zurab kiknaZe mosedan mefობაmde israelis istoria egviptidan gamosvlidan qanaanSi damkvidrebamde, vidre israelianebi mefes daisvamdnen, xelmZRvanelobis TvalsazrisiT or periodad SegviZlia gavyoT. pirveli periodi mTlianad ekuTvnis udabnos xanas, rodesac israelianebi moses winamZRolobiT miemarTebian aRTqmuli qveynisaken da roca ieso naves Zis winamZRolobiT ibrZvian qveynis dapatronebisTvis. moses winamZRolobis tipi xarizmatulia: mose marTavs xalxs im sulis meSveobiT, romelic davanebuli iyo masze sinais gamocxadebidan mTeli misi cxovrebis ganmavlobaSi. arc erTi sityva, romelic misi piridan gamovida, arc erTi nabiji, romelic man gadadga am gzaze, RvTis nebis gareSe ar Tqmula da ar gadadgmula. yoveli misi sityva da qceva RvTis nebiT aris ganpirobebuli. moses arasodes uTqvams: me vambob. moses wignebSi gacxadebuli misi xelmZRvanelobis formulaa: `ase ambobs ufali RmerTi~, es formula gasdevs mTel xuTwigneuls, sadac ufali moses piriT laparakobs. moses avtoriteti mTlianad RvTis gangebis gamocxadebazea damyarebuli, is mxolod da mxolod gamocxadebis WurWelia da, ramdenad sufTaa es WurWeli da ar aris damZimebuli misi pirovnuli nebiT, imdenad mtkicea misi avtoriteti da imdenad warmatebulia misi winamZRoloba. erTaderT Sefasebas misi pirovnebisa am TvalsazrisiT, TiTqos konteqstidan amovardnils, erT lakoniur frazaSi amovikiTxavT: `kaci mose yvela adamianze Tvinieri (yanav) iyo dedamiwis zurgze~ (ricxv 12:3). ras niSnavs aseTi daxasiaTeba? sityvisTvis yanav ZiriTadia morCileba, mosmenisa da sakuTari Tavis moTrgunvis, damdablebis _ sabolood, daTmobis unari, rac esoden arsebiTia uflis rCeulisTvis, romelmac uxinjod unda miitanos uflis sityva adamianebamde. Tvinieria da damTmobi mose mxolod uflis nebis winaSe. damTmobio, imitom vambobT, rom sinas mTis gamocxadebis dros, roca man miiRo arcTu advili misia xalxis amoyvanisa egviptidan, mas uxdeba sakuTari nebis daTmoba uflis nebis winaSe. araferi saxarbielo misTvis ar unda yofiliyo egvipteSi dabruneba, sadac man faraonis karze da mTel qveyanaSi mkvlelis saxeli datova. iq, midianelTa Soris, sadac is Seefara, man axali cxovreba daiwyo, SesaZloa, sruliad daiviwya Tavisi xalxi, romelic ase umadurad moeqca mas. winamZRolobis is tipi, romelsac kaci mose axorcielebda udabnoSi mgzavrobis dros, xasiaTdeba rogorc uSualo Teokratia, anu RvTis xelisufleba Tavisi wmida saxiT, roca winamZRoli marTavs ara sakuTari pirovnuli ZaliT, aramed RvTisgan moniWebuli madliT. riTi gansxvavdeba moseseuli winamZRoloba aaroniseuli winamZRolobisgan, ufali xom am ori pirovnebis meSveobiT marTavda xalxs (`uZeRu viTarca cxovarsa ersa Sensa ÃeliTa mosesiTa da aharonisiTa~, fsalm. 