KAPAP AIVs VALUE CHAIN PROJECT MAY, 2014 REPORT OF INCEPTION/PLANNING WORKSHOP Enhancing Production, Value Addition and Marketing of Indigenous Vegetables (Cowpea, Spider plant, Nightshades, Amaranth and Pumpkin), French Beans and Mushrooms among Smallholder Farmers in Kenya: Deepening and Upscaling in Butere and Mumias Sub-counties MAY 15, 2014 – MAY 16, 2014 ST. MARY’S HOSPITAL GUEST HOUSE, MUMIAS KAPAP AIVs Value Chain: Deepening and Upscaling Project Inception Workshop 15 – 16th May, 2014 Compiled by: 1. Prof. John H. Nderitu, Mount Kenya University (MKU) Lead Scientist Collaborators: 2. Prof. Dorcas K. Isutsa, Chuka University (CU) 3. Prof. Margaret J. Hutchinson, University of Nairobi (UoN) 4. Dr. Darius Andika, Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and Technology (JOOUST) Focal Site Coordinator 5. Dr. Esther Kioko and Dr. Patrick N. Muthoka, National Museums of Kenya (NMK) 6. Prof. Richard M. S. Mulwa and Dr. Joseph W. Matofari, Egerton University (EU) 7. Dr. Fredrick Musieba, Kenya Industrial Research & Development Institute (KIRDI) 8. Mr. Joseph Wanyeki, East Africa Nutraceuticals (EAN) KAPAP AIVs Value Chain: Deepening and Upscaling Project Inception Workshop 15 – 16th May, 2014 THE KAPAP VEGETABLE PROJECT COLLABORATORS AND PARTNERS LEAD ORGANIZATION Mount Kenya University, Thika CONTACT INFORMATION COLLABORATORS A N D PARTNERS ORGANIZATIONS 1 Prof. Dorcas K. Isutsa 2 Prof. Margaret Hutchinson 3 Dr. Darius O. Andika 4 Prof. John H. Nderitu (Lead scientist) Tel: 0721-252 293 E-mail: [email protected] J. University of Nairobi, College of Tel: 0722-2710591 Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, Email: [email protected] Nairobi Chuka University Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and Technology Mount Kenya University, Thika 5 Dr. Esther Kioko and Tel: 0721-533596 E-mail: [email protected] Tel: 0722-308581 E-mail: [email protected] National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi Tel. 0722-617508 Email: [email protected] Dr. Patrick N. Muthoka Tel. 0729-382882 [email protected] 6 Prof. Richard M. S. Egerton University, Egerton Tel: 722-557037 Mulwa & Dr. Joseph E-mail: [email protected] W. Matofari 7 Dr. Fredrick Musieba Tel: 0733-311-087 Kenya Industrial Research & E-mail: [email protected] Development Institute, Nairobi 8 Mr. Joseph Wanyeki East Africa Nutraceuticals (EAN), Tel. 0722-856513 Nairobi E-mail: [email protected] mmm 2 KAPAP AIVs Value Chain: Deepening and Upscaling Project Inception Workshop 15 – 16th May, 2014 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The KAPAP vegetable Project team sincerely appreciates: KAPAP Secretariat for providing the funds, Organizers of the workshop for the sterling efforts made, KAPAP Regional Coordinating Unit and State Department of Agriculture, Kakamega County for their contribution Farmers for finding time to participants St. Mary`s Hospital Guest House Mumias for hosting this workshop Collaborating researchers for availing themselves and the employers for allowing them time to spend on this project Local community for positively welcoming the research team during field visits 3 KAPAP AIVs Value Chain: Deepening and Upscaling Project Inception Workshop 15 – 16th May, 2014 TABLE OF CONTENTS THE KAPAP VEGETABLE PROJECT COLLABORATORS AND PARTNERS . 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................... 3 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................. 5 DAY 1 .................................................................................................................................... 6 WELCOME REMARKS ..................................................................................................... 6 Objectives of the workshop ............................................................................................... 6 Expected outcomes ............................................................................................................ 6 OPENING REMARKS........................................................................................................ 6 Constraints to AIVs Value Chain ........................................................................................ 7 Objectives of the project .................................................................................................... 7 Expected outcomes of the project ..................................................................................... 8 Research Plan/Methodology ............................................................................................... 8 KEYNOTE PRESENTATIONS ..................................................................................... 10 Presentation by Mr. Ernest M. Aginga, ............................................................................. 10 Presentation by Mr. James Libaako ................................................................................... 12 PRESENTATION OF PROGRESS REPORTS BY COLLABORATORS ............ 14 Prof. R.M.S. Mulwa & Dr. J.M. Matofari (Spider Plant) ..................................................... 14 Egerton University ............................................................................................................ 14 Dr. Fredrick Musieba, Stella Wanjiku, Knight Moraa, Bitutu Nyambane (Mushrooms) .. 16 P. N. Muthoka, E. N. Kioko (Amaranth) .......................................................................... 19 National Museums of Kenya ............................................................................................. 19 Prof. Margaret Jesang Hutchinson & Kirakou Stanley (Cow Pea) .................................... 21 University of Nairobi ........................................................................................................ 21 Kirimi, J.K., Isutsa, D. K. & Nyende, A. B. (Pumpkins) ..................................................... 23 Chuka University & JKUAT .............................................................................................. 23 Dr. Andika D.O (Nightshades) ......................................................................................... 28 Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and Technology ...................................... 28 Prof. John Nderitu (Mount Kenya University), Prof. James Muthomi (University of Nairobi) and Mr Bernard Ouma Ogala (University of Nairobi) ...................................... 29 OVERVIEW OF THE PROJECT (DEEPENING AND UPSCALING PROPOSAL........................................................................................................................ 30 Presented by Dr. Andika D.O (JOOUST) .................................................................. 30 Paradigm shift from Phase 1 value chain vegetable project .............................................. 30 Problem statement: Identified opportunities for deepening ............................................ 30 Overall objective ............................................................................................................... 31 Outputs ............................................................................................................................. 31 Outcomes ......................................................................................................................... 32 Implementing Institutions and specific activities ............................................................... 32 DISCUSSIONS ON DEEPENING AND UPSCALING ........................................... 32 Action Points..................................................................................................................... 34 CONCLUSION AND WAY FORWARD.................................................................... 34 VOTE OF THANKS......................................................................................................... 35 FIELD VISITS AND MEETING WITH FARMERS ................................................... 36 ANNEXES .......................................................................................................................... 37 Annex I: Programme ......................................................................................................... 38 Annex II: List of participants ............................................................................................. 39 Annex III. Invitation Letter ............................................................................................... 