Introduction 序論 - グローバルCOEプログラム極端気象と適応社会の

Introduction to sustainability/ survivability science
生存科学概論
• 2010 Inter-Graduate School Educational program Subjects
平成２２年度研究科横断型教育プログラム（Aタイプ）授業科目
• A Global COE program (GCOE-ARS) subject [compulsory]
グローバルCOEプログラム（GCOE-ARS）科目［必修］
• Second Semester Thursday 8:45-10:15
後期木曜日第１限 8:45-10:15
• 2 units
2単位
• In English with some Japanese supplement for technical/special
words.
英語科目。ただし、専門用語などについて若干の日本語説明
有り。
Introduction to sustainability/ survivability science
生存科学概論
• Class Rooms: Katsura C-192, Agriculture School W402, Uji HS109
(simultaneous inter-campus lecture by Internet)
教室：桂C-192・農学部W402・宇治HS109（インターネット遠隔講義）
• One of the Inter-Graduate School Educational Program subjects (Type
A)
研究科横断型教育プログラム（Aタイプ）授業科目
• Lecturers: Prof. Takara (DPRI) and others
講師：寶教授（防災研）ほか
• Teaching Assistants (TA): Mr. Langhi Manoj Kumar Namdeo
(Katsura C-192), Ms Hatsumi Umakoshi (Agriculture W402), Mr
Ryuji Yoshida (Uji HS109)
TA: 桂（C-192: Manoji）、農学部（W402 馬越）、宇治（HS１０９吉田）
Class Schedule 講義日程
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10/07 Introduction 序論
10/14 Examples (1) 種々の実例
10/21 Examples (2)
10/28 Global warming and mitigation (1) 地球温暖化とその軽減
11/04 Global warming and mitigation (2)
11/11 Global warming and mitigation (3)
11/18 Extreme weather and its prediction (1) 極端気象とその予測
11/25 Extreme weather and its prediction (2)
12/02 Adaptation (1) 適応策
12/09 Adaptation (2)
12/16 Adaptation (3)
01/13 Discussions (1) 討論
01/20 Discussions (2)
01/27 Discussions (3)
02/03 Summary まとめ
Introduction to sustainability/ survivability science
生存科学概論
•
Course Description
授業の概要・目的
There are many threats for human beings on •
the earth: medicine/infectious diseases, food,
population, energy, water, environment and
natural hazards and disasters. This class gives
how to cope with these for human beings and
societies. If we realized sustainable society,
there are still catastrophes that we have to
face. This class considers how to survive
such catastrophic situations. Especially
focused on are frequent and amplified
extreme weather due to climatic change (or
global warming) and subsequent severe
disasters, water and environmental problems.
Concepts and technologies for these
problems are introduced, discussing the
future perspectives of our society, science
and technology based on various aspects and
examples of climate, culture and ways of life
in the world.
地球社会の安全・安心を脅かす様々な
事象が存在する。医療・感染症、食料、
人口、エネルギー、水、環境、自然災
害などである。これらに対して人間や
社会はどのように対処していけばよい
かを講述する。持続可能な社会を目指
し、そうした社会を実現・継続できたとし
ても、さらになお直面する脅威は残り続
ける。その脅威に対して生き残る術を
考える。特に、地球温暖化に伴う極端
な気象現象の頻発化・増大化とそれに
伴って生じる激甚な災害、水問題、環
境問題に焦点を当てて、それに対処す
るための考えかたや技術を考察する。
世界各地の風土・文化や思想的な側
面の実例を交えながら、社会や科学・
技術の未来のありかたを議論する。
A New Inter-Graduate School Educational Program
Sustainability/Survivability Science
for a Resilient Society Adaptable to
Extreme Weather Conditions
2009-2014
by
Kyoto University
Disaster Prevention Research Institute (DPRI)
Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere (RISH)
Graduate School of Science
Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies
Graduate School of Engineering
Graduate School of Agriculture
Graduate School of Informatics
Earth at Night by C. Mayhew & R. Simmon (NASA/GSFC), NOAA/NGDC, DMSP Digital Archive
http://veimages.gsfc.nasa.gov/1438/earth_lights_lrg.jpg
Night scene of the earth
— What this indicates?
Earth at Night by C. Mayhew & R. Simmon (NASA/GSFC), NOAA/NGDC, DMSP Digital Archive
http://veimages.gsfc.nasa.gov/1438/earth_lights_lrg.jpg
Population density
http://veimages.gsfc.nasa.gov/116/pop_density.jpg
（NASA）
humans and
Night scene—Concentration
What thisofmeans
? assets
Concentration of
population and assets
(possibility of
catastrophic disasters)
人口・資産の集中
（大災害の可能性）
Advancement of
civilization
(strong? / vulnerable?
against disasters?)
