answerkey_forCD_MACIHC01_0131889761.QXD 2/3/11 12:15 PM Page 25 Student Workbook Answer Key CHAPTER 3 ANSWER KEY MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY REVIEW 1. Lysosomal storage disease: disorder caused by a missing or defective enzyme in lysosomes; causes molecules to build up in cells eventually killing the cells 2. Diabetes mellitus: a condition in which blood sugar becomes dangerously high due to decreased insulin production or insulin insensitivity. 3. Cancer: uncontrolled cell division which can spread around the body destroying healthy tissue 4. Metastasis: the spread of cancer cells to locations far from the origin of the cancer 5. Antibiotic: drugs which kill bacteria without harming the host cell 6. Antibiotics resistance: the ability of bacteria to survive antibiotic treatment; an important public health crisis 7. Familial hypercholesterolemia: inherited high blood cholesterol due to inefficient endocytosis. Severe forms of the disease cause heart attacks and strokes in patients younger than 20 years old. The moderate form, a relatively common disorder, causes dangerously high blood cholesterol in adults. 8. Pathogen: an organism which invades the body and causes disease 9. Virus: infectious particles consisting mainly of genetic material and a protein coat; hijack cellular machinery in order to reproduce 10. Bacteria: a prokaryotic cell that can be pathogenic. MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. b d d c a a c b d c b c 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. a b b c a b a b a c a c Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. b c d d c c c a b d b 25 answerkey_forCD_MACIHC01_0131889761.QXD 2/3/11 12:15 PM Page 26 26 Student Workbook Answer Key MATCHING EXERCISES Set 1 Set 2 Set 3 Set 4 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. g d c a i f b j h e i b h d c a j g e f a f i e d b j c h g j e a d i c b f g h FILL IN THE BLANK 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. Diffusion Phagocytosis Adenosine triphosphate Active transport pumps DNA Benign Virus K Spores Solute Phosphate Bacteria Mature RBC Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. Cell Malaria Diabetes mellitus Insulin Endocytosis Cilia ATP Enzyme Lysosomes Biopsy Pathogen Viral answerkey_forCD_MACIHC01_0131889761.QXD 2/3/11 12:15 PM Page 27 Student Workbook Answer Key SHORT ANSWER 1. The cell membrane is responsible for allowing materials into and out of the cell. 2. Protozoa can be found in water such as ponds and in soil. 3. Endoplasmic reticula (ER) are series of channels in the cytoplasm of the cell set up to serve as the road or transport system of the cell. The rough ER have ribosomes associated with their surface, and the smooth ER do not have ribosomes, and in addition to transport, they can produce steroids and lipids. 4. Passive transport requires no extra energy and includes such specific transports as diffusion, osmosis, and filtration. Active transport requires energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate and includes active pump, endocytosis, and exocytosis. 5. In filtration, pressure is applied to force water and its dissolved material across a membrane. 6. Type I diabetes, also known as juvenile diabetes, is an autoimmune disorder, typically diagnosed in patients under the age of 40. The destruction of the pancreas by the immune system decreases the amount of insulin produced. Type I diabetes must be treated by daily insulin injections. Type II diabetes, also known as late onset diabetes, is typically diagnosed in patients over 40. Type II diabetes is characterized by insulin resistance. The pancreas often makes enough insulin, but cells do not respond to it. Insulin resistance is often associated with obesity and a sedentary lifestyle. Type II diabetes, at least in its early stages, can often be treated by diet, exercise, and medication. Some patients with Type II diabetes will eventually need insulin injections. 