41 4 KAPAP AIVs Value Chain: Deepening and Upscaling Project Inception Workshop 15 – 16th May, 2014 INTRODUCTION In response to a call for competitive grant research proposals by the Kenya Agricultural Productivity and Agribusiness Project (KAPAP) in 2010, Mount Kenya University (MKU), University of Nairobi, Chuka University, Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and Technology University, Egerton University, Kenya Industrial Research and Development Institute (KIRDI) and National Museums of Kenya (NMK) prepared a joint research project proposal which was successfully reviewed and approved for financial support. The title of the project was “Enhancing production, value addition and marketing of indigenous vegetables (Cowpeas, spider plant, nightshades, amaranth, pumpkins), French beans and mushrooms among small holder farmers in Kenya”. The project locations were in Siaya County, Homa Bay County, Kilifi County, Nyeri County, Meru County, Kakamega County and Embu County. The main project activities included crop improvement, agronomic practices, value addition, marketing and dissemination of research results. Despite the achievements of the first phase, several challenges were still experienced. This necessitated KAPAP to invite proposals on deepening and upscaling on some of the problems identified in the Vegetable Value Chain in the phase I. Deepening and upscaling phase will focus on improvement of seed supply systems and ensuring availability of clean planting materials, identifying and applying postharvest technologies that minimize losses, diversifying products from AIV and linking farmers to markets. Information sharing, good agricultural practices and market access for decision making by farmers will also be enhanced. Focusing on these areas will ensure increased productivity and incomes for improved livelihood of the target areas. In the first phase, the project activities were spread out in seven counties in the country making it difficult to realize impact to the target communities. In the deepening and upscaling phase, the collaborators will focus their activities on seed systems, agronomic aspects of growing AIVs, postharvest handling, transportation and marketing in the Butere and Mumias sub counties in Kakamega County, which is considered to be the AIVs hub in the country, to build synergisms and create impact. On 15 – 16th May, 2014, the planning workshop for the AIVs value chain was held at St. Mary`s Hospital Guest House, Mumias, Kakamega County. This report provides a summary of the major activities and results of the workshop. 5 KAPAP AIVs Value Chain: Deepening and Upscaling Project Inception Workshop 15 – 16th May, 2014 DAY 1 WELCOME REMARKS Dr. Darius Andika, Focal Site Coordinator of JOOUST, opened the workshop by welcoming the participants to the Mumias and Butere Sub Counties being the focal site of the project. He highlighted the objectives and the expected outcomes of the workshop. Objectives of the workshop Collaborators to interact with stakeholders Collaborators to familiarize with focal area (Mumias and Butere Sub-counties) Learn and share on value of AIVs and how they can turn households in to economic and food security strongholds. Plan on implementation of the project with stakeholders Expected outcomes Field visits by collaborators on selected farms/sites Meeting with farmers to discuss key challenges on AIVs Action plan by collaborators on how to move forward Benefits on farmers and other stakeholders OPENING REMARKS The workshop was opened by Prof. John Nderitu of MKU, who highlighted the background and objectives of the first phase of Vegetable Value Chain (VVC) research project and the link between the first phase and the Deepening and Upscaling phase. The project brings together eight institutions, which are expected to undertake the implementation of the deepening and upscaling phase to achieve greater and sustainable impact in the lives of AIVs smallholder farmers at the focal site. 6 KAPAP AIVs Value Chain: Deepening and Upscaling Project Inception Workshop 15 – 16th May, 2014 He highlighted the background of the first phase, outlining different aspects of the proposal as indicated below: Constraints to AIVs Value Chain 1. Indigenous vegetables Quality planting materials and agronomic packages. Limited value addition & post-harvest handling technologies. Poor marketing and distribution channels. Negative perception and low acceptability. 2. Mushrooms Lack of adequate supply of quality spawn. Limited production technologies. Limited value addition and postharvest handling technologies. 3. French beans Overuse and misuse of pesticides for management of pests. Lack of awareness on local utilization. Limited postharvest practices and value addition. Objectives of the project Overall objective To increase production, value addition, marketing and utilization of indigenous vegetables, French beans and mushroom products among smallholder farmers in Kenya. Specific Objectives 1. To enhance safe production of indigenous vegetables, French beans and mushroom products through IPM practices. 2. To improve postharvest handling, value addition and utilization of indigenous vegetables, French beans and mushroom products. 3. To enhance marketing opportunities for indigenous vegetables, French beans and mushrooms 7 KAPAP AIVs Value Chain: Deepening and Upscaling Project Inception Workshop 15 – 16th May, 2014 among smallholder farmers. 4. To enhance mechanisms for information, communication and knowledge sharing along the indigenous vegetable, French beans and mushroom value chain. 5. To undertake initial project screening with a view to identifying environmental, social and gender concerns that must be addressed together with the pests in the proposed research project. Expected outcomes of the project Availability of high quality and affordable seed and spawn for IVs, French beans, and mushrooms, respectively. Reduced vegetable postharvest loses along the value chain and increased volumes of high quality vegetables in markets. Increased range of vegetable products and per capita consumption. Increased smallholder and community awareness and consumption of IVs, French beans and mushrooms; and overall improved incomes from vegetable enterprises disaggregated by gender. Improved food safety and acceptability of the indigenous vegetables along the Value Chain within an expanded market catchment. Drawing strength in their numbers to achieve major milestones that will impact the lives of smallholder farmers and other stakeholders positively in the near future. Research Plan/Methodology Project Sites Homa Bay, Kakamega, Tharaka, Nyeri, Kilifi, Embu and Siaya Counties. Outputs and Activities 1.0 Crop improvement 1.1. Germplasm collection, evaluation, and selection of IV varieties and mushroom spawn for production. 1.2. Farmer participatory seed bulking and distribution of selected pure lines for IVs. 2.0 Agronomic Practices 2.1. On-farm evaluation of cropping systems for IVs, French beans and mushrooms. 2.2. On-farm trials on integrated soil, water and nutrient management for French beans and pumpkins. 2.3. On-farm trials on Integrated Pest Management (IPM) options for French beans. 3. Improvement of Postharvest Handling Technologies 3.1. On-farm evaluation of low cost produce handling sheds. 3.2. Evaluate shed covering materials. 3.3. Evaluate existing bulk packaging materials and promote the best bets. 3.4. Develop, evaluate and promote new bulk packaging technologies. 4. Improvement of value addition 4.1. Improve utility packaging technologies. 4.2. Evaluate utility packaging materials and methods. 4.3. Conduct consumer preference on packaging materials and methods. 8 KAPAP AIVs Value Chain: Deepening and Upscaling Project Inception Workshop 15 – 16th May, 2014 4.4. Evaluate product transformation technologies. 4.5. Evaluate vegetable dehydration methods and promote the best bests. 4.6. Evaluate milling and blending options for dried IVs and mushrooms. 5. 6. 7. Improvement of product quality and utilization 5.1. Develop quality guidelines for IVs and mushrooms along the vegetable value chain. 5.2. Conduct quality evaluation of IVs and mushrooms along the vegetable value chain. 5.3. Develop improved vegetable recipes. 5.4. Evaluate sensory qualities of the finished vegetable products. 5.5. Analyze the nutritional integrity of vegetable products. 5.6. Evaluate the shelf life of the vegetable products. Improve marketing opportunities for the vegetables 6.1. Develop supplier-buyer databases. 6.2. Analyze produce volumes and pricing trends. 6.3. Determine competing vegetable products. 6.4. Conduct consumer preference profiling and marketing platforms. 6.5. Evaluate farmer market organization models. 6.6. Evaluate efficiency of market outlets. Increase information, communication & knowledge sharing along the vegetable value chain 7.1. Needs assessment of vegetable value chain. 7.2. Package information for various VVC actors. 7.3. Identify effective communication strategies for the VVC actors and operators. 7.4. Produce communication materials for the VVC actors and operators. 7.5. Transmit information using different media. 7.6. Train chain actors in agronomic practices, post-harvest handling, value addition and marketing. 7.7. Train chain actors in agribusiness in IVs, mushrooms and French beans. 