76-21)? arsebiTad imiT, rom igi xarizmatulia da memkvidreobiT ar gadaicema, xolo aaronis winamZRoloba mamidan Svilze gadadis. aaronis Zeni inawileben samRvdelo funqciebs da monawileoben saritualo qmedebebSi, magram moses Svilebs, Tumca isini saxeldebiT cnobilni arian, araviTari wili mamis mmarTvelobaSi ara aqvT, isini arc arafriT gamoirCevian, arc ixsenebian raime mniSvnelovan konteqstSi. moses xarizma maTze ver gadava, Tu Tavad xarizmis wyarom, ufalma, ar amoarCia isini. Teokratiuli tvirTi, romelsac xarizma akisrebs adamians da avtoritetiT mosavs, yovelTvis moulodnelia _ arafriT ganpirobebuli ar aris. mis matarebels ara aqvs aqvs genelogia, is uistorioa da swored amaSia misi Zala 1 (amis magaliTad SegviZlia salemis mefe da mRvdeli melqisedeki gavixsenoT). vin iyo mose sinais gamocxadebamde? SeiZleba gvefiqra, rom mis arCevaSi gaTvaliswinebulia misi warmoSoba, ufro sworad, aRzrda faraonis karze, rom is, rogorc faraonis asulis naSvilebi, faraonis potenciuri memkvidre iyo. magram gamocxadebaSi am garemoebas yuradReba ar eqceva. Tumca ver gamovricxavT mis im Tvisebas, romelic egviptidan misi gaqcevis mizezi gaxda. samarTlianobis maZiebeli umadurobis msxverpli xdeba. mose egviptidan aris devnili, rogorc mkvleli, romelsac yovelgvari kavSiri gawyvetili aqvs Tavis adrindel cxovrebasTan, Tavis umadur xalxTan. misiis miRebis droisTvis igi erTi ubralo mwyemsia, midianeli mRvdlis ojaxSi CasiZebuli, romelic Tavidan iwyebs cxovrebas. roca misiis aRsasruleblad egvipteSi mivlinebuls SeekiTxebian, Tu vin xar, man unda upasuxos, rom mama-papis RmerTma gamogzavna, `RmerTma abraamisa, isakisa da iakobisa~ _ es aris misi genealogia. mis avtoritets RvTiuri warmomavloba aqvs. amrigad, xarizma, rogorc RvTis madli, romelic ar ar aris ganpirobebuli adamianis raime RirsebiT, ar eqvemdebareba gadacemas, magram moses SemTxvevaSi vxedavT, rom moseze gadmosul qarizmatul suls ufali unawilebs karavTan Sekrebil samocdaaT rCeuls, raTa Seumsubuqos tvirTi moses: `(ufalma) aiRo nawili sulisagan, moseze rom iyo, da gaunawila samocdaaT uxucess~ (ricx. 11:25). maT Soris ar aris ieso naves Ze, _ is ar iyo tomis uxucesi _ Tumca moses Semdeg mas miendo xalxis winamZRoloba. ieso naves Zis winamZRoloba Tumca imave tipis aris, rogoric mosesi, anu isic xarizmatulia, ver utoldeba moseseul winamZRolobas ara im mizeziT, rom mose pirovnulad aris aRmatebuli masze. iesoze xarizma rom uSualod RvTisgan gadmosuliyo, is meore mose iqneboda. winamZRolobis uflebamosilebiT iesos aRWurvisas ar aris laparaki xarizmis gadacemaze arc uSualod uflisagan. ieso naves Ze, rogorc erTguli msaxuri da Tanamdgomi mosesi, iniSneba mis memkvidred, romelmac bolomde unda miiyvanos moses dawyebuli saqme. mose mxolod amxnevebs mas, anu uwiladebs Tavisi mxneobis suls: `gamagrdi da ganmtkicdi, radgan Sen Seiyvan israelianebs qveyanaSi, romelic aRvuTqvi mas. me viqnebi SenTan~ (ricx. 31:23). am ukanaskneli frazidan gamomdinare, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom iesos