04_list of tables

LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1: Fasting Plasma Glucose Test
Table 2.2: Oral Glucose Tolerance
Table 2.3: T2D susceptibility genes
Table 2.4: Compiled inforamation about Human Sirtuins (SIRT1-SIRT7)
Table 3.1: Composition of contents used for PCR master mix preparation
Table 3.2: Candidate gene polymorphisms and their PCR conditions
Table 3.3: Composition of contents used for restriction digestion master mix preparation
Table 4.1: Comparison of clinical characteristics among cases and healthy controls in
Banias
Table 4.2: Comparison of clinical characteristics among cases and healthy controls in
BCs
Table 4.3: Comparison of clinical characteristics among cases and healthy controls in
Brahmins
Table 4.4: Comparison of clinical characteristics among cases and healthy controls in
Jat Sikhs
Table 4.5: Comparison of clinical characteristics among cases and healthy controls in
Khatris
Table 4.6: Comparison of clinical characteristics among cases and healthy controls in
Rajputs
Table 4.7: Comparison of clinical characteristics among cases and healthy controls in
SCs
Table 4.8: Comparison of clinical characteristics among cases and healthy controls in
pooled population of Punjab
Table 4.9 (a): Comparison of clinical characteristics within genotypes of PGC-1α
(Gly482Ser) polymorphism in Banias, BCs and Brahmins of Punjab
Table 4.9 (b): Comparison of clinical characteristics within genotypes of PGC-1α
(Gly482Ser) polymorphism in Jat Sikhs, Khatris, Rajputs, SCs and pooled population of
Punjab
Table 4.10 (a): Comparison of clinical characteristics within genotypes of UCP2 -866
G>A polymorphism in Banias, BCs, Brahmins and Jat Sikhs of Punjab
Table 4.10 (b): Comparison of clinical characteristics within genotypes of UCP2 -866
G>A polymorphism in Khatris, Rajputs, SCs and pooled population of Punjab
Table 4.11 (a): Comparison of clinical characteristics within genotypes of SIRT1 -1400
T>C polymorphism in Banias, BCs, Brahmins and Jat Sikhs of Punjab
Table 4.11 (b): Comparison of clinical characteristics within genotypes of SIRT1 -1400
T>C polymorphism in Khatris, Rajputs, SCs and pooled population of Punjab
Table 4.12: Caste wise association of epidemiology and molecular analysis
Table 5.1: P values and Odds ratios of the studies showing positive association of PGC1α (Gly482Ser) polymorphism with T2D
Table 5.2: P values and Odds ratios of the studies showing positive association of UCP2
-866 G>A polymorphism with T2D
List of figures
Figure 2.1: Disorders of glycemia etiological type and stages.
Figure 2.2: Comparison of Indian & World diabetic population. Source
Figure 2.3: Pictorial representation and examples of the ‘Thrifty genotype’ hypothesis.
Figure 2.4: The various factors that contribute to the pathogenesis of T2D affecting both
insulin secretion and insulin action pathways.
Figure 2.5: Organisation of the human PGC-1α gene.
Figure 2.6: Organisation of the human UCP2 gene. Exons are depicted as black boxes
and non coding exons are depicted as grey boxes
Figure 2.7: Proton leak pathways carried out in mitochondria mediated through UCPs
and ANT.
Figure 2.8: Mechanism by which UCP2 mediated mitochondrial dysfunction disrupts
insulin secretion.
Figure 2.9: Organisation of the Human SIRT1 gene.
Figure 2.10: Tissue specific functions of SIRT1 in metabolism.
Figure 3.1: The in-silico PCR amplified product of PGC 1α (Gly482Ser) polymorphism
obtained from UCSC genome browser.
Figure 3.2: The in-silico PCR amplified product of UCP2 -866 G>A polymorphism
obtained from UCSC genome browser
Figure 3.3: The in silico PCR amplified product of SIRT1 -1400 T>C polymorphism
obtained from UCSC genome browser.
Figure 3.4: Restriction site of enzyme (MspI) desired to digest the PGC 1α (Gly482Ser)
polymorphism amplified PCR product showing one restriction site.
Figure 3.5: Restriction site of enzyme (MluI) desired to digest the UCP2 -866 G>A
polymorphism amplified PCR product showing one restriction site.
Figure 4.1: Distribution of WHR, hypertension and WC pattern among cases and
controls in Banias of Punjab.
Figure 4.2:. Distribution of WHR, hypertension and WC among cases and controls in
BCs of Punjab.
Figure 4.3:. Distribution of WHR, hypertension and WC among cases and controls in
Brahmins of Punjab.
Figure 4.4:. Distribution of WHR, hypertension and WC among cases and controls in
Jat Sikhs of Punjab.
Figure 4.5:. Distribution of WHR, hypertension and WC among cases and controls in
Khatris of Punjab.
Figure 4.6: Distribution of WHR, hypertension and WC among cases and controls in
Rajputs of Punjab.
Figure 4.7: Distribution of WHR, hypertension and WC among cases and controls in
SCs of Punjab.
Figure 4.8: Distribution of WHR, hypertension and WC among cases and controls in
pooled population of Punjab.
Figure 4.9: Distribution of WHR, hypertension and WC among Males in pooled
population of Punjab.
Figure 4.10: Distribution of WHR, hypertension and WC among females in pooled
population of Punjab.
