovascular
apparatus was designed to carry the respiratory gases to
affect exchange between external and internal
environment [5].
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The patient circuit is divided into aspiratory limb,
the patient wyes, expiratory limb, inhalation fillers,
humidifiers, nebulizer, centrifugal nebulizer, exhalation
filters etc are used for their modifications. The operation
of power board along with DC operation and system
switching [6]. The technique words used are EPROM,
RAM, CPU, LCD, NOVRAM, ADC, LED and DIP. The
internal battery charger is LM 350 adjustable regulation.
Bacterial Filters: High-efficiency bacterial filters in the
breathing circuit, on both the inspiratory and expiratory
limbs of the ventilator circuit, should be used. Filters
should be used on the inspiratory limb to eliminate
inspired gas contamination and theoretically, to reduce
retrograde contamination of the ventilator. However, there
Corresponding Author: S. Geetha, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Bharath University, India.
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Middle-East J. Sci. Res., 20 (12): 1929-1931, 2014
is no substantiated decrease in pneumonia rates with
inspiratory-limb filtration. Filters may change the
operating characteristics of the ventilator by impeding
high gas flows.Bacterial filters should not be placed on
the inspiratory limb between the humidifier and the
patient.
Filters and water traps should be used on the
expiratory limb to help prevent cross contamination.
Heat Moisture Exchangers: One approach used to heat
and humidity inspired gas and reduce condensate
formation is the HME, which provides passive
humidification. This device is placed between the
ventilator circuit and the patient’s airway. An HME
absorbs the humidity and heat from a patient’s exhaled
air and stores that heat and moisture. Upon inhalation,
the cold, dry gas from the ventilator passes through the
HME picking up the heat and moisture carrying it back
to the patient. HMEs designed to act as bacterial filters
have not been proven to reduce VAP significantly over
other less-expensive devices.HMEs can increase
mechanical dead space and resistance to breathing and
may provide less humidity than active systems, resulting
in thick, plugging secretions in some patients. To be
effective, more than 70% of the gas entering the airway
must be exhaled through the HME; when leaks occur
(e.g., bronco pulmonary fistulas or with cuffless endo
tracheal tubes), active humidification systems are more
effective.The HME should be changed if there is gross
contamination or mechanical dysfunction. There are no
guidelines regarding the length of time an HME may be
used before changing. Resistive changes often occur in
the first several hours of use and do not appear to
increase during subsequent days of use, unless the
device is grossly contaminated with secretions.
Extended use has not been associated with increase in
VAP or problems with secretions. Often results in an
automatic assumption that the ventilator itself is an
associated factor. Rarely is the equipment (e.g., ventilator)
an associated factor, but it is prudent to have
standardized approaches to ventilator care and
disinfection. The following points should be considered
in policy development and patient care activities:Use a
heat moisture exchanger (HME) for the first 4 days of
ventilation.
Change ventilator circuits every 7-14 days unless
visibly soiled normal functioning.Use sterile water to fill
humidifiers. Tap water or distilled water can harbor
organisms such as Legionella spp. or Burkholderia
cepacia.Use clean gloves to drain condensate and wash
or sanitize hands after removal of gloves. This is an
important issue since healthcare workers’ hands can
spread microorganisms from the condensate. Drain
condensate regularly. Do not allow it to flow toward the
patient. Accumulated condensate provides a moist
environment that allows bacteria to thrive. Use clean
gloves when suctioning patients with closed or open
system catheters. Wash hands or use alcohol-based
hand rubs after contact with any part of the ventilator,
Keyboard, knobs, dials, etc., are all considered to be
contaminated equipment and capable of being involved
in organism transmission.
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
As are result of developing a new portable ventilator
which is small more versatile and more sophisticated.
Features and characteristics of portable ventilator are
efficiency, reliability, durability, affordability, ease of
use, safety and monitoring [7]. Gas delivery systems have
also improved making it easier for the patient to breath
and more efficient for the ventilator to operate 6.
Monitoring and alarming of important patient
variable have improved and become easier accessed
and understood by the user. It consists of battery which
will work up to 6 hrs so that power systems have become
more reliable and efficient. Respiratory arrest is one of
the most urgent of medical emergencies [8]. Artificial
respiration should therefore be applied when ever
respiration is suspended from any cause. E.g. drowning,
gas poisoning, electric shock, anesthesia, accidents and
poliomyelitis [9]. The cerebral cortex cannot survive for
longer than 3 to 5 minutes without oxygen, hence speed
is vital and resuscitation must be started without any
delay and before the heart muscle fails [10]. The object of
Fig 1: Block Diagram
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Middle-East J. Sci. Res., 20 (12): 1929-1931, 2014
REFERENCES
1.
Fig 2: Circuit Design
artificial respiration is to ventilate the alveoli with air and
also to stimulate the respiratory centers to renewed
activity.
CONCLUSION
The new portable ventilator has wide advantage in
order to make easier for medical professional and to
save the lives. This is cost effective ventilator, which is
economically possible for the development, also this
leads to the available of ventilator increases mainly in
the ambulatory service and in health clinics. Ventilators
are life supporting equipments; hence it should be
available in all urban heath centers and clinics, so that
first aid will be given to patients to save the lives.
The end result is that we should not judge a
mechanical ventilator by its size, rather its capabilities.
This new portable ventilator possesses capabilities and
characteristics that challenge that of their smaller and
more expensive ICU counter parts. By using portable
medical respirator ventilators, you can also move your
patient easily from room to room or from procedure to
procedure. This way, the doctor can still attempt to
diagnose their condition to retest to see whether there is
any improvement. Ideally, the patient should not be using
the medical respiratory ventilator forever, just for the
time it takes for their lungs to become strong enough
to handle the rigors of breathing on their own.
The lightweight design also helps to improve the
portability by making it easier for you as the caregiver to
adjust the ventilator or to move it to another position.
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