th
10 Symposium on CLADOCERA
Lednice, Czech Republic
28 September – 3 October 2014
Organized by
Department of Ecology, Charles University in Prague
Professional Conference Organizer
Supported by
Vinselekt Michlovský
Organisation Committee
Adam Petrusek
Veronika Sacherová
Petr Jan Juračka
Martin Černý
Tereza Petrusková
Special thanks for drawings: Zdeněk Ďuriš
Welcome
Dear colleagues,
welcome to Lednice, a heart of the Lednice-Valtice Cultural Landscape enlisted in the
UNESCO World Heritage List. The region is famous for its rich history, natural and
architectural beauties, and also for its wine. Others may rather know it as the place
an enigmatic Daphnia parasite Octosporea bayeri was described from. In early
autumn 2014, it becomes for one week the world’s capital of cladocerology. The
th
meeting’s logo blends some of the important reasons why to be here between 28
rd
September and 3 October...
th
The 10 Symposium on Cladocera returns to Central Europe, where the tradition of
meetings of professionals focusing on water fleas began almost 30 years ago. The
history of these symposia started in 1985 in Budapest, Hungary, less than 2.5 hour
drive from here. In 1989, just before the fall of the Iron Curtain, the second meeting
was organized in Tatranská Lomnica, Czechoslovakia. Now, 25 years later,
Czechoslovakia is a part of history but the symposium is back.
I have attended every SymCla meeting since the fifth one held in Plön, Germany, in
1999. It was my very first international conference, where I have learned—through
asking lots of questions—many new things about this fascinating group of organisms.
More importantly, I found out that even “celebrities” in our field are not ashamed of
a simple answer “I don’t know”, which often rather means “nobody knows”. This has
been a great inspiration for future research... I have always enjoyed the friendly
atmosphere of the relatively small SymCla meetings, during which anyone may find
time to talk to basically anyone else, be it a beginner student or a distinguished
professor, about science, life, universe and everything.
The standards have been set high by organizers of the previous symposia. We hope
that we will be able to match them, and that the south Moravian landscape, nature
and history will help us.
I am looking forward to asking you many more questions. Enjoy the meeting!
Adam Petrusek
1
General Information
Internet access
A WiFi network will be available at the conference hall as well as at most conference
hotels free of charge.
Food
Lunches and dinners will take place either in a large heated tent just next to the
conference hall, or – when joined with social activities – in the hall itself or in the My
Hotel ca 200 m away. The meals will be served in a buffet style, with sufficient choice
for both carnivores and vegetarians. Soft drinks (water, juices…) will be available for
free, beer and wine for a modest price. Evening activities will often be accompanied
by a local wine.
Mid-conference excursion
On Wednesday noon, the participants will receive lunch packages and will be shuttled
by bus either to the historical town of Mikulov or slighly further away to Klentnice in
the Pálava hills. The hiking party will take ca 7.5 km long trip across the hills
(elevation ca 320 m uphill, 400 m downhill), along medieval ruins, viewpoints,
wineyard and limestone quarry, ending up in Mikulov. The historical heritage party
will have a more time to roam through the town, visit the Mikulov Castle, Jewish
cemetary, or climb the Way of the Cross toward the Holy Hill with a pilgrim chapel
and splendid view of the town. In the late afternoon/evening, the buses will get the
participants back to Lednice.
More practical information can be found at the conference website:
http://www.cladocera2014.org/practicalities/
2
morning
afternoon
evening
lunch
talks
coffee break
poster talks
12:30 - 14
14 - 15:30
15:30 - 16
16 - 17:30
5
5
4
poster session 1
(& tastes of diversity )
talks
11 - 12:30
18 +
coffee break
opening,
talks
10:30 - 11
10 - 10:30
9 - 10
Monday
dinner, castle
talks
coffee break
talks
lunch
talks
coffee break
talks
keynote 1
Tuesday
5
5
5
2
dinner
folk music & wine
snack lunch
&
excursions
talks
coffee break
talks
Wednesday
5
5
gala dinner
optional:
Wine salon
closing & coffee
talks
talks
poster talks
poster session 2
(coffee)
3
4
4
coffee break (15' later)
talks
lunch
5
2
sleep
Friday
lunch
talks
coffee break
talks
keynote 2
Thursday
Programme
3
4
10:45 coffee
11:15 Friday mix (continued)
Christian Laforsch
Leonard V. Polishchuk
Jiří Macháček
Artem Y. Sinev
lunch
Last but not least
Slawek Cerbin
Franja Pajk
Veronika Sacherová
conference closing
coffee
coffee
Evolution (continued)
Mathilde Cordellier
Anne Thielsch
Johanna Griebel (S)
T. H. Haileselasie (S)
Alexey A. Kotov
lunch
Poster talks II.
coffee
coffee
Daphnia nightmares
Liron Goren (S)
Patrick Turko (S)
Andrzej Mikulski
Jaromir Seda
Tatiana S. Lopatina
lunch & excursion
coffee
Communities and diversity
Ioana Enache (S)
Jessie Engelen (S)
Petr Jan Juračka (S)
Sven Teurlincx (S)
Maciej Karpowicz (S)
lunch
Water fleas vs. Cyanobacteria
Sarma Nandini
Kai Lyu (S)
Anna Bednarska
Marcin Krzysztof Dziuba (S)
Lukasz Wejnerowski (S)
coffee
Afternoon varia
Natalia Kuczyńska-Kippen
Carlos Iglesias
Andros Gianuca (S)
Adam Petrusek
Bjørn Walseng
10:30 coffee
11:00 Predators and defenses
Howard Riessen
Max Rabus (S)
Kathrin Otte (S)
Eriv von Elert
Barbara Pietrzak
12:30 lunch
14:00 Food and feeding
Anja Wenzel
Anna Sikora (S)
Fernando Martínez-Jerónimo
Marcin Wojewodzic
Radka Ptáčníková
15:30 coffee
16:00 Poster talks I.
(S) = student talks
10:00 Friday mix
S.S.S. Sarma
Carolyn W. Burns
Nikolai Korovchinsky
Evolution
Piet Spaak
Lei Xu
Friday
Aging and longevity
Christoph Haag
Julia Mier-Jędrzejowicz (S)
Thursday
KEYNOTE 2
Michael Lynch
Wednesday
Systematics and diveristy
Alexey A. Kotov
Ekaterina V. Popova (S)
Henri Dumont
Martin Černý
Olga Boikova
Tuesday
KEYNOTE 1
Luc De Meester
Monday
09:00 Opening mix
conference opening
W. Gary Sprules
Piotr Bernatowicz
Katie Sirianni (S)
Xavier Karreman (S)
Programme
Programme
Monday September 29
1
Opening mix
9:00
conference opening
9:15
W. Gary Sprules
Are body size-based theories of food webs a heresy in cladocerology?
9:30
Piotr Bernatowicz
Does molecular clock regulate circadian locomotory activity of Daphnia
pulex?
9:45
Katie Sirianni (S)
Population dynamics in a rock-pool metacommunity
10:00 Xavier Karreman (S)
Using a virtual pond to study the adaptive value and ecological
consequences of diel vertical migration of zooplankton
Predators and defenses
11:00 Howard Riessen
Influence of Water Temperature on the Adaptive Landscape of Induced
Defenses in Daphnia
11:15 Max Rabus (S)
Uncovering hidden morphological defences in Daphnia magna –
An interdisciplinary approach to assess the predator induced fortification of
the carapace
11:30 Kathrin Otte (S)
Proteomic analysis reveals candidate proteins and signal pathways involved
in predator-induced plastic defensive response of Daphnia magna
11:45 Eric von Elert
Light intensity controls anti-predator defences in Daphnia
12:00 Barbara Pietrzak
The effect of temperature and fish kairomone on escape ability in Daphnia
Food and feeding
14:00 Anja Wenzel
Daphnia performance along food quantity gradients of algae mixed with
bacteria or allochthonous organic particles
14:15 Anna Sikora (S)
Are polyunsaturated fatty acid demands of Daphnia body-size dependent?
1
(S) = student speakers
5
Programme
14:30
14:45
15:00
Fernando Martínez-Jerónimo
Growth and reproduction of Daphnia curvirostris fed with autotrophic and
heterotrophic algae (Scenedesmus incrassatulus)
Marcin Wojewodzic
Seeking for Transgenerational Effects (Maternal Effects vs Epigenetics) of
Diet Quality in Clones – Ecophysiological and RNA-seq approaches
Radka Ptáčníková
Predation of Bythotrephes longimanus: experimental results of selectivity
and consumption
Tuesday September 30
9:00
2
Luc De Meester
Eco-evolutionary dynamics featuring Daphnia and cladoceran zooplankton
Aging and longevity
10:00 Christoph Haag
Contrasting patterns of life history evolution and ageing between small and
large populations of Daphnia magna
10:15 Julia Mier-Jędrzejowicz (S)
The effect of temperature on the longevity of female and male Daphnia
magna
Communities and diversity
11:00 Ioana Enache (S)
Diversity and distribution of Daphnia species across the Danube Delta lakes
11:15 Jessie Engelen (S)
Metropole Flanders: spatial and environmental determinants in cladoceran
community composition along an urbanization gradient in Flanders
11:30 Petr Jan Juračka (S)
Naturally heterogeneous landscape can effectively slow down dispersal of
aquatic microcrustaceans (cladocerans included)
11:45 Sven Teurlincx (S)
Connectivity as a driving force behind regional community structure of
cladocera metacommunities in highly connected linear water bodies in the
Netherlands
12:00 Maciej Karpowicz (S)
Biodiversity of crustacean zooplankton in lowland river ecosystem: influence
of dam reservoir on the spatial diversity patterns of local communities
2
(S) = student speakers
6
Programme
Water fleas vs. Cyanobacteria
14:00 Sarma Nandini
A review on the effect of cyanobacterial extracts on cladoceran demography
with data on Moina micrura and Diaphanosoma mongolianum from
L’Albufera Lake, Spain
14:15 Kai Lyu (S)
Exposure to non-toxic Microcystis promotes Daphnia rapid adaptation to
toxic Microcystis
14:30 Anna Bednarska
Joint effect of temperature and presence of filamentous cyanobacteria on
reproductive related traits of Daphnia magna
14:45 Marcin Krzysztof Dziuba (S)
To be smaller or not to be? A possibility for adaptation of Daphnia to
filamentous cyanobacteria in the face of global warming.
15:00 Lukasz Wejnerowski (S)
Morphological changes of filtering appendages and life history shifts of
Daphnia magna in the presence of cyanobacteria with varying thicknesses of
filaments
3
Afternoon varia
16:00 Natalia Kuczyńska-Kippen
Habitat requirements of crustaceans in pastoral small water bodies: the
effect of overshading and human impact
16:15 Carlos Iglesias
High frequency sampling reveals unexpectedly high cladoceran diversity
after fish structure change in a subtropical lake
16:30 Andros Gianuca (S)
Disentangling the role of body size and evolutionary history on cladoceran
grazing rates
16:45 Adam Petrusek
Water flea under the hoofs: escape reactions of puddle Daphnia in response
to mechanical disturbance
17:00 Bjørn Walseng
Child labour results in new records and common names for
microcrustaceans
3
(S) = student speakers
7
Programme
Wednesday October 1
4
Systematics and diveristy
9:00
Alexey A. Kotov
Recent state of taxonomy of the genus Daphnia O. F. Müller, 1785
(Anomopoda, Cladocera): a critical review
9:15
Ekaterina V. Popova (S)
A systematic revision of the Daphnia (Ctenodaphnia) similis group
(Crustacea: Cladocera) of the Holarctic.
9:30
Henri Dumont
Morphology, Phylogeny, and Biogeography of Diaphanosoma
(Branchiopoda: Ctenopoda)
9:45
Martin Černý
Diversity of the European Daphnia obtusa complex
10:00 Olga Boikova
The origin of Cladocera: a new approach to old problem
Daphnia nightmares
11:00 Liron Goren (S)
Is total castration optimal? Empirical evidence from a crustacean-bacterium
host-parasite system
11:15 Patrick Turko (S)
Long term evidence for Red Queen dynamics in a co-evolving Daphniaparasite system
11:30 Andrzej Mikulski
Maternal effect in salinity tolerance of Daphnia
11:45 Jaromir Seda
Daphnia survival in extreme flood events
12:00 Tatiana S. Lopatina
The extraction and primary identification of infochemicals inducing the
production of resting eggs by females of Moina macrocopa
4
(S) = student speakers
8
Programme
Thursday Ocotber 25
9:00
Michael Lynch
The 5000 Daphnia pulex Genomes Project Evolution
10:00
Piet Spaak
A human-facilitated invasion reconstructed from the sediment egg bank
using genetic markers.
Lei Xu
The legacy of long distance dispersal: population genetics of Daphnia
galeata in China
Mathilde Cordellier
Coming of age: Daphnia galeata entering the transcriptomics era
Anne Thielsch
Evolutionary history and current environmental changes explain contrasting
population genetic structures in European Daphnia species
Johanna Griebel (S)
Why a Daphnia hybrid outcompeted its parental species? A story about a
“super clone”.
Alexey A. Kotov
Pleistocene-earlier Holocene ephippia of the Cladocera associated with corps
of large mammals from the permafrost
10:15
11:00
11:15
11:30
11:45
Friday October 3
Friday mix (Last but not least)
10:00 S.S.S. Sarma
Ecological and ecotoxicological investigation on Cladocera in Mexico
10:15 Carolyn W. Burns
Predictors of invasion success by Daphnia species: influence of food,
temperature and species identity
10:30 Nikolai Korovchinsky
The current state and problems of the Cladoceran systematics
11:15 Christian Laforsch
Distinct but neglected: The gravireceptive organ in Daphnia
11:30 Leonard V. Polishchuk
Estimating the relative contribution of top-down vs. bottom-up effects to
cladoceran birth rate: a test in the field
5
(S) = student speakers
9
Programme
11:45
12:00
14:00
14:15
14:30
14:45
10
Jiří Macháček
Why are overwintering daphnids small: physiological basis of a peculiar
phenomenon
Artem Y. Sinev
Cladocera of Hainan Island, China
Slawek Cerbin
Invasive macrophytes and predation during global warming... Can Daphnia
‘make any sense’ out of it?
Franja Pajk
High temperature adaptation and intraspecific variation in thermal reaction
norms of life-history parameters in a subtropical cladoceran Ceriodaphnia
cornuta
Veronika Sacherová
Stoichiometrical constraints of Daphnia population recovery in post-acidified
mountain lakes
conference closing
Programme
POSTER PRESENTATIONS
no. day presenting author
poster title
(S) = student posters
1
Mo Cristian Alberto
Competitive interactions between Daphnia cf.
Espinosa-Rodríguez (S)
mendotae and littoral cladocerans in presence of
exudates from the macrophyte Egeria densa
2
Th
Elena Fefilova
Planktonic cladocerans in a deep, low productive
boreal lake (Lake Pääjärvi): annual variability
relative to the thermal conditions, water colour
and phytoplankton
3
Mo Laura Jiménez (S)
Cladocera response to climate change in five high
mountain lakes from Sierra Nevada over the last
150 years
4
Th
Paloma Marinho Lopes
Does phylogenetic niche conservatism result in a
gradient of competitive interaction strength in
Daphnia?
5
Mo Bernard Wolfschoon
Comparison of gravisensing organs in different
Ribeiro (S)
planktonic organisms – from evolution to life
support systems
6
Th
Ligia Rivera-De la Parra Defense strategies of littoral and pelagic
(S)
cladocerans (Cladocera) against Hydra sp.
(Cnidaria; Hydrozoa) predation
7
Mo Jaromir Seda
Vertical and horizontal diurnal migration of
zooplankton: examination of factors influencing
observed patterns
8
Th
Ravichandran Ramanibai Epibiont infestation on cladocerans from urban
lakes
9
Mo Ann Kristin Schartau
Assessment of ecological status using freshwater
cladocerans: Towards a type-specific reference
conditions
10 Th
Małgorzata Wiśniewska Is commensal relationship common in small
(S)
water bodies: Brachionus rubens and Daphnia
spp.?
11 Mo Zorka Dulić
Food or history: What is the prevailing effect on
cladoceran communities in neighboring
aquaculture ponds?
12 Th
Maike Herrmann (S)
Natural (?) selection and local adaptation in
Daphnia
13 Mo Vladimir K. Tchougounov Eco-Evo-Devo adventures of cladocerans and
other pancrustaceans
14 Th
Mirosław Ślusarczyk
The mystery of synchronisation of sexual
reproduction in Daphnia
11
Programme
15
Mo
16
Th
17
Th
18
TH
19
Mo
20
Th
21
Mo
22
Th
23
Mo
24
25
Th
Mo
26
Th
27
Mo
28
Th
29
Mo
30
Th
31
Mo
32
Th
33
Mo
12
Kęstutis Arbačiauskas
Evidences of genetic regulation of seasonal
polyphenism in Daphnia
Isabel Vanoverberghe
Population history with respect to eutrophication
determines disease outcome upon toxic
cyanobacterial stress in Daphnia
Isabel Vanoverberghe
White Bacterial Disease in Daphnia is associated
with the oxidation of lipids in the adipose tissue
Isabel Vanoverberghe
Evaluation of invertebrate toxins pesticide
capacity in non-target and ecotoxicological model
species Daphnia magna
Eugenia I. Bekker
Species diversity of Eurycercidae (Cladocera:
Anomopoda): new findings in the Beringia region
Olga Dubovskaya
Modern and paleo- cladocerans of a lake system
of Bolshezemelskaya Tundra
Larisa Frolova
Cladoceran assemblages of polygon ponds in the
Kolyma Lowland (north-east Siberia, Russia)
Thomas C. Jensen
Water chemistry versus flooding mitigation
measures in flood plain ponds, implications for
Cladoceran diversity and community structure?
Gulnara Nigamatzyanova Cladocera of Arctic lakes of Lena Delta River
(North part of Republic of Sakha, Yakutia)
Anna A. Novichkova
Cladocera of Wrangel Island (Russian Far East)
Eliana A. Panarelli
Spatial distribution of Cladocera in Brazilian rocky
fields
Jhaydee Ann F. Pascual
Water fleas in the “Pearl of the Orient”:
(S)
Taxonomy and distribution of Cladocera in
Philippine inland waters
Radka Ptáčníková
Spatial and temporal diversity of cladocerans in
pools of Lower Lobau (Austria)
Aurora Vázquez-Sánchez Cladoceran diversity in a tropical reservoir in
(S)
Mexico
Xiaolin Ma (S)
Molecular systematics of the Daphnia pulex
group in Chinese lakes and reservoirs
Ali Mohammadyari (S)
Diversity of Daphnia in Caspian and Urmia Lake
Basins (Northern Iran): a molecular approach
Elena Zuykova
Mitochondrial DNA diversity of the Daphnia
longispina complex in South Siberia
Francisco Diogo R. Sousa What do we know about diversity of Coronatella
(S)
in South America?
Lourdes M. A. ElmoorRedescription of Euryalona brasiliensis Brehm &
Loureiro
Thomsen, 1936 (Chydoridae, Aloninae) and its
translocation to the genus Kurzia
Programme
34
Th
Anna N. Neretina (S)
35
Mo
Artem Y. Sinev
36
Mo
Carolyn Burns
37
38
Th
Mo
Carlos Iglesias
Tatiana Lopatina
39
Th
Jacek Radzikowski (S)
40
Mo
Anu Vehmaa
41
Th
Magdalena Suchora
42
Mo
Krystyna Szeroczyńska
43
Th
Anton A. Zharov (S)
44
Mo
Irina Blinova
45
Th
José Luis Gama Flores
46
Mo
Brenda Gonzáles-Pérez
(S)
47
Th
Margit Heinlaan
48
Mo
Fernando MartínezJerónimo
49
Th
Aurora Martínez-Téllez
(S)
Morphology of the genus Moinodaphnia Herrick,
1887 (Cladocera: Moinidae) with particular
attention to structure of thoracic limbs and
distinctions between populations from different
localities
Morphology of four species of genus
Camptocercus Baird, 1843 (Anomopoda:
Chydoridae)
A new subalpine species of Daphnia (Cladocera,
Anomopoda) in South Island, New Zealand:
morphological and genetic differentiation from
the D. carinata species complex
South American Ephippia Research Network
The effect of γ-radiation on hatching success of
resting eggs and life cycle of hatched females of
cladoceran Moina macrocopa
The effect of lake sediment on hatching of
Daphnia resting eggs
Dormant eggs as a tool for relating changes in
cladoceran community to anthropogenic
eutrophication in the Baltic Sea
Response of Cladocera to hemp-retting practices
– from paleolimnology, to the experiment
Subfossil Bosmina size structure – the
paleolimnology indicator
Subfossil Cladocera assemblages in two pond
groups in Moscow Area, Central Russia
Assessment of long-term effects of accidental
pollution
Toxicity of cadmium to Moina macrocopa
(Cladocera) through different generations
Competition between Moina macrocopa and
Alona glabra influenced by emerging
contaminants and turbidity of the medium.
Daphnia magna in nanoecotoxicological studies:
the state of the art
Toxic effects on survival and reproduction of
Ceriodaphnia dubia exposed in different ways to
Congo red dye
Effect of malathion on the population growth of
Simocephalus mixtus and Moina macrocopa
(Cladocera)
13
Programme
50
Mo
Rosa Martha MorenoGutiérrez (S)
51
Th
Alfredo Pérez-Morales
(S)
52
Mo
Adrianna WojtalFrankiewicz
53
Th
54
Mo
Cesar Alejandro Zamora
Barrios (S)
Sujeephon Athibai
55
Th
56
Mo
57
Th
14
Michael Anai FigueroaSánchez (S)
Meetztli Alejandra
Valencia-Vargas (S)
José Luis ViverosLegorreta (S)
Effect of erythromycin and ivermectin on the
demography of the cladoceran Moina macrocopa
(Cladocera)
Effect of toxic cyanobacterium (Microcystis
aeruginosa) on the population growth of selected
cladocerans (Simocephalus mixtus, Daphnia cf.
mendotae and Moina macrocopa)
Response of an antioxidant system of Daphnia
under spatial differences of toxic Cyanobacteria
concentration in the eutrophic reservoir
Demographic responses of Moina macrocopa to
cyanobacterial crude extracts
Combined effects of temperature and food
concentration on the reproduction, lifespan and
body size of Moina micrura Kurz
Effect of 17-α-methyl testosterone on the
demographic variables of Moina macrocopa
Demographic characteristics of selected
cladocerans in the presence of invasive and
native copepod predators Mesocyclops
pehpeiensis Hu and M. longisetus Thiébaud
Allelopathic effect of Ceratophyllum demersum
(L.) on the demography of Moina macrocopa
(Straus, 1820) (Cladocera)
Abstracts of Oral and Poster Presentations
Abstracts are arranged according to surname of the presenting author,
which is underlined.
Presentation type is specified in each abstract.
15
Keynote
The 5000 Daphnia pulex Genomes Project
keynote lecture
Michael Lynch
Indiana University, Department of Biology, Bloomington, Indiana USA
[email protected]
Owing to the pronounced technological achievements in genomics and other
derivative “omics” fields, a number of new model systems are emerging in biology. In
the fields of ecological and evolutionary genomics, foremost among these is Daphnia
pulex. We have embarked on a project to sequence the genomes of 96 genotypes
from 50 populations in an effort to provide a general service to the research
community, as well as to answer several unsolved problems, including: the genomic
consequences of the loss of meiosis; the origins of introns; and the impact of longterm population bottlenecks. A broad overview will be given on some of the findings
that begun to emerge from this project: the mechanism by which obligate asexuality
arises and the apparent short longevity of such genotypes; the mechanisms by which
new introns arise; the rate and molecular spectrum of newly arisen mutations; and a
pronounced level of “loss of heterozygosity” during asexual propagation. We have
also been able to establish a genetic map via the sequencing of single sperm. By
revealing the species-wide frequencies of single-nucleotide polymorphisms
throughout the entire genome and inferring aspects of selection on individual loci,
our work lays the foundations for studies on local environmental adaptation and
temporal response to environmental change. To fully capitalize on this project, we
encourage collaborative efforts with other researchers working on D. pulex or closely
related species.
16
Keynote
Eco-evolutionary dynamics featuring Daphnia and cladoceran zooplankton
keynote lecture
Luc De Meester
Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Ch.
Deberiotstraat 32, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
[email protected]
There is a large amount of evidence both from experimental evolution trials as well
as resurrection ecology studies that Daphnia populations can genetically adapt to
local environmental conditions within relatively short time spans in the order of one
or a few growing seasons. I will present a conceptual framework on how this might
impact both metapopulation as well as metacommunity structure. I will then present
empirical evidence and proof-of-concept experiments showing how evolution may
indeed affect both landscape genetic structure as well as influence community
composition of cladoceran zooplankton communities. Finally, I will present some
challenges and perspectives for future work.
17
A
Evidences of genetic regulation of seasonal polyphenism in Daphnia
poster
1
1
2
2
Algirdas Kaupinis , Mindaugas Valius , Lina Aitmanaitė , Juozas Lazutka , Kęstutis
3,4*
Arbačiauskas
1
Vilnius University, Institute of Biochemistry, Proteomics Centre, Vilnius, Lithuania
Vilnius University, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Botany and Genetics, Vilnius, Lithuania
3
Nature Research Centre, Institute of Ecology, Vilnius, Lithuania
4
Vilnius University, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Zoology, Vilnius, Lithuania
2
*
[email protected]
In temperate waters, the cyclic parthenogen Daphnia possesses two types of
females, the post-diapause females usually hatching from sexually produced
diapausing eggs, and the directly developing females resulting from parthenogenesis.
These types of females are adapted to different environments, differ in their lifehistory strategies and actually represent alternative seasonal phenotypes with
metabolic activity probably being the threshold trait. This phenomenon of seasonal
polyphenism can be attributed to a negative maternal effect. In turn, the switching
between alternative seasonal phenotypes in Daphnia may be under genetic control.
If that is true, gene expression and resulting proteom differences between these
phenotypes are expected. To test this hypothesis, seasonal phenotypes in Daphnia
pulex were subjected to proteomic comparison and expression of several selected
genes was investigated. Collation of alternative phenotypes revealed substantial
differences for 77 proteins; 44 proteins mostly associated with metabolic activity,
developmental processes and reproduction were up-regulated in the post-diapause
phenotype, and 33 proteins among which there were proteins relatable to resistance
(stress, immune system) showed higher amounts in the directly developing
phenotype. Quantitative real time PCR was applied to assess the expression of
selected genes. All tested genes which can be associated with general metabolism,
CAND (cullin – associated NEDD8-dissociated protein), TBA (alpha tubulin), TBB (beta1 tubulin), COX (cytochrome c oxidase, subunit IV) and VSOD (vitellogenin fused with
superoxide dismutase) in particular, were found to be over-expressed in postdiapause females compared to directly developing ones. In summary, our results on
variation between seasonal phenotypes of D. pulex in their proteoms and gene
expression are in agreement with data on differences between post-diapause and
directly developing females in life history strategies and physiology, and support a
genetic regulation of the development of seasonal phenotypes.
This study has been funded by the Research Council of Lithuania, projects No. MIP-135/2010 and No. MIP031/2012.
18
A
Combined effects of temperature and food concentration on the reproduction,
lifespan and body size of Moina micrura Kurz
poster
Sujeephon Athibai
Khon Kaen University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Applied Taxonomic Research Center,
Khon Kaen, Thailand
[email protected]
The freshwater cladoceran, Moina micrura is one of important live food zooplanktons
used for rearing the larvae of economic freshwater fishes in Thailand. To understand
the factors influencing the developmental process of M. micrura, the combined
effects of abiotic (temperature) and biotic (food) factors were investigated to link the
relationship with reproductive rate, life span and body size of M. micrura population
under laboratory culture. Nine experiments were conducted using a 3 x 3 factorial
arrangement in a completely randomized design with combination of different
5
6
7
temperatures (20, 25 and 30 °C) and algal food density (1 x 10 , 1 x 10 and 1 x 10
-1
cells day of Chlorella sp.). Prior to the experiment, M. micrura has acclimated to
given temperatures (20, 25 and 30 °C) for 1 month. Fifteen neonates were randomly
selected from parental females, and each individual was cultured separately under
the combined treatments. Each treatment was replicated five times. Offspring
produced from individual parental females were counted and removed daily, and
body size of mature offspring was determined microscopically. The results indicated
that the total number of offspring was maximized at 30 ºC under the highest food
level, with average of 10.8 ± 1.92 individuals. In contrast, the average lifespan (10.6 ±
1.34 days) was higher at 25 °C and at lowest food level. However, parental females
fed on lowest food level under all temperatures cannot produce their offspring. In
addition, the average body length (0.65 ± 0.03 mm) and body width (0.41 ± 0.04 mm)
of offspring cultured at medium temperature and lowest food level were significantly
larger than those cultured under other treatments. It is interesting that M. micrura
cannot grow at 20 °C under all food levels. Data observed from this study could be
applied to aquaculture practices.
19
B
Joint effect of temperature and presence of filamentous cyanobacteria on
reproductive related traits of Daphnia magna
oral presentation
Anna Bednarska
1,2*
, Magorzata Grzesiuk
1
1
Department of Hydrobiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw; at Biological and Chemical
Research Centre, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
2
Biology Centre of the AS CR, Hydrobiological Institute, Na Sadkach 7, 37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech
Republic
*
[email protected]
Planktonic cladocerans of Daphnia usually are one of the most efficient grazers of
phytoplankton but they fail to control cyanobacteria biomass. In the presence of
cyanobacteria, Daphnia fitness is severely reduced. The aim of the study was to
determine mechanisms responsible for suppressing Daphnia fitness in the presence
of non-toxic cyanobacteria. Individuals of Daphnia magna (originating from three
clones) were exposed to the presence of non-toxic, filamentous cyanobacteria under
two temperature regimes (20 °C and 24 °C) for five subsequent generations. Daphnia
were cultivated until completion of third reproduction event with the key life history
parameters being monitored. In the presence of cyanobacteria the reproductionrelated traits were more affected than growth-related traits. Moreover, the negative
effect of cyanobacteria on Daphnia fitness was enhanced by increased temperature.
The reduced reproductive success of Daphnia was related to three phenomena:
decreased fecundity, occurrence of non-reproductive instars and egg abortion. In the
later generations the presence of cyanobacteria also triggered the change of
reproductive mode in Daphnia, i.e. change from parthenogenesis to sexual
reproduction resulting in formation of resting eggs. As expected, the interclonal
differences in the degree of suppression of the reproductive success of Daphnia
exposed to cyanobacteria and/or temperature were found. The results indicate that
cyanobacteria champers the fitness of Daphnia mainly via suppressing the
reproduction success, not the growth, of animals.
20
B
Species diversity of Eurycercidae (Cladocera: Anomopoda): new findings in the
Beringia region
poster
Eugeniya I. Bekker
1
1
Laboratory for ecology of aquatic communities and invasions A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and
Evolution
* [email protected]
The Beringia region (including Chukotka, Kamchatka, Alaska, Yukon and adjacent
areas) was poorly investigated by the cladoceran researchers until the last decade.
Our work is the next step in the investigations of the Asian part of Palearctic. In this
study we have been significantly improved the data about distribution of some
species of Eurycercidae. Previously we found in the Beringian region a maximum
number of Holarctic species - 6 among 10: Eurycercus lamellatus, E. glacialis, E.
macracanthus, E. nipponica, E. beringi, E. longirostris. Now E. macracanthus was
found at the first time in the Kamchatka area, in addition to E. nipponica. In some
cases both species were found simultaneously in the same waterbody.
E. longirostris was found for the first time on Commander Islands and Wrangel Island.
This data gives a new information for discussion of possible ways of distribution of
these two species in Beringia, especially as compared with the pattern of distribution
of closely related E. nipponica. Today we have no sufficient information to discuss the
ways of distribution of this species, but we can speak about a geographical isolation
between them. E. longirostris distributed in the nothern part of Bering region (Alaska,
Arctic Canada, Wrangel Island, Commandor Islands), and E. nipponica distributed in
its southern part (Kamchatka Peninsula, Japan). Unfortunately we do not have any
material availble for the DNA study from Wrangel Island and Commandor Islands for
E. longirostris. Therefore we can not conclude, are these native populations survived
after a disruption of trans-beringian bridge, or are a result of invasions of this species
from American Continent. This is supported by the Russian Science Foundation (grant
14-14-00778).
