evaluación del efecto de microorganismos en tratamientos

NATIONAL STRATEGY FOR THE Ex Situ CONSERVATION OF Agave PLANTS IN
MEXICO
Hector G. Nuñez-Palenius1, Rafael Ramírez-Malagón1, Juan F. Gómez Leyva2, Eduardo SalazarSolís1 and Luis Pérez-Moreno1
1
Life Sciences Division, Campus Irapuato-Salamanca, University of Guanajuato Ex-Hacienda El
Copal. Km. 9 Carr. Irapuato-Silao, Z.C. 36824, Irapuato, Gto. MéxicoPhon. and Fax +52 (462) 624-1889 Ext. 1526. [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected];
[email protected]
2
Mollecular Biology Lab. Technologic Institute of Tlajomulco de Zúñiga, Jal. Km. 10 Road TlajomulcoSan Miguel Cuyutlán, Tlajomulco de Zúñiga, Jal. P.O. Box 12. Z.C. 45640. Ph. (33)3772-4426
[email protected]
Keywords: plant tissue culture; in vitro micropropagation; national collection.
Introduction. The Agavaceae Family is native to
America and it is distributed across the whole
continent (Gentry, 1982, Valenzuela, 1997). In the last
decades, some wild agaves have been over-collected
and exploited, causing to become extinction
endangered. For that reason, it is of vital importance
the ex situ conservation of Agave genus to avoid total
and definitive loss.
The objective of this study was to establish the
creation of two national collections: the in vitro culture
and the in field preservation in an Agavetum.
Methods. To maintain the Agave accessions in the in
vitro collection, the MS medium was used (Murashige
and Skoog, 1962) with different hormonal balances,
depending on each species. The containers were kept
under a light period of 18 light hours (25-30 µmol m-2
s-1), and a monthly sub-cultivation. In the Agavetum
field, several mechanical and manual weeding
activities, plowing, elimination of old leaves by manual
pruning, thinning propagates, etc., are carried out in
order to properly conserve all the Agave accessions of
different species and localities.
Results and discussion. Up to day, more than 500
Agave accessions, belonging to several species, are
maintained in the 10 ha Agavetum field (Figure 1). We
kept at least 10 plants from each accession, and all
plants are growing well and healthy, and there are
more than 6,000 Agave plants.
In the in vitro collection, 58 accessions, from 28
different Agave species are kept under controlled
conditions, and having at least 50 plants from each
accession (Figure 2).
Fig. 2. View of the in vitro Agave collection, where
more than 2,000 Agave plants are kept.
Conclusions. 1) The successful field-conservation of
529 Agave accessions from different states across
Mexico, and the in vitro conservation of 58 accessions
have been achieved. 2) Twelve years of efforts
conserving genetic resources have shown positive
results.
Acknowledgements.
We are infinitely grateful for the great support from
SAGARPA, through the SINAREFI and SNICS.
References.
1. Gentry H. S. (1982). Agaves of Continental North
America, The University of Arizona Press, Tucson, Az. pp.
668.
2. Valenzuela, Z.A. (1997). El agave tequilero: su cultivo e
industria. 2da Edición, Monsanto. Litteris editores, México.
Fig. 1. View of the Agavetum, where more than 6,000 Agave
plants are kept.
3. Murashige, T. and Skoog, F. (1962). A revised medium for
rapid growth and bio-assays with tobacco tissue cultures.
Physiol Plant 15(3): 473-497.

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