7.8. Formulate an IPMP that is uniform and adopted for all actors in the vegetable value chain. He further noted that individual collaborators have started working on various components in the phase I of the project. He summarized the keys areas of deepening and upscaling in the AIVs Value Chain as outlined below: Seed bulking Value addition Enhancing marketing strategies Have all collaborators work on focal point in the Butere-Mumias region 9 KAPAP AIVs Value Chain: Deepening and Upscaling Project Inception Workshop 15 – 16th May, 2014 KEYNOTE PRESENTATIONS Presentation by Mr. Ernest M. Aginga, State Department of Agriculture, Kakamega County Title of the Presentation – “Vegetable Production in Kakamega County” Summary of the Presentation Nutritional importance of AIVs in terms of Vitamins Production conditions and AEZ in Kakamega county County local vegetable demand (current production is below nutritional demand) and indicative Production (Khwisero) Local vegetable value chain actors - their role in AIV production and local vegetable marketing outlets Constraints to production- low land hectarage, weather, lack of irrigation equipment, individual marketing, unorganized transport system, no cooling plants Way forward 10 KAPAP AIVs Value Chain: Deepening and Upscaling Project Inception Workshop • 11 15 – 16th May, 2014 KAPAP AIVs Value Chain: Deepening and Upscaling Project Inception Workshop Way forward for AIVs in Kakamega County Double land under local vegetable production Promote and match organic manure with target acreage. Promote and support small on-farm irrigation Organize farmers in groups for ease of marketing. Support local vegetable producers on transport with cooling plants Policy formulation and implementation. Presentation by Mr. James Libaako KAPAP RSU Coordinator, Butere-Mumias Sub-County 12 15 – 16th May, 2014 KAPAP AIVs Value Chain: Deepening and Upscaling Project Inception Workshop 15 – 16th May, 2014 Summary of the Presentation Brief on Butere-Mumias region, basic data KAPAP launched in Dec 2010 a 5 year program Demand for local market is not met In the Phase I the Farmer grant released was Kshs. 8.6M (with Kshs 1.2M dedicated for AIV production). The grant for component II is estimated at Kshs. 20M with Kshs. 5M to be directed per value chain Operates in 28 locations Administration of Program is through RASPSC Implementation progress so far includes program launch and RASPSC commissioning Background information Butere-Mumias Region is comprised of four administrative districts; Butere, Khwisero, Mumias and Matungu. Falls within Kakamega county of Western Kenya KAPAP launched in early December 2010 Basic data Butere Mumias RSU administrative structures Staff: 3 officers have been deployed namely – Coordinator, M&EO and Accountant. Farmer grant disbursed was Ksh 8.6M (Grant 1) Grant two – Kshs 20M Implementation progress Project launched successfully RASPSC commissioned 10 DTTS formed 10 CRAs carried out CIAPs studied and anlyzed by the RSU EOI s prepared, advertised and evaluated by RTT/district procurement office RSU/SPs training meeting CIAP presented and CIG formation meetings carried out at zonal level 10 PPW at divisional level completed 1 regional farmer workshop carried out to elect regional leaders Constitution for the value chains finalized with technical input from DSDO Implementation progress cont’d 2 RASPSC review meeting were held Farmers mobilized and farmer management structures put in place Grant two progress Farmer Co-operatives registered. Business plans developed Membership drives and share contribution on going. Challenges Rising inflation which has led to rise in fuel pump price and therefore less fuel drawn compared to fuel budgeted. The slow procurement process of extension service provision 13 KAPAP AIVs Value Chain: Deepening and Upscaling Project Inception Workshop 15 – 16th May, 2014 PRESENTATION OF PROGRESS REPORTS BY COLLABORATORS Prof. R.M.S. Mulwa & Dr. J.M. Matofari (Spider Plant) Egerton University Group objectives Enhancing production of spider plant vegetable & products. Improving post-harvest handling, value addition and utilization of spider plant vegetable products. Enhancing marketing opportunities for spider plant vegetable for smallholder farmers. Enhancing mechanisms for information, communication and knowledge sharing along the spider plant vegetable value chain. Spider plant objectives 1. To mainstream technologies in spider plant culture for increased seed and vegetable production 2. To introduce modern post-harvest handling and value addition techniques in spider plant for enhanced utilization 3. To strengthen farmer driven marketing opportunities for spider plant vegetable. Spider plant issues summary Absence/ limited seed supply Low production/ productivity Lack of quality vegetable presentation for enhanced acceptance Lack of appropriate post-harvest and processing technologies Activities so far Project County – Homa Bay Selection of project partners – Farmers’ CBOs 3 selected Currently working with 3 CBOs Sangare View women group - Kendu Bay Kabondo KAMDeP group - group of 20 CBOs Hadadi women group - Oyugis Activities 14 KAPAP AIVs Value Chain: Deepening and Upscaling Project Inception Workshop 15 – 16th May, 2014 Spider plant production technology mainstreaming Planting bed preparation Incorporation of Nutrient and Soil management practices Seed sowing and early crop care Production technology Completed beds/ sowing Newly established field – Kendu Bay Intervention for low productivity Extension of vegetative phase to increase vegetable production On station experiments – MSc student (Carol Mutua) : Thesis topic: Effect of Deflowering and NPK rates on vegetative phase extension of spider plant Showing promise of increasing productivity. High marketable crop yields achieved = 12 - 19 tonnes vs 2.5 - 4 tonnes/ha reported. Possible yields can be 30 tonnes/ha Low productivity - Extension of vegetative phase – increasing vegetable productivity Deflowered crop at Egerton University Issue - Bulk Handling Issue - Market presentation Interventions: Mainstream use of hygienic produce crates & packaging bags 15 KAPAP AIVs Value Chain: Deepening and Upscaling Project Inception Workshop 15 – 16th May, 2014 Issue - Clean seed production Harvested seed at Egerton University Seed work results Institutional produce seed better quality than what farmers produced even after training (1000 seed weight, germination, seed/seedling vigour) Reason – strict management practices difficult for farmers to adhere to unless there is specialization. Varied seed quality from farmers’ fields because of wide soil variations. Issue - Variety development Farmer trainings Production technologies for traditional vegetables. Seed production for traditional vegetables. Post-harvest handling, preservation and safety of traditional/ indigenous vegetables. Farm records for agri-business. Video documentation Challenges Logistics – Project area is far from the project team base – several logistical challenges. Project syndrome developing among some farmer groups Financial – lately University subsistence rates have changed; difficult to get drivers to commit to field activities on the old rates budgeted in the project. Next phase - Post harvest handling and value Addition Evaluate modern bulk handling & utility packaging practices at the market place – consumer perceptions MSc. Student (Food Science): Vegetable processing technologies to evaluate: Blanching and drying; Drying – solar, sun drying; Milling and mixes Farmer trainings on post-harvest handling and value addition techniques Tangible benefits to farmers Dairy goat cross Dr. Fredrick Musieba, Stella Wanjiku, Knight Moraa, Bitutu Nyambane (Mushrooms) KIRDI Dr. Musieba gave outline of his presentation and progressed to highlight key issues of their research as outlined below; Introduction Although mushrooms are appreciated in Kenya for their nutritional properties and economic potential; their production, marketing, and widespread utilization face a number of challenges. Key challenges include: Poor quality spawn. Undiversified species and product range. Low yields and quality of produce. 16 KAPAP AIVs Value Chain: Deepening and Upscaling Project Inception Workshop 15 – 16th May, 2014 Overall objective To increase production, value addition, marketing and utilization of indigenous mushroom products among smallholder farmers in Kakamega County. Specific objectives 1. To improve safe production of indigenous mushroom products through IPM practices 2. To improve postharvest handling, value addition and utilization of indigenous mushroom products. 3. To develop marketing opportunities for indigenous mushrooms among smallholder farmers. 4. To develop mechanisms for information, communication and knowledge sharing along the indigenous mushroom value chain. 