Forensic Kinesiology An Introduction Forensic Kinesiology COURSE OUTLINE Introduction Broader Perspective History History of Forensic Kinesiology Definition Interdisciplinary approach to accidents and crime Forensic Kinesiology INTRODUCTION Erin Y. Oliver, R.Kin, CRSP President & CEO of Barantas Inc Former Exec of the Ontario Kinesiology Association 14 Yr member of the Canadian Registered Safety Professionals 20 yr member of the OKA Degree in Kinesiology, minor in Forensics Working on post grad in Behavioural Forensics Provided expert reports and testimony in Court Have acted as the investigator of record for fatal accidents Forensic Kinesiology BROADER PERSPECTIVE PYROTECHNOLOGY ENTOMOLOGY SOCIAL TOXICOLOGY WORK ANTHROPOLOGY ENGINEERING NURSING WHY NOT KINESIOLOGY ODONTOLOGY ARTIST ACCOUNTING MEDICINE PATHOLOGY COMPUTING/IT PHARMACOLOGY BIOMECHANICS PSYCHOLOGY DOCUMENT VETERINARY ARCHEOLOGY GEOPHYSICS PHOTOGRAPHY EPIDEMIOLOGY CRIMINAL Forensic Kinesiology HISTORY OF FORENSICS Pre-700 BC – Fingerprints are used on clay tablets for business transaction in ancient Babylon. 287-212 BC – Archimedes talks about being able to prove the crown was not made of gold using density and buoyancy. 250 BC – Erasistratus, an ancient Greek physician, discovers that his patients’ pulse rates increase when they are telling lies. Allegedly the first lie detection test. 1235 – Story of Sung Tzu and the bloody sickle. A murder was committed using a sickle. All those in the village who owned a sickle were made to bring them out and lay them in the sun. Eventually flies gathered on one particular sickle, identifying it as the murder weapon. 1248 – The Chinese book His Duan Yu (The Washing Away of Wrongs) describes how to distinguish drowning from strangulation. The first recorded application of medicine to help solve crimes. Forensic Kinesiology HISTORY OF FORENSICS 1302 – Bartolomeo da Varignana performs a medico-legal autopsy in the case of suspected murder of a nobleman. ! 1447 – The missing teeth of the French Duke of Burgundy are used to identify remains. 1590 – The first microscope is developed. 1609 – Francois Damelle publishes the first treatise on systematic document examination. 1658 – English physician, biologist, philosopher and historian Sir Thomas Browne discovers adipocere. What he describes as a fatty, waxy, soap-like substance formed on human corpses buried in moist, air-free places. Forensic Kinesiology HISTORY OF FORENSICS 1686 – Professor of anatomy Marcello Malpighi notes in his treaties the ridges, spirals and loops in fingerprints. 1786 – John Toms of Lancaster, England is convicted of murder on the basis of a torn wad of paper found in a pistol matching a remaining piece in his pocket. One of the first documented uses of physical matching. 1830s – Adolphe Quetelet of Belgium proves the foundation of Bertillon’s work by stating his belief that no two human bodies are exactly alike. 1831 – Leuchs first notes amylase activity in human saliva. 1854 – English physician Massox develops dry plate photography. This was used in photographing inmates for prison records. 1855 – Ambroise August Tardieu first draws attention to petechial haemorrhages occurring in asphyxial deaths. Forensic Kinesiology HISTORY OF FORENSICS 1883 – Alphonse Bertillon identifies the first repeat offender based on his invention of anthropometry. 1901 – Sir Edward Richard Henry is appointed head of Scotland Yard and forces fingerprint identification to replace anthropometry. – Professor R. A. Reiss sets up one of the first academic curricula in forensic sciences. 1905 – US president Theodore Roosevelt establishes the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) 1932 – The FBI crime laboratory is created. 1975 – The Federal rules of Evidence are enacted as a congressional statute, based on the relevancy standard in which scientific evidence that is deemed more prejudicial than probative may not be admitted 1977 – The FBI introduces the beginnings of its Automated Fingerprint Identification System (AFIS) with first computerized scans of fingerprints. Forensic Kinesiology HISTORY OF FORENSICS 1985 – UK police first use forensic DNA profiling. 1986 – DNA is used for the first time to solve a crime. Jeffreys uses DNA profiling to identify Colin Pitchfork as the murderer of two young girls in the English Midlands. 