Figure 4.11: DNA quality-check at 0.8% agarose. 3μl of diluted DNA samples were
loaded in each well.
Figure 4.12: Restriction digestion profiles of PCR amplified PGC-1α DNA fragment
digested with Msp I enzyme showing heterozygote (H) and mutant type (M) genotypes.
Figure 4.13: The allele and genotypic frequency distribution of PGC-1α (Gly482Ser)
polymorphism in Banias of Punjab.
Figure 4.14: The allele and genotypic frequency distribution of PGC-1α (Gly482Ser)
polymorphism in BCs of Punjab.
Figure 4.15: The allele and genotypic frequency distribution of PGC-1α (Gly482Ser)
polymorphism in Brahmins of Punjab.
Figure 4.16: The allele and genotypic frequency distribution of PGC-1α (Gly482Ser)
polymorphism in Jat Sikhs of Punjab.
Figure 4.17: The allele and genotypic frequency distribution of PGC-1α (Gly482Ser)
polymorphism in Khatris of Punjab.
Figure 4.18: The allele and genotypic frequency distribution of PGC-1α (Gly482Ser)
polymorphism in Rajputs of Punjab.
Figure 4.19: The allele and genotypic frequency distribution of PGC-1α (Gly482Ser)
polymorphism in SCs of Punjab.
Figure 4.20: The allele and genotypic frequency distribution of PGC-1α (Gly482Ser)
polymorphism in pooled population of Punjab.
Figure 4.21: The allele and genotype frequency distribution of the PGC-1α (Gly482Ser)
polymorphism in males of Punjab.
Figure 4.22: The allele and genotype frequency distribution of the PGC-1α (Gly482Ser)
polymorphism in females of Punjab.
Figure 4.23: Restriction digestion profiles of PCR amplified UCP2 DNA fragment
digested with Mlu I enzyme showing wild type (W), heterozygote (H) and mutant type
(M) genotypes.
Figure 4.24: The allele and genotypic frequency distribution of UCP2 -866 G>A
polymorphism among cases and controls in Banias of Punjab.
Figure 4.25: The allele and genotypic frequency distribution of UCP2 -866 G>A
polymorphism among cases and controls in BCs of Punjab.
Figure 4.26: The allele and genotypic frequency distribution of UCP2 -866 G>A
polymorphism among cases and controls in Brahmins of Punjab.
Figure 4.27: The allele and genotypic frequency distribution of UCP2 -866 G>A
polymorphism among cases and controls in Jat Sikhs of Punjab.
Figure 4.28: The allele and genotypic frequency distribution of UCP2 -866 G>A
polymorphism among cases and controls in Khtaris of Punjab.
Figure 4.29: The allele and genotypic frequency distribution of UCP2 -866 G>A
polymorphism among cases and controls in Rajputs of Punjab.
Figure 4.30: The allele and genotypic frequency distribution of UCP2 -866 G>A
polymorphism among cases and controls in SCs of Punjab.
Figure 4.31: The allele and genotypic frequency distribution of UCP2 -866 G>A
polymorphism in pooled population of Punjab.
Figure 4.32: The allele and genotypic frequency distribution of UCP2 -866 G>A
polymorphism in males of Punjab.
Figure 4.33: The allele and genotypic frequency distribution of UCP2 -866 G>A
polymorphism in females of Punjab.
Figure 4.34: Partial electropherogram of amplified SIRT1 promoter showing TT wild
type genotype of SIRT1 -1400T>C polymorphism
Figure 4.35: Partial electropherogram of amplified SIRT1 promoter showing TC
heterozygote genotype of SIRT1 -1400T>C polymorphism
Figure 4.36: Partial electropherogram of amplified SIRT1 promoter showing CC mutant
type genotype of SIRT1 -1400T>C polymorphism
Figure 4.37: The allele and genotypic frequency distribution of SIRT1 -1400 T>C
polymorphism among cases and controls in Banias of Punjab.
Figure 4.38: The allele and genotypic frequency distribution of SIRT1 -1400 T>C
polymorphism among cases and controls in BCs of Punjab.
Figure 4.39: The allele and genotypic frequency distribution of SIRT1 -1400 T>C
polymorphism among cases and controls in Brahmins of Punjab.
Figure 4.40: The allele and genotypic frequency distribution of SIRT1 -1400 T>C
polymorphism among cases and controls in Jat Sikhs of Punjab.
Figure 4.41: The allele and genotypic frequency distribution of SIRT1 -1400 T>C
polymorphism among cases and controls in Khatris of Punjab.
Figure 4.42: The allele and genotypic frequency distribution of SIRT1 -1400 T>C
polymorphism among cases and controls in Rajputs of Punjab.
Figure 4.43: The allele and genotypic frequency distribution of SIRT1 -1400 T>C
polymorphism among cases and controls in SCs of Punjab.
Figure 4.44: The allele and genotypic frequency distribution of SIRT1 -1400 T>C
polymorphism among cases and controls in pooled population of Punjab.
Figure 4.45: The allele and genotypic frequency distribution of SIRT1 -1400 T>C
polymorphism among cases and controls in males of Punjab.
Figure 4.46: The allele and genotypic frequency distribution of SIRT1 -1400 T>C
polymorphism among cases and controls in females of Punjab.

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