文明の発展
（災害に強い?
逆に脆弱？）
Energy consumption
(accelerating global
warming)
エネルギーの消費
（温暖化に荷担）
Continuous population growth in the world
世界で増え続ける人口
アジア・
アフリカ
近年の
主な水害
中国（07年夏期）
中国全土で豪雨による
洪水災害により死者行
方不明者1,300名以上。
北朝鮮（07年8月）
一週間にわたる豪雨による
洪水により死者行方不明者
600人以上。
チャド（1960年代〜）
チャド・ニジェール・ナイ
ジェリア・カメルーンにま
たがる国際湖沼のチャド湖
の面積21,000 km2 が10分の1
に激減。
日本（04年9月）
台風23号による
豪雨で由良川、
円山川で破堤。
近畿で死者43名。
この年は10個の
台風が上陸し、
全国で死者250人。
兵庫県・円山川
日本（06年7月）
総雨量1200mmを
超える大雨で、
川内川、米之津
川などが氾濫。
5,000棟を超え
る家屋が被災。
鹿児島県・川内川
モザンビーク（00年2
月）
サイクロンによる
豪雨・大洪水。死者・630
人、被災者200万人。農地
の22％が浸水。翌年も連続
して大洪水発生。
インド（05年7，8
月）モンスーン大雨
による洪水・土砂災害。
死者行方不明者約1,000
人以上。
ﾊﾞﾝｸﾗﾃﾞｼｭ（07年11
月）大型サイクロン
「シドル」がバンクラ
ディッシュ南部に上陸、
死者・行方不明者4千
人以上、被災者８百万
人以上。
ミャンマー（08年5
月）
大型サイクロン「ナル
ギス」がイラワジ・デ
ルタに上陸、死者・行
方不明者14万人、被災
者240万人。
フィリピン（06年2
月）
レイテ島において大雨
のあと小規模地震で地
すべりが発生、一村埋
没。死者・行方不明者
1,100人。
気象災害の推移（保険での補償も増
加）
Mission Statement of Kyoto University (1)
Kyoto University states its mission to sustain and develop its
historical commitment to academic freedom and to pursue
harmonious coexistence within human and ecological
community on this planet.
Research:
• Kyoto University will generate world-class knowledge
through freedom and autonomy in research that conforms
with high ethical standards.
• As a university that comprehends many graduate schools,
faculties, research institutes and centres, Kyoto University
will strive for diverse development in pure and applied
research in the humanities, sciences and technology,
while seeking to integrate these various perspectives.
Mission Statement of Kyoto University (2)
Education:
• Within its broad and varied educational structure, Kyoto
University will transmit high-quality knowledge and
promote independent and interactive learning.
• Kyoto University will educate outstanding and humane
researchers and specialists, who will contribute
responsibly to the world’s human and ecological
community.
Relationship with society:
• As a university committed to a broad social engagement,
Kyoto University will encourage cooperation with local
and national society, and will disseminate knowledge
informed by the ideals of freedom and peaceful
coexistence.
• As an international institution, Kyoto University will
promote foreign academic exchange and thereby strive
to contribute to the well-being of the world.
Individual science cannot totally solve
Global Issues
Threatening Human Survivability
We need
integrated interdisciplinary implementation science
for harmonious coexistence of the global society
Sustainability/
Survivability
Science
Food
Medicine/
Infectious
diseases
We deal with
Population
Impacts of
Climate Change
Energy
Disaster
Environment
Extreme
Weather
Water
Sustainability/Survivability Science
Background
Extreme weather amplified by global warming
Frequent disasters exceeding societal capacity
River
flow
Floods
Societal
capacity
Droughts
Present
time
- Requires adaptation, augmentation of societal
capacity against extreme weather/water conditions
- Requires human resources who continuously
consider adaptation measures for the future
- Quite GLOBAL issue
- Crucial for Asia, Africa and Pacific regions
Urgent needs to establish proper
educational systems
- Research and wisdom for
many years
- Dynamic educational
system of researchers,
educators and students
New Challenge
Integrated InterGraduate-School
Educational Unit
To promote
sustainability +
survivability science
for a resilient society
adaptable to extreme
weather/water
conditions
To establish a
GCOE (Global
Center of Excellence)
Sustainability/Survivability Science
Extreme weather amplified by global warming
Frequent disasters exceeding societal capacity
River
flow
Floods
Societal
capacity
Droughts
Present
time
Catastrophic disaster risk will increase.
