Three types of writing 私 は カナダ • Kanji • Hiragana • Katakana に 行きます。 Kanji 漢字 • Chinese or native-Japanese origin • used for whole words • used for parts of words such as verbs Hiragana • • • • ひらがな 48 characters phonetic syllabary used for Japanese words with no kanji used for grammar such as prepositions, verb conjugations Katakana • • • • カタカナ 48 characters phonetic syllabary used for foreign words used to show emphasis ie onomatopoeia Romaji ローマ字 • roman alphabet used to show the pronunciation of Japanese words • used for learners of Japanese only Pronunciation はつおん • 5 short vowels pronounced a あ i い u う e え o お • Similar to: Ah, we soon get old. • long vowel sounds ā ああ ii or ī いい ū うう ē or ei ええ えい ō おう おお • doubling of a single vowel so should have a long continuous sound • all other sounds are formed with a consonant and a vowel k ka ki ku s sa shi su se so さしすせそ t ta chi tsu te to たちつてと n na ni nu ne no なにぬねの h ha m ma mi mu me mo まみむめも y ya yo や ゆ よ r ra ri ru re ro らりるれろ g ga gi gu ge go がぎぐげご z za ji zu ze zo ざじずぜぞ d da ji zu de do だぢづでど b ba bi bu be bo ばびぶべぼ p pa pi pu pe po ぱぴぷぺぽ hi fu ke ko he ho yu かきくけこ はひふへほ • ん ‘n’ is the only independent sound • nasal sound • syllables beginning with b,m,p the ‘n’ sound is more like ‘m’ • four double consonants - kk, pp, ss, and tt • in hiragana they are represented by a small tsu っ • double consonants indicate a small pause so the mouth can prepare for the pronunciation of the next syllable • consonants combine with ya, yu and yo k kya kyu kyo きゃ きゅ きょ s sha shu sho しゃ しゅ しょ c cha chu cho ちゃ ちゅ ちょ n nya nyu nyo にゃ にゅ にょ h hya hyu hyo ひゃ ひゅ ひょ m mya myu myo みゃ みゅ みょ r rya ryu りゃ りゅ りょ g gya gyu gyo ぎゃ ぎゅ ぎょ j ja ju jo じゃ じゅ じょ b bya byu byo びゃ びゅ びょ p pya pyu pyo ぴゃ ぴゅ ぴょ ryo
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