The Tabletting Cycle

TA B L E T C O M P R E S S I O N T O O L I N G
PharmaGrade® Steel Properties
Durability, Productivity, Longevity.
This chart explains the principles of the tabletting cycle and key
considerations for tablet tooling.
The tabletting process is very demanding. Delicate punch tips have
to withstand many forces such as high cyclic loading, high speed
frictional forces and aggressive granules.
The Tabletting Cycle
Filling
Tablet Terminology
Shaped Tablets
Round Tablets
Oval Tablets
Capsule Tablets
Flat Bevelled
Edge
01
Bisect Line
Quadrisect Line
Embossing/
Engraving
Major Axis
Minor End Radius
Resistance to Fracture
HPG - S
The lower punch is allowed
to descend to it’s lowest
point and the bore of the die
is filled with granule.
Compression
02
The lower punch is then
raised to a predetermined
point so that excess powder
is expelled.
05
The upper punch
is lowered into the
bore of the die.
06
07
Pre-compression
gives the powder
an inital “pinch”
to remove
excess air.
The powder
is fully
compressed.
Ejection
10
The lower punch begins to
rise in the bore of the die,
lifting the tablet until its base
is level with the top of the die.
HPG - P
HPG - MP
HPG - SS
HPG - MD
11
The tablet is then removed
from the punch into the takeoff chute by passing under a
static take-off blade.
Minor Axis
HPG - TC
Major Side Radius
Land
Cup Depth
Major Axis Radius
Cup End Radius
Typical Tablet Shapes
03
The powder is then
levelled by passing under
a scraper blade.
Flat Faced
Bevel and Convex
Diamond
Flat Bevelled Edge
Ring
Shallow Convex
Normal Convex
Capsule
Rectangle
Oval
Side-Wall Bisect
Deep Convex
Ellipse
Side-Wall Quadrisect
Fish
Extra Deep Convex
Square
Ball or Pill
Triangle
Bear
Star
Head Flat
Die
Outside Head
Radius/Angle
Multi-Tip
Die Bore
Inside Head
Angle
Anti-Turn Key
(Optional on
rounds,
standard on
shapes
and multi
punches)
08
The correct
pressure
is reached.
09
N.B. For guidance
on compression
levels for each
tablet profile, refer
to the maximum
pressure chart.
12
The upper punch
is then raised out
of the way,
ready for tablet
ejection.
The lower punch then moves
to its lowest point ready for
filling and the entire process
is repeated.
Polygon
Feed Paddles
Ensures that the granule
is kept agitated for
correct filling of the
die bore.
Feed Frame
Fed by the hopper to
hold the granule as it is
fed into the die.
Upper Punch
The upper punch is
lowered in and lifted out
of the die.
Hopper
Contains the granulated
material which is to be
tabletted.
Take-off Chute
The chute down which
the tablet passes
for collection and
packaging.
Ejection Station
This is the station where
the tablet leaves the die
for take off.
Ejection Cam
This forms the lower
punch guide during the
ejection stage and is
adjustable to ensure
smooth ejection without
damaging tablets.
Die
The punch moves
within the die to form
the compression
chamber within which
the tablet is formed.
Heart
Compression Station
Where full
compression of the
tablet is achieved.
Lower Punch
The lower punch
remains within
the bore of the die
during the
entire cycle.
Chamfer
Taper
Depth
Height
Groove
For Bellows
Punch Tip Blended Land
Cam Tracks
These lift and lower
the upper and lower
punches as requried.
Rota Head
Tip Straight
Land
Barrel to Stem
Radius
Neck
Barrel to
Neck
Radius
Chamfer
Sticking
Wear
Corrosion
Punch Tip Pressure Guide
Punch Tip
140
130
SHALLOW CUP
120
110
NORMAL CUP
100
F.B.E CUP
70
Undercut
For Drip cup
Stem
Pitting
80
Groove
For Seal
Die Segment
Overcome Common Tooling Problems with PharmaCote® Treatments and Coatings.
90
Taper
Barrel to
Stem
Chamfer
Barrel
Take-off Blade
Fitted in front of the feed
frame this deflects the
tablet down the
take-off chute.
Universal Seal Groove
Outside Diameter
Lower Punch
This ensures that the bore
of the die is filled with the
exact volume of product to
be used and the next stage
can begin.
Double Radius
Punch & Die Terminology
Upper Punch
04
PharmaCote® tool coatings
Load (kN)
Minor Axis Radius
Wear Resistance
Wall
Blended
Neck to
Head
Radius
Head
Head O/D
Draw-down Cam
This guides the lower
punch during the first
part of the fill stage,
adjustable to ensure that
the die bore is overfilled
intially to allow accurate
adjustment at weight
control.
Weight control Cam
This guides the lower punch during the latter part of
the fill stage, adjustable to ensure that as the punch
rises, the correct quantity of granule remains within the
die and therefore the tablet dosage is correct.
Fill Station
The point where the die
has been correctly filled.
Pre-Compression
Rollers
This roller gives the
granule an initial pinch
to remove as much
air as possible before
full compression takes
place.
Main Compression
Rollers
Applies full predetermined pressure to
the punches for the final
formation of the
tablet - see punch tip
pressure guide.
Direction of Rotation
This diagram shows
the tabletting process
from left to right.
On an actual machine
this will be determined
by the direction in
which the entire turret
rotates in reaction to
the fixed items, such
as the fill hopper etc.
This direction may
vary from machine
to machine but as a
general rule British and
American machines
rotate in a clockwise
direction, whilst
European machines
rotate anti clockwise.
60
DOUBLE RADIUS CUP
50
40
DEEP CUP
30
BALL/PILL CUP
20
10
0
3
5
7
9
11
13
15
Diameter (mm)
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION PLEASE CONTACT:
COMMITTED TO OUR CUSTOMERS
SHARING OUR KNOWLEDGE.
© I Holland Ltd 2014
I Holland Tooling A1 Poster March 14.indd 1
I Holland Limited
Meadow Lane, Long Eaton, Nottingham NG10 2GD England.
T: +44 (0)115 972 6153 F: +44 (0)115 973 1789
E: [email protected]
www.iholland.co.uk
24/07/2014 16:25

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