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IJAEA, Volume 1, Issue 2, pp.28-31 (2008)
DESIGN OF CONFINED TREATMENT FOR PYRO TECHNIC
WASTE WITH CALCIUM OXIDE SCRUBBING
R. Janakiraman.a, M. Vasirajab
a
II M.E., Industrial safety engineering , Mepco Schlenk Engineering College Sivakasi.
b
Lecturer, Mechanical Engineering Department, Mepco Schlenk Engineering College Sivakasi
(Corresponding email:
[email protected]
Phone: +91 9486088314)
Abstract
Fireworks industry is the back bone of Sivakasi. There are nearly 510 fire works units in and around
Sivakasi. They use conventional method for disposing the fire work wastes either open type or pit
disposal. This causes environmental pollution and accidents. We have developed a working model to
dispose the hazardous solid wastes that are obtained from the fireworks industry.
It consists of a Confined burning facility in which the explosive wastes are made to burn. The burnt
gases are made to pass through the scrubber with the help of the draught system. For withstanding high
temperature, explosive force and pressure caused during the burning of the explosive wastes.
The level of pollutant concentration and accidents are reduced by means of confined burning. As the
explosive wastes are burnt in small quantities, the process is safe. The most significant thing about this
setup is that we have obtained continuous feeding of the solid wastes which reduces the human
intervention. The exhaust gases coming out the scrubber is analyzed by means of Orsat Apparatus. This
determines the reduction of CO2 gases after scrubbing. The concentration of SO2 and SPM are also
reduced by means of scrubbing.
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Air pollution has emerged as one of the most
The air is highly polluted in the terms of
threatening problems of twentieth century. Air
SPM, NOx, SOx and CO2. Hazardous waste
pollution is no longer a problem of urban
treatment and
centres but has pervaded to even remote areas.
Developing countries are currently facing a
handling is the subject that requires priority of
much serious air pollution compared to their
the attention before they are disposed to the
western counterparts.
environment. Disposal of solid waste in the
environment creates innumerable problem. A
The air is the mixture of several gases
good undertaking of the process involved in
comprising primarily of nitrogen, oxygen,
the creation of the waste is must. Waste
carbon-di-oxide
gases.
minimization goals are both necessary and
Nitrogen forms the main bulk of volume the air
desirable. But most manufacturing operation
with the concentration of the nearly 78%
will still create waste products that will
together with 21%. Average human requires
ultimately need to undergo treatment to destroy
12Kg of air each day, which is nearly 12-15
the waste and to render them harmless to the
times higher than the food we take in.
environment. Characterization of the waste is
and
certain
inert
important for hazardous waste management.
Identification and characterization is to provide
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IJAEA, Volume 1, Issue 2, pp.28-31 (2008)
useful
information
primarily
about
the
1.1 CONVENTIONAL METHOD
There are nearly 510 fireworks industries in
and around Sivakasi, so there is huge
environment pollution. The waste disposal is
done daily, as it is hazardous to store the waste
for more than a day. The wastes from various
units are collected which mainly composes of
enormous quantity of Chorsa crackers, waste
from fuse manufacturing section and the waste
from finishing and packing units, paper waste
etc.
The two methods of fireworks waste disposal
being followed currently are:
§ Open burning
§ Pit disposal
1.1.1 Open Burning:
This method involves the burning of waste in
open land, at a safe distance from the fireworks
unit. A skilled foreman oversees the entire
operation. Proper precautionary methods like
lengthy fuse for ignition water to quench the
waste are undertaken. A check is made if stray
cattle’s are around.The is normally made to a
length of 20m.Fire works personnal keep as a
safe distance from the disposal area.The fuel is
ignited.The fire works waste explodes with a
flame about 8m to 10m.Burning of this
remaining
follows
this
initial
explosion.Dangerous aspects include flight of
hissing rockets,flower plots etc.The whole
operation last for 15 minutes.A thick dense
smoke several meters high,this can be viewed
from a distance of 10 km water is sprayed over
the
waste,until
they
are
completely
quenched.This is done to protect surroundings.
chemical substances present in it.
1.1.3 Orsat Apparatus:
The arrangement of the orsat i used for my
project is shown below:
Orsat apparatus is used to quantify the
emissions of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide
and oxygen contents of stack gases. The
following procedure is followed to find the
content of co, co2, o2 of composition of
crackers flue gases which is collected in
Balloons. Water is filled in Levelling cup. The
levelling cup is connected with the Burette,
which is marked with 40 ml. Readings. Before
filling the levelling cup with water , three way
cork is closed as well the pipette corks are also
been closed.