xarizma Tavad mosea, romlis suli mudam masTn iqneba misi sikvdilis Semdegac. iesos xarizmatuloba moses mier mis xeldasxmulobaSi gamoixateba. xeldasxma ki ritualuri aqtia da misgan miniWebuli xarizma, cxadia, ulismier xarizmas ver gautoldeba. `ieso naves Ze avsili iyo sibrZnis suliT, radgan xeli daasxa mas mosem, da emorCilebodnen israelianebi, rogorc ubrZana mosem~ (ricx. 33:9). rogorc sibrZnis suli gansxvavdeba uSualod uflisgan gadmomavali xarizmisgan, aseve gansxvavdeba iesos winamZRoloba moses winamZRolobisgan. sxvaa xarizma, sxvaa sibrZne. iesos israelianebi moses avtoritetiT emorCilebian, rogorc moses xeldasxmuls, moses ki _ rogorc uSualod RvTis xeldasxmuls, uflisgan gadmomavali xarizmiT avsils. amrigad, rogorc Cans, israelianTa istoriis pirvel etapze, roca winamZRolobis amocana egviptidan gamosuli xalxis ara mxolod erT xalxad, aramed RvTis erad formireba iyo, am istoriuli amocanis optimalurad ganxorcieleba Teokratiuli mmarTvelobis meSveobiT iyo SesaZlebeli. meore etapi israelis adreuli istoriisa moicavs qveynis mopovebas da masze damkvidrebas, rac upiratesad adamianur qmedebebze, sabrZolo strategiazea damokidebuli, amitomac TiTqos aRar moitxovda uSualo Teokratiuli winamZRolobas. qveyana qanaani ufalma am xalxs aRTqmisamebr misca, mis sazRvrebamde miiyvana, misi dapyroba ki maTgan adamianur Zalisxmevas moiTxovda. Tumca uflis Careva am procesSic ar 2 gamoiricxa, winandeburad winamZRoli (ieso naves Ze) uflis nebas imowmebs, magram mowmoba isev da isev moses avtoritetiT aris gaSualebuli. marTalia, ufali eubneba iesos, rom mis gverdiT iqneba, iseve rogorc moses gverdiT iyo, magram amasac etyvis: `gamagrdi da mtkiced ideqi mTeli rjulis aRsrulebaSi, rac gianderZa mosem, Cemma msaxurma...~ (ieso, 1:7). da iesoc ase mimarTavs xalxs: `gaixseneT sityva, romelic gamogicxadaT mosem, uflis msaxurma...~ da a. S. (ieso, 1:13). da xalxic pasuxobs: `rogorc moses vujerebdiT, ise Sen dagijerebT. oRond ufali iyos SenTan, rogorc mosesTan iyo~ (ieso, 1:17). da kvlav moses saxeli figurirebs, roca ufali iesos avtoritets aZlierebs: `dReidan unda daviwyo Seni gandideba mTeli israelis TvalSi, raTa darwmundnen, rom rogorc mosesTan viyavi, aseve viqnebi SenTan~ (ieso, 3:7). iesos naves Zis winamZRoloba warmatebuli iyo, mis moqmedebas xarvezi ar hqonia. misi xelmZRvanelobiT ganxorcielebuli iqna misia, romelic mosem sikvdilis win daakisra mas. warmatebis sawindari moses sityvis ganuxreli Sesruleba iyo. sityva ierarqiulad gadmovida uflidan moseze, mosedan iesoze, iesodan xalxze, xalxs ki moqmedebaSo mohyavs sityva. es sagangebod aris aRniSnuli: `rogorc ufalma ubrZana moses, Tavis msaxurs, iseve ubrZana mosem iesos da iseve moiqca ieso~ (ieso, 11:15). `msajulTa wigni~ amgvarad afasebs ieso naves Zis periods: `ufals emsaxureboda eri iesos mTels sicocxleSi da uxucesTa mTel