Performance Of Microstrip Patch Antenna Using PMC

Research Paper
Volume 2
Issue 3
November 2014
International Journal of Informative & Futuristic Research
ISSN (Online): 2347-1697
Performance Of Microstrip Patch
Antenna Using PMC
Paper ID
Key Words
IJIFR/ V2/ E3/ 034
Page No.
666- 670
Subject Area
Electronics &
Telecommunication
Perfect ground Plane (PGP), Perfect Magnetic Ground Conductor (PMC)
M. A. Mohite 1
Dr. R. S. Patil 2
P.G. Student
Department of Electronics & Telecommunication
D. Y. Patil College of Engineering &Technology
Kolhapur, India
Professor
Department of Electronics & Telecommunication
D. Y. Patil College of Engineering &Technology
Kolhapur, India
Abstract
To develop new materials with desirable electro-magnetic properties those
are not currently available to microwave engineers. One unifying theme of
the materials should be moderately low loss magnetic materials for
microwave applications. Specific properties we have investigated are
impedance matched materials, tuned enhanced permeability, reactive
impedance surfaces, and negative permeability electromagnetic band-gap
materials.
1
Introduction
Recent applications in wireless and military communication systems have introduced a great interest
in developing low profile antennas that can be integrated with compact systems like cellular phones,
personal computer systems and wearable antennas [1]. However, low profile antennas above a perfect
electrical conducting surface have a very small gain and bandwidth due to the destructive interference
between the antenna and its image. This was the motivation to introduce the idea of using artificial
magnetic conductor (AMC) surfaces as supporting structures for such low profile antennas [2].In this
case, the interference between the antenna and its image would be constructive [2] and consequently
the antenna gain and band width is increased. AMC surfaces can also be combined with perfect
electric conductor (PEC) surfaces to develop TEM waveguide structure [3]. This TEM waveguide
structure can be used for spatial power combination in high power mill metric-wave amplifiers
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Copyright © IJIFR 2014
666
ISSN (Online): 2347-1697
International Journal of Informative & Futuristic Research (IJIFR)
Volume 2, Issue 3, November 2014
15th Edition, Page No: 666-670
[3].These applications and others were the motivation to introduce different structures of AMC
surfaces.
A simple configuration of such AMC surfaces can be an array of square patches arranged on a square
grid above a grounded dielectric slab with electromagnetic band gap (EBG) substrate is shown in Fig.
1.Its side view is shown in Fig.2 The square grid of this array shown in Fig.3 is usually much less than
the wave length of the operating frequency to avoid the presence of any grating lobes. Thus, the
amplitude of the specular reflection coefficient of such structure is always unity. The key point is to
design this surface to introduce reflected field in the same phase of the incident field [4][5].In this
case, the surface would correspond to a magnetic surface. A main difference between such AMC
surface and ideal perfect magnetic conductor surface PMC is that in addition to the specular
reflection, the former one includes higher order Floquet modes. Although all these higher order
Floquet modes are evanescent modes, they still have a significant effect on the nearby antenna
structure in the case of using such structure as a supporting surface for low profile antennas.
Thus, for AMC surface it was found that the optimum phase of the reflection coefficient that
introduce the highest gain and the minimum Reflection coefficient in the antenna structure is centered
around ╥/2[1]. In this case, the AMC surface was found to have a better performance than the
traditional PMC surface. This may be explained due to the interaction of such higher order Floquet
modes that are not present in the case of the PMC surface. Thus, depending on the application, it may
be required to design AMC with phase reflection coefficient around zero degree as in the case of TEM
waveguide or around ╥/2 as in the case of low profile antenna. From the analytical point of view, this
problem can be solved by using a full wave analysis technique such as method of moment, finite
difference time domain or finite element method [1], [4], [6]. However, for design purpose, it may be
required to develop a simple approximate technique that can be used to obtain the effects of the
different parameters included in the AMC structure.