Is “sustainability science” enough?
Sustainability/Survivability Science
Extreme weather amplified by global warming
Frequent disasters exceeding societal capacity
River
flow
Catastrophe
Floods
Societal
capacity
Catastrophe
Droughts
Present
time
Societal capacity should be sustained or
improved by “sustainability science”.
Catastrophic disasters will be still there!
Sustainability/Survivability Science
Extreme weather amplified by global warming
Frequent disasters exceeding societal capacity
River
flow
Catastrophe
How
can
Societal
capacity we
surCatastrophe
vive?
Floods
Droughts
Present
time
We need “sustainability science”
+ “survivability science”
to cope with catastrophic disasters.
Sustainability/Survivability Science
Extreme weather amplified by global warming
Frequent disasters exceeding societal capacity
River
flow
Floods
Societal
capacity
Droughts
Present
How
can
we
survive?
time
“Survivability science” makes up
(compensates) “sustainability science.”
Continuing Population Growth in Asia
and Africa
We know the facts.
We know the facts.
Natural Disasters in the World
Among the causes of
natural disasters,
flood disaster is
remarkably increasing
in these decades in
the world.
Especially in humid
Asia, flood problems
are crucial in their
seriousness and
frequency.
Water-related disasters: major issue
We know the facts.
Huge Natural Disasters
Tremendous human damages
Indian Ocean Tsunami
Myanmar Cyclone
Economic loss
Hurricane Katrina
Great Kobe Earthquake
We knowDamages
the facts.
are mainly in Asia
Europe
Africa
America
Asia
40～50%
No. of events
Asia
>70%
Dearthtoll
Asia
>90%
Affected people
Asia
>50%
Econimic loss
Landslide prone areas with heavy rains and tectonic activities such as
earthquakes, volcanoes, faulting and ground deformation (Asian WetTectonic(2003年
zone) – 2006年)
地すべり発生分布図
Major Landslide Events (2003-2006, NASA)
韓国
日本
タイ
中国
フィリピン
アジア湿潤変動帯
Asian Wet-Tectonic zone
インドネシア
We know the facts.
mm
Annual Precipitation of the past 8 years (TRMM, NASA)
アジア湿潤変動帯
Asian Wet-Tectonic Zone
NASA/IPL 2007
New Interdisciplinary Educational Unit
“Sustainability/Survivability Science for a Resilient
Society Adaptable to Extreme Weather Conditions”
Disaster Prevention Research
Institute (DPRI)
Graduate School Humanity
+
of Global
ScienceEnvironmental
Engineering
Studies
Department of
Environment
Management (DEM)
International
Organizations
Research Institute for Sustainable
Humanosphere (RISH)
Science
+
Engineering
Graduate
Schools of
Engineering,
Informatics, and
Agriculture
Integrated Earth
Science Hub
Graduate School of
Science
Division of Earth and Planetary
Sciences (DEPS)
Domestic/Overseas Research Fields
Domestic/Overseas
Universities/Institution
s
How to realize it： Inter-Graduate-School Educational Unit
Compound eyes approach
Researchers, Educators and Students with various
specialties tackle global issues
Sustainability+Survivability
Educational Unit
Engi-
Infrastructures
Planning
Forecasting neering
A.I.
Science
Meteorology
Climatology
Numerical models
Global warming
Agricultural risk
Agriculture Food security
Forests
Science
+
Engineering
Humanity
+
ScienceEngineering
Global Desertification
Environ. Policy science
Studies Int’l cooperation
Socio-economic
Informatics
RISH
DPRI
Global observation/monitoring Natural hazards
Detection of abnormal weather Disaster Management
Psycology
Disaster information
Risk communication
Two Research Institutes (DPRI and RISH) will take a lead of this program
グローバルＣＯＥ拠点「極端気象と適応社会の生存科学」（平成21年度開始）
どう実現するのか：学際連携組織として「教育ユニット」を設置
多くの分野の研究者・学生が知恵を出し合い、
複合的な視点でグローバルな課題に取り組む
極端気象と適応社会の生存科学
教育ユニット
農学
工学
社会基盤施設
計画学
予報技術研究科
人工知能
農業被害
食料問題
研究科森林保全
文理融合
砂漠化
地球環境政策科学
理工融合
理学
学堂・学舎国際協力
研究科
社会経済
情報学
気象学・気候学
生存圏
防災
研究科
数値モデル・予測
災害情報
研究所
研究所
地球温暖化
集団心理、心のケア
グローバルな観測・監視技自然災害、防災・減リスク・コミュニケーシ
術災
異常気象の検知危機管理、復旧・復
各研究科の協力講座としても優れた教育実績をもつ両研究所が融合研究教育に主体的に参画
Educational Unit for Adaptation and
Resilience for a Sustainable Society
(GCOE-ARS),
Center for the Promotion of
Interdisciplinary Education and research
(CPIER),
Kyoto University
has been established on April 1, 2010
Field investigations for
Implementation science
- for education of implementation science
- On the Job Training, in the field training
- Forming international research and
educational networks through research
sites and neighboring fields
- Human networks to be continuous
◆： DPRI’s research fields
◆： RISH’s MU radar system
◆： Graduate School of Science’s research fields
Ujigawa
Hydraulics Lab.
