TA B L E T C O M P R E S S I O N T O O L I N G PharmaGrade® Steel Properties Durability, Productivity, Longevity. This chart explains the principles of the tabletting cycle and key considerations for tablet tooling. The tabletting process is very demanding. Delicate punch tips have to withstand many forces such as high cyclic loading, high speed frictional forces and aggressive granules. The Tabletting Cycle Filling Tablet Terminology Shaped Tablets Round Tablets Oval Tablets Capsule Tablets Flat Bevelled Edge 01 Bisect Line Quadrisect Line Embossing/ Engraving Major Axis Minor End Radius Resistance to Fracture HPG - S The lower punch is allowed to descend to it’s lowest point and the bore of the die is filled with granule. Compression 02 The lower punch is then raised to a predetermined point so that excess powder is expelled. 05 The upper punch is lowered into the bore of the die. 06 07 Pre-compression gives the powder an inital “pinch” to remove excess air. The powder is fully compressed. Ejection 10 The lower punch begins to rise in the bore of the die, lifting the tablet until its base is level with the top of the die. HPG - P HPG - MP HPG - SS HPG - MD 11 The tablet is then removed from the punch into the takeoff chute by passing under a static take-off blade. Minor Axis HPG - TC Major Side Radius Land Cup Depth Major Axis Radius Cup End Radius Typical Tablet Shapes 03 The powder is then levelled by passing under a scraper blade. Flat Faced Bevel and Convex Diamond Flat Bevelled Edge Ring Shallow Convex Normal Convex Capsule Rectangle Oval Side-Wall Bisect Deep Convex Ellipse Side-Wall Quadrisect Fish Extra Deep Convex Square Ball or Pill Triangle Bear Star Head Flat Die Outside Head Radius/Angle Multi-Tip Die Bore Inside Head Angle Anti-Turn Key (Optional on rounds, standard on shapes and multi punches) 08 The correct pressure is reached. 09 N.B. For guidance on compression levels for each tablet profile, refer to the maximum pressure chart. 12 The upper punch is then raised out of the way, ready for tablet ejection. The lower punch then moves to its lowest point ready for filling and the entire process is repeated. Polygon Feed Paddles Ensures that the granule is kept agitated for correct filling of the die bore. Feed Frame Fed by the hopper to hold the granule as it is fed into the die. Upper Punch The upper punch is lowered in and lifted out of the die. Hopper Contains the granulated material which is to be tabletted. Take-off Chute The chute down which the tablet passes for collection and packaging. Ejection Station This is the station where the tablet leaves the die for take off. Ejection Cam This forms the lower punch guide during the ejection stage and is adjustable to ensure smooth ejection without damaging tablets. Die The punch moves within the die to form the compression chamber within which the tablet is formed. Heart Compression Station Where full compression of the tablet is achieved. Lower Punch The lower punch remains within the bore of the die during the entire cycle. Chamfer Taper Depth Height Groove For Bellows Punch Tip Blended Land Cam Tracks These lift and lower the upper and lower punches as requried. Rota Head Tip Straight Land Barrel to Stem Radius Neck Barrel to Neck Radius Chamfer Sticking Wear Corrosion Punch Tip Pressure Guide Punch Tip 140 130 SHALLOW CUP 120 110 NORMAL CUP 100 F.B.E CUP 70 Undercut For Drip cup Stem Pitting 80 Groove For Seal Die Segment Overcome Common Tooling Problems with PharmaCote® Treatments and Coatings. 90 Taper Barrel to Stem Chamfer Barrel Take-off Blade Fitted in front of the feed frame this deflects the tablet down the take-off chute. Universal Seal Groove Outside Diameter Lower Punch This ensures that the bore of the die is filled with the exact volume of product to be used and the next stage can begin. Double Radius Punch & Die Terminology Upper Punch 04 PharmaCote® tool coatings Load (kN) Minor Axis Radius Wear Resistance Wall Blended Neck to Head Radius Head Head O/D Draw-down Cam This guides the lower punch during the first part of the fill stage, adjustable to ensure that the die bore is overfilled intially to allow accurate adjustment at weight control. Weight control Cam This guides the lower punch during the latter part of the fill stage, adjustable to ensure that as the punch rises, the correct quantity of granule remains within the die and therefore the tablet dosage is correct. Fill Station The point where the die has been correctly filled. Pre-Compression Rollers This roller gives the granule an initial pinch to remove as much air as possible before full compression takes place. Main Compression Rollers Applies full predetermined pressure to the punches for the final formation of the tablet - see punch tip pressure guide. Direction of Rotation This diagram shows the tabletting process from left to right. On an actual machine this will be determined by the direction in which the entire turret rotates in reaction to the fixed items, such as the fill hopper etc. This direction may vary from machine to machine but as a general rule British and American machines rotate in a clockwise direction, whilst European machines rotate anti clockwise. 60 DOUBLE RADIUS CUP 50 40 DEEP CUP 30 BALL/PILL CUP 20 10 0 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 Diameter (mm) FOR FURTHER INFORMATION PLEASE CONTACT: COMMITTED TO OUR CUSTOMERS SHARING OUR KNOWLEDGE. © I Holland Ltd 2014 I Holland Tooling A1 Poster March 14.indd 1 I Holland Limited Meadow Lane, Long Eaton, Nottingham NG10 2GD England. T: +44 (0)115 972 6153 F: +44 (0)115 973 1789 E: [email protected] www.iholland.co.uk 24/07/2014 16:25
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