5. To undertake initial project screening with a view to identifying environmental, social and gender concerns that must be addressed by the proposed research project. Subsequently, develop collaboratively an Integrated Pest Management Plan (IPMP) that must be shared and implemented amongst the various collaborators as well as shared and imparted to the other stakeholders who will be involved in this research Expected outputs Production of indigenous mushrooms products improved through IPM approaches. Postharvest handling, value addition and utilization of indigenous mushroom products improved. Marketing opportunities for indigenous mushroom products developed. Mechanisms for information, communication and knowledge sharing on mushrooms along the vegetable value chain developed. Environmental, social, gender and food safety concerns identified and sustainable strategies to address them undertaken. Summary of activities undertaken Project Inception workshop – September 2011. Household, consumer and trader survey in January and February 2012. Germplasm collection and characterization-April– May 2012. 17 KAPAP AIVs Value Chain: Deepening and Upscaling Project Inception Workshop 15 – 16th May, 2014 Germplasm evaluation-1st trial-June-July 2012 and 2nd trial-August- December 2012. Survey of insect pests and implementation of IPM strategy- November, 2012 to December, 2013. Bulking and distribution of mushroom spawn at Butere-September 2013 and April 2014. Transformation of mushrooms into diverse products- June-December, 2013. Ethno-mycological studies on wild edible mushrooms in Kakamega County All the respondents had knowledge that mushrooms grew seasonally in the wild and their role was just to harvest. Mushrooms collection and utilization governed by beliefs. Wild edible mushrooms are gradually disappearing from their natural habitat because of agricultural activities. Nine eight percent (98%) of the respondents expressed interest in learning how to cultivate mushrooms. Germplasm collection, evaluation and selection Mushroom germplasm were collected from 7 sites in Kakamega County from 30/4/12 to 2/5/12. Protocol outlined by Mueller et al. (2004) was followed. Germplasm were characterized according to protocols outlined by Lorge et al. (2004). Evaluation and selection trials were done at KIRDI South B Campus, Nairobi. Pest management a b Plate 1: Sciaridae dark coloured, a-wing venation with v-shaped veins at the center, b- side view of the sciaridae of long legs, short broad segment antennae with eyes at the base of the antennae Identification of insect pests of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) in Western Kenya and development of an integrated pest management (IPM) strategy. Phorids were the major oyster mushroom pests in Butere Sub County. Incubation phase of oyster mushroom was the most susceptible stage to pest infestation. IPM as a pest control strategy enhanced the control of the phorids and sciarids. Product transformation technologies The following products have been developed from mushrooms Dried whole mushrooms- oyster and button Mushroom flakes 18 KAPAP AIVs Value Chain: Deepening and Upscaling Project Inception Workshop 15 – 16th May, 2014 Mushroom powder Dried Mushroom vegetable mixes Composite flours Mushroom seasoning Composite bread Nutritional and quality evaluation of wheat bread supplemented with oyster mushroom Findings on composite bread Moisture content decreased with increase in mushroom portion in the wheat-mushroom blends. Total ash content increased with increased amount of mushroom in the composite bread. Product quality and utilization Easy to prepare recipes were formulated using locally available ingredients. The recipes incorporated baked products, red meat, white meat, stir fries, vegetables, starches such as rice, wheat and maize meal. The prepared dishes were presented to KIRDI staff for evaluation and the successful ones compiled into a book. Institutions Kenya Agricultural Productivity and Agribusiness Project (KAPAP) Collaborators in the Vegetables value chain P. N. Muthoka, E. N. Kioko (Amaranth) National Museums of Kenya Dr. Muthoka outlined progress of their research on amaranth as indicated below; Project Objectives To improve safe production of amaranth through IPM practices 19 KAPAP AIVs Value Chain: Deepening and Upscaling Project Inception Workshop 15 – 16th May, 2014 To undertake amaranth germplasm collection, identification and evaluation To strengthen farmer driven participatory seed selection and bulking Distribution of some Amaranthus species in Kenya Enhancing amaranth Production and IPM Ruiri and Nchoroiboro farmers engaged in amaranth farming using seed from Incas and local supplies. Third site identified in Kithoka and farmers trained in amaranth growing and preparation of the vegetable and initial planting done with A. dubius seeds from Simlaw Seed Company. th Three meetings held with the new group on 10/10/2013, 21/11/2013 and 5 December 2013 the core activities were farmers training on post-harvest handling, agronomic practices and th marketing. On 5 December 2013, Baseline survey on the adoption and marketing of the leafy Amaranth was conducted by administering 30 questionnaires to the group members. On 10/10/2013, 37 tins each of 50 grams of A. dubius seeds supplied to the Kithoka group members for planting. Repeated for the current season. Data on insect pests of amaranth finalised. Identification of amaranth insect pests done using the NMK reference collection and bar coding techniques. Demonstration plots at Meru National Museums maintained to date Approach in Knowledge Production in amaranth Enhanced MSc - the adoption of improved amaranth among small scale farmers in Buuri district, Meru county, submitted at Egerton University in September 2013 MSc - effect of fertilizer application and spacing on the yield of vegetable Amaranth in Imenti North (Kenya Methodist University, 2013) MSc. IPM approach of amaranth insect pests in Meru County Kenya, JKUAT-2012 Proposed – preliminary breeding / seed quality on farm Collection of Amaranthus insect pests and natural enemies Partnerships 3 community groups- Nchoroiboro, Ruiri, Kithoka Meru University College – IPM study Farm Concern International Kenya Methodist University Egerton University Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology 20 KAPAP AIVs Value Chain: Deepening and Upscaling Project Inception Workshop 15 – 16th May, 2014 Proposed - Maseno university Prof. Margaret Jesang Hutchinson & Kirakou Stanley (Cow Pea) University of Nairobi Introduction Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp, is the second most important pulse crop in tropical Africa after common beans. Like other AIVS, cowpea possess superior nutritional and health benefits (Rangel et al., 2003) Can be grown as a dual-purpose or single Phase 1 Achievements Out of 32 local cowpea accessions in Kilifi and Mombasa counties, 4 of them were selected for a) Superior yields and popularity with the local farmers and consumers b) Improved agronomic trials conducted by the MSc student – Mr. Francis Muniu and data is now being analyzed c) Marketing channels have been identified d) Seed bulking by farmers is to start later this month Phase 2: Contract areas 1. Provision of cow pea seeds for bulking-challenge 2. Cowpea information packaging 3. Contribute to training chain actors in agronomic practices, post-harvest handling and value addition at the proposed project focal area. Effect of cultural practices on seed quality Quality seed production is the basis of proper seed germination, plant population and yield. We are concerned with identifying the cultural practises that influence seed quality. We will be involved in monitoring and assessing the following factors in conjunction with the farmers i. Weeding on purity of seeds ii. Crop protection during and after harvest determines seed quality and germination (cowpea bruchid-Callosobruchus spp. and weevils) iii. The stage at harvest influences the viability of seeds 21 KAPAP AIVs Value Chain: Deepening and Upscaling Project Inception Workshop 15 – 16th May, 2014 iv. Moisture content, physical injury, pathological breakdown and time of seed storage dictates seed viability We will organize farmers to carry out timely and planned cultural practises to enhance quality of seeds Seed packaging technologies and seed bulking There has been inconsistent supply of quality seed for most AIVs. Farmers will be taken through some of seed packaging technologies to achieve the goals of bulking; Specialization as a key factor in order to produce required volumes and quality (Isubikalu et al., 1999) Emphasis will be on post-harvest handling of seed which is a prerequisite for seed quality (drying, cleaning, sorting, insecticide and fungicide coating) Seeds are living. Packaging in respect to gaseous exchange is critical in addition to seed protection Pre-harvest factors on post-harvest quality Laboratory testing and visual examination will be done to ascertain the effects of some of the following practises on post-harvest quality Irrigation, excess-brittle hence high susceptibility