21
B
Does molecular clock regulate circadian locomotory activity of Daphnia pulex?
oral presentation
1*
2
3
2
Piotr Bernatowicz , Marta Polańska , Anna Sikora , Joanna Kotwica , Piotr Bębas
2
1
University of Warsaw, Faculty of Biology, Department of Paleobiology and Evolution, Żwirki i Wigury 101,
Warsaw, Poland
2
University of Warsaw, Faculty of Biology, Department of Animal Physiology, Miecznikowa 1, Warsaw,
Poland
3
University of Warsaw, Faculty of Biology, Department of Hydrobiology, Żwirki i Wigury 101, Warsaw,
Poland
*
[email protected]
Recently described molecular clock of Daphnia pulex contains molecular oscillator
and paths of information input and output. The oscillator generates endogenous
circadian rhythm. Oscillator genes and proteins coded by them are coupled by
feedback loop (very similar to this described for Drosophila). Locomotory activity of
Daphnia also changes in a daily cycle.
Until now it was not known whether there is any relation between molecular clock
and the locomotor activity of Daphnia. To find out if there is such relation, the
activity of biological clock genes was examined under three different light regimes
(summer photoperiod 16L:8D, constant dark and constant light). The level of Period
protein in nervous system and locomotor activity of adult Daphnia were also
measured.
Almost all examined genes of biological clock exhibit circadian rhythm of activity
under summer photoperiod. This fluctuations are, for some genes, disrupted under
constant light (tim 1a, tim 1b, cry a, cry d, pdh) and under constant dark (cry b).
Production and distribution of Period protein inside the pericarions of few neurons of
Daphnia brain depends on time of the day and light conditions. Under summer
photoperiod, the highest concentration of Period protein was observed at dusk and
the lowest at midday. This protein is transported from cytoplasm to nuclei and it
degrades in Daphnia neurons. Under the constant light or dark conditions, the
circadian rhythm is no more visible and protein transport is disrupted.
Locomotor activity of Daphnia under summer photoperiod is higher during the night
than during the day. Under constant light conditions activity changes to nonrhythmic.
Observed relations between activity of clock genes, physiology of the brain (at the
level of Period protein concentration) and different locomotor activity under
different light conditions suggests that molecular oscillator controls locomotor
activity of Daphnia.
22
B
Assessment of long-term effects of accidental pollution
poster
1*
1
Irina Blinova , Liina Kanarbik , Anne Kahru
1
1
Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics,
Akadeemia tee 23, Tallinn 12618, Estonia
*
[email protected]
As a rule, the hazard of pollutants to aquatic ecosystems is evaluated on the basis of
acute or chronic toxicity assays in which test organisms are exposed to the same
concentration of tested compounds during whole test period. However, in the case of
accidental pollution, the aquatic organisms are exposed to relatively high
contaminant concentrations during short time and the pollution level rapidly
decreases due to the dilution with less contaminated water. Accordingly, the
information on recovery of environmentally relevant test organisms from toxicant
stress is needed for realistic risk assessment along with data on acute/chronic toxicity
of pollutants. In the current study, the prolonged effect of short-term exposure to
relatively high but still subtoxic concentrations of organic (shale fuel oils) and
inorganic (metallic nanoparticles) pollutants on survival and reproduction of
crustaceans Daphnia magna was investigated. The survived neonates were collected
from each exposure concentration after ending of 48-h acute toxicity test (OECD
202), placed into clean water and fed daily with the algae Pseudokirchneriella
subcapitata. Then, the survival of the parent animals, time to the production of first
brood and total number of living offspring was assessed after two weeks. The main
finding of our research is that though mortality of daphnids transferred into the clean
water depended on concentration of tested compounds under which neonates were
exposed in acute test, no effect on total number of living offspring produced per alive
parent animal at the end of the test was observed. Moreover, in some cases the
reproductive performance of daphnids exposed to subtoxic concentrations of
toxicants was even higher than in the control.
This research is supported by Institutional Research Funding IUT 23-5, the European Regional Development
Fund project TERIKVANT and by the Estonian Science Foundation Projects ETF8561.
23
B
The origin of Cladocera: a new approach to old problem
oral presentation
Olga Boikova
A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow,
Russian Federation
[email protected]
Claus (1876) was the first to suggest the neotenic origin of Cladocera from
“Conchostraca” larvae. This hypothesis was further supported by Margalef, Hardy,
Brooks, Remane and other researchers. Tasch (1963) pointed out that recent
Cyclestheria hislopi (Baird 1859) (Spinicaudata: Cyclestherida) is very similar to a
transitional form between “Conchostraca” and Cladocera. Further, molecular-genetic
studies confirmed cladoceran origin from a Cyclestheria-like ancestor. These data
induced Olesen (1999, 2003) to revalue the hypothesis of cladoceran neotenic origin.
He concluded that the latter conflicts with the hypothesis of Cyclestheria as sister
group to the Cladocera and should be rejected. Thus, the question of the cladoceran
origin remained open. The term “neotenia” (introducеd by Kollman, 1885) meant the
achievement of maturity with conservation of larval or juvenile organization of the
ancestor. Nowadays, the phenomenon of retaining of ancestral larval or juvenile
traits in the adult descendants is named the term “pedomorphosis” (introduced by
Garstang, 1922). Gould (1977) united under this term two different processes:
neotenia (delay of somatic differentiation) and progenesis (acceleration of
maturation). For a long time, the term neotenia was almost exclusively associated
with larval reproduction and was applied only to the animals with free-living larvae.
Later, this term began to be applied to all cases of coordinated delay of somatic
differentiation leading to pedomorphosis (McNamara, 1986). I made a comparative
analysis of ontogenesis of Cyclestheria and Diaphanosoma (Cladocera: Ctenopoda) to
elucidate the question of the cladoceran origin. It was revealed that pedomorphic
morphology of the latter form and other cladocerans (small number of thoracic and
antennal segments, reduction of carapace) results from early arrest of morphological
differentiation of the somatic structures. Diaphanosoma matures faster than
Cyclestheria (they have 3-4 and 5-6 juvenile stages, respectively). However, the arrest
of development of the somatic structures occurs long before the beginning of
reproduction and most likely is not connected with the acceleration of maturation
(progenesis). In such case the origin of Cladocera can be considered in terms of
neotenia taking into consideration its extended interpretation.
24
B
Predictors of invasion success by Daphnia species: influence of food, temperature
and species identity
oral presentation
Carolyn W. Burns
University of Otago, Department of Zoology, Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
[email protected]
Non-indigenous North American Daphnia ‘pulex’ has recently invaded lakes and
reservoirs in South Island, New Zealand, that formerly contained only native Daphnia
carinata. New Zealand is characterised by a wide range of freshwater ecosystems and
low species diversity of planktonic crustaceans, particularly Cladocera. The potential
success of a species to invade and establish in a new community is likely to be
predicted more accurately when reproductive response norms and fitness of key
resident species, as well as the invasive species, have been established under a range
of relevant environmental conditions. Based on the results of experiments to test
aspects of reproduction and fitness of the invader, D. ‘pulex’, and D. carinata when
grown together at a range of relevant temperatures (8 – 23°C) and related
photoperiods, I predict the species-specific potential of D. ‘pulex’ to be dispersed and
colonise New Zealand lentic habitats, and the potential of D. carinata to persist with
the invader in these habitats. Larger population densities of D. ‘pulex’ compared to D.
carinata at higher temperatures and food level, and larger densities of D. carinata at
low temperatures, imply a potential for both species to coexist in New Zealand lakes,
facilitated by seasonal succession; increased water temperature and nutrient input
associated with climate and land use changes appear likely to promote the wider
establishment of D. ‘pulex’, with both negative and positive implications for the
conservation and management of New Zealand’s freshwater ecosystems.
25
B
A new subalpine species of Daphnia (Cladocera, Anomopoda) in South Island, New
Zealand: morphological and genetic differentiation from the D. carinata species
complex
poster
1
2
2
Carolyn W. Burns *, Ian C. Duggan , Jonathan C. Banks , Ian D. Hogg
1
2
*
2
University of Otago, Department of Zoology, Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
Environmental Research Institute, School of Science, University of Waikato, P.B. 3105, Hamilton, New
Zealand
[email protected]
Until now, only one species of indigenous Daphnia, D. carinata, has been recorded
from throughout New Zealand. Here we report on a new species from the subalpine
regions of southern New Zealand. We also examined and compared cytochrome c
oxidase subunit 1 (CO1) sequences for this and other closely related species. This
species appears to be endemic and CO1 sequences were >16% divergent from the
endemic New Zealand “D. carinata”. Distinctive morphological features of the new
Daphnia are the separation of head and carapace exuviae during ecdysis to form
separate exoskeletal entities, and the retention of ephippia within shed carapace
exoskeletons. Morphological and CO1 sequence analyses between closely related
species of the D. carinata complex, support our proposition that New Zealand’s D.
carinata should revert to D. thomsoni, which it was given by G.O. Sars who first
described this species from New Zealand in 1894.
26
C
Invasive macrophytes and predation during global warming... Can Daphnia ‘make
any sense’ out of it?
oral presentation
*
Slawek Cerbin , Sandra Moskalik, Marcin K. Dziuba, Lukasz Wejnerowski
Adam Mickiewicz University, Faculty of Biology, Department of Hydrobiology, ul. Umultowska 89, 61-614
Poznań, Poland
* [email protected]
Global warming causes the rise of temperature in lakes what leads to lengthening of
the growing season. Such conditions allow invasive species to inhabit new lakes.
Examples are Vallisneria spiralis and Egeria densa. Submerged macrophytes in
shallow temperate lakes are known to serve as a refuge for zooplankton from fish
predation. However, macrophytes may also show suppressing effects due to their
chemical exudates. We wanted to answer the question whether these invasive plants
can cause any negative effects in life history of Daphnia and also modify the signal
meaning of fish cues. To test the influence of invasive macrophytes on zooplankton
and their interaction with fish cues Daphnia was exposed during several experiments
to exudates from V. spiralis and E. densa without and with the presence of chemical
cues from fish (Leucaspius delineatus H.). The age and size at first reproduction of
daphnids, and numbers and lengths of their offspring were measured. Both plant
species had significant effects on life history of Daphnia. V. spiralis delayed
reproduction while E. densa had an opposite effect. However, the fish kairomones
had the strongest effect reducing the time to reproduction, even in the presence of
exudates of these plants. However, E. densa together with fish cues exhibited
additive effect causing daphnids to mature at the smallest size. Judging from the
numbers of offspring it seems that exudates of E. densa had negative effects (less
newborns) while V. spiralis caused no significant effects. The fish cuesare the
strongest signal for daphnids, but exudates of both macrophytes can interact with it
and cause even stronger responses. At raised temperatures, where fish predation is
expected to be more intensive, some interactions (shorter maturation time, smaller
size at first reproduction) may support populations of Daphnia.
27
C
Diversity of the Daphnia obtusa species complex in Europe
oral presentation
1*
1
2
3,4
Adam Petrusek , Vladimír Kořínek , Klaus Schwenk , Joachim Mergeay , Federico
5
1
1
Marrone , Jasna Vukic , Martin Černý
1
Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Science, Department of Ecology, Prague, Czech Republic
University of Koblenz-Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, Molecular Ecology, Landau in der
Pfalz, Germany
3
KU Leuven, Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, Ch. Deberiotstraat 32-B-3000
Leuven,
4
Research Institute for Nature and Forest, Belgium,
5
Dipartimento STEBICEF, Sezione di Biologia animale e Antropologia biologica, Università degli Studi di
Palermo, Palermo, Italy
2
Daphnia obtusa, an inhabitant of small temperate puddles and ponds, had been
considered one of the most widespread species of the genus, with almost global
distribution. Molecular studies, however, indicated that it actually represents a
lineage-rich species complex, apparently diversified in every biogeographical region it
inhabits. Numerous distinct lineages, some formally described, are known from North
America, three lineages were recognised in South America, and an African endemic
has been recently described from Etiopia. However, D. obtusa has been originally
described in 1874 from Central Europe (presently Czech Republic), and is widespread
in the continent. We analyse patterns of diversity of this complex in Europe.
Indications that Central European populations represent reproductively separated
entities emerged already from allozyme studies in the 1990s. Populations of D.
obtusa sensu stricto consistently differed at several allozyme loci from populations in
Eastern Slovakia. Subsequent mtDNA sequencing confirmed the distinctness of the
two groups but their relatively low, thus recent, divergence (ca 4% at mitochondrial
gene for 12S rRNA). A third clade of the D. obtusa complex differing at mtDNA level is
widespread in Western Europe (from Southern Norway across the UK, Netherlands
and Belgium to Pyrenees); Belgian populations show also consistent differences in
allozyme patterns from Czech and Slovak ones. Even higher diversity of D. obtusa-like
animals at the comparable level of divergence was found in the Mediterranean. We
detected four additional alloparic lineages in the following regions: Northern Italy,
Southern Italy and adjacent islands, Croatia, and Greece, respectively. Their
populations vary in some characteristics, including, e.g., spine length, but consistent
morphological differentiation characters, if present, are yet to be discovered.
The extremely high lineage diversity of the D. obtusa complex, unmatched by any
other so far studied Daphnia in Europe, likely results from limited dispersal of puddledwelling populations, which tend to be dispersed by terrestrial mammals rather than
waterfowl. The observed patterns of genetic divergence at both mitochondrial and
nuclear markers may be merely due to allopatric diversification (possibly due to
isolation in different Pleistocene glacial refugia) and secondary colonization.
However, it seems likely that the clades have already formed reproductive isolation.
This might be tested by experimental hybridization and/or by evaluation of diversity
patterns at the contact zones of different lineages.
28
C
Coming of age: Daphnia galeata entering the transcriptomics era
oral presentation
1*
2
2
3,4
Mathilde Cordellier , Ann-Kathrin Huylmans , Alberto Lopez , Klaus Schwenk , John
2
Parsch
1
University of Hamburg, Biozentrum Grindel, Hamburg, Germany
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Evolutionary and Functional Genomics, Munich, Germany
3
University of Koblenz-Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, Molecular Ecology, Landau in der
Pfalz, Germany
4
Biodiversity & Climate Research Centre, Climate and Adaptation, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
2
* [email protected]
The increasing number of cases documenting rapid changes in gene expression levels
supports the hypothesis that transcription levels underlie natural selection. Like gene
sequences, transcription profiles are heritable, thus providing a substrate for
evolution. Evidence for local adaptation in the water flea has been already provided,
at different levels: resistance to parasites, predation, and species composition. The
aim of this project is to infer the intra-specific variation at the transcriptome level and
its association with fitness-relevant traits.
Exploiting the potential of biological archives, Daphnia galeata were hatched from
the resting egg bank of 4 European lakes. A large scale RNAseq experiment was
conducted to compare 24 clonal lines with each other, aiming at inferring the gene
expression variation within and among-populations. I present here the first results of
the transcriptome de novo assembly, made using the EvidentialGene pipeline.
Furthermore, the mapping analysis revealed candidate genes showing expression
patterns specific to each population.
The variation in transcription profiles will be correlated with the past ecological
changes in the lakes and fitness measurements, in order to assess the contribution of
selection to the observed variation. The outcomes of this study will allow us to
understand the genetic background of rapid adaptation to environmental changes in
a key species of aquatic ecosystems.
29
D
The effect of temperature and fish kairomone on escape ability in Daphnia
oral presentation
Piotr Dawidowicz, Joanna Pijanowska, Barbara Pietrzak
*
University of Warsaw, Faculty of Biology, Department of Hydrobiology, Biological and Chemical Research
Centre, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
* [email protected]
Ability to escape attack is one of the determinants of prey fitness under predation
pressure. Change in water temperature is expected to change mobility of the prey
both as it affects its metabolic rate on one hand, and hydrodynamic properties of
water, i.e. density and viscosity, on the other. As the responses of metabolic rate to
varying temperature are species/genotype specific, and also different sizes and
morphologies affect hydrodynamics of Daphnia swimming, we hypothesized the
effect of temperature on escape ability to be species/genotype dependent. In order
to test this, we measured escape ability in three Daphnia species (D. magna, D.
pulicaria, and D. lumholtzi) under two different temperatures (20 and 28°C) using a
simulated predation test, in which Daphnia were blindly hunted by a pipette in a
series of between-vessel transfers. We also tested the effect of previous exposure to
fish kairomone on the escape ability under the two temperatures. Our results
showed significant increase in escape ability under higher temperature in D. magna
and D. lumholtzi, but not in D. pulicaria. We also found the temperature effect to be
clone dependent within a species. These results suggest that increase in water
temperature may lead to changes in relative fitness of the species/ genotype, even
assuming constant predation pressure.
This study has been funded by The Polish National Science Centre grant no. NN305 134440.
30
D
Modern and paleo- cladocerans of a lake system of Bolshezemelskaya Tundra
poster
1
2*
3
1
Elena Fefilova , Olga Dubovskaya , Larisa Frolova , Olga Kononova ,
3,4
Larisa Nazarova
1
Institute of Biology Komi Scientific Centre Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, Russia;
Institute of Biophysics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk, Russia;
3
Department of Bioresources and Aquaculture of Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan
(Volga region) Federal University, Russia;
4
Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Potsdam, Germany
2
* [email protected]
The system of Kharbeyskie Lakes is situated in the North-East of Europe, in the
eastern part of Bolshezemelskaya Tundra. Hydrobiological studies of Kharbeyskie
Lakes (67°31'N, 62°52'E) were carried out in the 1960-th, 1990-th and in 2009-2012.
Paleolimnological research (in 2012) covered 200-year layer of bottom sediments.
Products of the coal industry and heavy metals extending from industrial zones with
atmospheric precipitation have been priority pollutants for ecosystems of the study
region since the 1930-th; however, recently their impact has weakened due to
reduction of the coal industry here. At the same time, effects determined by global
warming have become significant. Twenty-seven cladoceran species were identified
in zooplankton and zoobenthos of Kharbeyskie Lakes in 2009-2012. That was less
than in 1965-1969. In all study periods and years Sida crystallina (O.F. Müller),
Limnosida frontosa (Sars), Holopedium gibberum Zaddach, Daphnia cristata Sars,
Chydorus cf. sphaericus (O.F.Müller), Alonopsis elongatus (Sars), Alona affinis
(Leydig), Bosmina spp. and Leptodora kindtii (Focke) occurred among the
zooplankton of the Lakes. The abundance and the proportion of B. longirostris in the
zooplankton abundance and biomass in the 2000-th were lower than in the 1960-th.
On the contrary, the abundance and the proportion of Daphnia increased in the
2000-th. In some years, beginning from 1999, an indicator of eutrophication, Daphnia
cucullata Sars, was present in the Lakes. Only in 2012, Bythotrephes sp. was
widespread in the lakes.Our paleolymnological investigation showed that the
cladoceran communities in Bolshoy Kharbey Lake are represented by diverse,
abundant communities. The total of 22 cladoceran taxa have been found in the
subfossil communities during the study period of sedimentation. Taxa of the family
Bosminidae dominate cladoceran communities. The most frequent zooplanktonic
taxa in the whole core were Chydorus cf. sphaericus, Eubosmina cf. longispina, and
small forms of the genera Alona. The taxonomic shift in the subfossil cladoceran
communities from cold-water boreal taxa at the bottom of the core to warmer-water
subarctic and hemiboreal taxa and the growth of the number of planktonic taxa are
indicative of climate warming. The investigation of cladoceran assemblages has
demonstrated the potential of this group as an indicator of the ecological state of
both water bodies and ecosystem changes caused by climate warming.
The work was supported by joint projects of Ural and Siberian Branches of Russian Academy of Science (no.
12-C-4-1011 and no. 8), Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Science (no. 12-4-7-004-ARCTICA) and RFBR
(no. 11-05-00246-a; 14-04-00932).
31
D
Food or history: What is the prevailing effect on cladoceran communities in
neighboring aquaculture ponds?
poster
1*
2
3
4
5
Zorka Dulić , Miroslav Živić , Miloš Ćirić , Katarina Bjelanović , Stanislav Čičovački ,
1
1
Maja Grubišić , Zoran Marković
1
Faculty of Agriculture, Institute for Animal Sciences, University of Belgrade, Serbia
Faculty of Biology, Institute for Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Belgrade, Serbia
3
Institute for Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Serbia
4
Faculty of Biology, Institute for Zoology, University of Belgrade, Serbia
5
Fish farm “Kapetanski rit”, Kanjiža, Serbia
2
* [email protected]
In semi-intensive fish production aquaculture ponds are filled with water seasonally,
from April to October. During the winter ponds are dried out and prepared for the
next season. Apart from grazing on zooplankton, as natural food, fish are fed with
supplemental feed.
In this study we analyze the abundance and diversity of cladocerans in nine
neighboring aquaculture ponds. Ponds have different history concerning frequencies
of exploitation for fish production. The ponds were stocked with an equal amount of
common carp yearlings per hectare. Fish were additionally fed with three different
types of feed: row cereals, pelleted and extruded. The feed treatment was provided
in triplicates so that every other pond had a different treatment, starting from row
cereals. Ponds were sampled for Cladocera and environmental parameters from May
to October. The results show that the ponds fed pelleted feed had the highest
abundance and diversity of cladocerans compared to cereals or extruded feed.
However, the strength of the feed treatment had a weakening trend starting from
the first three ponds towards the last pond. Thus, the first pond fed cereals had a
higher abundance of cladocerans than the rest of the ponds fed cereals or extruded
feed, except the first pond fed extruded feed. Moreover, the first two ponds had a
more or less consistent community of Cladocera throughout the season, while the
rest of the ponds had a decline starting mid summer. The environmental variables of
the ponds were even more inconsistent with the feed treatment, separating the first
two ponds fed pelleted and extruded feed from the rest as the most similar. We
presume that the weakening of the feed treatment effect is a result of the difference
in the exploitation history of the ponds that provided a richer cladoceran egg bank in
some ponds that overcame the effect of feed.
This study has been funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, the
project Improvement of production capacities of carp (Cyprinus carpio) through nutrition and selective
breeding programs (TR 31075) and FP7 project AREA (316004).
32
D
Morphology, Phylogeny, and Biogeography of Diaphanosoma (Branchiopoda:
Ctenopoda)
oral presentation
1, 2
1
1
1
1
1
Henri J. Dumont , Fei Fei Guo , Hua Chen , Cheng Dan , Ping Liu , Lei Xu , Arnola C.
3
4
2
1
Rietzler , Manuel Elias-Gutierrez , Andy Vierstraete , Bo-Ping Han
1
Department of Ecology and Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
Department of Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Gent, Belgium
3
Departement of general Biology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
4
El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Chetumal, Mexico
2
Diaphanosoma, with 40+ described species, is the largest genus of the Ctenopoda,
and is in many ways similar to the anomopod genus Daphnia. Here, we offer a
comparative morphological analysis of about 30 species, and COI analysis of about 12
species, aimed at gaining a better insight into the taxonomy and phylogeny of the
group. COI (confirmed to some extent by ITS sequences) reveal large genetic
distances between morphologically related species (e.g. in the birgei-group) and
cryptic speciation in others (e.g. in D. excisum). The rule in this genus is thus
(macro)morphological stasis in the presence of molecular evolution.
A search for micromorphological characters identified the number of setae on the
endopodite of P6, and the relative length of the apical setae of the exopodite of P6
as important and consistent markers, dividing the genus in two clades, the hexa-clade
(with 6 endital setae) and the hepta-group (with 7 setae). Taxonimcally, these clades
could be assigned the rank of subgenera or genera. Valid names for both are
available in the published literature (Diaphanosoma s.s. and Neodiaphanosoma).
A COI-based phylogenetic estimate arrives at the same conclusion as the
morphological study. A biogeographic analysis, finally, recovers the hexa-group
(containing about 10 species) as restricted to the tropics, with only limited
penetration of the subtropics (in contrast to Daphnia). The more speciose heptagroup lives in the temperate and continental climate zone, with limited extension
into sub-polar zones, but considerable penetration of the subtropics and tropics.
33
D
To be smaller or not to be? A possibility for adaptation of Daphnia to filamentous
cyanobacteria in the face of global warming.
student oral presentation
*
Marcin Krzysztof Dziuba , Sławomir Cerbin, Łukasz Wejnerowski
Adam Mickiewicz University, Faculty of Biology, Department of Hydrobiology, ul. Umultowska 89, 61-614
Poznań, Poland
* [email protected]
Global climatic changes, and in particular raising temperature of freshwater
ecosystems might cause a strong selection among populations of Daphnia. These
planktonic filter-feeders may suffer not only due to higher temperature itself, but
also because of the detrimental effects of filamentous blue-green algae which are
predicted to prevail in warmer conditions. Whether these factors can trigger some
evolutionary adaptations in Daphnia populations remains vague. Daphnia are known
to undergo hotter is smaller rule, therefore in warmer environment decrease in body
size is expected. Smaller size is generally considered as unfavorable. However,
smaller Daphnia are expected to perform better in the presence of blue-green’s
filaments. This study is aiming to verify two hypotheses: long-term exposure of
Daphnia to the increased temperature causes a decrease in their body size, and such
a decrease in size may be adaptive in the presence of filamentous cyanobacteria. The
global warming conditions are provided by artificially heated Konin lakes, inhabited
by Daphnia longispina species complex. Clones obtained from those lakes were used
in life-history experiment. They were exposed to three temperature regimes (15˚C;
19˚C and 23˚C) and two food regimes (green algal food as control and mixture
including filamentous cyanobacterium Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii). As a
reference, Daphnia from non-heated lakes located in the same area were utilized.
Preliminary experiments proved that daphnids from heated Konin lakes are better
suited to the presence of filamentous blue-green algae in terms of number of
newborns and lifespan; however they were not based on size reduction. The results
of the current experiment verify the putative adaptations towards the global
warming and indicate how the different temperature regimes affect their operation.
Research funded by the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education (project no. DI2012 014242).
34
E
Redescription of Euryalona brasiliensis Brehm & Thomsen, 1936 (Chydoridae,
Aloninae) and its translocation to the genus Kurzia Dybowski & Grochowski, 1894
poster
Lourdes M. A. Elmoor-Loureiro
Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
[email protected]
The taxonomic status of Euryalona brasiliensis Brehm & Thomsen, 1936 is unclear. It
was poorly described from a few specimens collected in Recife, Northeastern Brazil.
Its allocation in the genus Kurzia Dybowski & Grochowski, 1894 has been proposed in
literature, but, the lack of specimens from the type locality has prevented this
hypothesis from being evaluated until now. In the present study, based on specimens
from Recife and two other localities in Brazil, Euryalona brasiliensis is redescribed.
The morphology of head pores and trunk limbs supports its traslocation to the
genus Kurzia. In general morphology, Kurzia brasiliensis is close to Kurzia
polyspina Hudec, 2000, from which it is distinguished by a set of characters: smaller
size (maximum length 0.51 mm; smaller ovigerous female 0.40 mm), longer rostrum,
PP about 70% IP, postanal angle little projected and bearing three marginal spines
noticeably larger than the other ones, basal spine less than two times the claw width,
scrapers 1 and 2 on second trunk limb of similar size. These findings point to the need
to revise records of Brazilian Kurzia.
35
E
Diversity and distribution of Daphnia species across the Danube Delta lakes
student oral presentation
1,2*
3
1
1
3
Ioana Enache , Piet Spaak , Laura Parpală , Cristina Sandu , Patrick Turko , Iasmina
1,2
2
Moza , Geta Rîșnoveanu
1
Institute of Biology Bucharest, Department of Ecology, Taxonomy and Nature Conservation, Romanian
Academy, Bucharest, Romania;
2
University of Bucharest, Faculty of Biology, Department of Systems Ecology and Sustainable
Development, Bucharest, Romania;
3
Swiss Institute for Environmental Science and Technology (Eawag), Dübendorf, Switzerland
* [email protected]
The eutrophication of shallow lakes often triggers a series of ecological, cascading
effects. One of these is the shift from large-bodied Daphnia species to small-bodied
species, sometimes with populations going extinct. In case of population loss, lakes
can be recolonized from interconnected neighbouring ecosystems. In the present
study we screened several lakes (which differ in their long-term dynamics) in the
Danube Delta for the presence of Daphnia, using different sampling strategies,
considering the fact that for many of these lakes there are no historical plankton
data. Altogether we sampled the water column of 24 different lakes (June, October
2012, May, July and September 2013, and May, July 2014), as well as the sediment of
some of these lakes in September 2013. In 2014, we took additional qualitative
samples for genetic analysis. Based on the size and shape of the Daphnia ephippia in
the sediment, we found that the taxonomic structure (large and small-bodied
Daphnia) differ in various lakes. In addition, we found discrepancies between the
taxonomic patterns based on ephippia and the presence or absence of living Daphnia
individuals in the water column, within the same lake. In several lakes, we found
large-bodied (D. magna) ephippia in the sediment but not in the water column. Using
microsatellites, we analysed in more detail the genetic structure of the Daphnia
population in lakes. Moreover, we investigated the presence and absence of hybrids
and parental species of the D. longispina group. We present first genetic analyses
about the connectivity between populations and compare that with the hydrological
connectivity of the lakes.
This study was supported by the Swiss Enlargement Contribution in the framework of the Romanian-Swiss
Research Programme.
36
E
Metropole Flanders: spatial and environmental determinants in cladoceran
community composition along an urbanization gradient in Flanders.
student oral presentation
1*
1
Jessie Engelen , Kristien Brans , Luc De Meester
1
1
Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Ch. De
Bériotstraat 32, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
* [email protected]
Ever since the existence of mankind, humans have had an enormous influence on
natural systems. Due to our increasing population numbers and higher standard of
living, this impact is still increasing. Recently, there is increasing interest in the direct
and indirect impacts of urbanization on biodiversity and ecosystems, which might act
both on a local and regional scale. The main aim of our study is to understand to
what extent urbanization is influencing metacommunity structure of zooplankton,
and at what scale urbanization is driving metacommunity processes. We conducted a
large field survey of 81 ponds, during summer 2013, across urbanization gradients in
Flanders. In addition to physico-chemical variables, the entire foodweb was
characterized and morphometric characteristics of the pond as well as regional
variables (number of ponds within 500m, land use in direct vicinity of pond) were
quantified. Thanks to the use of a stratified hierarchical design, we were able to
differentiate between local and regional effects of urbanization. Based on a GIS
analysis of the percentage of built-up area, we defined an urbanizational gradient at
both a regional (consisting of 3 by 3 kilometers plots) and local scale (comprising of
200 by 200 meters subplots). This translates into 3 specific urbanization classes (high,
medium and low) at each scale. For each class we selected 9 plots at the regional
scale (i.e. 27 plots in total), and within each plot 3 ponds were chosen based on the
different urbanization classes at subplot level. A first exploratory data analysis was
conducted on the resulting dataset, focusing on structure within the environmental
data and the relationship between taxon composition of the cladoceran community
and both environmental and spatial drivers.
a)
b)
This study is part of the Spatial and Environmental Eco-evolutionary Dynamics (SPEEDY) project: a
collaborative project funded by the IAP program of Belspo.
This study has been funded by the agency of innovation by science and technology (IWT, project no.
121625)
37
E
Competitive interactions between Daphnia cf. mendotae and littoral cladocerans in
presence of exudates from the macrophyte Egeria densa
student poster
1*
2**
Cristian Alberto Espinosa-Rodríguez , S.S.S. Sarma , S. Nandini
2
1
Posgrado en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad
Universitaria, Av. Universidad 3000, CP 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
2
Laboratorio de Zoología Acuática, División de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Nacional Autónoma
de México, Campus Iztacala, Av. de los Barrios # 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, CP 54090. Estado
de México, Mexico.
* [email protected]
This Egeria densa produces allelochemicals that affect several phytoplankton and
zooplankton species. Littoral cladocerans that grow among the macrophytes may
develop resistance to the allelochemicals which would give them a competitive edge
against planktonic cladocerans such as Daphnia which migrate to the littoral areas
during the day. In this work we evaluated separately the competitive effect of
Daphnia cf. mendotae on population growth of littoral cladocerans (Diaphanosoma
birgei, Macrothrix triserialis and Simocephalus mixtus) in the presence and absence of
infochemicals from E. densa. The macrophyte was isolated and maintained for 48
hours in reconstituted hard water at a density similar to that in the field. Medium
containing the exudates was used for the experiments and compared controls (no
exudates). Cladocerans (separately or in competition) were inoculated at an initial
-1
6
density of 0.5 ind.ml into the test jars containing Scenedesmus acutus at 0.5 X 10
-1
cells ml . The cladocerans were counted daily until the populations began to decline.