7. Antibiotics do not kill viruses because chemicals that act as antibiotics target metabolic activities of bacterial cells. Since viruses are not cells, they are unaffected by antibiotics. The advantage of antibiotics is that they do not harm eukaryotic cells. Antiviral drugs, on the other hand, have side effects. Since viruses hijack your cells in order to reproduce, many antiviral drugs are only effective at stopping viruses because they stop your cells. Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 27 answerkey_forCD_MACIHC01_0131889761.QXD 2/3/11 12:15 PM Page 28 28 Student Workbook Answer Key LABELING ACTIVITIES 1. See Figure 3–11 in the textbook for comparison. Nucleus Cell membrane Nucleolus Ribosome Chromatin Rough endoplasmic reticulum Cytoplasm Lysosome Free ribosome Smooth endoplasmic reticulum Mitochondrion Golgi apparatus Centriole Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, New Jersey answerkey_forCD_MACIHC01_0131889761.QXD 2/3/11 12:15 PM Page 29 29 Student Workbook Answer Key 2. See Figure 3–3 in the textbook for comparison. Extracellular fluid Carbohydrate Proteins Cytoplasm Lipid bilayer Cholesterol Protein channel Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, New Jersey Phospholipids answerkey_forCD_MACIHC01_0131889761.QXD 2/3/11 12:15 PM Page 30 30 Student Workbook Answer Key 3. See Figures 3–14 and 3–15 in textbook for comparison. Chromosome Ribosome Cytoplasm Flagellum Cell wall Cell membrane Membranous envelope Capsid (protein coat) Nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) Spikes (protein) CASE STUDY 1. You would not give the little girl an antibiotic because her symptoms indicate a viral infection. 2. Viral infections are not affected by antibiotics. Giving unnecessary antibiotics increases the incidence of antibiotic resistant bacteria. 3. Giving antibiotics just to satisfy patients, when they don’t need an antibiotic, could actually make things worse in the long term. Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, New Jersey answerkey_forCD_MACIHC01_0131889761.QXD 2/3/11 12:15 PM Page 31 Student Workbook Answer Key CELL-RELATED DISEASES AND TREATMENTS ANSWER KEY 1 3 2 D T C Y S T I C F I B R O S A P 4 B E N 2 I 5 C B E G N 6 T S U R G E R Y 7 8 I S 9 A E D S I M A E 10 H Y P E R C H O L E S T E R O L E M I A L E K N I 11 U I O M C T 12 M A L O T N H C E R E R I T I U T A Y S A C H S B G N A N T 13 O T A I 14 P 15 T Y I R E S 3. A membrane channel abnormality that results in excessively thick mucus 4. Tumors that are slow growing, and tend not to invade healthy tissues 5. The treatment that involves cutting cancer cells out of the body 8. A disease characterized by excessively high LDL in the blood 12. Tumors that grow rapidly, invade other tissues, and metastasize to distant body parts 13. A lysosomal storage disorder; glycoproteins accumulate in the lysosomes because an important enzyme is missing 14. When a previously effective antibiotic stops killing a particular kind of bacteria, this is called antibiotic _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15. The type of diabetes that is related to destruction of insulin-producing cells Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, New Jersey S T A N C E S P E 1 Across I Down 1. The type of diabetes that is related to obesity and poor diet/exercise habits 2. A disease characterized by excessively high blood sugar 6. Using "energy" to target and destroy cancer cells 7. Chemicals (drugs) that kill rapidly dividing cells 9. Patients with this disease need to be very careful not to consume any phenylalanine 10. These are chemicals (drugs) used to kill bacteria 11. When the production of cells becomes out of control 31 answerkey_forCD_MACIHC01_0131889761.QXD 2/3/11 12:15 PM Page 32 32 Student Workbook Answer Key ORGANELLE WORD SCRAMBLE ANSWER KEY 1. OBEMSOISR e_ R b_ o_ __ _ _i _ s _ s om Organelles that manufacture proteins 2. EOCESRSNMTO _ _e _ C n _t _r _ s o_ s _ om __ e_ Structures involved in cell division 3. GROHUMCPLEIDSNAOCRUMTULEI Membrane folds inside the cell that have ribosomes stuck to them 4. AFLELGAL _ _i _c _ _o