to damage vs inadequate Soil fertility and fertilization (nitrogen-inadequate yellowing) Stage of harvest vs quality Pest and disease management Weed control Planting density and sanitation Development of business opportunities, entrepreneurship We will train and advocate for farmers to specialize and be the best in that specific field. The following are some of the specialized sections: i. Seed production ii. leafy production for sale and household consumption or for fodder iii. Crop protection-IPM strategies iv. Post-harvest handling and techniques v. Value addition and structures vi. Market research and marketing intermediary practises vii. Transportation and storage We will organize farmers to identifying their strong working sections considering their abilities. Media involvement We are looking at the feasibility of disseminating critical information through local media such as West FM and Mulembe FM by organizing written and oral messages. Post-harvest handling, value addition and market research We will conduct experiments on the importance and techniques of temperature control on the farm and during marketing. Sensitizing farmers on packaging as a factor of improving shelf life and reduction of physical injuries for distant markets Avoidance of physical injuries along the value chain Maintenance of a cold chain system especially when the produce is in bulk with definite market to maintain the metabolic reaction at minimum 22 KAPAP AIVs Value Chain: Deepening and Upscaling Project Inception Workshop 15 – 16th May, 2014 Maintenance of proper hygiene to avoid pathological breakdown Development of vibrant farmer organization to deal with market research, information and bargaining Sensitization on the alternative uses of the crop-animal feed, drying, fortification, development of jam products from seeds Overview of the project activities Issues to be addressed Identification of a source of locally-adapted seed that can be supplied to farmers Output 4 Development of Marketing and agribusiness opportunities for indigenous vegetables Identification of business opportunities along AIV value chain – MSc student Conclusion Cowpea is a crop that can transform food and nutrition security of communities Kirimi, J.K., Isutsa, D. K. & Nyende, A. B. (Pumpkins) Chuka University & JKUAT Project Title: Collection, characterization and evaluation of Kenyan naturalized multi-purpose pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata duch.) Objective of the study Identification, characterization, evaluation and multiplying of seeds of multi-purpose pumpkin preferred by smallholder farmers in Kenya for food security and agribusiness opportunities creation. Germplasm Collection Germplasm was collected randomly in Western and Central Kenya from two divisions in 10 districts. The acquisitions were planted on the Chuka University Research Farm to provide material for characterization. Biodiversity International Descriptors were used in characterization. 23 KAPAP AIVs Value Chain: Deepening and Upscaling Project Inception Workshop 15 – 16th May, 2014 Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) techniques were incorporated in the surveys, and included key informant interviews and checklists. Specific information included practices, problems, ethno-botanic knowledge, constraints and opportunities in pumpkin production and utilization. Twenty farmers identified through purposive sampling with the help of FEOs were sampled in each County on the basis of their interest and the constraints that needed to be addressed. Known pumpkin farmers were deliberately included and helped in the identification traditional pumpkins being grown and introduced. Farmers gave general description of their pumpkin, whether it was different from other local ones grown in surrounding villages or places, seed management during drought periods, and differences between present-day and past-day landraces. Pumpkin seeds and pumpkin fruits of the landraces were collected, labeled and transported to the laboratory. Morphological Characterization A total of 155 collections were made with 70 accessions from Kakamega and 85 accessions from Nyeri County. Morphological characterization and evaluation was done on-farm in completely randomized design, replicated three times. Five plants per accession were selected and tagged for morphological characterization and evaluation based on biodiversity descriptors for cucurbits. Planting for morphological characterization was done on 23 May, 2012 and recording of vegetative characteristics, commenced 20 days after emergence. The characters measured included vegetative, stem, root, inflorescence, fruit and seed characters. Results Morphological Traits Morphological variation of fruits was great. Fruit length to width ratio and fruit weight ranged from 0.6-3 cm and 0.25-19.25 kg per accession, respectively. Variation of peduncle length and total fruit weight was 5.55 cm and 145.65 kg per accession, respectively. Most accessions (101) had variable leaf colour i.e. green with silvery strips. Accessions (88) showed moderate senescence when fruits matured with 44 accessions portraying conspicuous concurrent senescence. In all the accessions, the sex type was monoecious male and female, with most flowers being mostly male. Most male flowers were early compared to female flowers. Only 9 accessions which had female flowers appearing before the male flowers Flower colour varied; most accessions (101) had orange colour flowers. Predominant fruit shape (38 accessions) was globular shape. Most accessions (42) had an average fruit size averaging 1.2 kg. Only one accession matured after 91-110 days, 125 accessions matured above 110 days due to long dry spell experienced during the growing period. Accessions (99) showed the ability to regenerate second fruit cycle leaves and male flowers. 24 KAPAP AIVs Value Chain: Deepening and Upscaling Project Inception Workshop 15 – 16th May, 2014 Predominant fruit skin colour at maturity, ranged from green to orange, speckled to striped. Fruit surface ranged smooth to warty and internal flesh colour from white to yellow. Main colour of flesh and flesh colour of outer layer ranged from yellow to salmon (pinkred). All the accessions had fruit vein tracks and peduncle abscision when overripe. Deep fruit ribbing occurred in 40 accessions and 69 accessions had small blossom scars. Kakamega accessions produced more total fruits per plant (310 kg) compared to the Nyeri accessions (183.75 kg). The minimum and maximum fruit weight in Kakamega was 0.5 kg and 19.25 kg, respectively; Nyeri had 0.25 and 8 kg, respectively. The mean fruit weight for the Kakamega accessions was 4.8 kg and the Nyeri accessions were 2.96 kg. It took more days for fruit from the Nyeri region to mature. Kakamega accessions had thicker fleshed fruits and showed more variation. Nyeri accessions showed variation in days to first flowering, maturation period, and stem thickness Molecular Characterization The accessions collected for DNA extraction were 139 out of the 155 Planted. Some accessions failed to germinate and others died before the leaf plucking stage. One accession was a butter nut (exotic cultivar) hence not included. DNA was extracted using the CTAB (Cetyltrimethyl Ammonium Bromide) protocol and the presence of DNA from the samples was confirmed by use of Horizontal Agarose Gel Electrophoresis is method. The percentage for the gel was 0.8 % agorose gel (0.8g agorose diluted in 100ml of TAE). The Samples which didn’t confirm the presence of DNA were re extracted once more until the presence of DNA was confirmed. Primers A total of five microsatellite SSR primer pairs (Table 1) and 7 ISSR primers (Table 2) were used to amplify the extracted DNA samples. SSR amplified band sizes for both Kakamega and Nyeri accessions ranged between 100 to 500 base pairs. Primer PKCT-62 and PKCT-111 had the lowest amplified band sizes for both locations. ISSR primers were more polymorphic with the lowest band size ranging between 200-500 base pairs and the highest range between 1200 to 2000 base pairs. ISSR 17898B and ISSR 17899A had the highest band range of 2000 base pairs. ISSR 814A had band sizes within the range of 500-1200 base pairs Primers ISSR 844A, ISSR 844B, 17898A and ISSR 17899B had bands with lower range of between 200-500bp. Polymorphism of Primers Alleles per locus ranged from 1 for markers PKCT-47, PKCT-62 and PKCT-133 to 2 for marker PKCT-111 & PKCT-122 for KK Accessions. Alleles per locus ranged from 1 for markers PKCT-111 and PKCT-133, 2 alleles per locus for PKCT-122, 3 to 4 for PKCT-47, 2 and 3 for PKCT-62 for Nyeri Accessions. There was observed heterozygozity for marker PKCT-111 and PCKT-122, and homozygozity for marker PKCT-4, PKCT-62 & PKCT-133 for KK accessions. 