MU Radar in
Shigaraki
MoU
■ DPRI 28
■ RISH 12
Overseas res. fields
▲ DPRI
▲ RISH
▲ DEPS
▲ Others
Research sites at
Niger, Kenya (or
Tanzania), India,
Thailand, Indonesia
and Fiji
Sustainability/Survivability Science for a Resilient
Society Adaptable to Extreme Weather Conditions
Basic concept of education
Producing leading researchers, international elites and local elites who
have a mission and moral sense to overcome threats that humans are (will
be) facing, to bring happiness and welfare and to contribute to
sustainable/survivable society.
Growing specialists with generalist’s views (generalists with specialist’s
views), who can consider disasters environmental changes as
consequences of interaction between natural and social phenomena
through inter-graduate-school educational system.
Producing such elites with obligatory field research, advanced observations,
experiments and investigations, practical prediction and impact assessment,
who can be policy-making, have relevant judgment at disaster sites, and
have a wide range of activities.
Global links with many overseas organizations
UNESCO (United Nations
Educational, Scientific and
MoU
Cultural Organization)
UNITWIN Program
(2003- )
DPRI
RISH
28 MoUs
12 MoUs
21st
Century
COE
Project
(20032007)
ICL
(International Consortium on
Landslides)
UN-ISDR
（UN-International Strategy for
Disaster Reduction）
Participating
AIT （Asian Institute of
APRU
AEARU
AUN/
SEED-Net
G.S. of
Science
G.S. of
Engineering
G.S. of
Informatics
International
Innovation
Center (IIC)
G.S. of
Agriculture
MoU
Assiut University
(Egypt)
Exchange programs
Jomo Kenyatta Univ. of
Agriculture and
Technology (Kenya)
Institute of Technology,
Indonesia)
International Summer
School: 180 students
from 18 countiries
UNU (United Nations
MoU
University, Tokyo)
UNU-EHS (Env. and
Human Security, Bonn)
ICSU (International
Council for Science)
Integrated Research on
Disaster Reduction
(IRDR, 2008- )
MoU
Technology）
G.S. for Disaster Management
Master Program, 2008〜
Ph.D. Program, 2009〜
Networks of AsiaPacific Universities
G.S. of
Global Env.
Studies
ITB (Bandung
SOPAC
To be
linked
(Pacific Islands Applied
Geoscience
Commission)
University of Dar es Field Research
and Education
Salaam (Tanzania)
ICRISAT-Niamey (International Crop Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics)
+ Niamey University (Niger)
with
African
countries
Field studies: Social adaptation based on scientific
understandings
Theme 1: Scientific understandings
Science-Engineering Interdisciplinary
Research on Monitoring and Prediction of
Extreme Weather, Water Cycle and Disaster
Contingency
Satellite Observations
Hi-Reso Met. Models
Observation/
monitoring
systems
Quantitative
modeling and
forecasting
Theme 2: Social adaptation
Integrated Social-Natural Sciences Research
Towards the Creation of a Sustainable Society
Adaptable to Global Environmental Change
Requirements for
better
adaptation
Disaster
reduction,
management
measures
Possible disaster
info, to people
Understanding
extreme conditions in
Asia Africa & Pacific
Flood in Jakarta
Policy reflecting
scientific & tech.
consideration to
social adaptation
Soil erosion in Niger
To establish strategic
science for
adaptation and its
application to real
world
Interact each other
- Doing research at the same sites together having common recognition of the problems.
- Themes 1 and 2 Joint Workshop held periodically and exchanges information and views
- An interdisciplinary paper journal will be established for dissemination of research outcomes.
Outline of Program Curriculum
Ph.D.
Course
(advanced
specialized
knowledge
and skills)
Master
Course
(basic
knowledge
and skills)
Science
Program Certificate + Ph.D. from each Graduate School
Field investigation, Internship, Interdisciplinary
Seminars and International Schools combined with
Degree Study
New subjects for
Science-Engineering
New subjects for
Social-Natural
Science-Engineering
Basic subjects for Individual Graduate Schools already provided
Engineering
Global Env.