-1
In competition, the population growth rates (0.07 - 0.21d ) of all tested cladocerans
-1
were lower than those without competition (0.09 - 0.24 d ). Monospecific cultures in
presence of exudates of E. densa had greater population abundances and higher
growth rates. Our results showed that exudates of E. densa had a positive effect on
the cladocerans and did not determine the competitive success of littoral species in
the presence of Daphnia cf. mendotae.
**
Corresponding author: [email protected]
38
F
Planktonic cladocerans in a deep, low productive boreal lake (Lake Pääjärvi): annual
variability relative to the thermal conditions, water colour and phytoplankton
poster
1*
2
1
2
Elena Fefilova , Tiina Tulonen , Olga Kononova , Lauri Arvola , Elena Kochanova
1
1
Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Center of Ural Division of Russian Academy of Sciences, 28
Kommunisticheskaya str., Syktyvkar, 167982, Russia
2
University of Helsinki, Lammi Biological Station, Finland
*[email protected]
Planktonic cladocerans were identified and counted from Lake Pääjärvi, southern
2
Finland, since 2000 until 2012 . Pooled samples from the uppermost 15 m water layer
were taken, on average, once a month during the ice-free period since May until
November, and a few times in winter during the ice-cover period. All samples were
collected from the deepest point of the lake. At the time of sampling vertical profiles
for water temperature and oxygen concentration were measured and samples for
water chemistry and phytoplankton were analyzed. The results of cladocerans were
analyzed in relation to water temperature, Schmidt´s stability, thermocline depth,
water colour, and phytoplankton biomass and community composition.
Nine species of Cladocera were faund in zooplankton of Lake Pääjärvi. From which
Bosmina (Eubosmina) coregoni Baird, Daphnia (Daphnia) cristata Sars, Diaphanosoma
brachyurum (Lievin) and Limnosida frontosa Sars dominanted. Several morphological
variations of B. coregoni, four variations of D. cristata and two – (Daphnia) galeata
Sars were determinated in the Lake. Share of B. coregoni in the total cladoceran
abundance was 40.3%, D. cristata – 37.5%, D. brachyurum – 11.4%, L. frontosa –
5.2%. One maximum of abundance of cladoceran communities was observed in July.
-3
In this month the mean number was 5 000 ind.m . Age and sexual structures of
cladoceran populations changed during seasons. Females with eggs and embrions
have been occurred from May till October, and prevailed in June or July subject to
species and conditions. Latent eggs were recognized in September and October. In
theze mouths males of D. galeata were presented, males of other cladoceran species
were occurred from July till September.
2
The work was supported by project of RFBR no. 14-04-00932.
39
F
Effect of 17-α-methyl testosterone on the demographic variables of Moina
macrocopa
student poster
1*
2**
Michael Anai Figueroa-Sánchez , S. Nandini , S.S.S. Sarma
2
1
Posgrado en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad
Universitaria, Av. Universidad 3000, CP 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
2
Laboratorio de Zoología Acuática, División de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Nacional Autónoma
de México, Campus Iztacala, Av. de los Barrios # 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, CP 54090. Estado
de México, Mexico.
* [email protected]
Aquaculture in Mexico is an important economic activity. Several strategies are being
used to augment fish production including the use of hormones such as 17-α-methyl
testosterone to induce sex reversal in commercially important species such as Tilapia
in order to ensure greater somatic growth. Although these hormones are constantly
entering water bodies, there is very little information available on their effect on
planktonic communities. In this study we present information on the effect of 17-αmethyl testosterone on the demographic variables of Moina macrocopa.
Demographic studies were conducted in 50 ml test jars, at concentrations of 0.025,
-1
0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 mg L with four replicates per treatment. Into each recipient we
introduced 10 neonates of M. macrocopa; the medium was changed daily and the
data on survivorship and fecundity were recorded. With a similar experimental
design, population growth studies were also conducted where we recorded
additionally the male:female ratio. The population growth rates ranged from 0.10 to
-1
-1
0.35 d and were lower at high concentrations of the hormone (0.1 and 0.2 mg L ).
Low doses of the hormone resulted in significantly higher reproduction in the
cladocerans as compared to the controls. Greater differences were observed in the
fecundity rather than survivorship related variables in the presence of the hormone.
Our study indicates that the constant presence of hormones in fish ponds will have a
strong impact on the cladoceran community.
**
Corresponding author: [email protected]
40
F
Cladoceran assemblages of polygon ponds in the Kolyma Lowland (north-east
Siberia, Russia)
poster
1*
2
Larisa Frolova , Sebastian Wetterich , Lutz Schirrmeister
1
2
*
2
Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan, Russia;
Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Potsdam, Germany
[email protected]
The abundance and diversity of Cladocera from permafrost areas is currently
documented in scattered records with incomplete ecological characterizations. In the
surroundings of Pokhodsk (north-east Yakutia, Siberia, Russia) Cladocera assemblages
from 31 small periglacial waters with polygonal origin were sampled (POK-01 to POK31). Different types of polygon ponds with respect to their degradation stage were
chosen; for example ponds in polygon depressions (intrapolygon ponds), above
degrading ice wedges (interpolygon ponds) have been studied. Water and air
temperatures largely corresponded. Electrical conductivity varies between 23 and
132 µS/cm. The measured pH values range between 6 and 7 with the exception of
ponds POK-26 (pH 4.8) and POK-27 (pH 4.7) which were located on the
Khallerchinskaya Tundra. The major ion composition of the 31 pond waters was
dominated by Ca within the cations and HCO3 within the anions.
The monitoring site POK-01 (69.09510°N, 160.93877°E) is located in the Viska
floodplain and is part of a low-center polygon field. We selected a typical
intrapolygon pond in order to investigate its present-day abiotic and biotic
conditions. The pond substrate is composed of fine dispersed organic mud with
weakly decomposed plant material.
Substrate properties, physical and hydrochemical conditions in the studied ponds
offered largely homogeneous habitats across different landscape units and pond
types to Cladocera. River flooding and differences in morphology between pond
types resulted in variations in sediment, vegetation, hydrochemical and stable water
isotope composition of the ponds. Ponds in the river floodplain and intrapolygon
ponds hosted the most diverse cladocera fauna while species diversity was lowest in
thaw lakes. Seasonal succession of the most common Cladocera taxa in the Pokhodsk
ponds revealed that water temperature explained much of the changes in
abundance. The maximum cladoceran abundance was measured at or immediately
after the seasonal temperature maximum.
The part of this work was supported by the joint Russian–German project (DFG Grant No. HE 3622-16-1)
and the part of this work was performed according to the Russian Government Program of Competitive
Growth of KFU. L. Frolova was supported by the subsidy allocated to Kazan Federal University for the state
assignment in the sphere of scientific activities.
41
G
Toxicity of cadmium to Moina macrocopa (Cladocera) through different generations
poster
1*
1
2
José Luis Gama Flores , María Elena Huidobro-Salas , S.S.S. Sarma , S. Nandini
2
1
National Autonomous University of Mexico, Biology Career, FES Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, Edo. de México,
Mexico
2
National Autonomous University of Mexico, Division of Research & Postgraduate Studies, FES Iztacala,
Tlalnepantla, Edo. de México, Mexico
* [email protected]
There is enough evidence showing that heavy metals including cadmium cause stress
symptoms and thus modulate the life history of aquatic organisms including
zooplankton. Cadmium is one of the most toxic heavy metals to cladocerans affecting
both survival and reproduction. Cadmium toxicity tests to cladocerans largely involve
acute tests or chronic evaluations for just one generation. However, transgenerational tests are of fundamental importance for understanding how the species
survive in a polluted environment. From the published work, it is not clear if cadmium
effects are trans-generational among cladocerans. In this work, we used life-table
experiments to test the effects of different concentrations of Cd (0.0 (= control), 0.2,
0.3, and 0.4 mg/L of CdCl2) on the life-history of Moina macrocopa, through different
generations (F0, F1, F2 and F3). For each generation, we measured average lifespan
(ALS), gross reproductive rate (GRR) and net reproductive rate (NRR), generation time
(GT) and the rate of population increase (r ). For M. macrocopa in controls the life
history data showed no significant differences among the generations; the mean
values were ALS: 13 d, GRR: 32 offspring /female, NRR 15 offspring / female, GT 8 d
and r 0.45 / d. However, compared to controls, the life history variables of M.
macrocopa were adversely affected not only with increase in Cd concentration but
also with increasing generations of the tested cladoceran. The ALS, GRR, NRR, GT and
the r of M. macrocopa exposed to 0.3 mg/L of Cd and at the F3 generation were: 9 d,
18 offspring /female , 6 offspring /female, 7 d, and 0.3/d. Our data showed that Cd
had a cumulative effect through different generations of Moina macrocopa.
This study has been funded by the PAPCA (project no. FESI-DIP-PAPCA-2014-61)
42
G
Disentangling the role of body size and evolutionary history on cladoceran grazing
rates
student oral presentation
1*
Andros Gianuca and Luc De Meester
1
1
Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, KU Leuven, Leuven - 3000, Belgium
* [email protected]
The long-term evolution of a particular trait or combination of traits within lineages
may affect current ecological processes. If functional traits are conserved along the
phylogeny, one may predict the functionality of a given ecosystem by knowing the
phylogenetic composition of its constituent species. Cladocerans perform a key
function in freshwater ecosystems by controlling algae blooms. The size efficiency
hypothesis (SEH) states that larger species are more efficient grazers on
phytoplankton. Many studies have been conducted to assess the relevance of SEH,
sometimes showing contradictory results. Since species are not independent from
each other, we hypothesized that taking evolutionary history into account in addition
to information on body size may allow one to predict grazing rates more accurately.
To test this, we measured grazing rates standardized by biomass in 14 cladoceran
species under controlled laboratory conditions. We built a phylogenetic tree and
extracted a distance matrix based on branch lengths. We then used variation
partitioning to disentangle the pure and shared effects of body size and phylogeny on
grazing rates. We found that phylogeny explained 66.5% of the variation in grazing
rate. Approximately half of this amount could also be explained by body size,
resulting in a shared effect of phylogeny and body size. Near 35% of variation in
grazing rate was explained purely by phylogeny. Surprisingly, body size alone was not
a relevant predictor for biomass-corrected grazing rates. Closely related species that
are strongly divergent in body size show similar grazing efficiencies per unit biomass.
Conversely, distantly related species that are similar in body size perform
considerably different. While this sheds a different light on the SEH, it should also be
mentioned that so far we only tested for grazing efficiency on a standardized food,
i.e. the green alga Scenedesmus obliquus.
a)
A. Gianuca was funded by the Brazilian government through a “Science Without Borders” doctoral
scholarship.
43
G
Competition between Moina macrocopa and Alona glabra influenced by
emerging contaminants and turbidity of the medium
student poster
1*
2
3
Brenda González-Pérez , Aarón Gayosso-Morales , D.J. Chaparro-Herrera , S.
3
3**
Nandini , S.S.S. Sarma
1
Posgrado en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad
Universitaria, Av. Universidad 3000, CP 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
2
Posgrado de Ciencias Quimicobiológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
3
Laboratorio de Zoología Acuática, División de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Nacional Autónoma
de México, Campus Iztacala, Av. de los Barrios # 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, CP 54090. Estado
de México, Mexico.
* [email protected]
Several factors influence interactions among zooplankton and these include the
presence of contaminants and turbidity. Amoxicillin is the most consumed drug in
Mexico and enters the aquatic systems through wastewater. Turbidity may have
synergistic or antagonistic effects on zooplankton, depending on the contaminant
tested. Here we analyzed the combined effect of amoxicillin, an emerging
contaminant and turbidity on the population growth of Alona glabra and Moina
macrocopa. Cultures were maintained under laboratory conditions. The cladoceran
-1
population growth was observed under the influence of amoxicillin at 50 - 500 µg L ,
at turbidity levels of 50 and 100 NTU, depending on the sensitivity of the species. The
6
-1
food level used was 0.5 X 10 cells ml of Scenedesmus acutus. Experiments were
conducted in 100 ml recipients with 50 ml of medium into which we introduced 0.2
-1
ind. ml of a mixed age group for each cladoceran species. All experiments were
conducted in quadruplicate. We found that A. glabra showed low population growth
in the presence of Moina macrocopa, but higher survivorship at high levels of
-1
amoxicillin (500 µg L ) and turbidity (100 NTU). The maximum population density
was observed between 7-14 days depending on the antibiotic and turbidity of
medium for both species. The population growth rate was lower at 100 NTU but
higher at 50 NTU. Our observations further indicated that Alona glabra is well
adapted to live in polluted conditions as has been documented in the contaminated
and often turbid Lake Xochimilco. The competitive ability of this species in relation to
the drug levels has been discussed.
** Corresponding author: [email protected]
44
G
Is total castration optimal?
Empirical evidence from a crustacean-bacterium host-parasite system
student oral presentation
*
Liron Goren , Michal Reisler, Frida Ben-Ami
Department of Zoology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801,
Israel
*[email protected]
Models of virulence evolution typically define virulence as parasite-induced host
mortality. However, host castration is an equally-virulent effect of the parasite, and
most models predict that castrating parasites should evolve to castrate their hosts as
soon as possible to maximize resource availability. In reality, however, parasitic
castration is not necessarily instantaneous, nor must it be permanent. Here we used
the well-studied Daphnia magna-Pasteuria ramosa system to investigate (i) how
common is total (or near total) castration, (ii) whether the parasite incurs costs for
total vs. partial or delayed host castration, and (iii) whether there is a genetic basis
constraining this phenomenon. Our results show that castration is far from being
total. We found that about 16% of infected Daphnia did not become castrated
throughout their entire lifespan, and total castration occurred in only 13% of
castrated Daphnia. In comparison with uninfected controls, the majority of castrated
individuals exhibited fecundity compensation in the form of early reproduction.
Furthermore, approximately 32% of castrated individuals regained the ability to
reproduce after castration, releasing 1-3 clutches before they died. We also found
that parasite spore production is not maximized if the host is castrated too early or
too late, and that the relationship between time-to-host-castration and parasite
spore production has a strong GxG basis. Taken together, our results suggest that
host castration is under strong selection by both antagonists, and that there is an
optimal level of virulence (in terms of time-to-host-castration) that maximizes
parasite fitness. This trade-off has a genetic basis and it may be due to a trade-off
between the efficiency of host exploitation and host susceptibility. These interactions
may explain why not all castrating parasites exhibit total castration.
45
G
Why a Daphnia hybrid outcompeted its parental species? A story about a “super
clone”.
student oral presentation
1,2*
2
2
2,3
Johanna Griebel , Sabine Gießler , Monika Poxleitner , Amanda Navas Faria ,
1
Justyna Wolinska
1
Department of Ecosystem Research, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries,
Mueggelseedamm 301, 12587 Berlin, Germany
2
Department of Biology II, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Grosshaderner Str. 2, 82152 PlaneggMartinsried, Germany
3
Present address: Animal Breeding and Genetics, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Albrecht-Thaer-Weg
3, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
4
The Institute of Biodiversity Science, School of Life Science, Fudan University, 200433 Shanghai, China
* [email protected]
Hybridization within the animal kingdom has been underestimated for a long time.
Hybrids have often been considered to be less fit than their parental species. In the
present study, we observed that the Daphnia community of a small lake in Munich
was repeatedly dominated by a single D. galeata × D. longispina hybrid clone – the
“super clone". Also in artificial communities consisting of the “super clone” and
subsets of other clones from parental species and hybrids, the “super clone” took
over within about ten generations. What makes this hybrid clone so successful?
Neither the fitness assay conducted under different temperatures, nor under
crowded and non-crowded environments, nor the carrying capacity test revealed any
outstanding life history parameters of the “super clone”. However, under simulated
winter conditions (i.e. low temperature, food and light), the “super clone” eventually
showed a higher survival probability and higher fecundity compared to parental
species. Thus, enhanced overwintering possibilities as parthenogenetic lineages
might explain the successful establishment of hybrids within the D. longispina
complex. In extreme cases, a superior hybrid genotype might remain the only
abundant clone after cold winters. Overall, our study shows that novel trades, such as
overwintering, might promote successful establishment of hybrids in nature.
46
H
Contrasting patterns of life history evolution and ageing between small and large
populations of Daphnia magna
oral presentation
12*
Christoph Haag , Jennifer Lohr
2
1
Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive – CEFE UMR 5175, CNRS – Université de Montpellier –
Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier – EPHE, campus CNRS, 1919, route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier
Cedex 5, France
2
University of Fribourg, Ecology and Evolution, Ch. du Musée 10, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
* [email protected]
Recently it has been proposed that non-adaptive evolution may largely explain
variation in genome structure across eukaryotes, but the potential role of nonadaptive processes in explaining variation in phenotypes and life-histories also within
species is still poorly understood. Here we use the small crustacean Daphnia magna,
a species that occurs in populations with strongly contrasting population sizes,
associated with strongly contrasting levels of genetic drift. We find that individuals
from small populations consistently show signs of strong genetic load in all lifehistory parameters assessed. No evidence for trade-offs along the slow-fast lifehistory continuum are observed. Rather, traits are highly consistent with patterns of
inbreeding depression and hybrid vigour predicted from drift load theory: individuals
from large, but not from small populations show strong inbreeding depression.
Conversely, individuals from small, but not from large populations show strong hybrid
vigour upon outcrossing among populations. These findings extend also to the rate of
ageing with mortality hazards increasing at a much higher rate in individuals from
small compared to individuals from large populations. The latter observation is
important with respect to evolutionary theories of ageing because it suggests nonadaptive ageing in D. magna. Overall, our study shows that within a single species,
levels of genetic drift can vary among populations to a degree that strongly affects
phenotypic and life-history evolution.
47
H
Spatial population genetic structure of the water flea Daphnia along an agegradient of novel habitats created by ice retreat in Greenland
student oral presentation - CANCELLED
1*
1, 2
4
Tsegazeabe H. Haileselasie , Joachim Mergeay , Lawrence J. Weider , Erik
3
1
Jeppesen and Luc De Meester
1
KU Leuven, Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, Ch. Deberiotstraat 32-B-3000
Leuven,
2
Research Institute for Nature and Forest, Belgium,
3
Aarhus University, Department of Bioscience, Vejlsøvej 25, Denmark
4
University of Oklahoma, Department of Biology, Norman, OK, 73071, USA
* [email protected] ; [email protected]
In response to climate change, glaciers are retreating at a high rate in different part
of the world. Glacier retreat has been well documented in the Jakobshavn-glacier of
Greenland. This has created new ponds and lakes available for colonization by a key
plankton organism, the water flea Daphnia. We test the effects of historical factors
(colonisation dynamics) and environmental sorting on patterns of population genetic
structure in a metapopulation of the Daphnia pulex species complex along an age
gradient created by retreat of ice sheet. We genotyped 1420 individuals at 9
microsatellite loci, and we DNA barcoded 1-5 individuals from each multilocus
genotype. We identified 42 clones belonging to two species (D. pulicaria and D. cf.
middendorffiana) that widely varied in spatial distribution. Daphnia pulicaria was the
dominant species and D. cf. middendorffiana occurred in some water bodies. All
populations of both species appeared to reproduce through obligate parthenogenesis
and were polyploid. Genetic differentiation among populations was higher in older
(mean Sorensen similarity index 0.52) than in younger systems. Overall, we observed
that the relative abundance of clones in habitats was strongly related to
environmental rather than to spatial variables, providing evidence for strong sorting
along environmental gradients (i.e. conductivity and nutrients). This shows that
dispersal limitation was not important in this system, even not in the young habitats
(age approx 10 - 50 years).
48
H
Daphnia magna in nanoecotoxicological studies: the state of the art
poster
*
Margit Heinlaan , Irina Blinova, Anne Kahru
National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Tallinn,
Estonia
* [email protected]
a
The production of nanomaterials is a rapidly growing business with an estimated
global market of 11 million tons in 2012. Since nanoparticles are being increasingly
used for a variety of applications, they are bound to end up in the environment at
some stage of their life-cycle. Evaluation of biological effects of nanoparticles is
technically challenging as non-functionalised nanoparticles do not usually yield stable
aquatic suspensions. Behavioural and physiological characteristics of the cladoceran
Daphnia magna, an OECD test species in aquatic toxicology, make it a suitable
organism for addressing different nanoparticle exposure scenarios such as external
sorption as well as ingestion. Currently the three most discussed toxicity induction
phenomena of engineered nanoparticles are i) release of toxic amounts of
bioavailable heavy metal ions from metallic nanoparticles, ii) oxidative and iii)
mechanical damage. D. magna is extremely sensitive to heavy metal ions, has
sensitive nervous system and its exoskeleton has large surface area that is further
increased by a vast number of resident microorganisms. The listed characteristics are
some aspects for justifying the use of Daphnia magna for nanoecotoxicological
research. However, for environmental risk assessment purposes, more toxicity data
should be generated in environmentally relevant test settings such as in the natural
water. In one of the "flagship" large-scale EU FP7 nanosafety projects, NanoValid, D.
magna has been proposed as a reference model for evaluating the adverse biological
effects of engineered nanoparticles in the freshwater environment. In our
presentation we (i) summarise the nanotoxicity data obtained in our laboratory using
D. magna; (ii) compare and analyse Daphnia data with other keystone ecotoxicology
species (algae, fish) and (iii) envisage the prevailing directions of the respective
research, including the mechanistic research.
a
Engineered nanoparticles are intentionally produced particles with at least one dimension in-between 1100 nm
This study has been funded by Estonian Science Foundation project ETF9347, IUT 23-5 of the Estonian
Ministry of Education and Research and EU FP7 Project NanoValid under Grant Agreement No. 263147
49
H
Natural (?) selection and local adaptation in Daphnia
student poster
Maike Herrmann
1,2*
1,2
3
, Nicole Henning , Mathilde Cordellier , Klaus Schwenk
4
1
Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Department for Adaptation and Climate, Frankfurt am Main,
Germany
3
University of Hamburg, Zoological Institute, Molecular Evolutionary Biology, Hamburg, Germany
4
University of Koblenz-Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, Molecular Ecology, Landau in der
Pfalz, Germany
2
* [email protected]
Using simultaneously population genetic data of natural populations, laboratory
experiments (life history) and the analysis of neutral and candidate genes (related to
temperature) allowed us to unravel patterns of adaptation in the Daphnia longispina
species complex. In a candidate gene coding for a trypsin (TRY5F), we detected
signals of local adaptation possibly in response to different temperature regimes in
lakes as well as patterns of adaptive introgression (gene flow among species). We
genotyped 50 different Daphnia clones that had been subjected to three different
temperature regimes in order to measure fitness relevant life history traits. Due to
low genetic variation of experimental clones at the marker for candidate gene TRY5F,
association tests for this locus were not feasible. The low diversity of this locus in
comparison to other protein-coding loci (and in comparison with field data) might be
caused by selective hatching of resting eggs, limited sample size or artificial
laboratory selection. The comparison of genes showing signs of selection and genes
indicating selectional neutrality among several populations, as well as the life history
experiments provided evidence for natural selection. However, whether the loss of
variation in the marker for TRY5F also represents a signature of selection or results
from artificial “laboratory” selection is discussed.
50
I
South Amerian Ephippia Research Network
poster
1
2
3
4
5
Carlos Iglesias , Claudia Bonecker , Jorge Coronel , Cristina Crispim , Eneida Eskinazi ,
6
7
8
9
Paulina Maia-Barbosa , Eliana Panarelli , Jorge Portinho , Jayme Santangelo ,
10
Edinaldo Santos-Silva
1
Dpto Ecología Básica y Aplicada Centro Universitario de la Región Este-Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad
de la República, Uruguay.
2
Universidade Federal de Maringá, Brasil.
3
Universidad Mayor de San Simón, Cochabamba, Bolivia.
4
Universidade Federal de Paraíba, Brasil.
5
Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Brasil.
6
Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brasil.
7
Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil.
8
Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Brasil.
9
Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.
10
Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Brasil.
Cladoceran ecology research mainly focuses in the analysis of actual communities,
however, several species are characterized for the production of resting eggs
(ephippia) which allows them to recolonize after harsh environmental conditions or
even colonize new systems, thus, escaping in time and space. Ephippia usually
accumulate in lake sediments and become part of the egg-bank. Research on the
tructure and dynamic of the egg-banks started some years ago with pioneer studies
by Frey and Stross in the ‘60s and later with contributions by DeStassio, Hairston and
Caceres (USA), Brendonck, DeMesester, Bronmark, Hansson, Gyllstrom and
Vandekerkhove (Europe), among others. Through empirical and experimental
approaches these authors studied the egg-banks dynamics, as well as, the
enviromental factors that triggered both the diapause start and break in temperate
systems. In warmer regions, like South America, this studies are much more recent,
thus, our knowledge is lower. However, the existence of an interesting amount of
laboratories that shares this topic as research focus was identified by conducting and
exhaustive literature review of published studies on resting-eggs in the area. Eleven
laboratories were identified (8 in Brazil, 1 in Bolivia, Uruguay and Venezuela,
respectively), an ad hoc questionaire was sent to them asking for the used
methodologies, how long they have been researching this topic, their interaction with
other labs and the kind of environments analyzed. A working group was created and
some collaborative initiatives and networking started, for example sharing
identification keys and the South American Barcoding and Eclosion Research on
Zooplankton Project (SabeRZOO) is about to start with the participation of several of
the above mentioned Labs. In the present work we present the main results already
achieved by the network as well as the labs geographic and institution locations,
topics and methodologies being used, together with the (SabeR)ZOO protocol.
51
I
High frequency sampling reveals unexpectedly high cladoceran diversity after fish
structure change in a subtropical lake
oral presentation
1, 3
1
1, 4
1
Miriam Gerhard , Carlos Iglesias* , Mariana Meerhoff , Juan P. Pacheco ,
1
1
1
1
Guillermo Goyenola , Franco Teixeira de Mello , Claudia Fosalba , Juan Clemente ,
1, 2
Nestor Mazzeo
1
Departamento de Ecología Teórica y Aplicada, Centro Universitario de la Región Este, Universidad de la
República. Tacuarembó s/n, esq Av Artigas, CP 20000, Maldonado, Uruguay.
2
Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
3
PEDECIBA, Universidad de la República, Uruguay.
4
Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Vejlsøvej 25, 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark.
* [email protected]
Laguna Blanca (34°54´S, 54°50´W; Maldonado, Uruguay) is a shallow subtropical lake;
characterized by a highly abundant fish community that comprized until 2009 only
two species of small omnivorous-planktivorous Cyprinodontiformes (J. multidentata
and C. decemmaculatus) and a cladoceran community dominated by small species
(e.g. Bosmina and Diaphanosoma spp), mainly during cold months. However, some
earlier studies on zooplankton resting eggs in the sediment and fish exclusion
mesocosm experiments suggested that Daphnia and Simocephalus specimens were
present in the lake, despite never been found earlier in contemporary water
samples. In 2011, the ocurrence of other four omnivorous or omnipiscivorous fish
species was evidenced (two Siluriformes, one Cichliformes,one Characiformes). In the
present work, we combined a high frequency (fortnightly) zooplankton sampling
during two years, both in open waters and littoral areas, with a continuous
measurement of temperature, dissolved oxygen, water transparency and
phytoplankton chlorophyll-a (by an unattended sonde in the open water). We also
2
took sediment samples from both habitats with a 6.5 cm kayak corer and analyzed
the top 5 cm for cladoceran resting eggs. We found a relative unexpected high
cladoceran species richness along the 2 years in water samples (a total of 25 species),
with rapid species replacement and with the appearence of two Daphnia species, D.
hyalina and D. pulex. This occurred for relative short periods but in high densities
and associated with low chlorophyll-a concentrations in the lake. The seed bank
composition seemed not as rich as the active community found in the water column
during the studied period. Our results suggests that high frequency sampling
evidenced a highly variable and richer cladoceran community and concur with
previous results that suggested under a low fish predation scenario (expected with
the appearence of carnivorous fish in this lake), subtropical zoolankton can, despite
briefly, suppress phytoplankton development.
52
J
Water chemistry versus flooding mitigation measures in flood plain ponds,
implications for Cladoceran diversity and community structure?
poster
1*
Thomas C. Jensen and Bjørn Walseng
1
1
Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Gaustadalléen 21, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway
* [email protected]
River floodplains are highly dynamic systems influenced by annual flooding
processes. One of the characteristic elements of this landscape is the many small
water bodies (oxbow lakes and ponds) with their unique flora and fauna. Floodplains
are under strong pressure from human activities altering the natural flow regimes
and threatening their ecological functioning. For example the construction of dams
for hydropower and establishment of levees and dikes for flood defence will
homogenize river flow and separate the river and its floodplain reducing the lateral
movement of water, nutrients and organisms. This could have important
consequences for the biodiversity of floodplain ponds. We conducted a study to
evaluate the relative importance of flood defences and water chemistry in
determining the Cladoceran diversity and community structure in ponds at the
Glomma flood plain in South Eastern Norway. The 20 studied ponds represented a
gradient in area and water chemistry, and half of them were located behind flood
defences. We recorded 39 Cladoceran species in the ponds. The species number
varied between 8 and 17 per locality (average 12 species), but the mean species
number was lower in ponds behind flood defences than in ponds without flood
defences. The impact of environmental variables (pond size, water chemistry,
presence of flood defence) on species richness, diversity and composition of
Cladoceran assemblages are tested by various statistical techniques. The results
illustrate the complex interplay between various environmental factors on the
biodiversity of flood plain ponds.
53
J
Cladocera response to climate change in five high mountain lakes from Sierra
Nevada over the last 150 years
student poster
1*
Laura Jiménez , Carmen Pérez-Martínez
1
1
Institute of Water Research, Department of Ecology, University of Granada, Spain
* [email protected]
Subfossil cladocera changes were analyzed from sediment cores of five alpine lakes in
Sierra Nevada Mountains (Southeast of Spain). We explore whether changes in
cladoceran community can be linked to changes in mean temperature, NAO index
and primary production. We identified a few different species, belonging mainly to
Bosminidae, Daphnidae and Chydoridae families in all five lakes. The main planktonic
species (Daphnia pulex gr.) was observed in three lakes, and the main littoral-benthic
species (Chydorus sphaericus and Alona quadrangularis) in all of them. Some of these
species show significant density changes along the profile. A.quadrangularis relative
abundance shows an important increase during the last decades mainly from early
90s synchronous with the decrease of C. sphaericus in all the lakes, whereas D. pulex
increase occurs from 1970 in RS and 1990 in RSS and BG. A. quadrangularis and D.
pulex relative abundances through the cores are positively correlated to the
temperature and chlorophyll a record. The opposite is found for C. sphaericus.
Additionally, D. pulex was positively correlated to the NAO index only in RS. The main
variation in cladocera species assemblage was summarized by a principal
components analysis. PCA 1 scores explained the main variation in these species, and
were correlated significantly with temperature and chlorophyll a in all these five
lakes. We hypothesized that the increase of large planktonic species during the
second half of the 20th century could be associated to climatic change by way of
longer ice-free period favoring large species growth, and affecting the habitat
structure and the ratio between planktonic and littoral Cladocera. In addition, D.
pulicaria is probably benefited by Saharan dust calcium, because this species is likely
limited by Ca in RS lake and Saharan dust is rich in Ca.
54
J
Naturally heterogeneous landscape can effectively slow down dispersal of aquatic
microcrustaceans (cladocerans included)
student oral presentation
1*
2
3
1,4
Petr Jan Juračka , Steven A. J. Declerck , Luboš Beran , Daniel Vondrák , Martin
1
1
1
Černý , Vladimír Kořínek , Adam Petrusek
1
Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Science, Department of Ecology, Prague, Czech Republic
Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Wageningen, The Netherlands
3
Agency for Nature Protection and Landscape Conservation of the Czech Republic, Kokořínsko - Máchův
kraj Protected Landscape Area Administration Mělník, Czech Republic
4
Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Science, Institute for Environmental Studies, Prague, Czech
Republic
2
*
[email protected]
Cladocerans and other crustaceans have been generally supposed to spread
effectively among the suitable habitats. Despite being passive dispersers, they seem
to be dispersal-limited only at very broad spatial scales, or among extreme habitats,
as in high mountain lakes or rock pools on the ocean shores. Within our study, we
demonstrate multiple identifications of strong spatial patterns in 42 microcrustacean
(cladocerans, copepods and ostracods) communities in heterogeneous Central
2
European landscape (272 km ), being formed by deep valleys demarcated by steep
slopes, with low abundance of waterfowl and sparse streams. Under these
conditions, all studied microcrustaceans seem to effectively move from one
freshwater pool to another within individual valleys, but much less among the pools
lying in different valleys. Therefore, much more variability of the microcrustacean
species composition in pools was explained by the geomorphological structure of the
landscape (2.6 %) and abundance of neighbouring water bodies (2.5 %), than by mere
geographic distances (0.2 %). Spatial structure explained also more variability of the
species composition (6.8 %), than measured environmental characteristics (4.5 %).