25 KAPAP AIVs Value Chain: Deepening and Upscaling Project Inception Workshop 15 – 16th May, 2014 Nyeri accessions heterozygozity was observed for marker PKCT-47, PKCT-62 and PKCT122. PKCT-111 and PKCT-133 showed only single bands for the Nyeri accessions. PKCT-122 had the most polymorphic bands in both locations with the Nyeri accessions having the most polymorphic bands (53) and 25 bands for Kakamega accessions. All the ISSR bands were polymorphic ranging from 1 to 7 bands. For the Kakamega accessions ISSR 17898 all the bands were polymorphic (Table 3). ISSR 814A had the most Monomorphic bands with ISSR 17899A having the most polymorphic bands in total for both Kakamega and Nyeri accessions. The ISSR primers are very polymorphic as they amplify many alleles on different DNA locus. Polymorphic Information Content (PIC) Marker PKCT-47 revealed the highest polymorphic information content (PIC), while marker PKCT-62 had the lowest PIC among the SSR Primers. PKCT-111, 122 and 133 had no PIC. PKCT-111 and 122 were only biallelic and PKCT-133 was monoallelic. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 3 to 4 for PKCT-47, 2 and 3 for PKCT-62 A total of 526 alleles were detected using the 5 SSR primers. The average polymorphism rate was 21.3% among the 139 genotypes. The number of allele band fragments detected by a single primer set ranged from 1 - 4, with a mean number of alleles per primer pair of 105.2 (Table 5). PKCT-47 primer pair identified 4 fragments (4 alleles/primer) than any of the other primer pair used. PKCT-122 primer pair identified 2 fragments (2 alleles/primer) per loci and had highest number of polymorphic bands (78). The PIC value for SSR primers in this study was between 0.62 (PKCT-47) and 0.38 (PKCT62), with a mean value of 0.5 (Table 5). The two primers were able to detect variations in the accessions more than any other primer pair ISSR analysis generated a total of 509 alleles, and the polymorphism rate was 74.01%. The number of fragments produced by each primer varied from 2 for all the 7 ISSR primers to 7 (ISSR 844B and ISSR 17898A), with a mean of total amplified bands of 72.7 All the ISSR primers detected variations in the accessions (139) with a mean PIC of 0.597. The PIC value for ISSR primers was between 0.50 (ISSR 844B and ISSR 17899B) and 0.72 (ISSR 844A). The number of alleles detected by a single primer set ranged from 1- 7, with a mean number of polymorphic bands per primer of 53. Results on Field Evaluation Comparing Kakamega and Embu, Kakamega took longer for seed germination (7 days) and days to fruit maturity (89 days). Kakamega accessions were higher yielding Compared to Nyeri.. Kakamega accessions took fewer days to flowering (61 days), and they had higher number of both female and male flowers in both seasons. The average fruit weight (1.5 kgs), Total fruit weight per plant (3.99 kgs) and the average number of fruits per plant (3) were high at Kakamega. 26 KAPAP AIVs Value Chain: Deepening and Upscaling Project Inception Workshop 15 – 16th May, 2014 The number of seeds per fruit per plant (291) was high with a low 100 seed weight (12.45 Gms) on average at the Kakamega region. There was no significant difference on the number of nodes. Internode length (15.88 cm) was high at the Kakamega region. Fruit length (21.5 cm) and fruit width (15.2 cm) were high at the Kakamega an indication that fruits were large in size compared to the Nyeri region fruits. Kakamega accessions had a larger number of leaves (216) and high biological yield (377.58 Gms). The main vine length (597.17 cm) was higher at Kakamega. Nyeri region had longer vegetative period (184 days) Molecular Characterization Combining SSR and ISSR primer reveal 4 main clusters with many sub clusters showing the similarity and dissimilarity of accessions from both Kakamega and Nyeri Regions The Dendogram shows that various pumpkin cultivars have great variations not only morphologically but also genotypically. The Dendogram also shows that some cultivars collected from both regions were similar genotypically. The near the clusters and sub clusters shows close relationship and the further the clusters shows distant relationship. Accession Evaluation The first evaluation was based on yield components and the general performance of the accession based on pest and disease attack prevalence of the plant. 38 accessions which produced poorly, had high disease and pest prevalence based on observation and their performance being poor were removed, leaving 101 out of the 139 accessions. All the green leaved accessions which had very low yields ranging 0.5-1 kg and the poor performers in the field were also removed. The second evaluation entailed separating similar accessions based on the yield performance. High yielding accessions were selected and the low yielders removed and data was once more analyzed for similarity. Figure 2 shows data after third evaluation based on yield components. DNA sequencing The cultivars for sequencing will be evaluated by combining genetic similarity, yield components and also the morphological appearance of the fruits. Separation using the Dendogram gave 23 similar groups, high yielding plants will be selected among the similar groups for DNA sequencing. The plants which are low yielders and are morphologically different from the ones selected will also be included to make total of 30 selected out the original 155 cultivars which will be used for DNA sequencing. Figure 3 shows the 23 similar groups upon which selection will be made. Conclusions and Recommendations Green-leafed accessions were susceptible to pests and had early fruits, but most aborted prematurely, unlike variegated accessions and their fruit number averaged 1 per accession. 27 KAPAP AIVs Value Chain: Deepening and Upscaling Project Inception Workshop 15 – 16th May, 2014 There is great variation in pumpkins in Kenya. Cultivars are interbreeding a lot. Conservation of naturalized germplasm needs to be expedited to save it from further distortion and extinction. Dr. Andika D.O (Nightshades) Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and Technology Dr. Andika D.O opened his presentation by outlining outline, the key research activities on the nightshade value chain which had been done; Germplasm collection, evaluation, and selection of pure lines, on-farm evaluation of cropping systems for nightshade, Develop quality guidelines for IVs and mushrooms along the vegetable value chain. Conduct quality evaluation of IVs and mushrooms along the vegetable value chain. Develop improved vegetable recipes. Analyze the nutritional integrity of vegetable products. Improve marketing opportunities for the vegetables Develop supplier-buyer databases. Package information for various vegetable value chain actors. 28 KAPAP AIVs Value Chain: Deepening and Upscaling Project Inception Workshop 15 – 16th May, 2014 Prof. John Nderitu (Mount Kenya University), Prof. James Muthomi (University of Nairobi) and Mr Bernard Ouma Ogala (University of Nairobi) Project Title: Thrips management practices in French bean production and efficacy of integrated pesticide application regimes in Embu East Broad objectives To determine efficacy of integrated pesticide regimes in managing thrips. Specific objectives 1. To evaluate the efficacy of integrating biological, synthetic and botanical pesticides in management of thrips. 2. Enhance capacity of French bean farmers and extension providers Treatments chemical plus biological pesticides chemical plus botanical pesticides conventional pesticide – botanical plus biological Biological pesticide Control plots - no pesticide application. Data collected Growth parameters Thrips population Pod quality Pod yield Results Effects of pesticide spray regimes on pod quality of French beans and effect of different pesticide spray regimes on yield of French were reported. Enhancing capacity of French bean farmers and extension service providers 29 KAPAP AIVs Value Chain: Deepening and Upscaling Project Inception Workshop 15 – 16th May, 2014 Farmers Field School Sensitization/awareness creation 33 farmers identified Training were done once a week from planting to harvesting Data collected Gender Factors affecting attendance OVERVIEW OF THE PROJECT (DEEPENING AND UPSCALING PROPOSAL Presented by Dr. Andika D.O (JOOUST) Project title: Enhancing Production, Post-harvest Handling, Value Addition and Marketing of Indigenous Vegetables (cowpea, spider plant, nightshades, amaranth, pumpkin), French Beans and Mushrooms among Smallholder Farmers in Kenya Paradigm shift from Phase 1 value chain vegetable project Focal point area to be Butere Mumias Sub County for all activities of phase II. Concentration of resources (physical, financial, human) in Butere and Mumias sub county Identifying an innovation platform in the target area Processor/Industrialist is a collaborator in this phase II Linking/partnering the project with county service units (CSU) and service provider in the focal area Linking all the collaborators in the ongoing project for deepening and up-scaling phase Linking youth investment group to bid for funds for