2 Present Theory and Practices
Zhang et al. [4] introduced a simple approach for solving the AMC structure shown in Fig. 1. Their
approach is based on a simple equivalent circuit model for the periodic patch antennas. This circuit
consists of capacitive resistive loads connected by transmission line sections. These capacitive
resistive loads correspond to the capacitance effects between the patches and the resistance is due to
the radiation effects from the edges of these patches. However, the main disadvantage of their model
is that it can be used only for normal incidence.
Clavijo et al. [5] introduced another approach for simulating mushroom type AMC surface.
Their model is based on approximating the patches as a shunt capacitive load along multilayered
transmission line sections.
D. Qu, L. Shafai and A. Foroozesh [8] stated that parametric studies are conducted to
maximize their impedance bandwidths and gains. It is found that very wide bandwidths, of around
25%, can be obtained by variation of the original antenna and EBG parameter. Their gains are
similarly increased.
2.1 Rectangular Patch Microstrip Antenna
Here rectangular patch microstrip antenna is used as a radiating element. A rectangular patch antenna
is designed on standard FR4 substrate, to work at 2.45GHz. The antenna is also fabricated and tested.
M.A.Mohite, Dr.R.S.Patil : Performance Of Microstrip Patch Antenna Using PMC
667
ISSN (Online): 2347-1697
International Journal of Informative & Futuristic Research (IJIFR)
Volume 2, Issue 3, November 2014
15th Edition, Page No: 666-670
It is fed by a microstrip line with a matching network. Width, length of the rectangular patch and the
length of the inset coaxial feed is calculate by the formula described in previous section. In each
individual cell represents a radiating element for antenna. Below figure 1 shows the simulated design
of AMC on HFSS.
Figure 1:Simulated design of PMC in HFSS.
2.2 Measured Dimensions
Table: 1 Patch Dimensions
Sr. No.
1
2
3
Antenna Type
Cell
Internal Patch
Antenna
Total Antenna
System
Width
6.25mm
Length
6.25mm
42mm
28mm
85
85mm
The patch dimensions obtained are obtained from previous section and the ground plane size of 85
mm X 85 mm, were used as input parameters to HFSS simulation software. The simulated resonant
frequency is slightly different from the design frequency of 2.45.GHz.
The patch is fed by a coaxial transmission line with inset-line feeding technique.
The dimensions were optimised by using HFSS in order to achieve the largest return loss (RL) i.e S11
at 2.45 GHz. HFSS simulated geometry is shown in Figure 3.
Figure 2: Simulated antenna with coaxialfeed
M.A.Mohite, Dr.R.S.Patil : Performance Of Microstrip Patch Antenna Using PMC
668
ISSN (Online): 2347-1697
International Journal of Informative & Futuristic Research (IJIFR)
Volume 2, Issue 3, November 2014
15th Edition, Page No: 666-670
XY Plot 3
87.50
HFSSDesign1
ANSOFT
75.00
Name
m1
X
Y
Curve Info
2.3434 1.2259
ActiveVSWR(coax_pin_T1)
Setup1 : Sw eep1
VSWR(coax pin T1)
62.50
50.00
37.50
25.00
12.50
m1
0.00
2.00
2.20
2.40
2.60
2.80
3.00
Freq [GHz]
Figure 3: Measured VSWR result of PMC
Table: 2 Simulated Result of PMC
PMC
Simulated
result
Central
frequency
Start
Stop
BW
2.43 GHz
2.41GHz
2.46GHz
50 MHz
3. Conclusion
The research presented within this paper has demonstrated some of the advanced applications that
electromagnetic band gap materials can be used to improve, such as meta ferrites, increasing
operating bandwidth of PMC surfaces, low frequency PMC designs, and integration of PMC surfaces
and planar antennas.
These concepts were realized by improving upon one or more of the difficulties experienced by
typical artificial magnetic conductors such as a narrow bandwidth, minimum thickness constraints,
and near-field interactions causing unwanted problems in the case of PMC antennas.
References
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M.A.Mohite, Dr.R.S.Patil : Performance Of Microstrip Patch Antenna Using PMC
669
ISSN (Online): 2347-1697
International Journal of Informative & Futuristic Research (IJIFR)
Volume 2, Issue 3, November 2014
15th Edition, Page No: 666-670
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