Low colonization rates were furthermore observed during an additional field
experiment conducted directly in the study area. Eight newly dug pools were
colonized by only 3 cladoceran, 2 copepod and 1 ostracod species during the first two
seasons since their creation (3 microcrustacean species per pool on average), while
other similar habitats lying in the immediate neighbourhood were inhabited by 15
cladoceran, 10 copepod and 5 ostracod species (12 microcrustacean species per pool
on average). In two pools located at the bottom of one of the deep canyons, we
discovered a phenotypically unusual Daphnia that turned out to be a distinct species.
th
It was described as Daphnia hrbaceki, named after the prominent 20 century Czech
hydrobiologist Jaroslav Hrbáček. Apparently, dispersal of this species is limited as
well; we are not aware of any other locality where it is found at present.
55
K
Biodiversity of crustacean zooplankton in lowland river ecosystem: the influence of
dam reservoir on the spatial diversity patterns of local communities
student oral presentation
Maciej Karpowicz
University of Białystok, Institute of Biology, Department of Hydrobiology, Bialystok, Poland
[email protected]
Diversity patterns of local crustacean zooplankton species assemblages and the
consequences of regional heterogeneity of habitats in source–sink metacommunities
were studied in the semi-natural lowland river ecosystem with the dam reservoir.
Zooplankton samplings were undertaken between 2009 and 2013 in different lotic
(river above reservoir, river on the section 130 km below reservoir, tributary streams)
and lentic environments (dam reservoir, floodplain and three groups of oxbow lakes:
lotic, semi-lotic and lentic). Totally 559 samples were analysed and 74 species of
crustacean zooplankton were identified. Obtained results suggest that oxbow lakes
can contribute significantly to regional biodiversity - more than 80% of all species was
found there. The highest species richness values and alpha biodiversity occurred in
the semi-lotic habitats. The dam reservoir was the huge source of crustacean
zooplankton for the outflowing river but did not significantly modify the biodiversity
of zooplankton in the river channel. However the strong trend of spatial decrease of
the similarity of crustacean communities in main riverbed at the distance of 130 km
was observed. At the same time the colonization of the new habitats by the
planktonic species from the reservoir was not affected by the distance from the
source. Relatively high values of the similarity of crustacean communities from the
oxbow lakes to the reservoir were caused by the eurytopic species (Chydorus
sphaericus and Mesocyclops leuckarti). These suggest that dispersal from the large
source of zooplankton to local communities is a very important process but the local
environmental factors such as habitat heterogeneity, water quality and community
interactions can be strong enough to decide on the structure of local crustacean
communities.
56
K
Using a virtual pond to study the adaptive value and ecological consequences of
diel vertical migration of zooplankton
student oral presentation
1*
1
Xavier Karreman , Luc De Meester , Herman Ramon
1
2
2
KULeuven, Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, Leuven, Belgium
KULeuven, Division of Mechatronics, Biostatistics and Sensors (MeBioS), Leuven, Belgium
* [email protected]
Diel vertical migration (DVM) of planktonic communities is a well studied
phenomenon. However, almost all field studies depend on detecting migrations of
large groups and cannot asses the actual movements of individuals. To better
understand the causes of vertical migration and the effects on the natural
environment, it is key to study the actual movements of individual migrators and the
drivers of their migrations. Since the individuals are the entities that migrate,
differences in individual DVM behaviour can have a profound effect on the overall
patterns of DVM we observe in the field. This is especially so when we take into
account individual phenotypic plasticity and genetic variability in DVM related traits,
and the possibility of evolutionary changes in the DVM behaviour of populations.
Based on laboratory experiments we have a good understanding of life history traits
affecting DVM and the proximate cues for vertical migration (relative changes in light
intensity, modified by predator presence, temperature and food limitation). We use a
spatial explicit, individual based modelling approach to recreate a virtual pond that
features major environmental gradients (light, temperature, nutrients) as well as
populations of food (planktonic algae modelled as a growing population that can be
suppressed by grazing) and predators (fish) to study (1) the behaviour of individual
zooplankton (Daphnia), (2) study the implications of genetic and phenotypic
variability in DVM behaviour at the population level and explore conditions that lead
to stable polymorphisms, and (3) study the ecological consequences of (variation in)
DVM behaviour on the algae and pond/lake ecosystem characteristics. I will present
the first result of the integrated model demonstrating phytoplankton growth with
grazing by zooplankton and diel vertical migration of individuals in response to light
cues and predation by fish.
This study is part of the Eco & Socio-Evolutionary Dynamics excellence centre SEEDS.
57
K
The current state and problems of the Cladoceran systematics
oral presentation
Nikolai Korovchinsky
A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
[email protected]
Since 1970s, a new era in the investigation of cladoceran systematics and genetic
started, during which about 550 taxa of species rank were studied (about 80 % of
currently known species). Most of them were revised or described as new to science
together with a number of taxa of genera and family ranks. The bulk of the species
belongs to families Chydoridae (49 %), Daphniidae (19 %), and Sididae (10 %), which
were predominantly investigated purely morphologically (82 % of species), while
others both morphologically and genetically. Among the latter group, only 33 species
(6 %) were described morphologically and treated taxonomically well enough and
may be regarded valid while others (66 species, 12 %) either are poorly described or
not described at all. Thus, it was found that genetic studies, pretended to play the
primary role in modern zoology, have a little positive influence on cladoceran
systematics. There is a good correspondence between species recognition by the
detailed morphological analysis and that with use of genetic criteria. This evidences
and the necessity to provide the taxonomic procedure unambiguously attach the
primary importance to morphological approach while genetic data should be viewed
as provided the additional useful characters. On the other hand, the latter ones
contribute much to the investigation of population structure, reproduction,
hybridization, dispersion and phylogenetic.
This study was supported by grant from the Russian Foundation of Basic Research (No. 04-12-00207a).
58
K
Pleistocene-earlier Holocene ephippia of the Cladocera associated with corps of
large mammals from the permafrost
oral presentation
Alexey A. Kotov
A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
[email protected]
If mid-later Holocene records of the Cladocera are very numerous, any Pleistocene
subfossils are only rarely recorded in the scientific literature. A study of several cores
taken in few palaeolocalities of Yukon, Alaska and Taimyr was resulted in numerous
findings of Daphnia and Simocephalus ephippia in different Pleistocene layers. A
specially promising source of the subfossil cladocerans is a permafrost of Siberia and
North America. Here I will report on some recent findings from Siberia. Special
attention will be paid to the cladoceran subfossils associated with several mammoth
corpses - attached to the wool, from midguts and coprolits. This is a unique source of
information on the fauna of temporary water bodies, which are not covered normally
by any studies of the palaeontologists. The most spectacular finding is a fur of the
wooly rhinoceros in the Bolshaya Chukochya River basin (North East Yakutia, Russia).
Numerous (more than 200 liters) mats of hairs include a diverse set of subfossil
remains of the land and freshwater animals and plants. Numerous (hundreds) of
ephippia were found, mostly belonged to Daphnia (Daphnia) longispina species
group. Some ephippia from the mats of hairs apparently belong to "Recent" Daphnia
(Ctenodaphnia) atkinsoni species group. Any populations of this group are present
now only in the steppe zone of Asia, and the closest known recent locality is
Mongolian Altai (Floessner, 1987), 4000 km away from the Bolshaya Chukochya River.
The cladoceran palaeorecords are a new source of information on so-called "tundrasteppe" (“mammoth steppe") Pleistocene ecotope. To this time, no DNA-available
material was found, a special expedition to the Eastern Siberian Arctic will be
organized to find it next year.
This study is supported by the Russian Science Foundation (grant 14-14-00778).
59
K
Recent state of taxonomy of the genus Daphnia O. F. Müller, 1785 (Anomopoda,
Cladocera): a critical review
oral presentation
Alexey A. Kotov
A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
[email protected]
Daphnia is a well-known example of the genus with a very confused taxonomy. This
review is aimed to demonstrate that taxonomy of Daphnia is difficult not only due to
some natural cases, but also because of imperfect activities of previous investigators.
A complete check-list of all species-group names of Daphnia was built using all
available literature sources, a graph of total number of taxa and number of valid taxa
described during each year, and a curve of accumulation of formal taxa from year to
year were constructed. Four main periods in the investigation of Daphnia taxonomy
were recognized, and only during the last period the rate of valid taxa was increased
by more than 50%. Overall, only 24 % of 361 known taxa of species rank seem to be
valid. Failure to find real, sometimes fine diagnostic characters, led to a tradition of
the Daphnia “pseudo-taxonomy” based mainly on the body shape with a great
importance of some characters of the antipredator morphology, which are extremely
plastic. The need of recent cladoceran taxonomy is to revise value of morphological
characters, reject using of the protective morphology traits, and pay more attention
to details of males and thoracic limbs in both males and females. The last taxonomic
revision of the genus was made by Jules Richard in 1896. The main need of Daphnia
systematics is its new, global revision which must be conducted in close coordination
with phylogenetic studies. But this revision is impossible without accurate
redescriptions of all previously described taxa, and continuous step-by-step resolving
taxonomical problems in different species groups. It is clear that now we are too far
from the finish of this great work, but we see the way how to move forward.
This study is supported by the Russian Science Foundation (grant 14-14-00778).
60
K
Habitat requirements of crustaceans in pastoral small water bodies: the effect of
overshading and human impact
oral presentation
*
Natalia Kuczyńska-Kippen , Barbara Nagengast, Małgorzata Wiśniewska
Department of Water Protection, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89, 61-614
Poznań, Poland
* [email protected]
The study, performed on fifty five small water bodies located within five separate
districts within the Wielkopolska region (Central West Poland), was conducted in
order to find the best predictors from among environmental variables (e.g. physicalchemical features, pond locality, the level of overshading, morphometric features,
type of pond, type of habitat, biometric features of macrophyte site) structuring the
habitat association of cladocerans and copepods. Crustaceans were studied in various
habitats, including 46 stations in the open water zone and 71 in the macrophyte beds
(elodeids – 49 sites, helophytes - 19 sites, nymphaeids – 3 sites). Zooplankton
samples were taken in triplicate from randomly chosen places within each station.
Biometric features of a macrophyte bed relating to plant stem length and biomass as
well as type of habitat were among the strongest predictors determining the habitat
selectivity of particular crustacean species. A strict division of crustaceans relating to
their size (small vs. large species) and habitat requirements (pelagic vs. littoral
species) was observed. Small species (e.g. Ceriodaphnia quadrangula) preferred
helophytes, which was attributed to the increasing volume of macrophytes in the
water unit. These organisms inhabited large and deep ponds with a lack of
overshading and also with fish presence and high chlorophyll a concentration. A
group of large species (e.g. Simocephalus exspinosus) chose elodeids and
nymphaeids, characterised by high macrophyte length and biomass. Moreover, they
showed a tendency to prefer small and shallow ponds with a high level of
overshading, with fish absence and high content of TP and DIN. Another important
parameter responsible for crustacean species distribution was the level of
anthropogenic transformation of a pond. Water bodies with strong human impact
were inhabited by small and eutrophic species (e.g. Bosmina longirostris), while
natural ponds were selectively chosen by large species, mainly of litoral origin (e.g.
Simocephalus exspinosus).
This work was supported by the Polish Committee for Scientific Research (KBN) under grant no. N N305
042739.
61
L
Distinct but neglected: The gravireceptive organ in Daphnia
oral presentation
1
1
1
1
Christian Laforsch , J. Fischer , B. Wolfschoon Ribeiro , B. Trotter , K. Schoppmann
1
1
Animal Ecology I, Universität Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
* [email protected]
Gravity represents the sole constant environmental factor in evolution. In the aquatic
environment, the impact of gravity especially for small organisms was qualified very
low. However, for plenty of pelagic organisms it is the only reliable cue for
orientation in a three-dimensional environment, especially in turbid or dark waters.
Little is known about the gravisensing mechanisms in most zooplankton species, as
statocysts have only been found in a few taxa. Here we report on a so far not
described gravireceptive organ in three Daphnia species consisting of two prominent
external structures on the abdomen known as postabdominal setae and associated
mechanoreceptive units (clustered scolopidia) at the setae base. High speed video
analysis revealed passive deflection of the setae caused by sinking along the
gravitational vector. The deflection pattern is processed by the connected scolopidia.
Behavioral analysis in weightlessness and after setae ablation showed that Daphnia´s
typical “hop-and-sink”-swimming is highly dependent on the gravitational vector, and
that setae ablated Daphnia are not able to sense gravity. The here described indirect
mechanism for gravireception combines methods used by terrestrial animals, albeit
the physical arrangement of sensor and mass are reversed. The gravitational force
acts on the whole body as in unicellular organisms or some insects, but instead of
internal sensors, large setae transmit the direction of the movement similar to
deflected clavate hairs or antennae used by some insects. The mechanism might be
conferrable to other plankton organisms and depicts the convergent evolution of
gravity perception in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems.
62
L
The effect of γ-radiation on hatching success of resting eggs and life cycle of
hatched females of cladoceran Moina macrocopa
oral presentation
1*
1
1
2
Tatiana Lopatina , Tatiana Zotina , Egor Zadereev , Natalia Oskina , Dmitry
1
Dementyev
1
Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, 2Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
*[email protected]
Aquatic ecosystems are contaminated with technogenic radionuclides due to various
nuclear activities and accidents. Bottom sediments serve as a sink of artificial
radionuclides. Many invertebrates produce resting stages that form an egg banks in
sediments. Egg banks are important for ecology and evolution of aquatic
communities. However little is known about the effect of ionizing radiation on the
resting stages. In this study we tested the effect of γ-radiation on resting eggs of
cladocerans Moina macrocopa, species widely used as test organism, in order to
determine the dose-response relationship and reveal sensitive endpoints. We
exposed the resting eggs to several doses (100; 200; 320; 440; 570; 730 mSv) from a
137
point source of Cs. The following endpoints were tested: hatching success of
dormant eggs; somatic growth rate, fecundity, sex of progeny and mortality of
hatched animals. The dose-responses of the hatching success of resting eggs,
maximal lifespan (LSmax) and LS50, the mail/female ratio in the progeny of animals
hatched from the eggs exposed to γ-radiation were similar to the dose-response
curve for the effects of low doses with the significant effects of maximal and
intermediate doses. The maximal hatching was observed from resting eggs exposed
to 320 and 730 mSv. The LSmax at the same doses was 4 days shorter and the LS 50 at
the same doses was 2 days shorter than in the control group. The mail/female ratio
was also maximal in the progeny of females hatched from the eggs exposed to
maximal and intermediate doses. We did not detect considerable effects on somatic
growth rate and fecundity of animals hatched from irradiated eggs. Thus, we can
conclude that hatching rate of resting eggs, LSmax and LS50 of animals hatched from
irradiated eggs are sensitive endpoints to low doses of γ-radiation.
63
L
The extraction and primary identification of infochemicals inducing the production
of resting eggs by females of Moina macrocopa (Cladocera)
poster
1*
Tatiana S. Lopatina , Egor S. Zadereev
1
1, 2
Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, 2Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
*[email protected]
Chemical interactions in aquatic ecosystems have been a subject for continuous
research during the last several decades. However, there is still little information
about the nature of chemicals involved in such interactions. Many cladocerans
produce resting eggs under the effect of infochemicals excreted by conspecifics,
competitors or predators. In our previous research we demonstrated that females of
Moina macrocopa (Cladocera) produce resting eggs under the effect of water
crowded with conspecifics. As we do not have information on the chemicals that
stimulate cladocerans to produce resting eggs, we perform several experiments to: 1)
test whether the infochemicals involved in the production of resting eggs are volatile
and thermally stable, and 2) to use a previously developed protocol (Effertz, personal
communication) to concentrate and extract these chemicals. The experiments
demonstrated that females of M. macrocopa switch to the production of resting eggs
under the effect of non-volatile compounds. Prolonged heating (up to 80° C) and
even boiling of water crowded with conspecifics also did not deactivate its ability to
induce the production of resting eggs. We used a C 18 solid-phase cartridge to
concentrate chemicals that induce the production of resting eggs. The extract
retained its biological activity that was similar to the biological activity of crowded
water: it stimulated females to produce resting eggs; decreased the somatic growth
rate of juveniles; decreased the number of parthenogenetic offsprings and increased
the proportion of males in the parthenogenetic progeny of the tested females. We
can conclude that production of resting eggs in M.macrocopa is induced by the effect
of non-volatile, thermally stable and non-polar molecules. The biological activity of
the obtained extract offers an opportunity for further chemical characterization of
these infochemicals.
64
L
Exposure to non-toxic Microcystis promotes Daphnia rapid adaptation to toxic
Microcystis
student oral presentation
#
Kai Lyu , Zhou Yang*
Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Nanjing Normal
University, 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
# Presenting author: [email protected]
* Corresponding author: [email protected]
Cyanobacterial blooms are becoming potent agents of natural selection in aquatic
ecosystems due to their high production of some toxins and increased frequency in
recent decades with eutrophication and climate change. One complexity in field
studies of harmful cyanobacteria blooms has been the existence that Microcystis
predominance usually appear dynamic shifts from non-toxic strains to toxic strains
with increasing temperatures. Daphnia populations have been shown to be rapidly
adapted to toxic cyanobacteria and even are able to suppress bloom formation. Little
is known about whether Daphnia maternal exposure to non-toxic strains is a
potential cues for offspring to predict toxic cyanobacteria risk and then triggers
inducible defences against Microcystis blooms. In the present study Daphnia magna
was fed three food types: (1) a mixture of non-toxic Microcystis aeruginosa and
Scenedesmus obliquus, (2) a mixture of toxic M. aeruginosa and S. obliquus and (3)
only S. obliquus. After three weeks, offsprings whose mothers were fed the three
food types were exposed to toxic Microcystis for three weeks. Their tolerance against
cyanobacteria was determined by comparing their growth, fecundity and survival
day. The results showed that time to first brood in offspring whose mother were fed
non-toxic and toxic Microcystis were significantly shorted than those from mother
were fed Scenedemus. Also, maternal non-toxic Microcystis exposure stimulated
higher reproductive outputs than maternal Scenedemus exposure did, while offspring
from mother were fed toxic Microcystis shared the similar reproductive patterns with
those from non-toxic Microcystis. These results identify novel ways where the
maternal environment impacts upon Microcystis resistance and indicates rapid
adaptation to non-toxic Microcystis may be an environmental signal of subsequent
toxic Microsystis risk during toxic Microcystis become predominant species. Thus, the
enhanced resistance we observed under non-Microcystis exposure is conceivably an
adaptation to growing cyanobacterial blooms.
This study was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (2012CB956100), the Priority
Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, the Graduate Training Innovative
Projects Foundation of Jiangsu Province (KYZZ-0215), and the Academic Training Program for Excellent
Ph.D. Candidates of Nanjing Normal University.
65
M
Molecular systematics of the Daphnia pulex group in Chinese lakes and reservoirs
student poster
1*
2
1
1
1
Xiaolin Ma , Justyna Wolinska , Zhong Yang , Wei Hu , Mingbo Yin and Adam
3
Petrusek
1
Fudan University, Institute of Biodiversity Science, Handan Road 220, Shanghai, China
Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Mueggelseedamm 301, 12587 Berlin,
Germany
3
Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Science, Department of Ecology, Prague, Czech Republic
2
*
[email protected]
The Daphnia pulex species complex is one of the important model systems in
evolutionary biology, and its phylogeny and phylogeography has been frequently
studied. Morphological data indicate presence of D. pulex-like animals in Chinese
water bodies; to date, however, no genetic data are available that would allow an
assessment of diversity of the D. pulex group in China, despite the potential
biogeographical importance of this region. In this study, we sampled Daphnia from 73
Chinese lakes/reservoirs, in 7 of which populations of this group were detected. For
these, we sequenced three fragments of their mitochondrial genes (COI, 12S rRNA
and ND5). We detected three lineages of the D. pulex species complex in China. One
lineage belonged to the “Panarctic D. pulex” clade, further confirming its almost
global distribution; the second one was distinct but only weakly divergent lineage of
the narrow (mostly North and South American) D. pulicaria complex; the third lineage
was a close relative to European “D. pulicaria” (with unresolved nomenclature). The
two latter lineages coexisted in one of the lakes, providing opportunities for future
studies of potential hybridization or gene flow between them. Additionally, we
detected two distinct lineages belonging into another species complex that seems to
be restricted to the Far East. One of these lineages, recorded in a single lake, seems a
distinct species; another one is more widespread and has already been genetically
characterized from Japan (Kotov & Taylor 2010, Journal of Plankton Research). This
latter lineage seems the most widespread D. pulex-like daphnid in China (having been
recorded from five different localities across the whole country). It showed a
substantial haplotype variation, but individuals from four different localities shared
the same COI or ND5 haplotype with individuals from Japan. Given these findings
from a relatively limited number of lake populations, we presume that the diversity
of D. pulex-like daphnids in China might be even higher once pond habitats are also
studied.
66
M
Why are overwintering daphnids small: physiological basis of a peculiar
phenomenon.
oral presentation
1*
Jiří Macháček , Jaromír Seďa
1
1
Biology Centre of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Institute of Hydrobiology, Na
Sádkách 7, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
*[email protected]
Daphnia populations in lakes and reservoirs of the temperate zone experience
regular, climate driven, seasonal changes of conditions. It is not uncommon that
permanent populations survive winter as active and even reproducing
parthenogenetic females, despite the lakes are often covered with ice for several
months and water temperature is only slightly above 0 C. Long-term investiagtion of
D. galeata in the Římov Reservoir showed that the size structure of the overwintering
population was regularly shifted towards smaller size classes compared to the
summer population. In concordance with the field observations, results of laboratory
experiments revealed that low temperature during embryogenesis led to smaller
neonate size. In this contribution we studied the physiological basis of the
phenomenon. Measuring the respiration of eggs and embryos during embryogenesis
we tested the hypothesis that the sum of oxygen consumed within the period of
embryogenesis is higher as the temperature declines. We measured the respiration
during embryogenesis in the laboratory clone of D. galeata long-term adapted to
20C and 10C. The results indicate that though the respiration rate is lower at lower
temperature, much longer time that is needed to complete the phase of
embryogenesis causes that the total sum of oxygen consumed is higher at 10C than
at 20C. This suggests that higher proportion of germinal matter contained in eggs is
respired and could explain the small size of neonates in the cold.
67
M
Does phylogenetic niche conservatism result in a gradient of competitive
interaction strength in Daphnia?
poster
Paloma Marinho Lopes
1,3*
1
2
, Ian Donohue , Adam Petrusek , Steven A.J. Declerck
3
1
School of Natural Sciences, Department of Zoology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Science, Department of Ecology, Prague, Czech Republic
3
Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Department of Aquatic Ecology, P.O. Box 50, 6700 AB Wageningen, The
Netherlands
2
* [email protected]
The phylogenetic niche conservatism hypothesis (PNC) suggests that closely related
species compete more strongly than more distant relatives because they tend to
have more similar niches. PNC has been corroborated mainly for organisms with
different feeding niches. We expect that niche conservatism may yield different
results in other situations. For example, non-selective filter feeders are unlikely to
show strong niche segregation at the level of food uptake, while they may still show a
phylogenetic signal in their metabolism. If more closely related species show more
similar metabolic efficiencies, competitive ability may be more similar for closely than
for distantly related species, resulting in less intensive competition interactions. Our
project aims to test these predictions using Daphnia as a model organism for
generalist, non-selective filter feeders. Here, we present a flow-through experiment
designed to characterize the relationship between competitive ability and
phylogenetic distance in a selection of ten European Daphnia species representing a
large gradient of phylogenetic distances. Relative competitive abilities will be
*
assessed as the differences in the equilibrium food concentration (C ) among each
pair of species. Differences in C* will be related to phylogenetic distances. In
addition, we will also investigate whether key traits, such as body size, body
stoichiometry, growth rates and ingestion rates show a phylogenetic signal and have
the potential to predict C* and associated competitive abilities.
68
M
Toxic effects on survival and reproduction of Ceriodaphnia dubia exposed in
different ways to Congo red dye
poster
1
2*
Miriam Hernández-Zamora , Fernando Martínez-Jerónimo , Rosa Olivia Cañizares1*
Villanueva
1
Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN. Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioingeniería,
Laboratorio de Biotecnología de Microalgas. Mexico, D.F.
2
Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Departamento de Zoología,
Laboratorio de Hidrobiología Experimental. Mexico, D.F.
* [email protected]
6
Approximately 10 tons of synthetic dyes are produced yearly. During production and
application, 2 to 50% of the dye is lost and discharged as waste in effluents; manmade dyes are hazardous to human health and to the aquatic biota, but toxic effects
to hydrobionts have been scarcely documented. Specifically Congo red, a water
soluble azo dye used in the textile and paper industries, has been reported as
potential carcinogen to humans. The objective of this study was to determine the
acute and chronic toxicity of Congo red on the cladoceran Ceriodaphnia dubia,
assessing different ways of exposure. The 48-h LC50 was determined in C. dubia
neonates. For the 10-d chronic experiments, the green microalgae Chlorella vulgaris,
5
5
6
at three concentrations (4 × 10 , 8 × 10 , and 1.2 ×10 ), was supplied as food in three
experimental conditions: a) 100% algae cultured in Bold’s basal medium (BBM)
(control algae, CA), b) 100% algae exposed to Congo red during four days in BBM
(exposed algae, EA), and c) 25% EA + 75% CA. In addition, chronic exposure to Congo
-1
red at LC1, LC10, and LC50, fed with CA, was tested. The LC 50 was 13.58 mg L . In the
chronic tests, fecundity was reduced with the lowest CA food concentration. The
chronic exposure to LC50 produced 100% mortality during the first 2-3 d of exposure,
th
whereas, with LC10, total mortality occurred at the 6 day, and no reproduction was
observed with either treatments. In organisms exposed to LC 1, reduced fecundity and
mortality were recorded, depending on food concentration. C. dubia fed with 100%
EA at the three concentrations underwent significant effects in fecundity and
mortality; toxic effects were reduced when EA was partially substituted with CA,
demonstrating the capability of Congo red to affect the quality of food as well. Congo
red is a very toxic compound to hydrobionts, and regulation measures should be
established.
69
M
Growth and reproduction of Daphnia curvirostris fed with autotrophic and
heterotrophic algae (Scenedesmus incrassatulus)
oral presentation
*
Fernando Martínez-Jerónimo , Laura Martínez-Jerónimo
Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Departamento de Zoología,
Laboratorio de Hidrobiología Experimental. Mexico, D.F
* [email protected]
Food supply to culture cladocerans for experimental purposes is one of the main
factors to assure the quality of this biological material. It has been demonstrated that
live microalgae are better than man-made diets, but microalgae culture could be a
time- and energy-consuming activity. At the present, the potential to grow
Chlorophycean microalgae in heterotrophic-, dark- conditions has been profusely
documented as one way to increase the lipid content, to use this biomass for biofuels
production. Nevertheless, not all algae grown in heterotrophic conditions increase
their lipids content; furthermore, some of them are able to keep their pigments in
dark conditions. Scenedesmus incrassatulus can be grown auto- and heterotrophically
with no increases in lipid content, so the objective of this study was to assess the
effect of biomass, produced under both conditions, on the development and
5
reproduction of a clonal strain of Daphnia curvirostris. Three concentrations (4 × 10 ,
5
6
-1
8 × 10 , and 1.2 × 10 cells mL ) of S. incrassatulus grown in PCG mineral medium
with fluorescent “daylight” illumination (AA), or PCG+glucose medium in dark
conditions (HA), were supplied as food during 28 days. A Life Table approach was
applied to compile and analyze the results. The macromolecules and pigments
content in the two food sources were also determined. Fecundity increased with the
highest food concentration for both types of food, but a significant higher number of
clutches was recorded in D. magna fed heterotrophic algae (HA). In cladocerans fed
on HA, higher accumulated fecundity was documented at the end of the test.
Autotrophic algae (AA) had comparatively lower carbohydrate content, but higher
lipid and protein contents than HA; the reduction in lipids and increase in
carbohydrates had a positive effect on D. curvirostris, so heterotrophic algae were a
suitable food to thrive advantageously this cladoceran.
70
M
Effect of malathion on the population growth of Simocephalus mixtus and
Moina macrocopa (Cladocera)
student poster
1
2
Aurora Martínez-Téllez ,*, S.S.S. Sarma **, S. Nandini
2
1
Posgrado en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad
Universitaria, Av. Universidad 3000, CP 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
2
Laboratorio de Zoología Acuática, División de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Nacional Autónoma
de México, Campus Iztacala, Av. de los Barrios # 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, CP 54090. Estado
de México, Mexico
* [email protected]
Aquatic ecosystems are continuously exposed to chemicals that can alter the
trophic relationships among zooplanktonic organisms or their competitive
interactions. Interspecific competition has been considered as an important
mechanism in structuring zooplankton communities in nature. The competitive
ability of cladocerans to survive and reproduce in contaminated waterbodies
depends, among other factors, the rate of food consumption, and the capacity
to tolerate the toxic effects of chemicals. In Mexico malathion is one of the
few chemicals approved to control pests in agricultural operations. Pesticides
applied in agricultural land may eventually reach waterbodies as run off. In this
work, we studied the population growth of Simocephalus mixtus and Moina
macrocopa separately and together (competition) using different sublethal
-1
concentrations of malathion (0.025, 0.050, 0.100 and 0.200 µg L plus
controls). Population growth experiments were initiated with 10 individuals of
each species or together in 50 ml medium containing chosen pesticide
6
-1
concentrations and with 0.5 x 10 cells ml of Scenedesmus acutus as food.
Daily we estimated the population abundances of the two cladoceran species
in the test jars and the medium was changed. Population densities of both
cladocerans decreased with increasing the concentration of malathion and the
presence of competing species. However, M. macrocopa was more resistant
than S. mixtus and continued to reproduce even under the highest malathion
concentration used in this study. In competition experiments, in the absence
of malathion, Moina suppressed the population of Simocephalus. Our results
further showed that malathion had far greater influence than the competition
on the population growth rates of the tested cladoceran species.
**
Corresponding author: [email protected]
71
M
The effect of temperature on the longevity of female and male Daphnia magna
student oral presentation
Julia Mier-Jędrzejowicz
Uniwersytet Warszawski, Wydział Biologii, Zakład Hydrobiologii, ul. Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warszawa,
Poland
[email protected]
Daphnia magna is a species which alternates its reproductive modes between
parthenogenic and sexual. While life conditions remain optimal, females reproduce
partenogenically, when conditions deteriorate, the species turns to sexual
reproduction. Such a mechanism has led authors to postulate that the life strategies
of both sexes may differ, and that male Daphnia magna should attempt to prolong
their longevity more than females. As temperature highly influences the metabolism
of ectotherms an experiment was set up to ascertain the influence of temperature on
longevity in Daphnia. Neonate Daphnia, from two different locations, were placed in
individual containers in two water baths at 20 ˚C and 16 ˚C and their longevity and
instar lengths were monitored. Results show two possible male longevity strategies
(1) outliving females due to genetic predispositions (2) regulation of metabolism
behaviorally by residing in cooler temperatures. The possibility of parallel methods of
attaining adaptive longevity in male Cladocera opens several possibilities for further
research.
72
M
Maternal effect in salinity tolerance of Daphnia
oral presentation
Andrzej Mikulski*, Danuta Tycner
University of Warsaw, Faculty of Biology, Department of Hydrobiology, Poland
* [email protected]
Effect of mothers’ exposure to sodium chloride (NaCl) on the phenotypic response of
their offspring to salinity was studied. Life history parameters of Daphnia magna
clones originating from different reservoirs were observed in three different salt
concentrations. Significant interclonal differences in the response to salinity were
found. In most clones, offspring individuals bear the cost of living of their mothers in
adverse conditions. In some clones exposed to high salt concentrations, mothers tend
to invest in their offspring, preparing neonates for unfavourable conditions. The
response of Daphnia offspring to salinity gradient, dependent on mother’s earlier
experience, offers another example of adaptive, anticipatory maternal effect.