agribusiness opportunities Information platform to be set up at the focal area. Problem statement: Identified opportunities for deepening Seed supply systems and availability of clean planting materials Post-harvest technologies to minimise losses 30 KAPAP AIVs Value Chain: Deepening and Upscaling Project Inception Workshop 15 – 16th May, 2014 Value addition, markets and agribusiness opportunities (develop products from the vegetable, fortification of other food products) Climate change adaptation through preservation during peak periods Communication and Information sharing, good agricultural practices and market access for informed decision making by farmers The collaborators in the current project will focus their activities on seed systems, soil fertility management and IPM in the focal area of study to build synergisms between phase 1 and phase 2 Project Location Kakamega County, Butere and Mumias sub-counties (AIVs hub in Western Kenya Goal Contribute to increased production, post-harvest handling marketing and utilization of indigenous vegetables, French beans and mushroom products to transform the vegetable production subsector into a commercially oriented enterprise for food safety and nutrition security, increased household incomes and employment creation, with due consideration of environmental safeguards, social, and gender issues. Overall objective To increase seed supply, improve post-harvest handling and value addition, marketing and utilization of indigenous vegetables, French beans and mushroom products among smallholder farmers in Kenya. Specific Objectives 1) To increase availability and supply of clean seed through capacity building, improved cultural practices, bulking, packaging, storage and distribution channels in the study focal area. 2) To reduce post-harvest losses in AIVs, and mushrooms through promotion of better post-harvest handling practices, storage, transport and preservation among small holder IVs farmers. 3) To improve value addition and utilization of AIVs, and mushroom products through development of innovative processed products with improved shelf life. 4) To develop markets, access and agribusiness opportunities for AIVs, French beans and mushrooms among smallholder farmers. 5) To develop mechanisms for information, communication and knowledge sharing along the indigenous vegetable and mushroom value chain. Outputs Output 1. Availability and supply of clean seed through capacity building, improved cultural practices, bulking, storage and distribution channels in the study focal area improved Output 2. Post-harvest losses in AIVs, and mushrooms through promotion of better post-harvest handling practices and appropriate technologies among small holder IVs farmers achieved Output 3. Value addition and utilization of AIVs, and mushroom products through development of innovative processed products with improved shelf life improved Output 4. Marketing and agribusiness opportunities for indigenous vegetables, French beans and mushroom products developed. 31 KAPAP AIVs Value Chain: Deepening and Upscaling Project Inception Workshop 15 – 16th May, 2014 Output 5. Mechanisms for information, communication and knowledge sharing along the indigenous vegetable and mushroom value chain developed. Outcomes Reduced vegetable postharvest loses along the value chain and increased volumes of high quality vegetables in markets in focal area in Butere and Mumias Increased availability of clean AIV seeds for farmers involved in production in focal area in Butere and Mumias Increased range of vegetable products, business strategies and per capita consumption in focal area in Butere and Mumias Improved food safety and acceptability of the indigenous vegetables along the Value Chain within an expanded market catchment. Increased smallholder and community awareness and consumption of IVs and overall improved incomes from vegetable enterprises disaggregated by gender. Youth involvement in AIVs value chain Implementing Institutions and specific activities Mt. Kenya University Chuka University University of Nairobi Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science & Technology Egerton University National Museums of Kenya East African Nutraceuticals Kenya Industrial Research & Development Institute DISCUSSIONS ON DEEPENING AND UPSCALING After the presentation on deepening and upscaling the participants were given opportunity to share their experiences on the issues raised. There were 43 participants in the plenary discussion. The main issues that emerged during the discussions are summarized below: Operationalize a one stop over AIV center at Ekero market center for AIV s collection, value addition and information sharing Encourage and strengthen farmers ability to produce clean seed Local germplasm of indigenous vegetables should be collected and conserved. Local germplasm of indigenous vegetables should be characterized morphologically and genetically Incorporate KEBS and KEPHIS in seed quality management Bulking of clean seeds to be done in collaboration with the farmers Sharing of germplasm within the regions to be encouraged Collect farmers’ indigenous knowledge and add value to it Pests to be managed using IPM strategies. Value addition studies to be incorporated in every crop value chain. Commercialization: Emphasize marketing for income-generation/wealth creation. 32 KAPAP AIVs Value Chain: Deepening and Upscaling Project Inception Workshop 15 – 16th May, 2014 Knowledge/information/lessons learnt during the studies to be cascaded to RSU’s not covered by KAPAP Vegetables project, to benefit all concerned small-scale farmers in the entire country. There is need to consider socio-cultural issues, status and beliefs when promoting new ideas/technologies. Economic status: If too low or high, no uptake by households. Similarly, households that are well-off may not adopt the technologies. There is need to adopt appropriate technologies: e.g. ash for preservation of seeds, solar driers for drying the vegetables, bicycle propel chippers for processing the vegetables. The information should be packaged in easily understandable modes. Technologies developed should be disseminated widely. Farmers to take charge of sourcing markets for their products. Value addition was key to reduce the post-harvest losses. County and national governments to work together to achieve the project objectives of improving livelihoods of the AIV farmers 33 KAPAP AIVs Value Chain: Deepening and Upscaling Project Inception Workshop 15 – 16th May, 2014 Action Points Each collaborator to recruit MSc. Students on the project Each collaborator to provide seed materials to the farmers at focal site for bulking Each collaborator to provide an implementation plan at the focal site Researchers should get to work. Clock is ticking: KAPAP is waiting for outputs CONCLUSION AND WAY FORWARD During the workshop, the vegetable value chain project team pledged to do their best to contribute to achieving the overall goal of KAPAP, which is: “To increase productivity, enhance livelihoods and facilitate transformation of agricultural sector by turning crop and livestock production into commercially oriented economic activities, for food and nutrition security, increased household incomes and employment creation, while utilizing the natural resources optimally and preserving biodiversity”. The team agreed to work closely to produce tangible deliverables to the target beneficiaries as outlined in the proposal. Farmers to increase acreage as demand increases Collect and conserve: Local germplasm Evaluate and select: Preferred ones our germplasm Characterize: Phenotypically & genotypically local germplasm Bulk clean seeds: Local, preferred germplasm Farmers: Bulk and save clean seeds on their farms Share: The seeds of preferred landraces with farmers Farmers’ indigenous knowledge: Gather & add value to it IPM: Do not neglect pest management. Value addition & transformation: Integrate. Commercialization: Emphasize marketing for income-generation/wealth creation. Share: Cascade knowledge/information/lessons learned to RSU’s not covered by KAPAP to benefit all concerned small-scale farmers in the entire country. Socio-cultural issues, status beliefs: Consider them when promoting novelty. Economic status: If too low or high, no uptake by households. Economic status: Similarly households well-off may not adopt Land ownership and rights: Interrogate and take care. Be careful: Choose contact farmers carefully to ensure projects succeed. Appropriate technologies: e.g. ash for seeds, solar driers, bicycle propellers. Package: Information in easily understandable modes. Technologies: Avail it with little red tape. Patent: Innovations and inventions. PRO: Establish them to demystify research undertaken. Parks: Establish them; e.g. Science Research and Agri-business Park Final Proposal: Circulate final global proposal to Co-PI’s. CGS Grant Manual: Summarize for the V. V. C. team. Reporting: Circulate final expectations/timelines/guidelines. Tranche renewal timelines/conditions: Relax them. Contract signing: Expedite, overcome red tape. Fund receipt: Complete signing contract first. 