sicocxleSi, romlebic iesos Semdgom iyvnen da nanaxi hqondaT yvela diadi saqme, israelisaTvis rom aRasrula ufalma~ (msaj. 2:7). \ SeniSvna 1. mosesa da ieso naves, rogorc RvTis rCeulTa, Soris msgavseba-gansxvavebisTvis SegviZlia davimowmoT erTi adgili, sadac iesos igive sityvebi esmis, romlebic mosem sinas mTaze aalebul mayvlovanTan moismina: `xamlebi gaiZre fexze, radgan adgili, sadac dgaxar, wmidaa~ (ieso 5:15). Tu moses SemTxvevaSi (gam. 3:3) es gamocxadeba da sityvebi misi misioneruli karieris dasawyisis niSania, iesoc am niSans qanaanisTvis brZolebis dasawyisSi iRebs, amave dros wyvets manana, udabnos saswauli, cvenas da am drosve winadacveTs ieso udabnoSi dabadebulebs, romlebic winadacveTilni ar iyvnen. magram Tu mayvlovanidan moses uflis xma esmis, iesos ierixonTan, romliskenac galaSqrebas apireben israelianebi, ara uSualod ufali, aramed uflis mxedrobis Tavi elaparakeba. iesos xanas, romelic qanaanisTvis brZolebiT aRiniSneba, mosdevs Sualeduri xana israelianTa istoriaSi _ msajulTa xana, roca xalxi ukve axladmopovebul miwazea damkvidrebuli. principulad icvleba xelmZRvanelobis tipi _ msajuli, rogorc mxsneli da xelmZRvaneli, gamoCndeba yoveli SeWirvebis Jams; ama YTu im StoSi _ ufali `aRadgens~ kacs, romelsac ekisreba israelis xsna gareSe mtrebisagan. msajuli, erTi mxriv, Tu mamxilebelia _ amxels xalxis ukeTurebas, risTvisac gareSe mtris xeliT isjeba, meore mxriv, is mxsnelia, romelic icavs maT am sasjeliT gamowveuli Sedegebisgan. msajulTa periodi amgvari ritmiT aRiniSneba, romelsac Tavisi stereotipuli sityvieri gamoxatuleba aqvs: I. `ukuRmarTad iqceodnen israelianebi uflis TvalSi da emsaxurebodnen~ baalebs~ (msaj. 2:11). `ukuRmarTad qceva~ gulisxmobs rogorc zneobriv dacemas (gadagvarebas), iseve religiur gadaxvevas, rac principSi erTi da igivea: meore moicavs pirvels. II. `aRigzno uflis risxva israelianTa mimarT da xelSi Caugdo isini mZarcvelebs, da aZarcvina~ (msaj. 2:14); III. `da daudgina maT ufalma msajulebi, romlebic mZarcvelebisagan ifaravdnen maT~ (msaj. 2:16); `mas Semdeg, rac msajulebi daudgina maT ufalma, 3 ufali iyo msajulTan da mtrebisagan ifaravda maT msajulis sicocxleSi...~ (msaj. 2:18); IV. `magram mokvdeboda Tu ara msajuli, mamebze uaresad iqceodnen, miiqceodnen ucxo RmerTebisaken...~ (msaj. 2:19); V. `maSin SehRaRades israelianebma ufals da ufalma gamouCina maT mxsneli...~ (msaj. 3:9). da ase Semdeg, yvelaferi Tavidan iwyeba: msajulis sikvdilis Semdeg kvlav gandgoma, gandgomas moyveba uflis risxva, risxvas _ sasjeli, sasjels _ RaRadi da sinanuli, sinanuls _ msajulis movlineba. qveyana amoisunTqavs. `daisvena qveyanam ormoci weli~ (msaj. 3:11). magram kvlav dgeba Sualeduri periodi msajulsa da msajuls Soris, rodesac israelianebi ganicdian SeWirvebas uflisgan gandgomis gamo, qveyanaSi am dros sruli ganukiTxaoba sufevs. msajulis