73
M
Diversity of Daphnia in Caspian and Urmia Lake Basins (Northern Iran): a molecular
approach
student poster
1*
1
1
Ali Mohammadyari , Fereshteh Ghassemzadeh , Omid Mirshamsi , Mansour
1
2
2
Aliabadian , Jasna Vukic , Adam Petrusek
1
2
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Mashhad, Iran
Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Science, Department of Ecology, Prague, Czech Republic
*[email protected]
Only scarce information is available about the diversity of Daphnia in Iran, and all
historical literature is based on morphological investigations. The aim of our study
was to improve knowledge in diversity of this genus in biogeographically interesting
region of northern Iran by combining morphological identification and molecular
data. We sampled zooplankton from 64 randomly chosen localities across ca 2500 km
wide longitudinal gradient in Urmia Lake and Caspian Sea basins. These included both
permanent habitats (lakes, reservoirs) and small temporary water bodies (ponds,
lagoons), both freshwater and saline. In the samples, twenty four Daphnia
populations were identified. Morphological investigations revealed four
Ctenodaphnia (Daphnia magna, D. mediterranea, and members of D. similis and D.
atkinsoni complexes), one species of the D. pulex group (a small-sized member of the
D. obtusa species complex), and at least three taxa of the D. longispina group (D.
curvirostris, D. galeata, and D. longispina). For most populations, we sequenced a
fragment of the mitochondrial gene for 12S rRNA, to support morphological
identification and provide additional information on members of species complexes
with unsettled systematics. Morphological-based identification was mostly
confirmed, however, some biogeographically interesting lineages were found. One of
the populations phenotypically similar to D. longispina is a divergent mtDNA lineage,
previously reported from Sweden and Belarus. The north Iranian member of the D.
obtusa complex is distinct, distantly related to a lineage previously found in Greece.
The local Daphnia cf. similis belongs to a species found from Africa to Far East, thus
filing the gap in its distribution. An unambiguous evidence of D. mediterranea is a
new species record for Iran. Considering that these results come from randomly
sampled habitats in a relatively restricted part of the country, we presume that the
diversity of the genus in Iran is even higher.
74
M
Effect of erythromycin and ivermectin on the demography of the cladoceran
Moina macrocopa (Cladocera)
student poster
1,*
Rosa Martha Moreno-Gutiérrez , S.S.S. Sarma
2**
& S. Nandini
2
1
Posgrado en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad
Universitaria, Av. Universidad 3000, CP 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
2
Laboratorio de Zoología Acuática, División de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Nacional Autónoma
de México, Campus Iztacala, Av. de los Barrios # 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, CP 54090. Estado
de México, Mexico
* [email protected]
In veterinary medical practice, deworming using ivermectin and the erythromycin as
antibiotics are one of the most common methods. Ivermectin is also used to treat a
variety of internal and external parasite infections in domestic pets. These chemicals
eventually reach water bodies possibly affecting plankton and other aquatic
organisms. Cladocerans, which form an important component of freshwater
zooplankton, are sensitive to changes in the environment and thus respond rapidly.
In this work, we quantified the adverse effects of commercial ivermectin and
erythromycin on the demography of the common cladoceran Moina macrocopa.
Based on a preliminary median lethal concentration study, we chose four different
-1
concentrations of the pharmaceuticals ranging from 1.5 to 12 mg L for erythromycin
-1
and 0.012 to 0.1 ng L for ivermectin. Cohort life table experiments were conducted
in quadruplicate using neonate M. macrocopa. We quantified the age specificsurvivorship (average lifespan and life expectancy at birth) and reproductive (gross
reproductive rate, net reproductive rate, generation time and rate of population
increase per day) variables of M. macrocopa. Regardless of the drug, an increase in
the level reduced the survivorship and reproductive output in the cladocerans. The
results further showed that ivermectina and erythromycin, even at very low
concentrations, are toxic and thus significantly reduced the rate of population
increase of M. macrocopa.
** Corresponding author : [email protected]
75
N
A review on the effect of cyanobacterial extracts on cladoceran demography with
data on Moina micrura and Diaphanosoma mongolianum from L’Albufera Lake,
Spain
oral presentation
1*
2
2
1
S. Nandini , Maria Rosa Miracle , E. Vicente , S.S.S. Sarma , Ramesh D. Gulati
3
1
Laboratorio de Zoología Acuática, División de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Nacional Autónoma
de México, Campus Iztacala, Av. de los Barrios # 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, CP 54090. Estado
de México, Mexico
2
Dept. Microbiologia i Ecologia & ICBiBE, Universitat de València, 46100-Burjassot (Valencia), Spain
3
Department of Aquatic Ecology, NIOO/Netherlands Institute of Ecology, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The
Netherlands
*[email protected]
Most cyanobacterial blooms adversely affect zooplankton communities, mainly
through production of cyanotoxins. Cladocerans, most often species of Daphnia and
Ceriodaphnia, have been used to test the effect of crude extracts of cyanotoxins.
Only a few studies have been conducted on other cladoceran species that occur
together with Microcystis in lakes and reservoirs. The present study was carried out
in the laboratory using water from L’Albufera, a shallow hypertrophic lake in the
eastern coast of Spain. The lake has been dominated by cyanobacteria for several
decades; at present, blooms of Microcystis aeruginosa occur, especially during the
warm months when Diaphanosoma mongolianum and Moina micrura are also
common. Here we present quantitative data on the microcystin extracts from M.
aeruginosa from the lake and the demographic response of these two cladoceran
species exposed to the extract and Microcystis single cells as food source. We filtered
100 L of lake water using a 45 µm mesh sieve, during a M. aeruginosa bloom, for
concentrating and extracting the cyanotoxin by repeated freezing, thawing and
sonication. The Microcystin LR, Microcystin RR Microcystin YR and de-methylated
Microcystin RR concentrations in the filtered extract were 50.5, 60.8, 6.7, and 0.2 µg
-1
L , respectively. Using this extract and disaggregated, as single-cells, M. aeruginosa
as food source, we studied the population growth rates and life table demography of
Moina micrura and D. mongolianum at five doubling concentrations of microcystin
-1
6
-1
from 3.7 to 59 µg l ) and fed Nannochloris oculata at 0.5X10 cells ml ; we also set
up controls without the toxins. We also compared the demographic variables of each
taxon on mixed diets of N. oculata (cultured on defined medium) and Microcystis
aeruginosa (collected from L’Albufera). Tests were conducted in 10 ml medium using
5 individuals in life table and population growth experiments. We observed that both
D. mongolianum and M. micrura were adversely affected with an increase in the
concentration of microcystins, and that the latter was more sensitive to M.
aeruginosa diet. Implications of using such cladoceran bioassays to test the effects of
cyanotoxins on water-quality management of the lakes are discussed.
This study was supported by a project from the University of Valencia and UNAM, FES Iztacala, Mexico as
well as the Spanish DGICT CGL2009-12229.
76
N
Morphology of the genus Moinodaphnia Herrick, 1887 (Cladocera: Moinidae) with
particular attention to structure of thoracic limbs and distinctions between
populations from different localities
student poster
Anna N. Neretina
A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Laboratory for Ecology of Aquatic Communities and
Invasions, Moscow, Russia
[email protected]
Members of family Moinidae Goulden, 1968 (Cladocera: Anomopoda) are
widespread in all zoogeographic regions. Despite a long history of cladoceran
investigations, morphology of moinids is scarcely studied. The most attention is paid
to the boreal taxa, and many tropical taxa are not examined in detail. Lack of
morphological data slows down a revision of this group in a global scale. Therefore I
chose the genus Moinodaphnia Herrick, 1887 as a subject of my investigation. The
genus Moinodaphnia was originally described from Australia and now it is considered
to be monotypic, including only a single species (Moinodaphnia macleayi King, 1853)
with pantropical distribution. Present work is aimed at obtaining of some additional
data on morphology of Moinodaphnia. Several samples from different localities
(Central America, East Africa and Australia) with high abundance of Moinodaphnia
were selected for detailed morphological research. Drawings made via a drawing
tube were used for documentation of the observations. Parthenogenetic females
were studied from all selected samples, males – only from a sole sample collected in
Cuba. As a result of this work I found that thoracic limbs of Moinodaphnia are similar
to thoracic limbs of Moina dumonti Kotov, Elías-Gutiérrez et Granados-Ramírez,
2005. The number of setae on female thoracic limbs of Moinodaphnia and M.
dumonti is same. Males of both taxa are characterized by lack of the exopodite on
limb I. However the gonopore of Moinodaphnia males is located laterally on the
postabdomen in contrast to M. dumonti with the gonopore on its ventral surface. In
my opinion there are no reasons for separation of the genus Moinodaphnia from
Moina. The main distinction between populations from different localities concerns
apical spine on the exopod of antenna II. Perhaps populations from different
continents belong to separate species, but I need to conduct a comparison of males
from another localities to confirm this idea. I am grateful to my supervisor, Dr. Alexey
A. Kotov, for valuable comments. The study was supported by Russian Science
Foundation (project № 14-14-00778).
77
N
Cladocera of Arctic lakes of Lena Delta River (North part of Republic of Sakha
(Yakutia))
poster
1
1
Gulnara Nigamatzyanova* , Larisa Frolova , Ekaterina Abramova
2
1
Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Department of
Bioresources and Aquaculture, Russia
2
Lena Delta Reserve, Tiksi, Russia
*[email protected]
Cladocera are one of the most numerous and diverse groups of zooplankton. In
species composition, the dominant groups, ecological and faunistic characteristics of
these organisms can be characterized water bodies, its ecological status. The
reservoirs of the Arctic region are especially interesting as the least studied in the
hydrobiological plan of the district. As is known the Arctic region is most vulnerable
to human impacts and changes associated with global warming. Therefore the study
of zooplankton in general and Cladocera is very important.
Cladocera were investigated of Samoylov Island (72°22'N, 126°29'E) in Delta Lena
River. Samples were collected from thermokarst lakes and polygonal ponds during
the “Lena Delta-2013” expedition.
According to our data zooplankton were presented 40 species on average in
polygonal ponds. 8 species of Cladocera were found. Among them, Daphnia pulex
Leydig, 1860 was the most widespread and abundant. Species of Alona genera and
Chydorus genera were typical for shallow small polygonal ponds with its dense
vegetation.
24 zooplankton species were identified from a thermokarst lake. 4 species of
Cladocera were found. Among them, Bosmina longispina Leydig) and Holopedium
gibberum Zaddach, 1855 were the most characteristic for large and deep thermokarst
lake.
This work was supported by the Russian Government Program of Competitive Growth of Kazan Federal
University, the subsidy allocated to Kazan Federal University for the state assignment in the sphere of
scientific activities and the OSL Fellowship Program "Climate Change in the Arctic" (project no OSL-14-07).
78
N
Cladocera of Wrangel Island (Russian Far East).
poster
Anna A. Novichkova
Moscow State University, Biological Faculty, Department of Hydrobiology, Moscow, Russia
[email protected]
The freshwater fauna of Wrangel Island, one of the farthermost arctic territories in
Russia, was poorly described. There were no papers concerning freshwater
Cladocera. Current study presents the results of a hydrobiological survey of
microcrustaceans from the shallow freshwater bodies of Wrangel Island and brief
analysis of its biogeographical and environmental features. Twenty-five species of
Crustacea were found in the material. There are only 5 Cladocera species (Daphnia
pulex Leydig, 1860, Bosmina cf. longispina (O.F. Muller, 1785), Alona werestschagini
Sinev, 1999, Chydorus cf. sphaericus (O.F. Muller, 1785) and Eurycercus (Eurycercus)
longirostris Hann, 1982) and all of them are new records for the Wrangel Island. The
main part of the crustacean fauna of island form holarctic wide-spread species. The
analysis of the crustacean fauna showed no regular patterns in the structure of
communities and absence of specific taxocenes in the observed water bodies. It is
probably connected with high level of isolation and very severe climatic conditions of
the island. That is also the reason of lack of cladocerans on Wrangel Island. One of
the most significant finding of microcrustaceans inhabiting island is E. longirostris.
This Nearctic species is widespread through the whole USA and on the southern part
of Canada and Ukon, while in the Palaearctic region this species has been reported
only once – on Bering Island (Commander islands). Presumably, this beringian species
is a relict element of ancient Beringia. One more notable species of crustaceans
registered on the island is А. werestschagini – a postglacial relict with a specific
disjunct area. Its occurrence on Wrangel Island is, probably, a result of lack of
glaciation on the island. Generally, the fauna of cladocerans of the island is extremely
poor in comparison both with the continental one and with fauna of the most of
arctic islands due to its severe climate.
This study has been funded by the Russian Science Foundation (grant 14-14-00778). The fieldwork was
enabled by the Federal State Budget Institution «State Nature Reserve «Wrangel Island»».
79
O
Proteomic analysis reveals candidate proteins and signal pathways involved in
predator-induced plastic defensive response of Daphnia magna
student oral presentation
Kathrin A. Otte
1, 2, 3,
2
2
1
* , T. Fröhlich , G. J. Arnold , and Christian Laforsch *
1
Department of Animal Ecology I, Bayreuth University, Germany
Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University
Munich, Germany
3
Department Biology II, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Germany
2
*[email protected]; [email protected]
The genus Daphnia is famous for showing a variety of phenotypic plastic responses as
reaction to changing environmental conditions including the formation of defensive
traits when detecting chemical cues of a predator. For instance, D. magna alters its
carapace morphology and rigidity in the presence of the tadpole shrimp Triops
cancriformis. Proteomic data of D. magna embryos indicate that proteins
participating in the formation of these inducible defences are involved in processes
such as carbohydrate metabolism and biosynthesis. Furthermore, cuticle associated
proteins as well as the yolk protein vitellogenin served as indicators for the benefits
and costs of inducible morphological defences.
In this study, we compared adult animals of different genotypes originating from
habitats with varying predator regimes to analyse local adaptation of these defensive
traits. We performed a predator exposition experiment on four different D. magna
genotypes and subsequent morphological analysis and mass-spectrometry based
proteomic analysis using nano-LC-MS/MS and label-free quantification of spectral
data. We found both, significant morphological changes of D. magna in the presence
of Triops and also significant changes in protein abundance in response to predator
exposition. We quantified over 1000 proteins per biological replicate and found 556
proteins with significant abundance alterations. Genotypes showing strong
morphological responses to predator exposition had altered protein abundances in a
variety of cuticle proteins and chitin modifying enzymes. In addition, proteins related
to vitellogenin were also more abundant in morphologically defended genotypes.
Furthermore, proteins related to G-protein coupled receptor pathway indicate the
involvement of these regulation pathways in the formation of defensive traits. Our
findings shed light on some of the molecular mechanisms underlying inducible
defences in D. magna and therefore lead to a better understanding of the complex
interplay between environment, genotype and phenotype.
80
P
High temperature adaptation and intraspecific variation in thermal reaction norms
of life-history parameters in a subtropical cladoceran Ceriodaphnia cornuta
oral presentation
1*
1
Franja Pajk , Henri Dumont , Bo-Ping Han
1
1
Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University,Guangzhou, PR China
* [email protected]
There is little information about thermal performance curves (TPCs) of tropical
cladocerans, despite their key role in lentic ecosystems. Inferences about adaptation
to high temperature have been made by comparing the performance of tropical and
temperate cladocerans at a few temperatures, typically below the optimum of either
group. However, only a shift in the TPC as a consequence of a different thermal
regime can be considered evidence of adaptation. Furthermore, the amount and type
of intraspecific variation in TPCs may restrict evolutionary responses to climate
change. In this study life-table experiments were conducted at 6 temperatures (2039°C) with 10 clones of Ceriodaphnia cornuta collected from different locations in the
south of China (Guangdong and Hainan provinces) to determine the TPCs of lifehistory parameters and the amount of interclonal variation. The TMV (template
mode of variation) method was used to estimate the relative contribution of different
modes of variation in clonal TPCs. Compared to temperate cladocerans, the TPCs for
intrinsic population growth rate and average clutch size of C. cornuta are clearly
horizontally shifted to higher temperatures, with optimums at 32°C and 27°C,
respectively. Upper critical temperatures range from 35 to 39°C. Among clones,
specialist/generalist trade-offs account for 67% of the variation in TPCs with
horizontal shift and vertical shift accounting for further 19 and 3%, respectively. C.
cornuta follows the temperature size rule with some interclonal differences in the
slope of the relationship but no correlation between body size and fitness. Life span
and age at first reproduction (AFR) have a temperature response similar to that of
temperate cladocerans and there is little intraspecific variation in AFR. C. cornuta is
well adapted to high temperatures and its genetic variation in fitness related traits
should be sufficient to serve as a basis for further adaptation to climate change.
81
P
Spatial distribution of Cladocera in Brazilian rocky fields.
poster
1*
2
3
Eliana A. Panarelli , Lourdes M.A. Elmoor-Loureiro , Daniel Previattelli , Paulo H.C.
4
1
3
Corgosinho , Cristiane F.A. Barros , Carlos E.F. Rocha
1
Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais, Campus de Frutal, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Universidade Católica de Brasília, Laboratório de Biodiversidade Aquática, Brasília, Brazil
3
Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Biociências, São Paulo, Brazil
4
Fundação UNESCO – HidroEX, Cidade de Frutal, Minas Gerais, Brazil
2
[email protected]
The understanding about biodiversity and distribution of the South American
Cladocera still have gaps, despite growing advances on studies made along the last
two decades. Cladocerans are poorly investigated in Brazilian mountains, even
though these environments are known to be both endemism and diversity centers
and occupy small territorial extensions. In the central region of Brazil, rocky fields are
among the highest portions and work as water dividers, having numerous sources of
important rivers. In this study, our aim is to improve the knowledge on biodiversity
and distribution of cladocerans in rocky fields. Descriptive comparisons were
performed between Cladocera assemblages of two mountain regions: Serra da
(a)
Canastra and Espinhaço Meridional , both in Minas Gerais state, approximately 400
km distant from each other. Altogether 56 samplings were analyzed. The samples
were collected in different habitats located in 6 sites on Serra da Canastra and 11 on
Espinhaço Meridional, in this region about 50% of the ecosystems present black
waters, in all the others, the water is clear. We observed the occurrence of 28
Chydoridae species, 2 Macrothricidae, 1 Ilyocryptidae and 1 Bosminidae. Local
ecosystem and habitat distribution of the species were the following: 22 on Serra da
Canastra and 15 on Espinhaço Meridional; 23 in lotic systems, 15 in lakes and 4 in wet
sediment; 19 at the limnetic, 16 at the littoral, 15 at the interstitial zone, 2 associated
with musses. Some species were observed only at altitudes lower than 1000 meters,
and others did not occur in black water ecosystems. Our results suggest that distinct
composition of the Cladocera assemblage on rocky fields must be more related to
climatic and limnologic limiting factors than dispersal limitation.
This study is part of a larger research in 12 sites of Brazilian rocky fields: “Biodiversidade de
microcrustáceos de água doce em campos rupestres” has been funded by Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa
do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP, project nº 2010/52318-6) and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento
Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq, project nº 563318/2010-4)
82
P
Water fleas in the “Pearl of the Orient”: Taxonomy and Distribution of Cladocera in
Philippine Inland Waters
student poster
1
1
3
3
Jhaydee Ann F. Pascual , Eric Zeus C. Rizo , Bo-Ping Han , Henri J. Dumont , Rey
1, 2
Donne S. Papa *
1
The Graduate School University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
3
Department of Ecology and Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
2
*[email protected]
Zooplankton diversity is considered as a good indicator of the health of aquatic
ecosystems and serves as the primary source of food for aquaculture fishes. Proper
determination of their taxonomy and distribution are very important in the precise
evaluation of the status of their aquatic habitats. This study updates the diversity and
distribution of four Cladoceran families (Moinidae, Bosminidae, Sididae and
Chydoridae) in selected Philippine inland waters. Zooplankton were collected from 86
sampling locations in major and minor freshwater ecosystems in the archipelago.
From 56 species reported in previous literatures, only 17 species were encountered in
this study. Our results highlight 78 new records from the four families found in
Philippine freshwaters. Moina micrura and Moinodaphnia macleayi were the only two
species present from family Moinidae. In family Bosminidae, B. fatalis and
Bosminopsis deitersi were found in a total of 26 freshwaters bodies throughout the
archipelago. Five records, from two genera – Diaphanosoma (4) and Latonopsis (1)
from Sididae were found. The genus Diaphanosoma was the most diverse and is
widely distributed among the sampling sites. The family Chydoridae included seven
species, within two subfamilies. Their distribution was highly limited and restricted to
locations with high density of aquatic macrophytes. For the Chydorinae, three species
(Chydorus cf. sphaericus, Ephemoroporus barroisi, and Pleuroxus (Picripleuroxus) cf.
quasidenticulatus were found together with three species of Aloninae (Anthalona sp.,
Alonella pulchella, Oxyurella singalensis and, Camptocercus cf. uncinatus).
Comparisons with previous studies on Philippine cladocera revealed several
discrepancies. Recent alterations to freshwater ecosystems may have also
contributed to the disappearance of some species through changes in water quality
and the introduction of non-native species. Though no new novel species have been
identified from these four families, our study provides a better understanding of
distribution patterns among these taxa and resolved taxonomic conflicts among
species.
83
P
Effect of toxic cyanobacterium (Microcystis aeruginosa) on the population
growth of selected cladocerans (Simocephalus mixtus, Daphnia cf. mendotae
and Moina macrocopa)
student poster
*
**
Alfredo Pérez-Morales , S.S.S. Sarma , S. Nandini
Laboratorio de Zoología Acuática, División de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de
México, Campus Iztacala, Av. de los Barrios # 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, CP 54090. Estado de
México, Mexico
* [email protected]
Many Central Mexican waterbodies contain species of toxic cyanobacteria
including Microcystis aeruginosa, often as permanent blooms. Several strains
of Microcystis aeruginosa are highly toxic to cladocerans affecting somatic
growth, survival and fecundity. A few green algae including Scenedesmus
coexist with Microcystis in eutrophic ponds and therefore cladocerans in
nature possibly feed on mixed diets containing algae and cyanobacteria. In this
work, we quantified the population growth of Simocephalus mixtus, Daphnia
cf. mendotae and Moina macrocopa fed toxic M. aeruginosa (in sonicated
single cell form) alone (100%) or mixed in different proportions using S. acutus
(25, 50 and 75%, based on dry weight); the total cell density offered daily per
-1
test jar was 500,000 cells ml (cyanobacteria, green algae or their mixed
form). The best population growth for these cladocerans was observed when
S. acutus was offered at 100 or 75%, but when M. aeruginosa was offered at
100 or 75%, the population growth of the tested cladocerans decreased in all
replicates. D. mendotae was less affected by M. aeruginosa but still there was
a decrease in population abundance when fed mixed diets or M. aeruginosa
alone. M. macrocopa was the most adversely affected in all treatments
containing M. aeruginosa follow by S. mixtus; both these cladocerans showed
lower population growth or high mortalities during the first ten days. Our
results also revealed significant differences among the population growth
rates of cladocerans depending on the species and the proportion of M.
aeruginosa in the diet. This work further showed that all these cladoceran
species were susceptible to 100% M. aeruginosa, but to different degrees. This
probably explains the variable densities of cladocerans in Mexican waterbodies
infested with cyanobacteria.
** Corresponding author : [email protected]
84
P
Water fleas under the hoofs: escape reactions of puddle Daphnia
oral presentation
1*
Adam Petrusek , Jiří Hotový
1
1
Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Science, Department of Ecology, Prague, Czech Republic
*
[email protected]
Behavioural adaptations of Daphnia to predation threat, such as diurnal vertical and
horizontal migrations or variation in phototactic behaviour, are well-known
phenomena. When studying ecology and diversity of cladocerans inhabiting shallow
temporary puddles, we encountered another behavioural trait that might be an
important adaptation to specific threats of this environment, which generally lacks
vertebrate predators but isn’t without risks. After mechanical disturbance of puddle
surface, we observed an apparent rapid disappearance of daphnids from the water
column, which substantially complicated the sampling. We thus decided to evaluate
and quantify this behaviour in detail in a typical puddle dweller, Daphnia obtusa. We
compared sampling success from puddles before and after disturbance, and
laboratory experiments focusing on individual responses of Daphnia in controlled
conditions. Density of Daphnia in puddle water indeed substantially dropped
immediately after a one-time sampling by a shallow tray (which served as mechanical
disturbance) but returned close to the original values after five minutes. In laboratory
conditions, we counted the distribution of 15 Daphnia among three depth layers of a
10-cm water column before hitting a water surface, and 10, 30, 60 and 300 seconds
afterwards. Daphnia obtusa responded immediately by active downward swimming,
and slowly returned back to the water column, so five minutes after the disturbance
the distribution of animals did not differ from the original one. The same experiment
conducted on several Daphnia from other Central European habitats did not reveal a
similar escape reaction. We hypothesize that this behaviour might have been
adaptive in puddle habitats, which had been presumably rarer in the landscape
unaltered by humans than at present. Instead of tractor wheeltracks in the forest
(the most typical present-day D. obtusa habitat), puddles may have been frequent on
large herbivore trails. Escape to the puddle bottom during the passage of a herd of
deer or wild horses could substantially reduce the likelihood of being splashed out of
the puddle, which would be fatal for these water fleas.
85
P
Estimating the relative contribution of top-down vs. bottom-up effects to
cladoceran birth rate: a test in the field
oral presentation
1, 2
Anna Kasparson , Leonard V. Polishchuk
1*
1
M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Biological Faculty, Department of General Ecology, Moscow,
Russian Federation
2
Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian
Federation
* [email protected]
Food limitation (bottom-up effect) and predation pressure (top-down effect) are
among the major factors driving population dynamics and shaping community
structure. There are a number of methods to assess the relative role of the two
effects; one of the most popular is the factorial-design experiment. Recently, an
alternative approach has been proposed (Polishchuk et al., 2013), which puts these
effects in a more dynamic context. Under this approach, birth rate, which is a major
population-dynamics parameter, is considered a hub linking the effects of food and
size-selective predators (e.g. planktivorous fish) to demographic characteristics of the
population – fecundity and proportion of adults, respectively. Consequently, the
relative impact of top-down vs. bottom-up effects is assessed through the ratio of
contributions, R, of proportion of adults (ConA) and fecundity (ConF) to change in
birth rate: R
|
|
|
|
. Previously, in experimental populations of Daphnia galeata, it
was demonstrated that under strong food limitation R < 1, while under strong
predation pressure R > 1. Here we examine the behaviour of the ratio of
contributions in a population of the cladoceran Bosmina longirostris inhabiting a
small lake in the Russian Arctic. Bosmina was the only abundant cladoceran species in
the lake. Moreover, its population density steadily built up over several weeks during
the short northern summer, which implies a gradual strengthening of food limitation
and weak (or lack of) predation pressure (as also corroborated by data on
phytoplankton and fish). This makes the population a convenient model system to
test the applicability of the method in the field. We observed that for the period of
strengthening food limitation, R was gradually decreasing, being always less than 1.
These results indicate that the ratio of contributions to birth rate may allow one to
trace the process of changing food limitation over time in natural populations.
This study has been supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project 13-04-01122. We are
grateful to A.B. Tzetlin and the stuff of the White Sea Biological Station of the M.V. Lomonosov Moscow
State University for help and support.
86
P
A systematic revision of the Daphnia (Ctenodaphnia) similis group (Crustacea:
Cladocera) of the Holarctic.
student oral presentation
Ekaterina V. Popova
Laboratory for Ecology of Aquatic Communities and Invasions, A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and
Evolution of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
[email protected]
The members of the genus Daphnia (Crustacea: Cladocera) are the main objects of
ecological, evolutionary and toxicological investigations. At the same time there are
plenty of taxonomic problems in this genus, especially in the subgenus Daphnia
(Ctenodaphnia). Members of the subgenus Ctenodaphnia are among biggest
cladocerans, and they inhabit predominantly temporary waters. As for today,
numerous data on their morphology were obtained by previous investigators, but
they need a systematization and verification. In the Holarctic zone the most usual
groups of species are: similis, magna, atkinsoni and chevreuxi, each contains both
described and undescribed taxa revealed by genetic researches. The aim of the
present paper is to revise the taxonomy of the Daphnia (Ctenodaphnia) similis
species group using an available material on similis-like populations from Russia,
Germany, Israel, India, Canada, USA and Mexico. Revision was made based on both
morphological and genetic methods (a phylogeny based on sequences of the 12S
mitochondrial gene). Both morphological and molecular-genetic analysis confirmed
the existence of five species on the Holarctic region: (1) Daphnia similis Claus, 1876 in
South Europe, Israel and Iran; (2) Daphnia similoides Hudec, 1991 in India and
Pakistan; (3) Daphnia sinensis Gu, Xu, Li, Dumont, Han, 2013 in Far East and European
portion of Russia, China, Korea, Japan; (4) Daphnia sp. nov. 1 in Germany; (5) Daphnia
exilis Herrick, 1895 in North and South America; (6) Daphnia sp. nov. 2 in North and
South America. Daphnia similis group is a new example of the cladocerans with male
characters more valuable for taxonomy than female characters. Our revision
demonstrates again the continental endemism (“non-cosmopolitanism”) in the
freshwater Cladocerans.
This study has been funded by the Russian Science Foundation (project numbers: 12-04-00207-a and 1404-01149-a).
87
P
Predation of Bythotrephes longimanus: experimental results of selectivity and
consumption
oral presentation
Radka Ptáčníková
1,2*
, Henry A. Vanderploeg
1
1
Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory/NOAA, 4840 S. State Rd., Ann Arbor, MI 48108-9719,
USA
2
current address: WasserCluster Lunz – Biological Station GmbH, Dr. Carl Kupelwieser Promenade 5, 3293
Lunz am See, Austria
* [email protected]
A predatory cladoceran Bythotrephes longimanus belongs to numerous species that
invaded the North American Great Lakes and many other water bodies in the area
around during the last decades. The invasion of Bythotrephes has been followed by
significant changes of indigenous zooplankton communities. However, contradictory
observations have been reported for Bythotrephes regarding its impact to the size
structure of zooplankton communities. Whereas invertebrate predators have been
known to select small size prey, upon establishment of Bythotrephes declined in
some cases only small species, whereas in others also large species disappeared. To
resolve this question, we ran a set of direct predatory experiments with Bythotrephes
and its potential prey from Lake Michigan zooplankton at varying concentrations,
sizes and prey species combinations. We found out that 1) Bythotrephes is indeed
capable to prey successfully on large specimens as well, likely thanks to its flexible
appendages; 2) a swimming behavior, and specifically an ability of a fast escape, play
an important role in sensitivity of potential prey species to Bythotrephes predation.
Besides the selectivity experiments, we determined functional response at increasing
prey concentrations for seven prey taxa, and tested effect of various experimental
setups on consumption rates of Bythotrephes.
88
P
Spatial and temporal diversity of cladocerans in pools of Lower Lobau (Austria)
poster
1,*
1, 2
Radka Ptáčníková , Stefan Preiner , Thomas Hein
1, 2
1
WasserCluster Lunz – Biological Station GmbH, Dr. Carl Kupelwieser Promenade 5, 3293 Lunz am See,
Austria
2
Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management, University of Natural Resources and Life
Sciences, Max-Emanuel-Straße 17, 1180 Vienna, Austria
* [email protected]
Dynamics of diversity and abundance of cladocerans, together with other
zooplankton, have been studied in pools in the Lower Lobau floodplain. This area is
part of the Danube wetlands east of Vienna, Austria. The Lower Lobau is a backwater
of a relatively low connectivity with the Danube, most of the area is influenced
directly by the river only at floods by back-flowing water from a downstream
opening. A study of zooplankton abundance and diversity was carried out in a frame
of a monitoring program evaluating effects of undertaken hydrological measures.