Studies
Disaster Prevention Research Institute
Informatics
Agriculture
Graduate Schools
Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere
Field study, Internship and International
Summer School combined with Degree Study
Example of Ph.D. Study
Typical
study plan
Ph.D.
Course
１年目
1st
Year
２年目
2nd
Year
３年目
3rd
Year
Theme selection
Degree
study
Finalizing
Degree study (Filed investigation/
the thesis
experiment/analysis)
Research plan/method
Inf. collection (literature review, field observations/experiments/investigations)
Information dissemination (presentation at international conferences)
Identification of problems
Long-term internship
Problem-oriented research
(overseas, selective)
Exercise/
Field
study
Course
work/
Lectures
Int’l
school
Short-term
internship
Int’l
school
Int’l
school
Interdisciplinary seminar (continuous supervision by professors with
different specialties)
International experiences
Interdisciplinary subjects
of presenting, discussing
Inter-Grad-School
and lecturing
Basic subjects in the G.S.
Education
20
/year
Regular Japanese students
Working students
International students
Program Certificate +
Ph.D. in the G.S.
Cooperation for
study and job
Researcher/Educator/PD: University/Institution
Local Elite/Decision Makers: Local Gov., Enterprise
Int’l Elite：Int’l Org., Int’l enterprise, Overseas Gov.
Why we focus on Asia, Africa and Pacific regions
Unsolved
scientific issues
Strong solar radiation, abundant water vapor and their
variation causes extreme weather and water conditions
(advanced study and academic interests)
Urgent social
and global issues
Vulnerable societies with insufficient adaptation capacity
and resiliency against extreme weather, disasters and
environmental changes (need for human development and
application of adaptation measures)
International
issues to be
continued and
expanded
vulnerability
International academic cooperation for many
years makes the program implementation very
easy and effective (expanding confident mutual
relationship and networks)
Asia
Africa
Pacific
N. America
W. Europe
resiliency
Adaptation measures
need to be fitting and
harmonizing local
situation, climate and
culture
This program calls for
• International students to Kyoto University:
Graduate Schools of Science, Engineering,
Agriculture, Informatics and Global
Environmental Studies
• Excellent overseas professors/researches
invited as adjunct professors (3/year)
• Young educators/researchers: hired as
Associate/Assistant Professors, PostDoctoral Fellows (4-8/year)
• Internship sites/institutions (overseas, in
Japan)
• Research proposals from students/young
Program’s significance and perspectives
Creation of New Scientific and Educational Discipline
Sustainability + Survivability Science
= Implementation Science for Harmonious Co-existence of
Global Societies
This program for adaptation is located in
Kyoto, which is also very famous for global
warming mitigation (Kyoto Protocol).
Features and future: the GCOE program
- Produces outstanding and humane researchers and
international and local elites who will contribute to the
sustainable and survivable future of the earth.
- Promotes top-level international research and education
activities and contribute to international society, especially
focusing on Asia, Africa and Pacific regions
- Continues and develops possibly to incorporate other areas
such as medicine/infectious diseases, energy, population
and food problems.
GCOE-ARS Inaugural Symposium
and Workshop
Uji Campus, Kyoto University, January 12-14, 2010
196 participants from 27 countries
(82 non-Japanese)
Symposium
Opening
Session at
Kihada Hall,
Uji Campus on
January 13,
2010
GCOE-ARS
Workshop on Science and Education
Uji Campus, D-1518, DPRI, Kyoto University,
August 23, 2010
and
International Symposium on a Robust and
Resilient Society against Natural Hazards
& Environmental Disasters and the third
AUN/Seed-Net Regional Conference on
Geo-Disaster Mitigation
Uji Campus, Kyoto University
August 24-26, 2010
Four-leaf clover
= a symbol of happiness
Reminding us of four pillars
1.Advanced Research
2.Interdisciplinary Approach
3.Capacity building
4.Global Center of Excellence
ARS (Latin) = ART (English)
An aphorism by Ancient
physician Hippocrates
ars longa, vita brevis (Latin) Greek
(460 BC-370BC)
= Art is long, life is short (English)
= 芸術は長く、人生は短し (Japanese)
Our lives are short, however, if we do good research,
it will be continued/loved over generations.
Global COE Program
「極端気象と適応社会の生存科学」
Sustainability/Survivability Science
for a Resilient Society Adaptable to
Extreme Weather Conditions
http://ars.gcoe.kyoto-u.ac.jp/

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