Zero Net Energy Buildings

Zero Net Energy Buildings:
Practices, Policies and Performance
Thomas Piette
State of California, Dept. of General Services,
Energy & Environmental Section
Cathy Higgins
Research Director,
New Buildings Institute
Dian Grueneich
Founder and Principal,
Dian Grueneich Consulting, LLC
Porus Sam Antia
Associate - Building Simulation - Manager,
Stantec Consulting Inc.
Zero Net Energy Buildings:
Practices, Policies and Performance
California Green
Technology Summit
April 9, 2014
Thomas Piette LEED ®AP
Supervising Architect, State of California
Zero Net Energy
Conventional
Design
California has the most ZNE buildings in the US
ZNE Fast Facts
• Emerging world-wide movement
• Adaptable to most climate zones
• Incremental costs are reasonable,
compared to high-quality conventional
buildings
• Possible using off the shelf technologies
& best practices
• Technological advances will enhance ZNE
Zero Net or Net Zero?
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ZNE – Zero Net Energy (West Coast)
ZNEB – Zero Net Energy Buildings
NZE – Net Zero Energy (East of the Rockies)
ZEB – Zero Energy Buildings
Components of ZNE
USE GRID
AS A
BATTERY
NET
METERING
OF IMPORT
& EXPORT
RENEWABLE POWER
ON SITE
HIGHLY EFFICIENT BUILDING DESIGN & OPERATION
Loading order to achieve ZNE
Renewable
Energy
Photovoltaic
Wind
Bio-gas
Bio-mass
On-site or
Remote?
Weather
Occupant
Behavior
Plug Loads
Task Lights
Windows
Unnecessary
uses?
Building
Operations
Appliances
Occupancy
Set points
Outside air
Schedules
Off-hours ops
Computers
Monitors
Flat screens
Refrigerators
Copiers
Coffee pots
Systems
Design
HVAC
Lighting
Hot water
Elevators
Process Loads
Building
Design
Siting
Envelope
Daylighting
Glazing
Ventilation
The many definitions of ZNE
• Site ZNE
– A building that produces at least as much
renewable energy as it consumes over the
course of one year, when accounted for at
the site.
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•
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Source Energy ZNE
GHG Emissions ZNE
Value of Energy ZNE – Time of use
Some definitions include factors such
as water, off-site generation,
transportation, embodied energy, etc.
Draft of CEC/CPUC ZNE Definition
• “A Zero Net Energy (ZNE) Code Building is one where the
societal value of the amount of energy provided annually by
on-site renewable energy sources is equal to the value of
the energy consumed by the building at the level of a single
“project” seeking development entitlements and building
code permits, measured using the California Energy
Commission’s Time Dependent Valuation (TDV) metric. A
ZNE Code Building meets Energy Use Intensity (EUIs) by
building type and climate zone that reflect best practices for
highly efficient buildings.
» Combines several objectives into one single
metric
» Complex to understand and use
Who is in charge of ZNE?
• No centralized single entity
• Unlike LEED that has established protocols
• Terminology and definitions still being
debated
• National Renewable Energy Laboratory
(NREL) at the Federal level
• California Energy Commission
• California Public Utilities Commission
• Building Standards Commission
• Living Building Challenge
CEC, CPUC & BSC Strategic Plan
50% of new & renovated
State Bldgs. by 2020
All new & renovated State Bldgs. by 2025
50% of existing State Facilities by 2025
California State-owned Buildings
• Executive Order B-18-12 and
• Green Building Action Plan ZNE
directive
 50% of new buildings & major
renovations by 2020
 100% new buildings and major
renovations by 2025
 50% of existing buildings by 2025
State of California ZNE Pilot Program
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Department of General Services
Caltrans
Department of Motor Vehicles
Employment Development Department
Department of Public Health
California Conservation Corps
Federal & European Directives
• Federal Executive Order 13514
15% of new buildings by 2015
100% of new buildings by 2030
• European Parliament 2010 Directive
 Nearly-Zero Net Energy levels
 All public buildings ZNE by 2018
 All commercial buildings by 2020
 UK has a similar program
Obstacles to ZNE in California
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Lack of awareness
Misperception that it costs too much
Net metering limited to 1 MW
Difficult to make-up for natural gas use
Goes beyond regulations & codes
Occupant behavior is unpredictable
Weather is unpredictable
No measurement & verification protocols
Zero Net Energy Buildings:
Practices, Policies and Performance
Thomas Piette
[email protected]
(916) 375-4884

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