Altogether 13 pools, varying in a degree of connectivity with Danube, have been
examined. Samples were collected on a month or fortnight basis from March till
December 2013, covering a large flood period in late spring 2013 and a consequent
recovery of the system as well. In the same time, a number of environmental
parameters were recorded. Overall, 35 species of cladocerans, 12 species of
copepods, and over 55 taxons of rotifers have been identified. Connectivity (number
of days a pool is connected with the Danube through surface water) seems to be the
most dominant factor structuring zooplankton communities in the pools. Low level of
connectivity was favoring mainly cladocerans, whereas rotifers preferred the
opposite. The second most important factor was seasonality (i.e. temperature).
89
R
Uncovering hidden morphological defences in Daphnia magna –
An interdisciplinary approach to assess the predator induced fortification of the
carapace
student oral presentation
1*
2
2
Max Rabus , Thomas Söllradl , Hauke Clausen-Schaumann , Christian Laforsch
1
2
1
Department of Animal Ecology I, University of Bayreuth, Germany
Department of Precision- and Micro-Engineering, Engineering Physics, University of Applied Sciences
Munich, Germany
* [email protected]
The cladoceran Daphnia magna has been shown to develop a bulky morphotype as
an effective inducible morphological defence against the predatory tadpole shrimp
Triops cancriformis. Mediated by kairomones, the daphnids express an increased
body length, -width and an elongated tail spine. In the present study we examined
whether these large scale morphological defences are accompanied by additional
ultrastructural defences, i.e. a fortification of the exoskeleton. To obtain this goal, we
employed atomic force microscopy (AFM) based nanoindentation experiments to
assess the cuticle hardness along with tapping mode AFM imaging to visualise the
surface morphology for predator exposed and non-predator exposed daphnids. We
used semi-thin sections of the carapace to measure the cuticle thickness, and finally,
we applied fluorescence microscopy to analyse the diameter of the pillars connecting
the two carapace layers. We found that D. magna indeed expresses ultrastructural
morphological defences against Triops. Thereby, the cuticle in induced individuals is
approximately five times harder and two times thicker than in control daphnids.
Moreover, the pillar diameter is significantly increased in induced daphnids. These
induced changes in the carapace architecture should provide an effective protection
against being crushed by the predator’s mouthparts and should therefore
considerably add to the protective effect of the bulkiness in Triops exposed D.
magna. By introducing AFM, a commonly used tool in material sciences, as a very
suitable and comparably accessible and fast method to assess the elastic properties,
i.e. rigidity or hardness, of the carapace in Daphnia, we hope to stimulate further
research on this presumably ubiquitous and important defence mechanism in
planktonic crustaceans.
90
R
The effect of lake sediment on hatching of Daphnia resting eggs
student poster
*
Jacek Radzikowski , Anna Sikora
University of Warsaw, Department of Hydrobiology, Warsaw, Poland
* [email protected]
A large proportion of lake-Daphnia ephippia are shed by the females in water column
and eventually sink to the bottom sediments, where they form an assemblage of
dormant stages, known as an egg bank.
Although numbers of zooplankton eggs stored in such an egg bank often exceed tens
of thousands per square meter, studies have shown that the annual hatch from the
bank is rather low.
This pattern may be caused by the lack of hatching stimuli reaching to the lake
bottom, mechanical coverage that doesn’t allow hatchlings to leave sediments, or a
bet-hedging strategy.
The aim of this study was to determine if coverage by sterilized lake-bottom
sediment affects the number of hatchlings from Daphnia resting eggs.
Samples of 50 lake-Daphnia ephippia were placed in containers with 100 ml of
filtered lake water and covered by sterilized sediment derived from the same lake,
applied in layers of different thickness (from 0.25 to 4 cm + non-covered ephippia as
a control; 4 replicates per treatment). The samples were incubated for 8 weeks under
o
16:8 L:D light regime at 8 C. The same number of replicates per sediment treatment
were prepared with addition of 20 chironomid larvae per replicate (to determine if
they are able to dig up covered ephippia from the bottom of the containers, and thus
facilitate hatching). Every two days all hatchlings were removed and counted. Our
results suggest that even the thinnest layer of sediments covering ephippia
dramatically reduces the number of lake-Daphnia hatchlings, while compared to
control. Addition of chironomid larvae does not change this pattern.
91
R
Epibiont infestation on Cladocerans from urban lakes
poster
Ravichandran Ramanibai
*
Unit of Aquatic Biodiversity, Department of Zoology, University of Madras,Guindy Campus, Chennai-25
*[email protected]
Infestation by epibionts extends their territory of infestation upto non negligible
crustaceans especially the cladocerans. Very recently it was noted that the presence
of epizoic filter feeding protozoan namely vorticella take advantage over cladoceran
inturn influence the zooplankton population, dynamics and community structures of
an ecosystem. Epiplanktonic organisms have received very little attention as they
colonize carapaces of crustacean zooplanktons for their survival. It’s a common
phenomenon reported earlier elsewhere. We examined the cladocerans from two
urban lakes during our routine sampling periods for limnobiological characteristic
features. Across the sampling period, average population of Ceriodaphnia and
Macrothrix were infected by Vorticella and Epistylists. Individual organism as well as
clearly branched colonies infested heavily on the cladocerans genus Ceriodaphnia
and Macrothrix collected from Cheput and Velachery lakes. Except few areas in the
head region the whole body was infested by the epizoids. Since the infestation is
heavy, the density of the parasitic population was unable to count. The epibionts
were small in their size (10-40µm). We noticed that the epibiont prevalence and their
burden are strongly relelated to cladoceran size. To best of our knowledge these are
no date available as parasitic on cladocera from urban freshwater bodies. Apart from
the infestation the environmental conditions of the lakes along with other parasitic
forms present need to be addressed in detail future.
92
R
Influence of Water Temperature on the Adaptive Landscape of Induced Defenses in
Daphnia
oral presentation
Howard Riessen
SUNY Buffalo State, Department of Biology, Buffalo, New York 14222, USA
[email protected]
Water temperature influences many physiological, behavioral, and life history traits
in cladocerans, including various processes that affect interactions with predators.
This relationship shapes the manner in which prey respond to specific predators in
different temperature environments. Many species of Daphnia form induced
morphological defenses (helmets, crests, and neck spines) in response to predator
kairomones, a phenomenon which is typically enhanced at warmer water
temperatures. This temperature effect may simply be a by-product of higher
predator or prey metabolic rates at higher temperatures that increase predator
kairomone production or alter prey growth patterns. Alternatively, it may represent
an adaptive response of the prey to higher predation risk in warmer water, providing
greater protection for Daphnia in an environment in which it is more vulnerable. I
develop a life history model to examine these alternatives for Daphnia (specifically,
D. pulex) subjected to predation by larvae of the phantom midge, Chaoborus, an
interaction which includes the induction of defensive neck spines by the prey in
response to predator kairomones. This model examines how changes in water
temperature affect the vulnerability of Daphnia to Chaoborus predation, and then
applies this to the fitness consequences of developing neck spines. The model
specifically analyzes the influence of water temperature on Daphnia instar
development times and body lengths, and on the encounter rate between Daphnia
and Chaoborus, all of which affect the vulnerability of Daphnia to this gape-limited
ambush predator. It then assesses the costs and benefits of neck spine development
in different temperature environments. Finally, the fitness functions are compared
with the observed effect of water temperature on the pattern of neck spine
induction. These results indicate that Daphnia are more vulnerable to Chaoborus
predation in warmer water and that the enhanced induction of morphological
defenses in this environment is an adaptive response.
93
R
Defense strategies of littoral and pelagic cladocerans (Cladocera) against Hydra sp.
(Cnidaria; Hydrozoa) predation
student poster
1*
2**
Ligia Rivera-De la Parra , S.S.S. Sarma , S. Nandini
2
1
Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria,
Circuito de Posgrados, CP 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
2
Laboratorio de Zoología Acuática, División de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Nacional Autónoma
de México, Campus Iztacala, Av. de los Barrios # 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, CP 54090. Estado
de México, Mexico
* [email protected]
It has been reported that zooplankton has evolved different strategies to avoid
predation including changes in morphology, behavior, physiology or life-history traits
but little is known about the role of some ultrastructural defences like the
exoskeleton fortification and carapace thickness. We hypothesized that in contrast to
pelagic species, littoral cladocerans may have developed thicker carapaces that
provide advantages against littoral predators like Hydra. To assess this, we offered
eight different prey cladocerans (Alona, Ceriodaphnia, Daphnia, Macrothrix, Moina,
Pleuroxus, Scapholeberis and Simocephalus) to Hydra sp. The experiments were
performed during 45 minutes of observation in petri dishes containing 10 ml of
medium and one individual of Hydra and 10 individuals of the selected prey. For each
prey species, we set up four replicates. For a given prey species, the feeding behavior
of the predator (prey encounter, escape, attack, capture, ingestion and egestion) was
recorded. Our data showed that littoral species like Simocephalus, Pleuroxus and
Scapholeberis, despite the high number of encounter (>10 in 45 min.), were
consumed less by Hydra (1-2 ind.). In contrast, pelagic species Daphnia, Ceriodaphnia
and Moina were consumed in significantly higher numbers (5-10 ind.) by the
predator. Macrothrix, though a littoral species, was consumed similar to pelagic
species. Our data suggest that most of the cladocerans that were not affected by the
stinging cells (cnidocytes) of Hydra may have thicker carapaces that serve as antipredatory defense and that these are more developed in littoral species in order to
survive in the hostile environment ruled by the invertebrate predation. Size,
swimming pattern and other morphological characteristics of cladocerans as possible
anti-predatory strategies are also discussed.
** Corresponding author: [email protected]
94
S
Stoichiometric constraints of Daphnia return to post-acidified mountain lakes
oral presentation
1*
1
1
Veronika Sacherová , Veronika Sýkorová , Linda Nedbalová , and Jaroslav Vrba
1
2
2
Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Science, Department of Ecology, Prague, Czech Republic
Biology Centre AS CR, Hydrobiological Institute, Na Sadkach 7, 37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
* [email protected]
Biological recovery of lakes that underwent severe acidification event has been in a
recent focus of many studies. Although with certain delay, zooplankton recovery has
been frequently reported. The more puzzling then remain cases in which one or more
species expected to return fail to do so. In this study we experimentally tested food
quality for daphnids to determine if phosphorus deficiency may prevent
reestablishing of a viable population in a recovering mountain lake.
The experimental conditions were chosen to closely resemble conditions in Plešné
Lake (Bohemian Forest, Czech Republic), where C:P ratio of seston steadily exceeds
1000. Despite increasing concentrations of chlorophyll a the expected Cladoceran
Daphnia longispina never recolonized the lake and even experimental repatriation in
2004 was unsuccessful. In our experiment, D. longispina was fed by green alga
Monoraphidium dybowskii isolated from Plešné Lake and grown in two contrasting
media: P-depleted (C:P 1174) and P-replete (C:P 290); daphnids were fed by either
food suspension in three concentrations of 1, 2, and 4 mg C/L. Cladocerans fed by Pdepleted food particles, with the C:P ratio closely resembling model conditions had
significantly shorter life span in all three carbon concentrations, with average survival
of 3 days, and no reproduction. In contrast, Cladocerans fed by P-replete food
suspensions lived on average 15 and 18 days and reproduced once or twice in higher
concentrations (2 and 4 mg C/L, respectively), but their life span was significantly
shorter in the lowest concentration (1 mg C/L), with the average survival of 3 days
and no reproduction, i.e. similar to those fed by P-depleted food.
In conclusion, we discuss that return of Daphnia longispina or large daphnids in
general to lakes that underwent severe acidification is presently limited not by
absence of propagules or low ability of their transportation, but rather by
stoichiometry of food resources. At the same time, seston stoichiometry still is largely
controlled by interplay of distinct aluminum and phosphorus loading in a particular
Bohemian Forest lake.
95
S
Ecological and ecotoxicological investigation on Cladocera in Mexico
oral presentation
*
S.S.S. Sarma , S. Nandini
Laboratorio de Zoología Acuática, División de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de
México, Campus Iztacala, Av. de los Barrios # 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, CP 54090. Estado de
México, Mexico
* [email protected]
Cladoceran research in Mexico was initiated nearly a hundred years ago through
limnologists reporting taxa, mostly at the generic level. Though serious taxonomic
works on the cladoceran fauna of Mexico began during 1950s, these did not
contribute significantly to the ecological knowledge of these crustaceans. Field and
laboratory ecological investigations on cladocerans in Mexico began nearly three
decades ago and a decade later appeared the emphasis on an ecotoxicological
perspective. Prey-predator interactions between cladocerans and vertebrate
predators like larval fish and salamanders and invertebrates like Hydra, Asplanchna,
Asplanchnopus and copepods have been studied during the last decade. Several
studies are being conducted on the population growth and life history strategies of
different taxa subject to a range of different conditions such as food quality and
quantity, temperature and infochemicals. Field studies concentrate on morphological
and morphometric changes, body size and body weight relations and indicator
species in water quality evaluations. Stress studies on cladocerans in Mexico have
employed a variety substances, both natural (e.g., microcystins, salinity, oils,
allelochemicals) and man-made (e.g., pharmaceuticals). However, most ecotoxicity
tests are carried out using heavy metals and pesticides, but others like radio-active
substances are totally ignored. Currently Mexican input to the global ecology and
ecotoxicology of cladocerans is about 5%. In this review we present the state of art of
the advances and perspectives of the ecology and ecotoxicology of cladocerans in
Mexico.
96
S
Daphnia survival in extreme flood events
oral presentation
1*
1
1
1
1
Jaromir Seda , Jiri Machacek , Petr Znachor , Jiri Nedoma , Klara Rehakova ,
2
Luc De Meester
1
2
Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Biology Centre, Ceske Budejovice, Czechia
Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Leuven, Belgium
* [email protected]
Daphnia are best adapted to live in standing waters of lakes, reservoirs, ponds and
pools. They are not strong swimmers and are in danger of being washed out during
extreme floods when large volumes of water pass through lentic ecosystems. The
fate and recovery of a Daphnia population was investigated during three extreme
flood events in the large Římov Reservoir, Czech Republic. Although Daphnia can
theoretically be entirely washed out from the reservoir, there is a big recovery
potential from resting eggs located in the sediments. We found that population
recovery was less dependent on hatching from ephippia than on the survival of single
individuals which are able to strongly accelerate the production of parthenogenetic
eggs after a flood event ends. The survival of single individuals is most likely caused
by their entering various flood back currents (themselves dependent on reservoir
morphology, sinuosity, presence of side bays and lagoons, etc.) as well as the
extensive vertical distribution of the Daphnia population which enables some
individuals to avoid the depth strata with the highest flow.
97
S
Vertical and horizontal diurnal migration of zooplankton: examination of factors
influencing observed patterns
poster
1*
2
1
Jaromir Seda , Zhanna Buseva , Jiri Machacek , Ivana Vanickova
1
2
1
Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Biology Centre, Ceske Budejovice, Czechia
National Academy of Sciences Belarus, Scientific and Practical Center for Bioresources, Minsk, Belarus
* [email protected]
The vertical and horizontal diurnal migration of zooplankton was investigated in the
elongated eutrophic Římov Reservoir (Czech Republic), a system with strong
longitudinal gradients in productivity and fish abundance and biomass. There are two
contradictory concepts explaining diurnal littoral migration of zooplankton (day/night
changes in zooplankton abundance). The first one suggests that zooplankton use the
littoral area as a night refuge whereas the second postulates that zooplankton move
to the pelagial habitat to avoid predation by fish actively feeding in the littoral zone
at night. The understanding of the driving forces behind diurnal migration are further
complicated by the presence of littoral structures such as macrophytes, rocks and
other physical structures that are difficult to quantify. To circumvent this difficulty,
the littoral zone examined in this study was a clear shore bottom consisting of mud or
sand without any structures. The concurrent sampling of both the shore and the
offshore pelagial habitats allowed us to assess whether zooplankton is leaving the
littoral at night and whether there was an associated zooplankton increase in the
pelagial. This offshore migration was observed in most cases, especially in situations
of high zooplankton densities where the night littoral abundance was found to
decrease by up to 10% of the day values. Generally, the well described and widely
documented phenomenon of fish migration to the littoral at night might be an
explanatory factor for the day/night changes of zooplankton abundance. Fish
predation on zooplankton at night will reduce their abundance through consumption
and will also encourage active offshore migration away from the fish predation zone
by zooplankton. The observed patterns need not be uniform for the whole reservoir
as there are important longitudinal gradients in fish abundance and biomass as well
as large variations in the important pelagial/shoreline ratio along the reservoir.
98
S
Towards type-specific reference conditions for micro-crustacean (Cladocera and
Copepoda) indicators
poster
Ann Kristin Schartau*, Bjørn Walseng
Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Gaustadalléen 21, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway
* [email protected]
Many micro-crustaceans (Cladocera and Copepoda) are sensitive to acidification and
other human pressures, and therefore used in environmental assessments in Norway
and elsewhere. Based on a national dataset on 3100 Norwegian lakes, the sensitivity
to acidification is indicated for 31 species of Cladocera and 23 species of Copepoda,
i.e. about 40% of the species recorded in Norway. According to the European Water
Framework Directive, deviation from reference conditions are the basis for ecological
status assessment. For most acidified lakes, data on micro-crustaceans prior to
acidification does not exist. Therefore, we have to establish reference values for
pressure relevant indicators based on data from lakes of comparable lake-types. For a
dataset of 370 lakes with harmonized monitoring data of micro-crustaceans, we
identified reference lakes by two different approaches. 1) For lakes with sufficient
data on chemical parameters (approximately 150 lakes), we compared present and
calculated pre-industrial water-chemistry, and 2) for all other lakes, we made a
geographical matching of each lake with calculated acid load exceedance given for
2
grids of 12 x 12 km . We also used information on other pressure data to exclude
lakes with uncertain reference status due to increased nutrient input or hydromorphological changes. In total we identified 126 reference lakes, of which 44 lakes
were considered as sensitive to acidification (alkalinity < 0.2 meq/L, Ca < 4 mg/L).
Differences between lakes representing different lake-types (very low alkalinity/clear
lakes versus low alkalinity/clear lakes) was found for most micro-crustacean-based
parameters like species richness, proportion of acid sensitive species and multimetric indices based on both species richness and scoring of indicator species.
Differences between lake-types as well as natural variation within lake-types have to
be taken into consideration in the development of an assessment system for lake’
acidification based on micro-crustaceans.
99
S
Are polyunsaturated fatty acid demands of Daphnia body-size dependent?
student oral presentation
Anna Sikora
1,2*
3
1
, Thomas Petzoldt , Piotr Dawidowicz , Eric von Elert
2
1
University of Warsaw, Department of Hydrobiology, Faculty of Biology, Biological and Chemical Research
Center, Warsaw, Poland
2
University of Cologne, Aquatic Chemical Ecology, Cologne Biocenter, Cologne, Germany
3
Dresden University of Technology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Dresden, Germany
* [email protected]
Biochemical nutrients e.g. polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are one of the main
components that determine the nutritional value of algae as a food for Daphnia. On a
global scale, increasing water temperature results in reduction of the PUFA content in
algae, thus resulting in an overall decrease in their nutritional value. Along with this
small-bodied zooplakton taxa dominate in tropical and subtropical waters, while in
temperate lakes large-bodied species occur more frequently. One possible
explanation of such relationship is that small-bodied species may be physiologically
better adapted to higher temperatures (i.e. decreased PUFA content in their algal
diet), e.g. in terms of lower PUFA demands. The aim of this study was to test the
hypothesis that PUFA demands are body-size dependent increasing with body size.
To test this we conducted life-table experiments with four clones of each of three
species: large-bodied D. magna, medium-bodied D. pulicaria and small-bodied D.
longispina, which were fed the unicellular cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus
supplemented with increasing amounts of the PUFA eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) at
20°C. We analysed the effect of EPA on growth using a nonlinear mixed model
approach based on Monod-like saturation function. The EPA-concentration for 50%
saturation of growth increase increased significantly with body size, which indicates a
lower threshold value for smaller sized Daphnia species.
100
S
Morphology of four species of genus Camptocercus Baird, 1843 (Anomopoda:
Chydoridae).
poster
Artem Y. Sinev
Biological Faculty, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
[email protected]
Study of the four poorly known species of genus Camptocercus – C. oklahomensis
Machin, 1930, C. fennicus Stenroos, 1898, C. uncinatus Smirnov, 1971 and C.
lilljeborgi Schoedler, 1862 revealed high level of differences in both outer
morphology and morphology of appendages. The first three species have typical for
the genus morphology of valves, while C. lilljeborgi have straight ventral margin of
valves with very dense setae, being similar to the species of Graptoleberis. C.
lilleborgi also have most modified appendages, exopodites of limbs III-V uniformly
have seta 4 reduced to the small stub and seta 3 with extremely wide basal part. C.
oklahomensis lacks head keel, typical for the most species of the genus, and have
numerous characters, confirming its basal position within the genus – less elongated
postabdomen with groups of elementary marginal denticles and less specialized
morphology of thoracic limbs. The level of differences observed in thoracic limb
morphology in Camptocercus is unusual for Aloninae, in most genera of the subfamily
limb morphology is uniform. In this feature, Camptocercus is similar to Leydigia, the
other very specialized genus of the group. Uniform thoracic limb morphology within
the most Aloninae genera can be attributed to high level of competition between
genera, where most “optimal” combinations are already attained. Camptocercus and
Leydigia have extremely specialized outer morphology and free from competition
from other genera, so diversification of thoracic limbs morphology between species
became possible.
This study has been funded by the Russian Science Foundation (grant 14-14-00778).
101
S
Cladocera of Hainan Island, China
oral presentation
1
2
Artem Y. Sinev , Yangliang Gu , Bo-Ping Han
3
1
Biological Faculty, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
Departmet of Ecology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
3
Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
2
[email protected]
Cladoceran fauna of Hainan Island was investigated for the first time. Samples were
collected during January 2013 and April 2014 from over 80 water bodies. Studied
water bodies included large and small reservoirs, ponds and pools, rivers, streams,
and paddy fields (there are no large natural lakes on the island). Our study revealed
53 species of Caldocera: 9 species of Sididae, 5 species of Daphnidae, 2 species of
Moinidae, 2 species of Macrothricidae, 2 species of Ilyocryptidae, 3 species of
Bosminidae, and 30 species of Chydoridae. Planctonic communities are dominated by
Diaphanosoma dubium Manuilova, 1964, D. excisum Sars, 1885, D. sarsi Richard,
1894, Moina micrura Kurz, 1874 and Bosminopsis deitersi (Richard, 1895). Three
Chydoridae species, Camptocercus vietnamensis Thanh, 1980, Disparalona ikarus
Kotov & Sinev, 2011 and Alona kotovi Sinev, 2012 are recorded for China for the first
time. Fauna of the island is consisting mostly of Oriental and Pantropical species, but,
surprisingly it includes several Palearctic species and East Asian endemics – Alona
costata Sars, 1862, Disparalona ikarus, Camptocercus uncinatus Smirnov, 1971 and
Ilyocryptus yooni Jeong, Kotov & Lee, 2013. For these species, Hainan Island is a
southmost surely recorded point of distribution. The number of species found is
comparatively small, recent study of Vientiane province, Central Laos (Kotov et al,
2013) revealed 70 species, study of Cat Tien National Park, South Vietnam (Sinev &
Korovchinsky, 2013), a much smaller area – 53 species. Small number of the species
can be attributed to the low intensity of sampling, but in our opinion it reflects the
lack of natural lakes – faunistically most rich water bodies – on the island.
Communities in the reservoirs suffer greatly from water fluctuations, which prevents
development of permanent macrophyte stands, a preferable habitat of many littoral
cladocera.
This study was partially supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grant 13-04-01065-а for
the first author).
102
S
Population dynamics in a rock-pool metacommunity
student oral presentation
Katie Sirianni
Cornell University, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Ithaca, NY, USA
[email protected]
A fundamental goal of community ecology is to understand how different species
that use similar resources are able to coexist. An excellent place to address this is in
systems that are not very diverse but where the focal species are abundant so the
population dynamics of the similar species can be examined thoroughly. The rockpools on Appledore Island, Gulf of Maine, USA are one such system. These rock pools
are home to two dominant cladocerans, Moina macrocopa and D. pulex × pulicaria
hybrids. Both of these taxa exist in extremely high abundances in some of these rock
pools, though local extinctions are frequent. In addition to having a relatively simple
food web, these rock-pools are connected to each other by dispersal, forming a
metacommunity. The cladoceran strategy of producing diapausing eggs therefore
makes this system ideal for studying coexistence and how both space and time play a
role in the coexistence of these two cladocerans. To begin to answer this question,
throughout the summer of 2013 I studied the population dynamics in 17 rock-pools
weekly. For successive sampling points I calculated the population growth, birth and
death rates for each taxon. While the birth rates of M. macrocopa were consistently
high before dropping to zero just before each local population went extinct, the birth
rates of D. pulex × pulicaria fluctuated dramatically over the course of the season.
These differences in birth rate patterns indicate that the two taxa may be using
resources differently, or have different survival strategies. In addition, while each
cladoceran sometimes had negative death rates, which indicate dispersal into a pool
because the population is growing faster than possible based solely on the birth rate,
D. pulex × pulicaria had negative death rates more frequently. This suggests that the
two species have different strategies for among-pool spatial dispersal or within-pool
temporal dispersal via diapausing eggs. Different ways dealing with temporal and
spatial habitat variation may provide a mechanism for coexistence for these
cladocerans, and provide a model system for understanding how species are able to
coexist in time and space more generally.
This study has received funding from Cornell University’s Department of Ecology and Evolution and the
Cornell Chapter of Sigma Xi.
103
S
The mystery of synchronisation of sexual reproduction in Daphnia
poster
Mirosław Ślusarczyk and Magdalena Janusz
Department of Hydrobiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw
[email protected]
Under favourable conditions populations of cyclically parthenogenetic Daphnia may
comprise exclusively of females that form clonal offsprings in mitotic way. When they
occasionally switch to meiotic eggs formation proportion of males need to increase
within populations to allow fertilisation of sexual eggs. The mechanism of
synchronisation of sexual reproduction in cyclically parthenogenetic Daphnia remains
enigmatic.
In case of seasonal thus predictable events both males formation and meiotic eggs
production might be synchronised by seasonal triggers. The way of synchronisation of
sexual reproduction in front of unpredictable events face greater challenge.
In the present study we aimed to reveal the way of synchronisation of sexual
reproduction of Daphnia facing unpredictable catastrophic events. We investigated
whether the presence/absence of males in the habitat affects the decision of females
to form males, females or sexual eggs when being exposed to unpredictable risk of
fish predation.
In a laboratory experiment we exposed Daphnia magna females assisted or not by
conspecific males to the fish derived kairomones, and tested if they form males,
females or sexual eggs.
We found significant effect of fish kairomones on ephippia formation and strong
clonal variability in this response. Surprisingly males presence disfavoured ephippia
formation by experimental females. Moreover, no effect of fish kairomones nor
males presence on males formation was reported.
While most ephippia contained two eggs in the “male” treatment, majority of them
remained empty in the “female only” treatment. The few ephippial eggs found in the
further treatment appeared unviable. This indicates ephippial eggs were most likely
formed sexually by experimental females and were resorbed or decayed if not
fertilised.
The mechanism of synchronisation of sexual reproduction still needs explanation.
104
S
What do we know about diversity of Coronatella in South America?
student poster
Francisco Diogo R. Sousa
1,2*
2
, Lourdes M. A. Elmoor-Loureiro , Sandro Santos
1
1
Núcleo de Estudos em Biodiversidade Aquática, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria – UFSM, Santa
Maria, RS, Brazil
2
Laboratório de Biodiversidade Aquática, Universidade Católica de Brasília – UCB, Taguatinga Sul, DF, Brazil
* [email protected]
Since the translocation of Alona rectangula-group to Coronatella genus, the revision
of the records of C. rectangula and the redescription of C. poppei were indicated as
priority to the taxonomic knowledge of the genus in South America. Recently, it was
discovered that records of C. rectangula from meridional South America represents a
new species of Ovalona. Based on specimens from type region (Limache, Chile), we
analyze the morphology of C. poppei and we investigated several populations
presumed to belong to this species collected in Brazilian territory. Our results indicate
that records C. poppei outside of meridional South America belong to other taxa,
including C. monacantha and three new species. Cotonatella poppei differ from other
species of the genus in possessing accessory seta on the endite of the P2 and sshaped basal spine in males. Coronatella n.sp.1 differ from other species in
morphology of labral kell and presence dorsal kell on the carapace. Coronatella n.sp.2
can be recognized by internal setules on the posteroventral corner of carapace
forming group and IDL setae arranged in 2+1. Coronatella n.sp.3 can be recognized by
presence of rudimentary setae on the exopodite P2 and two denticles on the
posterorventral corner of carapace. These species present distinct geographical
distribution: C. poppei occurrs in the meridional part of continent, Coronatella n.sp.1
in central region of Brazil, Coronatella n.sp.2 in Brazilian northeastern and
Coronatella n.sp.3 is limited to habitats near to littoral coast of Brazilian
northeastern. The diversity of Coronatella species in the South America could be
considered high, however, this number may increase because large extensions in the
continent still need be investigated.
This study has been funded by Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
105
S
A human-facilitated invasion reconstructed from the sediment egg bank using
genetic markers.
oral presentation
1,2
3
3
1
Markus Möst , Sarah Oexle , Dominik Martin-Creuzburg , Livia Baumgartner and
1,2*
Piet Spaak
1
Aquatic Ecology, Eawag, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
3
Limnological Institute, University of Konstanz, D-78464 Konstanz, Germany
2
* presenting author: [email protected]
Anthropogenic activities can affect the evolution of natural populations and species
by altering selective forces. Consequently, humans become themselves an important
evolutionary force. Pollution, eutrophication, as well as introduction of species are
well known examples for such human-induced changes. Resting eggs preserved in
lake sediments together with traces of human activities stored in the sediment
record allow to reconstruct human impacts on the evolutionary history of water flea
species over the last decades. The egg bank allows for a reconstruction of population
structure and dynamics, invasions, and microevolutionary changes for Daphnia
species. Lake sediments constitute also a useful record for trophic changes in lakes. In
an interdisciplinary approach, bringing together evolutionary ecologists and
sedimentologists, we reconstructed population patterns and dynamics of D. pulicaria
after invading Lower Lake Constance. We investigated the genetic diversity of the
resting eggs to reconstruct the invasion pattern. Using sequencing information we
tried to determine the origin of this invasion. This invasion is compared to another
peri-alpine lake, Greifensee, where recently a population of D. pulicaria was
observed.
106
S
Are body size-based theories of food webs a heresy in cladocerology?
oral presentation
W. Gary Sprules
Department of Biology, University of Toronto, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
[email protected]
In a 1972 summary of observations on the abundance of various-sized organisms in
the sea, RW Sheldon and colleagues wrote that “to a first approximation, roughly
equal concentrations of material occur at all particle sizes within the range from 1 m
6
to m 10 m, i.e. from bacteria to whales.” This keen insight stimulated further
research into relationships between organism abundance and body size in nature, at
first in aquatic ecosystems, but then in terrestrial ones too. What has emerged is the
recognition of remarkable regularities in the size structure of natural systems, and a
body of theory on how simple allometric functions of metabolism and predation
govern the movement of material through these systems. In a synthesis of this
research I will illustrate how a different perspective on ecosystem structure and
function emerges from a consideration of organism body size than one based on
species composition which is perhaps more familiar to cladocerologists.
107
S
Response of Cladocera to hemp-retting practices
– from paleolimnology, to the experiment
poster
Magdalena Suchora
University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Hydrobiology Department, Dobrzańskiego 37, 20-262 Lublin, Poland
[email protected]
Numerous paleolimnological studies demonstrate that cultural eutrophication of
inland waters is a phenomenon not exclusively related to post-industrial times.
Indeed, episodes of severe eutrophication deeply affecting freshwater ecosystems
are evident in the pre-industrial historical record. One example of an ancient cause of
eutrophication of lakes is related to the wide-spread practices of hemp-retting, a
cottage industry of Europe since the Middle Ages. Hemp (Cannabis sativa) is one of
the oldest and most multipurpose crops that is grown even today. The basic use of
hemp is in fibre production, and the earliest findings of hemp products in Europe
date back to the Hallstatt culture (800 - 400 B.C.). The traditional fibre extraction
technique involves 6-8 weeks of water retting of plant stems to dissolve the pectin,
which fixes the fibres to the stalk. Separation of the fibre from the stalk is a microbial
process. For this purpose, natural water-bodies, mostly small lakes, were used. This
practice resulted in a high input of allochtonous organic matter and additional
nutrient supply to the lake, which affected the entire ecosystems. Paleolimnological
studies diagnosed retting episodes in many lakes. Obtained results point to the role
of hemp-retting in facilitating rapid eutrophication, and reveal some of the
mechanisms behind it. Among them, often mentioned are increasing nutrient
concentrations in water and worsening oxygen conditions. Previous studies had
revealed that rapid changes in freshwater ecosystems due to hemp-retting have a
serious effect on many groups of aquatic organisms: chironomids, ostracods,
molluscs. However, so far, there are no detailed studies of the mechanisms behind it,
and most of the conclusions are based on hypothetical, rather than empirical studies.