msaxurebac iseve, rogorc mosesi da ieso naves Zisa, xarizmatulia. ufali irCevs msajuls da es arCeva masze uflis sulis gadmosvliT aRiniSneba. msajulad gaxdomis tipiuri formulaa: `uflis suli iyo masze da gaxda igi israelis msajuli~ (msaj. 3:10). aq sami momentia aRsaniSnavi: 1. msajulad arCeva yovelTvis moulodnelia pirovnebisTvis, romelsac ufali irCevs. arCeva ar aris ganpirobebuli pirovnebis TvisebebiT, zegardmo gadmosulma da masze davanebulma sulma unda Secvalos adamiani, SeiZleba iTqvas, misi nebis gareSe gaxados xalxis liderad, rasac is arc guSin, arc guSinwin ar eloda da arc ifiqrebda. yvelaze kargad es momenti gedeonis SemTxvevaSi Cans. gedeoni, romelic, misive SefasebiT, ar gamoirCeva raime gansakuTrebuli TvisebebiT, piriqiT, erTi mfrTxali israeliania, romelic midianelTa SiSiT, malulad cexvavs purs, rom ukanaskneli sarzrdo ar dakargos; arc imis SemZlea, rom baalis kerpi daangrios, rogorc mas uflis angelozi avalebs. angelozi mas uflis saxeliT israelis xsnas ubrZanebs, is ki pasuxobs: `vaglax, batono, me rogor unda vixsna israeli! Cemi sagvareulo yvelaze mcirea menaSeSi, me ki mamaCemis saxlSi yvelaze umcrosi var~ (msaj. 6:15). gedeoni raodenobis kategoriebSi azrovnebs: is ekuTvnis mcirericxovan sagvareulos (menaSes tomic mcirericxovania) da Tavadac yvelaze mcirea sagvareuloSi. magram RmerTi upirobod irCevs mas, aravin icis, arac kiTxulobs, Tu ras efuZneba misi arCevani. albaT Sedegs, romelsac gedeonis msajuloba gamoiRebs _ absoluturi arseba xom istoriul process mis mTlianobaSi (dasawyisiTa da dasasruliT) Wvrets da icis is, rac gedeonma ar icis. marTalia, gedeonis genealogia umniSvneloa, magram is am arCeviT imaT rigSi dgeba, romlebic swored TavianTi umrwemesobiT arian arCeulni (isaki ismaelis, iakobi esavis, iosebi ufrosi Zmebis sapirispirod). 2. msajulis arCeva instituciuri ar aris, anu ritualuri uzrunvelyofa ara aqvs. msajuli ar saWiroebs vinme Suamavls, is pirispir dgas uflis angelozTan da uSualod misgan iRebs davalebas. 3. msajuloba iseve, rogorc mosesa da ieso naves Zis winamZRoloba memkvidreobiTi ar aris, ar gadadis mamidan Svilze. magram gansxvavebiT ieso naves Zis SemTxvevisa, roca mose gadascems mas Tavis wil suls, msajuls ar SeuZlia daasaxelos pirovneba, romelic mis Semdgom gaswevs msajulobas. xarizma xom mas ar ekuTvnis, rom Tavisi nebisamebr gankargos. msajuloba pirwmindad Teokratiulia. SeniSvna 2. Tumca TavisTavad cxadi unda yofiliyo israelianTaTvis xarizmis memkvidreobiTi gadacemis SeuZlebloba, magram gedeonis gamarjvebebis Semyure xalxma mas mefoba SesTavaza: `ibatone Cvenze Senc, Senma Svilmac da Senma SvilTaSvilmac, radgan Sen gvixseni midianis xelidan~ (msaj. 8:22), razec gedeonma uari uTxra isev da isev uflis 4 erTgulebisaTvis. `...ufalma ibatonos Tqvenze~ (msaj. 8:23). es iyo erTaderTi pasuxi Teokratuli