1987 – DNA profiling is introduced for the first time in a US criminal court. 2007 - shoe print database was developed and used in court ! Courtesy of: Forensic Science Central www.forensicsciencecentral.co.uk Forensic Kinesiology HISTORY OF FORENSIC KINESIOLOGY First Coined by Dr. Larry Holt of Dalhousie University Dr. James Kent from California has opened a practice specific to Forensic Kinesiology Only 3 known journal articles the topic First declared in court in Canada in Calgary and again in recently discussed and cited in Toronto* Only part of the multi-factor investigation including kinetics and kinematics of movement DEFINITELY in its infancy but Kinesiologists are in the courts regularly for their expertise. Regulatory considerations within and around the profession Competent vs Competencies Forensic Kinesiology SCOPE OF PRACTICE The official scope of prac/ce for kinesiologists as outlined in the kinesiology act is as follows: “The prac)ce of kinesiology is the assessment of human movement and performance and its rehabilita)on and management to maintain, rehabilitate or enhance movement and performance. 2007, c. 10, Sched. O, s. 3.” The OKA version of the Scope of Prac/ce is as follows and is essen/ally an enhanced version of the official scope: “The prac)ce of Kinesiology is the assessment of movement, performance and func)on and the rehabilita)on, preven)on and management of disorders to maintain, rehabilitate or enhance movement, performance and func)on, in the areas of sport, recrea)on, work, exercise, and ac)vi)es of daily living.” Courtesy of the Ontario Kinesiology Associa)on Website www.oka.on.ca Forensic Kinesiology A DEFINITION Although there are a few definitions this is the BARANTAS definition Definition: “The deconstruction into fundamental components of the human movement factors that contributed to a accident condition by utilizing assessment, measurement, analysis, and synthesis of those conditions, alone or in combination, through the sciences within the discipline of Kinesiology including anatomy, physiology, motor control, biomechanics, psychology, motivation and pathology to determine contribution and causation.” Forensic Kinesiology - looks at the contribution of Human Movement to the situation. Forensic Kinesiology CORE CONCEPTS & SKILLS Concepts: Arts - Film, photo, drawing Life sciences - biology, anatomy Hard Sciences - physics, math, chemistry Social - psychology, sociology, justice Skills: Testing Measuring Evaluating Describing of human movement Forensic Kinesiology FORENSIC MODEL ARCHITECTURE WEATHER ENVIRONMENT CIVIL DESIGN PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY LIGHT/TEMPERATURE/NOISE WEAR & TEAR BUILDING CODE PUBLIC HEALTH & SAFETY HIGHWAY TRAFFIC ACT WORKPLACE H&S FIRE CODE DRIVING H&S ETHICS LANDLORD TENANT HOME H&S SCIENTIFIC METHOD ANATOMY SCOPE OF PRACTICE BIOMECHANICS CRIMINAL CODE FACTS MOTOR CONTROL/LEARNING REASONS DATA PATHOLOGY TORT MOTIVATION/COACHING KINESIOLOGY ACT PROVINCIAL COURT FITNESS CRIMINAL CODE FEDERAL COURT INJURY REHABILITATION POWERS & PROCEDURES ACT OFFENCES COURT ERGONOMICS WSIA ! INSURANCE ACT JUSTICE PROFESSION RHPA SYSTEM Forensic Kinesiology THE ROLE OF A FORENSIC KINESIOLOGIST Forensic Kinesiology THE ROLE OF A FORENSIC KINESIOLOGIST Forensic Kinesiology THE ROLE OF A FORENSIC KINESIOLOGIST Forensic Kinesiology THE ROLE OF A FORENSIC KINESIOLOGIST Forensic Kinesiology THE ROLE OF A FORENSIC KINESIOLOGIST Forensic Kinesiology SOURCES Ontario Kinesiology Association, www.oka.on.ca Ontario College of Kinesiologists, www.cko.ca Laurence E. Holt , Thomas W. Pelham & Jason Holt (2011) A Proposed Interdisciplinary Curriculum in Forensic Kinesiology, Quest, 63:2, 197-208 Thomas W. Pelham, Laurence E. Holt, & Jason Holt (2011) Forensic Kinesiology: Foundations of An Inter-discipline for Accident/Crime Investigation, American Journal of Forensic Medical Pathology, Vol 31, No 2., 200-203 Appleby, Timothy (2013) Forensic Kinesiology Still Seeking Better Recognition in the Courts; Globe and Mail. Forensic Kinesiology and its Role in the Courtroom; Advocate Daily (2014) History of Forensic Science, Forensic Science Central, 2014, www.forensicsciencecentral.co.uk/ history.shtml Forensic Kinesiology THANK YOU QUESTIONS AND FEEDBACK ! ERIN OLIVER ! 1-855-FUL-SAFE [email protected]
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