In particular, there is no comprehensive research (encompassing microcosm
experiments) on cladoceran reaction to fibre-plants retting. To fill this niche, we
embarked upon experimental research, aiming to explore the influence of (1) hemp
extract (2) hemp stalks and total products of their decomposition on water chemistry
and water biota - cladocera, phytoplankton and bacteria. In so-doing, we intend to
present our initial work in the form of a poster and then elicit commentary.
108
S
Subfossil Bosmina size structure – the paleolimnology indicator
poster
Krystyna Szeroczyńska
Institute of Geological Sciences, Polish Academy of Sciences, Research Centre in Warsaw, Twarda 51/55,
Warsaw, Poland
[email protected]
In sediments deposited during Late Holocene, among many Cladocera fossils, it can
be find several “not typical” Bosmina (Eubosmina) remains. These remains were
never recorded in Early Holocene. Different species of Eubosmina with long or very
long mucro, with very short or very long antennas were found in sediments of deep
lakes located in N Poland (Tuchola Forest: Lake Ostrowite - 45 m, Lake Charzykowskie
- 35 m) and in NE Germany (Lake Tiefen See - 65 m depth). The data shows cooccurrence of several Eubosmina species (longispina, kessleri, reflexa, coregoni,
gibbera, thersites, berolinensis) in the lakes. They are a product of speciation, and the
poster presents the evidence of this speciation. In the studied lakes the different type
of Eubosmina occurred in different layers and do not follow chronological order. We
can be sure, that we have been observing the most recent speciation of Bosmina (E),
with the latest appearance of B. (E.) thersites within the last millennium. The studies
indicated high influence of predation regimes on Bosmina cyclomorphosis and
pointed Bosmina to be indicative to track changes in these regimes. The increasing or
reducing body size (longer or shorter mucros and anntenas) may confer some
protection of bosminids against predators. The three studied deep-water lakes
(Poland and Germany) presented in the poster indicate also, that the cyclomorphosis
of Bosmina can be connected not only with predators pressure but also with many
other limnological factors. In Lake Tiefen See (Germany), in sediments, not or poorly
laminated, high abundance of “extreme morphs” was found, but in the well
laminated sediments only the “normal morphs” and head-shields with very short
antennas Eubosmina -type were noticed. It indicates the influence of some other
agents – chemical or physical water disturbances. For example, drastic changes of
temperature, chemical composition or turbid water could provoked extreme
cyclomorphosis.
109
T
Connectivity as a driving force behind regional community structure of cladocera
metacommunities in highly connected linear water bodies in the Netherlands
student oral presentation
1*
1,2
Sven Teurlincx , Ellen van Donk , Steven Declerck
1
1
Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Department of Aquatic Ecology, P.O. Box 50 NL-6700 AB,
Wageningen, The Netherlands
2
Utrecht University, Institute of Environmental Biology, Ecology and Biodiversity, H.R. Kruytgebouw,
Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
* [email protected]
Conservation and stimulation of aquatic biodiversity is a key concern for many nature
managers and governments which is by now firmly embedded in their legislation (e.g.
the European Water Framework Directive). Historically, management and study of
aquatic biodiversity has focussed on the local water body and habitat suitability,
largely ignoring spatial patterning on a landscape level. While obviously important,
local habitat alone cannot explain the community structure and diversity of a site.
Including landscape configuration and other communities in the landscape allows for
a more thorough understanding of (meta)community patterns found in nature. This
study focusses on cladocera metacommunities in 15 polder regions (artificial,
hydrologically isolated ditch ecosystems) in the Netherlands. These regions serve as
replicate landscapes within the study design. In each region 24 ditch reaches were
sampled in the summer of 2012 or 2013 for cladocera community composition and
known driving environmental variables (e.g. nutrients, food availability, predator
presence) were measured on site; making for 360 sampled ditch reaches in total.
Regions were selected based on the general land management practices in the area
(intensive agriculture, nature management and agri-environmental management).
Through this study design were are able to examine patterns in cladocera
communities at the metacommunity level rather than only within one
metacommunity. Due to the nature of the study system, connectivity is a assumed to
be a very important factor governing community structure at the landscape level. The
ditch network imposes a strict connection between localities. Also, structures like
dams and bridges may impede or block flow of both material and organisms, thereby
shaping local communities. At the symposium we will focus on results showing the
effects of including these structures into spatial modelling approaches trying to
explain the spatial patterns in cladocera communities in Dutch ditch ecosystems.
This study has been funded by the the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) within the
programme ‘OBW – Biodiversiteit Werkt’ (project no. 841.11.009).
110
T
Evolutionary history and current environmental changes explain contrasting
population genetic structures in European Daphnia species
oral presentation
1*
2,3
4
Anne Thielsch , Robert H. S. Kraus , Bruno Streit , Klaus Schwenk
1
1
University of Koblenz-Landau, Institute for Environmental Sciences, Molecular Ecology, Fortstr. 7, 76829
Landau, Germany
2
University of Konstanz, Department of Biology, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
3
Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Department of Migration and Immuno-Ecology, Am Obstberg 1,
78315 Radolfzell, Germany
4
Goethe University - Biologicum, Department of Ecology and Evolution, Max-von-Laue-Straße 13, 60438
Frankfurt am Main, Germany
* [email protected]
Although many zooplankton species are good dispersers through their sexually
produced dormant stages, the influence of gene flow is assumed to be negligible, as
the local populations usually monopolize the available resources, preventing
immigration of new genotypes. To evaluate the importance of different factors
influencing population genetic structure, we studied European populations of three
widely distributed and ecologically plastic species of the genus Daphnia, D. galeata,
D. longispina and D. cucullata, using microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA markers.
They often occur sympatrically but show differing population genetic structures.
While D. longispina populations are highly differentiated across localities, D. galeata
populations are genetically homogenous. This indicates historical diversification in D.
longispina resulting in the development of mature populations with restricted gene
flow, possibly due to monopolization of local resources. In contrast, D. galeata
expanded probably very recently and populations may still be connected through
gene flow. The population genetic structure of these taxa was most likely influenced
by different historical events. D. longispina may have expanded its range after the
last ice age while the recent expansion of D. galeata might be facilitated by
anthropogenic alteration of freshwater habitats (e.g., eutrophication) which enabled
multiple successful invasions.
111
T
Eco-Evo-Devo adventures of cladocerans and other pancrustaceans
poster
Vladimir K. Tchougounov
Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters RAS, Laboratory of Experimental Ecology, Borok, Russia
[email protected]
Here I will discuss how adaptive discrete resource polyphenism is based on the
morphogenetic action of juvenile hormone through Hox genes. I will also describe the
clone-specific food-dependent Medea effect in D. magna as facultative embryocide.
112
T
Long term evidence for Red Queen dynamics in a co-evolving Daphnia-parasite
system.
student oral presentation
1
1
2
3
4
Patrick Turko *, Esther Keller , Justyna Wolinska , Corine Schoebel , Barbara Keller ,
5
1
1
Christoph Tellenbach , Nadine Tardent , Piet Spaak
1
Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), Aquatic Ecology Department,
Dübendorf, Switzerland
2
Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Ecosystem Research Department,
Berlin, Germany
3
Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow, and Landscape Research (WSL), Biodiversity and Conservation
Biology, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
4
Universität Zürich, Institut für Systematische Botanik, Zürich, Switzerland
5
University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, School of Biosciences, Birmingham, UK
* [email protected]
Daphnia display surprisingly high clonal diversity, given how often certain genotypes
dominate their populations. Clones can asexually build numbers exceeding 80% of a
lake’s entire Daphnia population. Where parthenogenesis occurs year-round, these
genotypes could achieve lasting dominance, but they rarely – if ever – achieve
fixation, or even persistence. Rather, we observe constant flux within large clonal
pools. This diversity may be explained by negative frequency dependent selection,
whereby common clones incur population-lessening costs, allowing rare clones to
increase. Parasites are often proposed as the agent of this selection, as they should
evolve to specialize on common hosts, eventually imposing large costs. This scenario
is known as the Red Queen Hypothesis (RQH). Under the RQH, we hypothesized that
successful Daphnia clones should start out rare and be significantly under-parasitized,
become more common, become significantly over-parasitized, and decline or
disappear, allowing the cycle to continue. To test this hypothesis, we took advantage
of long term data compiled on the parasite-host system in Greifensee, Switzerland,
where Daphnia are parasitized by the Ichthyosporidian Caullerya mesnili. This data
set combines fine temporal scale Daphnia genotype data with infection status from
2001 until 2013, comprising over 20,000 Daphnia during 10 Caullerya epidemics. Our
observations support the above hypothesis. The most common genotypes at a
particular time are nearly always over- or under-infected. If over-infected, these
clones usually decline or disappear. In contrast, common under-infected clones
usually increase in dominance. The most dominant clones were nearly always rare or
absent the previous year, denying us the statistical power to detect under-infection
of rare clones. In some cases the over-infection of dominant clones was followed by
their decline, subsequent under-infection, and finally re-establishment of dominance.
We conclude that negative frequency selection by co-evolving parasites may be a
driver of clonal diversity in Greifensee Daphnia.
113
V
Demographic characteristics of selected cladocerans in the presence of
invasive and native copepod predators Mesocyclops pehpeiensis Hu and M.
longisetus Thiébaud
student poster
1*
2**
Meetztli Alejandra Valencia-Vargas , S. Nandini , S. S. S. Sarma
2
1
Posgrado en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad
Universitaria, Av. Universidad 3000, CP 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
2
Laboratorio de Zoología Acuática, División de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Nacional Autónoma
de México, Campus Iztacala, Av. de los Barrios # 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, CP 54090. Estado
de México, Mexico
* [email protected]
Invertebrate predators influence the phenotypic responses of their prey through
direct (via predation) and indirect (via infochemicals) interactions. It is possible that
the energetic costs in eliciting these responses are reflected in the demographic
variables of zooplankton exposed to these predators. Although studies do exist on
this subject, they are few and practically non-existent with regard to invasive
predators. The genus Mesocyclops is widely distributed in Mexico; Mesocyclops
longisetus is native, while M. pehpeiensis is an exotic species from Asia. In this study,
we compared the demographic responses of Moina macrocopa and Ceriodaphnia
cornuta exposed indirectly to Mesocyclops pehpeiensis or M. longisetus. The life
6
table experiments were conducted in 80 ml jars with 50 ml medium and fed 0.5x10
-1
cells ml of Scenedesmus acutus. For each cladoceran species, two treatments in
quadruplicate were set up: 5 neonates + 5 adult M. pehpeiensis or 5 M. longisetus
(separated from the cladocerans by a mesh). In general, both the cladocerans
showed lower growth rates in the presence of the copepods, the effect being most
pronounced on C. cornuta due to M. pehpeiensis. We also observed differences in
the survivorship and fecundity patterns. Our results indicate that the invasive M.
pehpeiensis had an adverse impact on the survival, reproduction and somatic growth
of the cladocerans, more than the native M. longisetus.
**
Corresponding author: [email protected]
114
V
Population history with respect to eutrophication determines disease outcome
upon toxic cyanobacterial stress in Daphnia.
poster
Marlies Coopman, Koenraad Muylaert, Silke Van Den Wyngaert, Lien Reyserhove,
*
Isabel Vanoverberghe , Ellen Decaestecker
1
Department of Biology, University of Leuven (Kulak), Kortrijk, Belgium
* [email protected]
Environmental changes often weaken hosts or induce host responses, which may
result in a severe disease outcome. We investigated if the interaction between toxic
cyanobacteria and parasite exposure depends on the host population response with
respect to its eutrophic history. We exposed Daphnia magna clones to the toxic
cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa and a virulent parasite that causes White
Bacterial Disease. Our results show that a Daphnia population with eutrophic history
is more susceptible to the disease upon exposure to toxic M. aeruginosa than a
Daphnia population with oligotrophic history. This observation can be mechanistically
linked to a difference in feeding rate with respect to the toxic cyanobacteria. These
results show that the interaction between parasites and cyanobacteria is context
dependent and that trait-mediated indirect effects (TMIEs) evolve upon exposure to
natural occurring toxicants, which in turn affect disease outcome in Daphnia.
115
V
White Bacterial Disease in Daphnia is associated with the oxidation of lipids in the
adipose tissue
poster
1
1
1
1
Marlies Coopman , Koenraad Muylaert , Martijn Callens , Silke Van Den Wyngaert ,
1*
2
2
1
Isabel Vanoverberghe , Joke Hollants , Anne Willems & Ellen Decaestecker
1
2
Aquatic Biology, KULeuven-Kulak, E. Sabbelaan 53, B-8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
Laboratory of Microbiology, University Ghent, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, B-8500 Ghent, Belgium
* [email protected]
Bacterial infections are a widespread threat for many hosts, but experimental model
systems for host-bacterial pathogen interactions are limited to a few species. We
here investigated the physiological basis of peculiar phenotypic responses and tried
to link it to plausible causative agents of White Bacterial Disease (WBD) of the
invertebrate crustacean Daphnia. WBD-infected Daphnia can be easily distinguished
phenotypically, given that WBD induces intense color changes of the adipose tissue.
WBD is a virulent infection, shows horizontal transmission, develops fast and is
supposed to be caused by an intercellular bacterial infection of the adipose tissue of
its Daphnia host. DAPI staining unraveled the presence of extra living organisms in
WBD-infected versus control Daphnia. Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis
(DGGE) indicated the involvement of the Bacteroidetes genera Flavobacterium and
Emticicia in WBD-infected individuals. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) on
sections of infected adipose tissue confirmed the presence of members of the
Bacteroidetes. The color changes of the adipose tissue of WBD-infected Daphnia can
be linked to oxidized fatty acids in the adipose tissue, which makes this hostpathogen system a valuable experimental model to further investigate the link
between fatty acid oxidation and immune responses upon infections.
116
V
Evaluation of invertebrate toxins pesticide capacity in non-target and
ecotoxicological model species Daphnia magna
poster
*
Eline Beert, Jan Tytgat, Isabel Vanoverberghe , Steven Peigneur, Ellen Decaestecker
Aquatic Biology, KULeuven-KULAK, Kortrijk, Belgium
* [email protected]
In the framework of Integrated Pest Management programs, biological control is
important to target and constrain pests, but one should also estimate the
environmental effects of pesticides. Pesticides form a strong selective factor, often
weakening non-target organisms and leading to resistance in natural populations.
Recently, a peptide, extracted from the venom of sea anemone Anthopleura
elegantissima, was proven to block insect voltage-dependent sodium channels ex
vivo and was proposed as a novel potent pesticide. In our study, we aim to
investigate the bio-pesticide capacity of this and other invertebrate venom-derived
toxins (from sea anemones, conus snails, scorpions and spiders) by using aquatic
model system Daphnia magna. Both insects and crustaceans belong to the taxon of
the Panarthropoda within the invertebrates and can thus be expected to share a lot
of genes. A recent study showed that in the phylogeny of sodium channels, insects
and crustaceans are closely linked. These basic nerve responses are important signal
mechanisms and are conserved throughout the bilaterian animals. In this perspective,
we can evaluate these potentially new pesticides on their environmental effects and
study the toxins working and resistance mechanisms.
117
V
Cladoceran diversity in a tropical reservoir in Mexico
student poster
1*
2**
Aurora Vázquez-Sánchez , S. Nandini , S.S.S. Sarma
2
1
Posgrado en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad
Universitaria, Av. Universidad 3000, CP 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
2
Laboratorio de Zoología Acuática, División de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Nacional Autónoma
de México, Campus Iztacala, Av. de los Barrios # 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, CP 54090. Estado
de México, Mexico
* [email protected]
Mexico has few natural lakes; as a result several hundreds of large reservoirs
have been constructed to meet the demands of the people. One of these is the
Valerio Trujano reservoir situated in the Tepecoacuilco de Trujano Municipality
in the State of Guerrero. Cladocerans are an important part of the zooplankton
community in these reservoirs but there are few studies on their diversity in
Mexico. We analyzed the monthly variations in cladoceran density and
diversity in the Valerio Trujano over two annual cycles, 2011-2012 and 20132014 from October to September for each year. Eighty liters of water from the
reservoir was filtered through a 50µm mesh at 4-6 different sampling sites
encompassing littoral and pelagic regions. Physico-chemical variable such as
temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, Secchi, chlorophyll a, conductivity, nitrates
and phosphates were also estimated at the time of sampling. The temperature
ranged from 22 to 36°C, the pH from 6 to10, the dissolved oxygen from 4.5 to
-1
-1
-1
9 mg L , nitrates from 0.06 to 0.3 mg L , phosphates from 0.5 to16 mg L ,
-1
conductivity from 45 to 400 µS cm and Secchi transparency from 3 to 140 cm.
We found 11 species of cladocerans during the study of which the genera
-1
-1
-1
Moina (58 ind. L ), Diaphanosoma (88 ind. L ) and Bosmina (26 ind. L ) were
most abundant, particularly in the winter months of January and February. The
rare species included Ilyocryptus gouldeni and Ilyocryptus spinifer.
**
Corresponding author: [email protected]
118
V
Dormant eggs as a tool for relating changes in cladoceran community to
anthropogenic eutrophication in the Baltic Sea
poster
1*
2
3
Anu Vehmaa , Katja Mäkinen , Tarja Katajisto , Ulrika Candolin
4
1
Tvärminne Zoological Station, University of Helsinki, Hanko, Finland
Archipelago Research Institute, University of Turku, Nauvo, Finland
3
Finnish Environment Institute, Marine Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland
4
University of Helsinki, Department of Biosciences, Helsinki, Finland
2
* [email protected]
The aim of the study was to test the usefulness of egg banks for assessing changes in
cladoceran community during the past decades. We compared the egg bank in
laminated sediment in the archipelago of the Gulf of Finland in the Baltic Sea to the
available zooplankton monitoring data from a close by monitoring station. We
sampled and sliced a 30-cm-long sediment core into 1-cm subsamples, from which
137
cladoceran resting eggs were identified and counted. According to Cs dating, the
core-sample covered a time period from the 1960’s till today, i.e., the period during
which the Baltic Sea has undergone drastic anthropogenic eutrophication. Resting
eggs from the genera Cercopagis, Ceriodaphnia, Daphnia, Eubosmina, Evadne and
Pleopsis/Podon were present in the samples. The eggs were found throughout the
core; however, the number of Daphnia and Eubosmina eggs was substantially higher
in the top 8 cm than in deeper layers. The highest Daphnia and Eubosmina egg
numbers in the surface layers corresponded well with peak abundances in the
monitoring data during the past 10 years, but for older sediment layers, comparisons
were impossible due to the low number of eggs in these layers. The densities of
Evadne and Pleopsis/Podon resting eggs were more constant throughout the studied
layers. Both genera showed some parallel patterns with the monitoring abundance
data, but variation remained that was not evident in the monitoring data. This could
be due to differences between sampling sites. Alternatively, years with a high
cladoceran abundance may not result in a high resting egg production. Our results
show that cladoceran egg banks are informative about the presence of taxa during
the past few decades, but that reliable information about community structure is
difficult to get because of differences in the rate of decay between taxa.
This study has been funded by the Kone Foundation.
119
V
Allelopathic effect of Ceratophyllum demersum (L.) on the demography of Moina
macrocopa (Straus, 1820) (Cladocera)
student poster
José Luis Viveros-Legorreta
2
Nandini
1
2
1,2*
1
2
, Angélica Rodríguez Dorantes , S.S.S. Sarma , S.
Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México, D.F., Mexico
Laboratorio de Zoología Acuática, División de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Nacional Autónoma
de México, Campus Iztacala, Av. de los Barrios # 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, CP 54090. Estado
de México, Mexico
* [email protected]
Allelopathic, antagonistic interactions between macrophytes and zooplankton have
been well documented although most are based on aqueous extracts of the active
compounds from the plants. In this work, we investigated the allelopathic activity of
the cosmopolitan macrophyte, Ceratophyllum demersum on the life table
demography of Moina macrocopa.
C. demersum was obtained from the shallow waterbody, Laguna Salazar (State of
Mexico) in the month of January when it grows best in the cooler temperatures.
Acetone (Ace E) and aqueous (Aqu E) extracts of the macrophyte containing
allelochemicals were obtained using standard chemical methods. Acute toxicity tests
revealed about 50% of the neonate M. macrocopa were killed when exposed to 300
µL of Aqu E, while for Ace E, Moina tolerated higher levels. Chronic toxicity (life table
demography) tests were conducted in 30 ml medium using four sublethal levels of
Aqu E. For each treatment we used 5 replicates (cohorts of 10 neonates). Results of
the chronic toxicity tests indicated that both the survivorship and reproductive
variables of M. macrocopa decreased with increasing concentration of aqueous
extract. In general, at any given concentration of this extract, the reproductionrelated variables of M. macrocopa are more adversely affected than those of the
survivorship. Data are discussed in relation to role of macrophyte allelochemicals in
affecting the demography of Moina macrocopa.
This study has been funded by the SIP-IPN (Project no. 20141314).
120
V
Light intensity controls anti-predator defences in Daphnia
oral presentation
Christoph Effertz, Eric von Elert
*
University of Koeln, Zoological Institute, Aquatic Chemical Ecology, Köln, Germany
* [email protected]
Daphnia has become a textbook example for inducible anti-predator defences.
Among the most widespread inducible defences against planktivorous fish are Diel
Vertical Migration (DVM) and Life-history changes (LHC). Many Daphnia clones have
been shown to be capable by responding with DVM and LHC to fish-produced
kairomones. However, as each of these defences comes with specific costs, it should
be adaptive to inversely couple the onset of either induction. Here we show for
Daphnia magna that a LHC response is observed in the presence of light only and
that LHC is suppressed in darkness. A similar effect of light was observed for the
kairomone-mediated expression of selected target genes in D. magna. Using a
naturally relevant gradient of light intensity reveals that a light intensity threshold
has to be exceeded to allow for LHC in response to fish kairomones. Our findings
strongly suggest that light mediates the inverse coupling of DVM and LHC: DVM
results in residence in a low-light habitat and thus indirectly suppresses LHC. This
light-mediated LHC response allows for a dynamic coupling of both anti-predator
defences so that seasonal changes in the availability of a hypolimnetic refuge
feedback on the realized type of defence in a given Daphnia genotype.
121
W
Child labour results in new records and common names for microcrustaceans
oral presentation
Bjørn Walseng
Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Gaustadalléen 21, N-0349 Oslo, Norway
[email protected]
In 1995 The Research Council of Norway took the initiative to organize Norway’s first
"Research days" – a week long research festival. Since then, the festival has emerged
as the nation’s foremost arena for publicly-targeted information about science and
research activities, with events taking place at locations throughout the entire
country. In 2013 the topic was fishless ponds with special focus on the distribution of
three daphnia species, D. magna, D. pulex and D. longispina, and school children
were invited to sample nearby ponds for these and other species. The pupils were
also invited to give common names (in Norwegian) to the three Daphnia-species,
given three alternatives. This was a part of a project which aimed to give all
Norwegian cladocerans and copepods common names. The campaign resulted in 175
samples from 158 schools and 75 out of 130 cladocerans/copepods known from
Norway, were recorded. Among others, we got new records for red-listed species.
The campaign also resulted in valuable information about other freshwater groups,
i.e. Ostracods, Harpactoids and Conchostraca.
122
W
Morphological changes of filtering appendages and life history shifts of Daphnia
magna in the presence of cyanobacteria with varying thicknesses of filaments
student oral presentation
*
Lukasz Wejnerowski , Slawek Cerbin, Marcin Dziuba
Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Environmental Biology, Department
of Hydrobiology, Poland
* [email protected]
Large-bodied Daphnia species are known to be highly sensitive to the presence of
filamentous cyanobacteria. This sensitivity depends on several factors, e.g. density of
filaments and filament morphology, especially their length. Actual knowledge,
however, does not answer whether the filament length is a sole morphological
parameter influencing the sensitivity of daphnids to cyanobacteria. For this reason,
we decided to test life history response of D. magna to the presence of a non-toxic
cyanobacteria that differ in the thickness of filaments. One of the two strains Aphanizomenon gracile posessed markedly thicker filaments in comparison to the
second one – Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii. The experiment revealed that thicker A.
gracile filaments are more harmful to D. magna than those of C. raciborskii. It was
proved for such life history parameters as body-length of females at maturity and
offspring number; these parameters were more reduced when A. gracile were
present. In turn, offspring size was not dependent on the species of cyanobacterium.
Besides life history, we also looked for morphological changes in filtering appendages
of daphnids exposed to filamentous blue-greens of different thicknesses. Daphnids
cultured in the presence of A. gracile posessed thinner setaes, as opposed to those
individuals that were fed C. raciborskii. Furthermore, females fed A. gracile had a
numerous deformations of the setaes, whereas no damages of the setaes were found
in cultures with C. raciborskii. Our findings may support the hypothesis that not only
length of cyanobacterial filaments but also their thickness might be an important
factor in the response of Daphnia to filamentous cyanobacteria.
This study was supported by the National Science Centre in Poland, in part by grant No. NN 304 014 539
and grant No. UMO-2012/07/N/NZ8/00166.
123
W
Daphnia performance along food quantity gradients of algae mixed with
bacteria or allochthonous organic particles
oral presentation
1*
2
1
Anja Wenzel , Tobias Vrede , Mats Jansson , Ann-Kristin Bergström
1
2
1
Umeå University, Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, P.O. Box
7050, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
* [email protected]
Unproductive lakes are often characterized by high inputs of allochthonous
dissolved and particulate organic carbon compared to autochthonous carbon,
resulting in low phytoplankton abundances and high heterotrophic bacterial
biomass. Thus, metazooplankton in these lakes feed on a mixture of phytoplankton,
bacteria and terrestrial particulate organic material (t-POM) where the proportions
of these components can be highly variable. As the nutritional value of the different
food components varies, the dilution of phytoplankton (high quality food) with high
proportions of bacteria and/or t-POM (low quality food) is expected to affect the
performance of unselective filter feeders such as Daphnia. We tested how different
combinations of constant concentrations of phytoplankton and increasing additions
of bacterioplankton or t-POM affect zooplankton performance. We found that
increasing the concentrations of both the bacterium Pseudomonas sp. and t-POM
relative to phytoplankton (Rhodomonas lacustris) negatively affected Daphnia
galeata survival, growth and reproduction when Rhodomonas was available at
non-limiting concentrations (0.37 and 0.55 mgC/L respectively). When Rhodomonas
quantity was low (0.22 mgC/L), the addition of Pseudomonas led to better Daphnia
performance except at very high concentrations of the bacterium relative to
Rhodomonas. In contrast, the addition of t-POM was detrimental for overall
Daphnia performance at low Rhodomonas quantity. These results imply that the
ability of zooplankton to use low quality food is affected by the availability of high
quality food. Further, food sources that do not fulfill dietary requirements of grazers
may still provide nutritional benefits as long as other complimentary food
components are available in sufficient quantities to compensate for mineral and/or
biochemical deficiencies.
124
W
Is commensal relationship common in small water bodies: Brachionus rubens and
Daphnia spp.?
student poster
1*
Małgorzata Wiśniewska , Natalia Kuczyńska-Kippen
1
1
Adam Mickiewicz University, Faculty of Biology, Department of Water Protection, Poznan, Poland
* [email protected]
Almost 400 small water bodies, among which 588 sites, were examined in total as if
to examine the occurrence of relationship between large daphnids and rotifer
Brachionus rubens, which is known to be an epizoic organism on certain aquatic
crustaceans. Brachionus rubens was present in 54 sites in total (9% of the studied
stations). Representatives of daphnids were found in 146 sites (25%). Both organisms
co-occurred in only 38 sites (7%). There was a significant relationship between rotifer
abundance and total density of all Daphnia species. Epizoic rotifer coexisted with 1-3
Daphnia species in one pond. Various cladoceran species were preferably chosen by
B. rubens. Daphnia magna was presentin 16 sites but co-occurred with B. rubens in
11 (almost 70% of cases). Daphnia pulex, most frequent daphnid, was found to
coexist with B. rubens in 27 sites (40%) out of 68 sites where this cladoceran was
present. Moreover, environmental factors were studied as to find the best predictors
of Daphnia spp. and B. rubens occurrence in small water bodies. They both preffered
alkalic and non-shaded ponds with high concentration of nutrients located in pastoral
landscape.
This research work has been financed by the Polish State Committee for Scientific Research in 2010-2014
as research project N N305 042739.
125
W
Seeking for Transgenerational Effects (Maternal Effects vs Epigenetics) of Diet
Quality in Clones –Ecophysiological and RNA-seq approaches.
oral presentation
1,2
1
2
3
3
2
Marcin Wojewodzic *, D. Becker , K. Tominaga , X. Zhou , J. Zhao , N. Shala , John
1
2
Colbourne , Dag O. Hessen
1
The University of Birmingham, School of Biosciences, Birmingham, United Kingdom,
University of Oslo, CEES, Norway,
3
BGI, Shenzhen, China
2
* [email protected]
Dietary deficiencies can potentially modulate epigenomes of organisms. However,
before addressing the mechanisms behind the epigenetic modifications we should
understand how dietary stressors act in a transgenerational context and how these
responses depend on ancestors’ dietary history. Here, we report a combined analysis
of transcriptomic and physiological responses to different diets in model, clonal
organism Daphnia.
We address how food quality in terms of phosphorous (P) and carbon (C) affects
clones. Over one year, we exposed D. pulex and D. magna to good [C:P ~ 100] and
bad [C:P ~ 800] food qualities. These lines were then switched to the reciprocal diets
and investigated for the next three generations. For each of the three generations we
seek for transcriptional signatures from the parent’s environmental condition. RNAseq experiments were performed to measure the maternal (epigenetic) contributions
to gene regulatory responses to switching food quality. We analysed whether
acclimation of the clonal isolates to different food qualities (history) yielded
transcriptional differences in three consecutive post-exposure generations followed
by measured of growth rate and RNA content.
Species used in this study show different transcriptomic profiles, however
rd
interactions between food quality and food history at 3 generation were significant
for both species, suggesting that epigenetic changes indeed took place. Moreover,
the transcriptomic patterns fits with the ecophysiological traits characteristic
measured in our experiments.We gathered now the evidences of unique signatures
that reflect animal’s dietary history, present across generations studied and both
species used. This can help to reveal potential candidates of epigenetically controlled
genes for which we will calculate a memory of epigenetic marks. The finding itself will
have an impact on how we percept the evolution of clonal organisms, shaped by food
quality.
This study has been funded by the Norwegian Research Council (NRC) FRIPRIO (GENOME, 196468), Marie
Skłodowska-Curie outgoing grant to MW and NRC TOPP to MW.
126
W
Response of an antioxidant system of Daphnia under spatial differences of toxic
Cyanobacteria concentration in the eutrophic reservoir
poster
1*
2
2
Adrianna Wojtal-Frankiewicz , Joanna Bernasińska , Krzysztof Gwoździński , Piotr
1
1
3
Frankiewicz , Tomasz Jurczak , Małgorzata Godlewska
1
University of Lodz, Department of Applied Ecology, Poland
University of Lodz, Department of Molecular Biophysics, Poland
3
European Regional Centre for Ecohydrology of the Polish Academy of Science, Lodz, Poland
2
* [email protected]
Many species/clones of Daphnia inhabiting ecosystems with permanent algal blooms,
can develop tolerance against cyanobacteria toxins. In the current study we
examined spatial differences in a response of Daphnia spp. (Daphnia longispina
group) to the toxic Microcystis aeruginosa in a lowland eutrophic dam reservoir, in
the period from June (before blooms) to September (during blooms). The reservoir
showed distinct spatial pattern in cyanobacteria abundance, resulting from a wind
direction: the station close to the dam was characterized by persistently high
cyanobacterial biomass, while the upstream stations had a significantly lower
biomass of Microcystis. Microcystins concentrations was closely correlated with
cyanobacteria biomass (r = 0.93). Density of daphnids did not differ between the
stations. The main objective of this study was to investigate how distribution of a
toxic Microcystis blooms affects the antioxidant system of Daphnia spp. We
examined catalase (CAT) activity, the level of low molecular weight antioxidant glutathione (GSH) and oxidative stress parameter such as lipid peroxidation (LPO).