principis poziciidan. magram misi sikvdilis Semdeg xalxis erTma nawilma misi erT-erTi vaJi, xarWis naSobi, gaamefa, magram sami wlis uiRblo mefobis Semdeg, raki xarizma ar hqonda, tragi-komikulad daasrula mefoba: rogorc uwinaswarmetyvels, alyaSemortymuli qalaqis galavnidan dedakacis xeliT gadmogdebulma lodma Caungria Tavis qala. msajulobis epoqis dasasruls Tavs iCens mudmivi xelmZRvanelis yolis mZafri moTxovnileba, rac qveynis istoriaSi sruliad axali epoqis dadgomis sawindaria. msajuloba uflis magar xels gamoxatavs, is xalxis imedia, mTeli ormoci weli (msajulobis stereotipuli xangrZlivoba) xalxi damSvidebulia, man msajuls miando mTeli Tavisi cxovreba. erTaderTi, rac moeTxoveba es uflis gzaze svlaa. magram miefareba Tu ara miwas msajuli, xalxi isev da isev ubrundeba Tavis Zvel Cveulebas, romelic rjulze umtkicesi aRmoCnda: Tayvans scems adgilis baalebs, romelTa kerpebiT mofenilia yoveli goraki da borcvi (bamoT `simaRleebi~). msajulis msajulobis periods, roca xalxi miqceulia uflisaken, cvlis umsajulobis xana, roca xalxi uflisagan TavisuflebiT laRobs, magram sasjelic am TavisuflebisTvis ar ayovnebs. `ukuRmarTad iqcodnen israelianebi uflis TvalSi da ufalma midianis xelSi amyofa isini Svid weliwads~ (msaj. 6:1). umsajulobis sxva xanaSi midians sxva moTareSe mteri enacvleba. es is xalxebia, romlebic ar ayara ufalma qanaanis qveynidan an, sxva versiiT, ver Tu ar ayares Tavad israelianebma (msaj. 1:27-33). axla ki maT myofobas qveyanaSi ufali, stiqiebTan (Savi Wiri, kalia...) erTad sasjelad iyenebs (msaj. 2:20-23). roca msajulobis periodis xangrZlivobam iklo (msaj. 12:7, 11, 14), xolo umsajulobis periodi gaxangrZlivda (msaj. 13:1), xatovnad rom vTqvaT, xarizmis gvalva Camovarda qveyanaSi. mefeTa wignSi amgvarad aris gamoxatuli es viTareba: `uflis sityva iSviaTi iyo im xanebSi; xilvebi ar iyo xSiri~ (1mef. 3:1). qveynis mdgomareoba msajulTa epoqis ukanasknel xanebSi xasiaTdeba formuliT, romelic leitmotivad gasdevs msajulTa wignis ukanasknel Tavebs: `im xanad israels mefe ar hyavda da, visac ra undoda, imas sCadioda~ (msaj. 17:6; 21:25; agr. 18:1; 19:1). msajulTa wignis me-19 TavSi gadmocemuli epizodi, romelic beniaminis tomSi Cadenil gaugonar uzneobaze mogviTxrobs, kargi ilustraciaa imisa, Tu sadamde SeiZleba daeces qveyana umefobis pirobebSi. niSandoblivia, rom es epizodi iwyeba da mTavrdeba xsenebuli formuliT, romelic mTeli wignis dasasrulic aris. SeniSvna 3. `im xanad israels mefe ar hyavda da, visac ra undoda, imas sCadioda~ _ msajulTa xanis es diagnozi mefobis xanis poziciidan aris naTqvami, rac imas niSnavs, rom `msajulTa wignis~ avtori mefobis xanaSia nacxovrebi. simptomatiuria, rom mefeTa pirveli wignis dasawyisSi moTxrobili situacia ara mxolod umefobis, aramed umsajulobis xanas aRwers. formula `visac ra undoda, imas sCadioda~ amjerad msajulis