Fig. 1: Orsat apparatus
Flue gases are directed to Orsat apparatus as
shown in figure.1. As soon as the flue gases
are released from the balloon then directed to
inside of the orsat apparatus. Initially i am
going to find the level of CO in the collected
flue-gases collected in the balloon. The CO is
1.1.2 Pit disposal:
The pit disposal method is not widely
used, in spite of being recommended by the
personnel department of explosives. The main
reason attributed to this are the smaller size of
the pit and the failure of the pit to thermal
stress. The pit is
built of the size 10* 10* 10 feet, as
recommended. The pit method is safer than the
open land
disposal, as it prevents fireworks waste from
coming out of the pit to some extent.
sent to the Cuprous Chloride
pipette. During that time the cuprous chloride
pipette cork is opened slowly. The contact
between the solution and the flue gases are
important since which is dependent to the
result. For getting the mixture of solution and
the flue gas, the
levelling cup is raised and lowered 15 to 25
times. Now the reading of the CO is measured
by me with the help of levelling gauge in the
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IJAEA, Volume 1, Issue 2, pp.28-31 (2008)
Burette. Then the cork is closed now. The
same procedure is being followed to find the
Power required by the pump
= (W * Q1 * h) / 75
Overall efficiency
value of Co2 & O2.
= 0.8
W = specific weight of water
= 1000kgf / m3
Assuming the velocity of flow in the pipe
= 0.5 m/s
Area of the pipe
= 5.067 * 10 ^ -4 m2
Total head, h
= 8m
Q1
Fig. 2:Orsat Apparatus with solutions
Sl.No
Flue Gas
Collected
= Discharge in m3 /sec
= Area * Velocity
Sample
from 100 ml Gas.
1.
Co
4
2.
Co2
25
3.
O2
5
Table.1:samples result
2. DESIGN PROCESS
2.1 Design of firework waste disposal system
Our design intent is to create a suitable
= 5.067 *10 ^ -4 0.5
= 2.5335 *10 ^ -4 m3 / s
2.1.2
FAN DESIGN:
Impeller size
Inner dia and outer dia determination
S = DN / 60
Where
m/sec
S
disposal system that will effectively burn the
Velocity
in
= Constant
fireworks waste and can withstand prolonged
application. This design is a challenge to burn
=
D
=
Effective
diameter in m
the wastes using this system that the pit land
N = Speed in rpm
disposal.
To find the number of blades:
Following components are defined
Z = 8.5 sin a2 / (1 –d/D)
·
Pump
·
Fan
Z = number of blades
·
Spray tower
Sin a2 = blade angle
·
Pipes and fittings
2.1.1
PUMP:
The required pump is designed by the
following method. The power required for a
pump can be determined by the formula.
Where
d= inner diameter in m
D= outer diameter in m
To find the mass flow rate:
M = A* V
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IJAEA, Volume 1, Issue 2, pp.28-31 (2008)
Where
M= mass flow rate in m3 /sec
A= 3.14 /4 * D2
D= Effective diameter in m
V = Velocity in m / sec
The various flue gases are analysed from
cracker combustion. The composition of
three main gases CO, CO2, O2 is identified by
Orsat apparatus. Then the proper hood is to
be designed to control the emission of CO2
.Calcium oxide chemical tower is placed
inside the hood with scrubber to control CO2.
2.1.3 Scrubber:
A spray tower arrangement is decided to be a
suitable technique to introduce the padding
exhaust gases through lime solution or water.
Hence recommended size of the tower was a
pipe with 5-1/2 inch diameter. Its length was
suggested to be 80 cm.
2.2 Specification of the systems
2.2.1 Fan(push and pull type)
RPM
= 1400
WATTS
= 60
VOLT
= 220/240
CURRENT
= AC 50HZ
PHASE
= SINGLE
AMPERE
= 36
4.0 REFERENCES
ü
Air pollution by M.N. Rao and
H.V.N. Rao[1].
ü
Burning of potassium permanganate
pyrotechnic compositions in closed
system,
michael
w.beck
and
michael.brown [2].
ü
Methods for measurement of air
pollution by BUREAU OF INDIAN
STANDARDS[3].
ü
Chemistry
for
Environmental
engineering
third
edition
clairN.sawyer
and
perry
L.McCarty[4].
ü
Enginering
jain[5].
2.2.2 Pump
HORSE POWER
= 0.25
SPEED
= 2880 rpm
DISCHARGE
= 20 * 20 mm
HIGH RANGE
= 8, 16 m
TYPE
= HSM 1002
HEAD
= 11 m
POWER INPUT
= 0.4 KW
CURRENT
= 2.04
chemistry,-
jain
and
3.0 RESULT AND DISCUSSION:
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