We found that the higher biomass (and toxicity) of cyanobacteria, the lower values of
studied antioxidant parameters. CAT activity, as well as GSH concentration and LPO
level were always significantly lower on the station with the highest M. aeruginosa
biomass. Antioxidant system parameters reached high values on the stations with
low cyanobacteria biomass, situated in the upper part of the reservoir. These results
demonstrate that daphnids which have coexisted with high biomass of toxic
cyanobacteria, have effective antioxidant systems protecting them against the toxic
effect of microcystins. We also conclude that resistance ability of Daphnia to
Microcystis toxins may differ within an ecosystem depending on the bloom
distribution.
This study was supported by the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education (grants no.
3988/B/P01/2010/39 and no. 187465).
127
W
Comparison of gravisensing organs in different planktonic organisms – from
evolution to life support systems
student poster
1
1
Bernard Wolfschoon Ribeiro , Kathrin Schoppmann , Christian Laforsch
1
1
Animal Ecology I, Universität Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany,
* [email protected]; [email protected]
Recent discoveries in the morphology of Daphnia revealed a new organ system at the
postabdomen connected to the abdominal setae. Further analysis on this
postabdominal organ suggested a crucial role in gravity and turbulence sensing.
Considering the broad range of gravity-perception systems - from sensilla based
structures up to statocyst systems - there is still a considerable lack of knowledge for
zooplankton species in both marine and freshwater species regarding this aspect.
Hence, the purpose of the current project is to develop a highly representative
comparison of gravity-perception systems in selected zooplankton species, such as
Podon sp. and Evadne sp., with special emphasis on their evolutionary history. In
addition, sensitivity windows for graviperception in ontogeny as well as thresholds of
graviperception will be analysed in those organisms. Moreover, ground based studies
will be performed to investigate the effects of reduced gravity on life history of the
selected zooplankton species. The outcome will significantly increase knowledge on
the evolution of graviperception in aquatic ecosystems where gravity is often the
only reliable cue for orientation, and may therefore elucidate general gravity-related
mechanisms valid for other organisms as well. Furthermore, it will foster the
selection of zooplankton organisms for human related applications such as future life
support systems.
128
X
The legacy of long distance dispersal: population genetics of Daphnia galeata in
China
oral presentation
1
2
3
1
Lei Xu , Tsegazeabe Hadush Haileselasie , Joachim Mergeay , Henri Dumont , Bo-Ping
1*
2*
Han , Luc De Meester
1
Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, KU Leuven, University of Leuven,
Deberiotstraat 32, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
3
Research Institute for Nature and Forest, Gaverstraat 4, B-9500 Geraardsbergen, Belgium
2
* [email protected]
* [email protected]
Many aquatic organisms have dormant stages in thier life history that foster long
distance dispersal and potential gene flow. Daphnia galeata is widely distributed in
four main river catchments and the Tibetan Plateau across China, nuclear and
mitochondrial markers are used to investigate population and genetic structure over
vast geographic distances under. We observed evidence the contribution of long
distance dispersal as well as genetic isolation in the landscape genetic structure of
this species. Eight out of the sixty six observed COI haplotypes were shared among
populations in all four catchments.Across the whole data set in China, isolation by
distance is observed for both mitochondrial as well as nuclear markers, but it was
highly dependent on the presence of the Tibetan populations, which were highly
differentiated from the populations in the other catchments. There was a lack of
strong signal of catchment for the distribution of mtDNA haplotypes and genetic
structure as derived from microsatellite markers, even though the distances covered
were substantial (>3,000 km). Our data suggest that D. galeata can achieve long
distance dispersal and some populations with specific haplotypes can colonize
habitats from the temperate to the subtropical zones. There was no strong pattern of
genetic differentiation in relation to temperature or altitude when the Tibetan
populations are removed from the whole dataset. The populations in the Tibetan
plateau stand out and are strongly isolated from any of the others. They have the
highest genetic diversity, with up to 14 private haplotypes being found in a single
population.Yet, all these haplotypes seem to be derived from one single haplotype,
suggesting that these populations are both very old and isolated. Our findings of long
distance dispersal in the four catchments combined with high genetic differentiation
among populations (mean FST=0.18) are in line with a scenario where population
genetic structure is strongly impacted by colonization patterns (“Isolation-bycolonization”). The landscape genetic structure of D. galeata in China reflects both
the importance of long distance dispersal as well as of reduced levels of gene flow,
likely caused by priority effects or monpolization.
129
Z
Demographic responses of Moina macrocopa to cyanobacterial crude extracts
student poster
1*
2**
Cesar Alejandro Zamora Barrios , S. Nandini , S.S.S. Sarma
2
1
Posgrado en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad
Universitaria, Av. Universidad 3000, CP 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
2
Laboratorio de Zoología Acuática, División de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Nacional Autónoma
de México, Campus Iztacala, Av. de los Barrios # 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, CP 54090. Estado
de México, Mexico
* [email protected]
Cyanobacteria often dominate the phytoplankton community in tropical water
bodies and have an adverse effect on the zooplankton due to the production of
secondary metabolites. The urban Lake Chapultepec in the heart of Mexico City is
dominated by toxic Microcystis blooms throughout the year; however little is known
on the effect of these blooms on zooplankton. Given this, the aim of the study was to
evaluate the toxicological effects of extracts of Microcystis spp. on two clones of
Moina macrocopa. The active compound was extracted by five cycles of freezing
(-70°C), defreezing and sonicating the cyanobacteria collected from the lake. The
extract was then centrifuged and the supernatant used for the experiments. The
microcystin concentration was measured using ELISA. We conducted acute toxicity
tests at five concentrations of the extract (100%, 80%, 60%, 40%, 20% and controls
(no extract)) in 20 ml recipients with 10 neonates of M. macrocopa in each. Four
replicates were set up for each concentration and observations were taken at 24 and
48h. Chronic toxicity tests were conducted in quadruplicate, at two sublethal
concentrations, in addition to controls, in 50 ml recipients with 10 neonates of M.
macrocopa in each. Daily we transferred the individuals of the original cohort to
fresh medium and enumerated but discarded the dead individuals and neonates. We
found that the survivorship and population growth rates were significantly reduced
at sublethal concentrations of the cyanobacterial extracts. There were also significant
clone related differences in the response to the cyanotoxins. The importance of
conducting such studies has been discussed.
**
Corresponding author: [email protected]
130
Z
Subfossil Cladocera assemblages in two pond groups in Moscow Area, Central
Russia
student poster
Anton A. Zharov
A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Moscow, Russia
[email protected]
An analysis of subfossil Cladocera remains in lacustrine sediments is one of the
mainstream methods of paleolimnology. This approach in most cases deals with a
layer-by-layer examination of sediment cores with aim to reconstruct a long-term
dynamics of lake ecosystems. Such investigations are carried out usually for lakes, but
are applied rarely for small shallow ponds in spite of their high ecological significance.
On the other hand, the analysis of the uppermost sediment layer could provide some
ideas on the contemporary water body conditions for both large lakes and small
water bodies. Here I present results of the study of 24 shallow ponds, located in
Shatura and Ruza districts of Moscow region, European Russia. As a result, subfossil
cladoceran complexes typical for water bodies of such type were described.
Dominant, subdominant and rare cladoceran species were taken into consideration.
In the most ponds investigated the littoral cladoceran fauna predominance was
observed, with some differences of the species composition between Shatura and
Ruza pond groups. In addition to cladoceran analysis, the algae and non-cladoceran
invertebrate remains were counted, to estimate the differences among these ponds
outside of cladoceran communities. This part of the analysis revealed quite
substantial differences between the two pond groups, apparently related with
geochemical ones. The results obtained could be useful for a typology of the
cladoceran taphocenoses. Also the aim of this communication is to demonstrate the
potentiality of the total subfossil remains analysis (along with cladoceran
assemblages study) when trying to reveal past biocenotic changes in sediment cores,
or while comparing water bodies through their bottom sediments. This study is
supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grant 14-04-01569-a).
131
Z
Mitochondrial DNA diversity of the Daphnia longispina complex in South Siberia
poster
1*
1
1
1
Elena Zuykova , Evgeniy Simonov , Sergey Abramov , Nickolai Bochkarev , Natalia
2
Sheveleva
1
Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences,
Novosibirsk, Russia
2
Limnological Institute, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Russia
*
[email protected]
Phylogenetic relationships and mitochondrial DNA variation within Daphnia
longispina complex were studied using 12S and ND2 genes. Phylogenetic analysis was
performed for species of this complex inhabiting different water bodies situated in
Southern Siberia (the Ob and Yenisei rivers basins, the Baikal and Chany lakes),
Europe, Japan, the USA and Canada. It was shown that some haplotypes from the
geographically remote water bodies have formed the common clusters, and then
others could be strongly divergent even within same water body. Thus, some
mitochondrial lineages are widespread in freshwater water bodies of Palearctic,
whereas the distribution of others is very limited. Probably, the widespread
haplotypes undergo to more active transfer. A highly divergent mitochondrial lineage
from all other species of the D. longispina complex was revealed in a temporary pool
situated at the Lake Chany basin. However, no significant morphological differences
were detected. It is possible that such samples represent cryptic species. Besides, it
was shown that water fleas from the Sredne-Kedrovoye and Kuznechiha lakes (the
Lake Baikal basin), which earlier identified as D. longispina were grouped with the D.
dentifera specimens from the water bodies of Japan, the USA and Canada. The
genetic distances between these species were lower than between others. The Baikal
region could represents the border between the sister species of D. longispina and D.
dentifera. We also suppose that the numerous divergent lineages detected within
Daphnia longispina complex inhabiting the water bodies of Southern Siberia are in
need of more detailed morphological studies with the involvement of specimens
from the geographically remote areas.
This study was partly supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grant 14-04-00926–A for E.
Zuykova).
132
AUTHOR INDEX
Underlined names: authors present at the meeting;
underlined pages: contributions presented by the author.
A
Abramov ............................................... 132
Abramova ............................................... 78
Aitmanaitė .............................................. 18
Arbaciauskas ........................................... 18
Arnold ..................................................... 80
Arvola...................................................... 39
Athibai .................................................... 19
B
Banks ...................................................... 26
Barros ..................................................... 82
Baumgartner ......................................... 106
Bębas ...................................................... 22
Becker ................................................... 126
Bednarska ............................................... 20
Beert ..................................................... 117
Bekker ..................................................... 21
Ben-Ami .................................................. 45
Beran ...................................................... 55
Bergström ............................................. 124
Bernasińska ........................................... 127
Bernatowicz ............................................ 22
Bjelanovic ............................................... 32
Blinova .............................................. 23, 49
Bochkarev ............................................. 132
Boikova ................................................... 24
Bonecker ................................................. 51
Brans ....................................................... 37
Burns ................................................. 25, 26
Buseva .................................................... 98
C
Callens .................................................. 116
Candolin ................................................ 119
Cañizares-Villanueva ............................... 69
Cerbin ....................................... 27, 34, 123
Cerny ................................................ 28, 55
Cicovacki ................................................. 32
Ciric ......................................................... 32
Clausen-Schaumann ............................... 90
Clemente ................................................ 52
Colbourne ............................................. 126
Coopman ...................................... 115, 116
Cordellier .......................................... 29, 50
Corgosinho ............................................. 82
Coronel ................................................... 51
Crispim.................................................... 51
D
Dan ......................................................... 33
Dawidowicz .................................... 30, 100
De Meester ........17, 37, 43, 48, 57, 97, 129
Decaestecker ........................ 115, 116, 117
Declerck .................................... 55, 68, 110
Dementyev ............................................. 63
Donohue ................................................. 68
Dubovskaya ............................................ 31
Duggan ................................................... 26
Dulic ........................................................ 32
Dumont .............................. 33, 81, 83, 129
Dziuba ....................................... 27, 34, 123
E
Effertz ................................................... 121
Elias-Gutierrez ........................................ 33
Elmoor-Loureiro ....................... 35, 82, 105
Enache .................................................... 36
Engelen ................................................... 37
Eskinazi ................................................... 51
Espinosa-Rodríguez ................................ 38
133
AUTHOR INDEX
F
Fefilova..............................................31, 39
Figueroa-Sánchez ................................... 40
Fischer .................................................... 62
Fosalba ................................................... 52
Frankiewicz .......................................... 127
Fröhlich .................................................. 80
Frolova ........................................ 31, 41, 78
G
Gama Flores ........................................... 42
Gayosso-Morales ................................... 44
Gerhard .................................................. 52
Gianuca .................................................. 43
Gießler ................................................... 46
Godlewska............................................ 127
González-Pérez ...................................... 44
Goren ..................................................... 45
Goyenola ................................................ 52
Griebel ................................................... 46
Grubisic .................................................. 32
Grzesiuk ................................................. 20
Gu......................................................... 102
Gulati...................................................... 76
Guo ........................................................ 33
Gwoździński ......................................... 127
H
Haag ....................................................... 47
Haileselasie .....................................48, 129
Han .............................. 33, 81, 83, 102, 129
Hein ........................................................ 89
Heinlaan ................................................. 49
Henning .................................................. 50
Hernández-Zamora ................................ 69
Herrmann ............................................... 50
Hessen.................................................. 126
Hogg ....................................................... 26
134
Hollants ................................................. 116
Hotový .................................................... 85
Hu... ........................................................ 66
Huidobro-Salas........................................ 42
Huylmans ................................................ 29
Ch
Chaparro-Herrera ...................................44
Chen ........................................................ 33
I
Iglesias .............................................. 51, 52
J
Jansson.................................................. 124
Janusz ................................................... 104
Jensen ..................................................... 53
Jeppesen ................................................. 48
Jiménez ................................................... 54
Juračka .................................................... 55
Jurczak .................................................. 127
K
Kahru ................................................ 23, 49
Kanarbik .................................................. 23
Karpowicz ............................................... 56
Karreman ................................................ 57
Kasparson ............................................... 86
Katajisto ................................................ 119
Kaupinis .................................................. 18
Keller ..................................................... 113
Kochanova .............................................. 39
Kononova .......................................... 31, 39
Korovchinsky ........................................... 58
Kořínek .................................................... 55
Kotov................................................. 59, 60
Kotwica ................................................... 22
Kraus ..................................................... 111
AUTHOR INDEX
Kuczyńska-Kippen ........................... 61, 125
L
Laforsch .............................. 62, 80, 90, 128
Lazutka.................................................... 18
Liu... ........................................................ 33
Lohr......................................................... 47
Lopatina ............................................ 63, 64
Lopez....................................................... 29
Lynch....................................................... 16
Lyu .......................................................... 65
M
Ma........................................................... 66
Machacek.................................... 67, 97, 98
Maia-Barbosa.......................................... 51
Mäkinen ................................................ 119
Marinho Lopes ........................................ 68
Markovic ................................................. 32
Martin-Creuzburg ................................. 106
Martínez-Jerónimo ........................... 69, 70
Martínez-Téllez ....................................... 71
Mazzeo ................................................... 52
Meerhoff ................................................. 52
Mergeay .......................................... 48, 129
Mier-Jędrzejowicz ................................... 72
Mikulski................................................... 73
Miracle .................................................... 76
Moreno-Gutiérrez ................................... 75
Moskalik.................................................. 27
Möst...................................................... 106
Moza ....................................................... 36
Muylaert ....................................... 115, 116
N
Nagengast ............................................... 61
Nandini ...38, 40, 42, 44, 71, 75, 76, 84, 94,
96, 114, 118, 120, 130
Navas Faria ............................................. 46
Nedbalová .............................................. 95
Nedoma .................................................. 97
Neretina.................................................. 77
Nigamatzyanova ..................................... 78
Novichkova ............................................. 79
O
Oexle .................................................... 106
Oskina ..................................................... 63
Otte ........................................................ 80
P
Pacheco .................................................. 52
Pajk ......................................................... 81
Panarelli ............................................ 51, 82
Papa ........................................................ 83
Parpală.................................................... 36
Parsch ..................................................... 29
Pascual.................................................... 83
Peigneur ............................................... 117
Pérez-Martínez ....................................... 54
Pérez-Morales ........................................ 84
Petrusek................................ 55, 66, 68, 85
Petzoldt ................................................ 100
Pietrzak ................................................... 30
Pijanowska .............................................. 30
Polańska ................................................. 22
Polishchuk .............................................. 86
Popova .................................................... 87
Portinho .................................................. 51
Poxleitner ............................................... 46
Preiner .................................................... 89
Previattelli .............................................. 82
Ptáčníková ........................................ 88, 89
R
Rabus ...................................................... 90
Radzikowski ............................................ 91
Ramanibai ............................................... 92
135
AUTHOR INDEX
Ramon .................................................... 57
Rehakova ............................................... 97
Reisler .................................................... 45
Reyserhove .......................................... 115
Ribeiro .................................................... 62
Riessen ................................................... 93
Rietzler ................................................... 33
Rîșnoveanu............................................. 36
Rivera-De la Parra .................................. 94
Rizo ........................................................ 83
Rodríguez Dorantes ............................. 120
Rocha ..................................................... 82
S
Sacherová............................................... 95
Sandu ..................................................... 36
Santangelo ............................................. 51
Santos .................................................. 105
Santos-Silva ............................................ 51
Sarma ... ..38, 40, 42, 44, 71, 75, 76, 84, 94,
96, 114, 118, 120, 130
Seda ............................................ 67, 97, 98
Shala..................................................... 126
Sheveleva ............................................. 132
Schartau ................................................. 99
Schirrmeister .......................................... 41
Schoebel............................................... 113
Schoppmann ...................................62, 128
Schwenk .................................... 29, 50, 111
Sikora ........................................ 22, 91, 100
Simonov ............................................... 132
Sinev ..............................................101, 102
Sirianni ................................................. 103
Slusarczyk ............................................. 104
Söllradl ................................................... 90
Sousa .................................................... 105
Spaak ....................................... 36, 106, 113
Sprules ................................................. 107
Streit .................................................... 111
Suchora ................................................ 108
136
Sýkorová ................................................. 95
Szeroczyńska ......................................... 109
T
Tardent ................................................. 113
Teixeira de Mello ....................................52
Tellenbach ............................................ 113
Teurlincx ............................................... 110
Thielsch ................................................. 111
Tchougounov ........................................ 112
Tominaga .............................................. 126
Trotter..................................................... 62
Tulonen ................................................... 39
Turko ............................................... 36, 113
Tycner ..................................................... 73
Tytgat .................................................... 117
V
Valencia-Vargas .................................... 114
Valius ...................................................... 18
Van Den Wyngaert ........................ 115, 116
van Donk ............................................... 110
Vanderploeg ........................................... 88
Vanickova................................................ 98
Vanoverberghe ..................... 115, 116, 117
Vázquez-Sánchez ..................................118
Vehmaa ................................................. 119
Vicente .................................................... 76
Vierstraete .............................................. 33
Viveros-Legorreta .................................120
von Elert........................................ 100, 121
Vondrák .................................................. 55
Vrba ........................................................ 95
Vrede .................................................... 124
W
Walseng .................................... 53, 99, 122
Weider .................................................... 48
Wejnerowski ............................. 27, 34, 123
AUTHOR INDEX
Wenzel .................................................. 124
Wetterich ................................................ 41
Willems ................................................. 116
Wiśniewska ..................................... 61, 125
Wojewodzic .......................................... 126
Wojtal-Frankiewicz ............................... 127
Wolfschoon Ribeiro .............................. 128
Wolinska ................................... 46, 66, 113
X
Z
Zadereev ........................................... 63, 64
Zamora Barrios ..................................... 130
Zhao ...................................................... 126
Zharov................................................... 131
Zhou...................................................... 126
Zivic......................................................... 32
Znachor................................................... 97
Zotina...................................................... 63
Zuykova ................................................ 132
Xu... ................................................. 33, 129
Y
Yang .................................................. 65, 66
Yin ........................................................... 66
137
List of participants
Name
Affiliation
Country
Email
Alves, Sophia
Sao Paulo State
University
Brazil
[email protected]
Alvim, Elisa
University of
Brasília
Brazil
[email protected]
Arbačiauskas,
Kęstutis
Institute of Ecology
& Vilnius University
Lithuania
[email protected]
Athibai,
Sujeephon
Khon Kaen
University
Thailand
[email protected]
Bednarska, Anna
Biology Centre
ASCR, Institute of
Hydrobiology,
České Budějovice
Czech
Republic
[email protected]
Bekker, Eugeniya
A.N. Severtsov
Institute of Ecology
and Evolution, RAS,
Moscow
Russia
[email protected]
Bernatowicz,
Piotr
University of
Warsaw
Poland
[email protected]
Blinova, Irina
National Institute of
Chemical Physics
and Biophysics,
Talinn
Estonia
[email protected]
Boikova, Olga
A.N. Severtsov
Institute of Ecology
and Evolution, RAS,
Moscow
Russia
[email protected]
Burns, Carolyn
University of Otago
New
Zealand
[email protected]
Buseva, Zhanna
Belarus Academy of
Sciences, Minsk
Belarus
[email protected]
Candolin, Ulrika
University of
Helsinki
Finland
[email protected]
Cerbin, Slawek
Adam Mickiewicz
University, Poznań
Poland
[email protected]
Cordellier,
Mathilde
University of
Hamburg
Germany
[email protected]
138
List of participants
Černý, Martin
Charles University
in Prague
Czech
Republic
[email protected]
Dawidowicz, Piotr
University of
Warsaw
Poland
[email protected]
De Meester, Luc
University of
Leuven
Belgium
[email protected]
Dubovskaya, Olga
Institute of
Biophysics, Siberian
Branch RAS
Russia
[email protected]
Dulić, Zorka
University of
Belgrade
Serbia
[email protected]
Dumont, Henri
Jinan University,
Guangzhou &
Ghent University,
Belgium
China
[email protected]
Dziuba, Marcin
Adam Mickiewicz
University, Poznań
Poland
[email protected]
Elmoor-Loureiro,
Lourdes
Universidade
Católica de Brasília
Brazil
[email protected]
Enache, Ioana
Institute of Biology,
Romanian Academy
& University of
Bucharest
Romania
[email protected]
Engelen, Jessie
University of
Leuven
Belgium
[email protected]
EspinosaRodríguez,
Cristian Alberto
Universidad
Nacional Autonoma
de Mexico
Mexico
[email protected]
Fefilova, Elena
Institute of Biology,
Komi Science
Centre, Ural Branch
RAS
Russia
[email protected]
FigueroaSánchez, Michael
Anai
Universidad
Nacional Autonoma
de Mexico
Mexico
[email protected]
Frankiewicz, Piotr
University of Lodz
Poland
[email protected]
Frolova, Larisa
Kazan Federal
University
Russia
[email protected]
139
List of participants
Gama Flores, Jose
Luis
Universidad
Nacional Autonoma
de Mexico
Mexico
[email protected]
Gayosso Morales,
Manuel Aaron
Universidad
Nacional Autonoma
de Mexico
Mexico
[email protected]
Gianuca, Andros
University of
Leuven
Belgium
[email protected]
González Pérez,
Brenda Karen
Universidad
Nacional Autonoma
de Mexico
Mexico
[email protected]
Goren, Liron
Tel Aviv University
Israel
[email protected]
Greaves, Philip
BiotiQ Consulting
UK
[email protected]
Griebel, Johanna
Leibniz-Institute of
Freshwater Ecology
and Inland
Fisheries, Berlin
Germany
[email protected]
Haag, Christoph
University of
Montpellier
France
[email protected]
Haileselasie,
Tsegazeabe
Hadush
University of
Leuven
Belgium
[email protected]
Han, Bo-Ping
Jinan University,
Guangzhou
China
[email protected]
Heinlaan, Margit
National Institute of
Chemical Physics
and Biophysics,
Talinn
Estonia
[email protected]
Herrmann, Maike
Goethe University
Frankfurt
Germany
[email protected]
Iglesias, Carlos
Universidad de la
Republica,
Montevideo
Uruguay
[email protected]
Jensen, Thomas
Norwegian Institute
for Nature
Research, Oslo
Norway
[email protected]
Jiménez, Laura
Universidad de
Granada
Spain
[email protected]
140
List of participants
Juračka, Petr Jan
Charles University
in Prague
Czech
Republic
[email protected]
Karpowicz,
Maciej
University of
Bialystok
Poland
[email protected]
Karreman, Xavier
University of
Leuven
Belgium
[email protected]
Kasparson, Anna
Russian Academy of
Sciences
Russia
[email protected]
Korovchinsky,
Nikolai
A.N. Severtsov
Institute of Ecology
and Evolution, RAS,
Moscow
Russia
[email protected]
Kořínek, Vladimír
Charles University
in Prague
Czech
Republic
[email protected]
Kotov, Alexey
A.N. Severtsov
Institute of Ecology
and Evolution, RAS,
Moscow
Russia
[email protected]
Krylová, Pavla
Charles University
in Prague
Czech
Republic
[email protected]
KuczyńskaKippen, Natalia
Adam Mickiewicz
University, Poznań
Poland
[email protected]
Laforsch,
Christian
University of
Bayreuth
Germany
[email protected]
Lampert,
Winfried
Max Planck
Institute for
Evolutionary
Biology, Plön
Germany
[email protected]
Lopatina, Tatiana
Institute of
Biophysics, Siberian
Branch RAS
Russia
[email protected]
Lynch, Michael
Indiana University,
Bloomington
USA
[email protected]
Lyu, Kai
Nanjing Normal
University
China
[email protected]
Ma, Xiaolin
Fudan University,
Shanghai
China
[email protected]
141
List of participants
Macháček, Jiří
Biology Centre
ASCR, Institute of
Hydrobiology,
České Budějovice
Czech
Republic
[email protected]
Marinho Lopes,
Paloma
Trinity College
Dublin &
Netherlands
Institute of
Ecology,
Wageningen
Ireland
[email protected]
Martínez Téllez,
Aurora
Universidad
Nacional
Autonoma de
Mexico
Mexico
[email protected]
MartínezJerónimo,
Fernando
Instituto
Politécnico
Nacional, Mexico
City
Mexico
[email protected]
MierJędrzejowicz,
Julia
University of
Warsaw
Poland
[email protected]
Mikulski, Andrzej
University of
Warsaw
Poland
[email protected]
Mohammadyari,
Ali
University of
Mashhad
Iran
[email protected]
Moreno
Gutierrez, Rosa
Martha
Universidad
Nacional
Autonoma de
Mexico
Mexico
[email protected]
Nandini, Sarma
Universidad
Nacional
Autonoma de
Mexico
Mexico
[email protected]
Neretina, Anna
A.N. Severtsov
Institute of Ecology
and Evolution, RAS,
Moscow
Russia
[email protected]
Nigamatzyanova,
Gulnara
Kazan Federal
University
Russia
[email protected]
142
List of participants
Novichkova,
Anna
M.V. Lomonosov
Moscow State
University
Russia
[email protected]
Otte, Kathrin
University of
Bayreuth
Germany
[email protected]
Pajk, Franja
Jinan University,
Guangzhou
China
[email protected]
Panarelli, Eliana
Universidade do
Estado de Minas
Gerais, Belo
Horizonte
Brazil
[email protected]
Pascual, Jhaydee
Ann
Far Eastern
University, Manila
Philippines
[email protected]
Pérez-Morales,
Alfredo
Universidad
Nacional
Autonoma de
Mexico
Mexico
[email protected]
Petrusek, Adam
Charles University
in Prague
Czech
Republic
[email protected]
Pietrzak, Barbara
University of
Warsaw
Poland
[email protected]
Polishchuk,
Leonard
M.V. Lomonosov
Moscow State
University
Russia
[email protected]
Popova,
Ekaterina
A.N. Severtsov
Institute of Ecology
and Evolution, RAS,
Moscow
Russia
[email protected]
Ptacnikova,
Radka
WasserCluster Lunz
am See
Austria
[email protected]
Rabus, Max
University of
Bayreuth
Germany
[email protected]
Radzikowski,
Jacek
University of
Warsaw
Poland
[email protected]
Ramanibai,
Ravichandran
University of
Madras
India
[email protected]
Riessen, Howard
SUNY - Buffalo
State
USA
[email protected]
143
List of participants
Rivera-De la
Parra, Ligia
Universidad
Nacional
Autonoma de
Mexico
Mexico
[email protected]
Sacherová,
Veronika
Charles University
in Prague
Czech
Republic
[email protected]
Sarma, SSS
Universidad
Nacional
Autonoma de
Mexico
Mexico
[email protected]
Seďa, Jaromír
Biology Centre
ASCR, Institute of
Hydrobiology,
České Budějovice
Czech
Republic
[email protected]
Schartau, Ann
Kristin
Norwegian
Institute for Nature
Research, Oslo
Norway
[email protected]
Schwenk, Klaus
University of
Koblenz-Landau
Germany
[email protected]
Sikora, Anna
University of
Warsaw
Poland
[email protected]
Sinev, Artem
M.V. Lomonosov
Moscow State
University
Russia
[email protected]
Sirianni,
Katherine
Cornell University
USA
[email protected]
Slusarczyk, Mirek
University of
Warsaw
Poland
[email protected]
Sousa, Francisco
Diogo Rocha
Universidade
Federal de Santa
Maria
Brazil
[email protected]
Spaak, Piet
Swiss Federal
Institute of Aquatic
Science and
Technology
(Eawag)
Switzerland
[email protected]
Spanier, Katina
University of
Leuven
belgium
[email protected]
144
List of participants
Sprules, Gary
University of Toronto
Mississauga
Canada
[email protected]
Suchora,
Magdalena
University of Life
Sciences in Lublin
Poland
[email protected]
Szeroczynska,
Krystyna
Institute of Geological
Sciences PAS
Poland
[email protected]
Štifter, Pavel
private attendance,
Benátky nad Jizerou
Czech
Republic
[email protected]
Teurlincx, Sven
Netherlands Institute
of Ecology,
Wageningen
Netherlands
[email protected]
Thielsch, Anne
University of KoblenzLandau
Germany
[email protected]
Tchougounov,
Vladimir
Papanin Institute for
Biology of Inland
Waters RAS
Russia
[email protected]
Turko, Patrick
Swiss Federal
Institute of Aquatic
Science and
Technology (Eawag)
Switzerland
[email protected]
Valencia Vargas,
Meetztli
Alejandra
Universidad Nacional
Autonoma de Mexico
Mexico
[email protected]
Vanoverberghe,
Isabel
University of Leuven
Belgium
[email protected]
Vařecha, Daniel
Povodí Odry (Odra
Water Authority),
state enterprise
Czech
Republic
[email protected]
Vazquez, Aurora
Universidad Nacional
Autonoma de Mexico
Mexico
[email protected]
Vehmaa, Anu
Tvärminne Zoological
Station, University of
Helsinki
Finland
[email protected]
Viveros
Legorreta, Jose
Luis
Instituto Politécnico
Nacional, Mexico City
Mexico
[email protected]
von Elert, Eric
University of Cologne
Germany
[email protected]
145
List of participants
Walseng, Bjorn
Norwegian Institute
for Nature Research,
Oslo
Norway
[email protected]
Wejnerowski,
Lukasz
Adam Mickiewicz
University, Poznań
Poland
[email protected]
Wenzel, Anja
private attendance,
Plön
Germany
[email protected]
Wiśniewska,
Małgorzata
Adam Mickiewicz
University, Poznań
Poland
[email protected]
Wojewodzic,
Marcin
Univeristy of
Birmingham
UK
[email protected]
WojtalFrankiewicz,
Adrianna
University of Lodz
Poland
[email protected]
Wolfschoon
Ribeiro, Bernard
University of
Bayreuth
Germany
[email protected]
Xu, Lei
Jinan University,
Guangzhou
China
[email protected]
Zamora Barrios,
Cesar Alejandro
Universidad Nacional
Autonoma de Mexico
Mexico
[email protected]
Zharov, Anton
A.N. Severtsov
Institute of Ecology
and Evolution, RAS,
Moscow
Russia
[email protected]
Zuykova, Elena
Institute of
Systematics and
Ecology of Animals,
Siberian Branch RAS
Russia
[email protected]
146
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