34 KAPAP AIVs Value Chain: Deepening and Upscaling Project Inception Workshop 15 – 16th May, 2014 Clock is ticking: Researchers get to work with stakeholders; KAPAP is waiting for outputs. VOTE OF THANKS The vote of thanks was given by farmers who thanked the organizers and the research partners on their willingness to engage them in AIVs value chain and choosing the Butere and Mumias Sub-counties as the focal site for the study. They expressed satisfaction with the proposed project activities and outputs that will improve their livelihood and income through reduced post-harvest losses, clean seed production, alternative markets and the establishment of promotional centres. To close up the Workshop, the PI commended the participants for their efforts and inputs in the workshop. He called on project collaborators and partners to be committed to the cause, and deliver outputs that will positively impact the small holder farmers. He urged them to stick to the pledge and make a difference in the lives of the farmers through increased incomes 35 KAPAP AIVs Value Chain: Deepening and Upscaling Project Inception Workshop DAY 2 FIELD VISITS AND MEETING WITH FARMERS Participants at Home of Mzee Rashid Wanzetse in South Wanga Collaborators inspecting the 4 acre experimental farm in South Wanga, along River Nzoia Collaborators on a 3 acre farm under AIVs in East Wanga, Lubinu Location belonging to Mr. John36 Amukhoma 15 – 16th May, 2014 KAPAP AIVs Value Chain: Deepening and Upscaling Project Inception Workshop Collaborators and farmers in an open discussion on the proposed activities and challenges expected at Shianda Market in East Wanga, Mumias Collaborators and farmers at the proposed promotional and information center at Ekero Market in Mumias. 37 15 – 16th May, 2014 KAPAP AIVs Value Chain: Deepening and Upscaling Project Inception Workshop 15 – 16th May, 2014 ANNEXES Annex I: Programme PLANNING WORKSHOP ON ENHANCED KAPAP VEGETABLE VALUE CHAIN PROJECT (DEEPENING AND UP-SCALING) AT THE GUEST HOUSE, ST. MARY’S HOSPITAL, MUMIAS ON 15TH AND 16TH MAY 2014. PROGRAMME DAY 1 Time Session I: 8.30-8.45 am 8.45-9.00 am 9.00-9.10 am Activity/presentation Responsibility Chairperson: Dr. Andika D.O (JOOUST) Rapporteurs Dr. Ogola H.(JOOUST)/Mr. Peter (MKU) Arrival, Registration Dr. Andika D.O Introductions Dr. E. N. Kioko, NMK Welcome and opening remarks Dr. Andika D.O (JOOUST) 9.10-9.9.30 am 9.30-10.00 am Overview of the first phase project Key note speech 10.00-10.30 am Session II: Group Photo and Tea/Coffee Break Mr. Binaisha (JOOUST) and Peter N. (Mt. Kenya University) Techical progress reports (2011-2014) on the vegetable value chain Chairperson: Dr. Musieba (KIRDI) Rapporteurs: Dr. Ogola H.(JOOUST)/Mr. Peter N (MKU) Spider plant Prof. R. Mulwa and Dr. Matofari (Egerton Univeristy team) Mushrooms Dr. Fredrick Musieba/ KIRDI Amaranth Dr. E. Kioko and Dr. Muthoka (NMK team) Cow pea Prof. M. Hutchinson and Mr. Stanley (UoN team) Pumpkins Prof. Dorcas Itutsa and Mr. Kirimi (Chuka University team) Nightshades Dr. Andika D.O (JOOUST team) French beans Prof. Nderitu/Mount Kenya University team Discussion of technical report All participants Overview of the project (deepening Prof John H. Nderitu/Dr. Andika D.O/Mr. Wanyeki and upscaling proposal) Lunch All Chairperson: Dr. Kioko E (NMK) Rapporteurs: Dr. Ogola H.(JOOUST)/Mr. Peter N (MKU) Discussions on deepening and Prof Nderitu /Dr. Andika upscaling proposal 10.30-10.40 am 10.40-10.00am 10.50-11.00. 11.00-11.10 11.10-11.20 11.20-11.30 11.30-11.40 11.50-12.10 12.00-1.00 1.00-2.00 pm Session III 2.000-2.30 pm 2.30-3.30 pm 3.30-3.35.pm 3.35-4.00pm Prof John H. Nderitu, Principal Investigator, MKU Mr. Aginga State departments of Agriculture (Kakamega County) Mr. Libaako (KAPAP coordinating Unit, Butere/Mumias) Discussions and way forward Vote of Thanks Tea/Coffee/ Dr. Kioko E (NMK) Mr. Ateya J (Chairman local vegetables association) All participants DAY 2 8.00-1.00 pm Field visits to selected sites Dr. Andika/CSU/farmer representative/Collaborators 1.00-2.00 pm Lunch All participants 38 KAPAP AIVs Value Chain: Deepening and Upscaling Project Inception Workshop 2.00-3.30 pm 3.30- Meeting with farmers DEPARTURE 15 – 16th May, 2014 All collaborators Annex II: List of participants 1. NAMES PROF. JOHN NDERITU INSTITUTION MKU 2 DR. RICHARD MULWA EGERTON UNIVERSITY 3 DR. JOSEPH MATOFARI EGERTON UNIVERSITY 4 DR. ESTHER KIOKO NMK 5 DR. PATRICK MUTHOKA NMK 6 MR. FREDRICK MUSIEBA KIRDI 7 MR. JAMES LIBAAKO KAPAP BUTERE 8 JAMES K.KIRAMANIA CHUKA UNIVERSITY 9 10 JAMES WAKAHIU OPWOLO ANDREW MEDIA MOA 11 OGUTU ROSELIDA MOA 12 13 DIDA MATHEWS AGINGA EDWARD MASENO UNIVERSITY AGRICULTURE 14 ERNEST MAINA MMUST 15 OMONDI JOSHUA MASENO UNIVERSITY 16 BARASA FRANCIS MKU KAKAMEGA 17 SHISANYA ERNEST KAPAP BUTERE 18 OUDA JAMES MMUST 19 BABU M. JONATHAN MMUST 20 KIRAKU STANLEY UON 21 KARENGA SAMUEL MKU THIKA 22 PETER NGARU MKU 23 DR. HENRY OGOLA JOOUST 24 DR. H. W. NYONGESA MMUST 25 DR. ANDIKA DARIUS JOOUST 39 CONTACTS Tel: 0722-308581 E-mail: [email protected] Tel: 0722-557037 E-mail: [email protected] Tel: 0722-671843 E-mail: [email protected] Tel. 0722-617508 E-mail: [email protected] Tel. 0729-382882 E-mail: [email protected] Tel: 0733-311-087 E-mail: [email protected], 0721-328200 E-mail: [email protected] 0721-484683 E-mail: [email protected] Tel: 0721-458349 Tel: 0712-037071 E-mail: [email protected] Tel 0718-723669 E-mail:[email protected] Tel:0711-860550 Tel: 0700-365043 E-mail:[email protected] Tel:0714-485142 E-mail:[email protected] Tel:0724-564271 E-mail:[email protected] Tel:0728-460337 E-mail:[email protected] Tel:0723-266278 E-mail:[email protected] Tel:0722-882026 E-mail:[email protected] Tel: 0712-574425 E-mail: Tel: 0714-467711 E-mail:[email protected] Tel:0724-564587 E-mail:[email protected] Tel:0720-687592 E-mail:[email protected] Tel:0716-724790 E-mail:[email protected] Tel:0723-430775 E-mail:[email protected] Tel:0721-533596 E-mail:[email protected] KAPAP AIVs Value Chain: Deepening and Upscaling Project Inception Workshop 15 – 16th May, 2014 26 URSULA C SAMOE MMUST 27 PAUL O. ONYANGO JOOUST 28 BINAISHA GODFREY JOOUST 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 MUKULO W. HOSEA PASCAL DICK OMBWARA PHAUSTINE A. PANYAKO ALELA A. FREDRICK KALIBO VAQUELINE FANUEL OMUSULA WABUKO SYLVESTERS OPWORA A. FREDRICK TOBOSO HANNINGTONE OKOBA AYUB OBARA SIMBAUNI O. JOSEPH JARED ATEYA OKUTOYI NOEL ANN MUKHOMA N. JOHN KACHI I. JAMES WANYANGU MAKOKHA FARMER FARMER FARMER FARMER FARMER FARMER FARMER FARMER FARMER Tel:0726-335972 E-mail:[email protected] Tel:0721-358702 E-mail:[email protected] Tel:0720-689953 E-mail:[email protected] Tel:0735-246427 Tel:0775-534816 Tel:0703-848425 Tel:0720-777199 Tel:0713-919587 Tel:0719-443422 Tel:0725-848162 Tel:0712-988870 Tel:0725-147060 FARMER FARMER FARMER FARMER FARMER FARMER FARMER Tel:0722-960771 Tel:0736-664651 Tel:0719-789959 Tel:0712-416352 Tel:0704-413600 Tel:0714-574962 Tel:0714-991126 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 40 KAPAP AIVs Value Chain: Deepening and Upscaling Project Inception Workshop 15 – 16th May, 2014 Annex III. Invitation Letter OFFICE OF THE DEPUTY VICE-CHANCELLOR, RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT OUR REF: MKU/R&D/VOL1/2014/0011 May 5, 2014 Dr. Darius Andika Otiato, Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science & Technology, P. O. Box 210-40601, BONDO Dear Dr. Otiato, SUBJECT: INVITATION FOR PLANNING WORKSHOP ON ENHANCED KAPAP VEGETABLE VALUE CHAIN PROJECT (DEEPENING AND UP-SCALING) AT THE SCHOOL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE, ST. MARY’S HOSPITAL, MUMIAS ON 15TH AND 16TH MAY 2014. Following the successful funding for (ENHANCED KAPAP VEGETABLE VALUE CHAIN PROJECT (DEEPENING AND UP-SCALING) I am happy to invite you for a planning workshop to be held between 15th and 16th May 2014 at the venue named above. Kindly plan to give a ten minute presentation of the on-going phase I project at the workshop. As you may be aware, capacity building is key project output and, therefore, each collaborator is expected to identify at least one MSc. Student to work on the project. In light of this, I request you to bring a long with you the students or a list of identified students for purposes of planning. Kindly note that you will be expected to use your budget to cover your travel and accommodation costs during the workshop. Also note that during the second day of the workshop, there will be a visit to selected farmers field sites and you are requested to prepare the right shoes since the region is currently experiencing heavy rains. Please find attached program for the workshop. Thank you. Prof. John H. Nderitu (Lead Scientist, KAPAP Vegetable Project) 41
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