u_ _g _h _ p _l _ a_ En R _ _d _ o_ sm e _t _i _ _ _l _ _ R __ c u um F _l _ _ a_ e _l _l _ a g_ Whip-shaped tails seen on sperm cells 5. MCYASLTOP _ _y _t _o _p _l _a _s m C _ The gel-like substance inside the cell 6. GGLOIUAPPAATRS G _ _o _l _g _i A_ _ p_ p_ a _r _ a _t _ u_ s The organelle that processes cell products for "shipping" 7. ELLCMNEBRMEA _ _e _l _l C M _ _b _r _a _ n_ e _ _e m A structure that controls what substances come in and out of the cell 8. TAIIOCOHDMNR _ _i _t _o _c _ n_ a M h_ o_ d _r _i _ The organelles that produce ATP 9. YOLOESSMS L_ _ s _ om __ e_ s y _ s_ o_ Contain enzymes that can destroy debris and bacteria 10. TEOLCEYONTKS _ _y _t _o _s _k _e _l _e _t _o _ n C Filaments that provide shape to the cell and mobility to cell contents 11. AILCI C _ _i _l _i _a Short, hair-like projections seen on the outer surface of some cells 12. OMSSMOHOECR o_ om C _ _h _r _o m __ e_ s s _ __ Structures in the nucleus made of DNA 13. NSCEUUL The "brains" of the cell Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, New Jersey N _ _u _c _l _e _ u_ s answerkey_forCD_MACIHC01_0131889761.QXD 2/3/11 12:15 PM Page 33 Student Workbook Answer Key WORKSHEET ANSWER KEYS Worksheet #1 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. D A F E C B F J A H G I B C K D E F F F F A C Cellular respiration We inhale oxygen so it can be combined with glucose to produce ATP. Carbon dioxide develops as a waste product of ATP production. We exhale this carbon dioxide to remove it from the body. Worksheet #2 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. C F B A G E D F F F F F T F F T T F Sweat testing, genetic testing Diet soda may be sweetened with aspartame, an artificial sweetener that contains phenylalanine. Patients with PKU lack the enzyme needed to metabolize phenylalanine. Type 1 Type 2 Type 1 Type 2 Cilia. Cilia normally are designed to sweep foreign particles (including bacteria. out of the cell. If they are paralyzed, bacteria will be able to enter the respiratory tract more easily. Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 33 answerkey_forCD_MACIHC01_0131889761.QXD 2/3/11 12:15 PM Page 34 34 Student Workbook Answer Key LABELING ACTIVITY ANSWER KEY Chromosome Ribosome Cytoplasm Flagellum Cell wall Cell membrane Bacillus (rod-shaped) Name of organism Is it a kind of bacteria? Yes Diplococci Name of organism Streptococci Name of organism Is it a kind of bacteria? Yes Is it a kind of bacteria? Yes Staphylococci Name of organism Is it a kind of bacteria? Yes Membranous envelope Capsid (protein coat) Nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) Spikes (protein) Virus Name of organism Is it a kind of bacteria? No Aspergillus Name of organism Is it a kind of bacteria? No Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, New Jersey Amoeba Name of organism Is it a kind of bacteria? No answerkey_forCD_MACIHC01_0131889761.QXD 2/3/11 12:15 PM Page 35 CONCEPT MAP ANSWER KEY PKU Bacteria Viruses Intracellular parasites hijack cell machinery, ultimately destroying the cell. Abnormally rapid, uncontrolled mitosis Diseases of the Cell Missing enzyme in lysosomes results in cellular glycoprotein accumulation. Smoking Related Respiratory Infections Smoking causes paralysis of cilia. Diseases of Organelle Functions Diseases of Membrane Functions Malformed sodium transport channels cause excessively thick mucus secretions. Familial Hypercholesterolemia Abnormalities in Abnormal insulin cause endocytosis impaired of LDL facilitated diffusion results in of glucose excess cholesterol into the cell. in the bloodstream. Diabetes Mellitus Lack of glucose in the cell results in using unusual sources of energy (like proteins and fats) to make ATP. Diseases of General Cell Activities Cellular Damage Created by Other Micro-organisms Micro-organisms that can sometimes secrete damaging toxins Genetic absence of enzyme needed to metabolize dietary phenylalanine Cancer Tay Sachs Cystic Fibrosis Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 35 Student Workbook Answer Key