gareSe darCenil qveyanaze iTqmis, sadac im zomamdea misuli krizisi, rom ukve mRvdlebi sCadian uzneobas da, rac aseve niSandoblivia, es mRvdlebi msajulisa da mRvdlis vaJebi arian (1mef. 2:12-17). msajuli aris, magram msajuloba ar aris. moxucebuli eli veRar uwevs kontrols Tavis Svilebsac ki, araTu ubralo xalxs, romelic maRali zneobis magaliTs moklebulia. elize naTqvamia, rom `ormoc weliwads msajulobda [igi] israelSi~ (1mef. 4:18), rac imis mimaniSnebelia, rom misi msajuloba dasasruls uaxlovdeba (ormoci weli zRvruli vadaa). xalxi axali msajulis molodinSia, magram, rogorc iTqva, `uflis sityva iSviaTi iyo im xanebSi...~ Tu uflis sityva ar aris, rogor gamovlindeba WeSmariti msajuli? cudi msajulis pirobebSi amjerad ufali 5 Tavis xalxs filistimelebis xeliT sjis. marcxis Semdeg, roca uflis kidobani, israelianTa udidesi siwmide, tyved Cauvarda filistimelTa banaks, elis msajulis ori vaJi brZolaSi daiRupa, Tavad eli msajulic, am ambebis gagonebiT SeZruli, mokvda, anu msajulis `dinastia~ Sewyda, msajulad elisTan gazrdili samueli daadgina ufalma. misi msajuloba warmatebuli iyo, israelianebvma SeZles filistimelebTan revanSi aReba, daibrunes warTmeuli qalaqebi. samueli keTilad marTavda qveyanas. `dascxrnen filistimelebi da aRar Semodiodnen israelis sazRvrebSi. uflis xeli iyo filistimelebze samuelis sicocxleSi~ (1mef. 7:13). magram swored am samarTliani msajulobisas SeimCneva Tavad msajulobis instituciis, Tu ase vuwodebT mas, rRveva. Tumca es procesi elis sicocxleSi daiwyo. xalxi eli msajulis Semdeg msajulobas misi vaJebisgan moeloda. axla ki samuelma Tavad izruna da msajulebad daadgina Tavisi ori vaJi, Tumca `ar gahyvnen Svilebi mamis gzas, angarebas misdevdnen, qrTams iRebdnen da samarTals amrudebdnen~ (1mef. 8:3). Tumca aq mTavari ar aris am ukanasknel msajulTa uzneoba, aramed Tavad is faqti, rom sruliad Seicvala msajulobis gageba, warmodgena mis xarizmatul xasiaTze. Tu samueli jer kidev xarizmatuli msajuli iyo, rogorc Zvel droSi, da uflis suliT ganagebda qveyanas, misi vaJebi ara uflis, aramed msajuli mamis xeliT dadgenili arian. rogorc mosalodneli iyo, maT xarizma mamisgan memkvidreobiT ver gadayvebodaT. amitomac, isini, uflis suls moklebulni, qveyanas, rogorc uzurpatorebi, mZlavrebiT ganagebdnen. xalxis alRo utyuari aRmoCnda: xalxi mixvda, rom msajulobam, rogorc movlenam, amowura Tavi. stabiluri usafrTxoebisa da qveynis simSvidisaTvis xalxis daJinebiT moiTxovda mefobis SemoRebas. argumentebic ar iyo usafuZvlo: `Seikriba israelis uxucesoba da mivida samuelTan ramaTs. uTxres: Sen moxucdi, Seni Svilebi ki aRar mihyvebian Sen gzas. dagvidgine axla mefe, rom sxva xalxebis wesisamebr gangvsjides~ (1mef. 8:5). samueli, rogorc adre davinaxeT, Tanaxma iyo, msajuloba memkvidreobad eqcia, rac ZirSive ewinaaRmdegeboda msajulobis arss. axla ki, roca xalxi mefes iTxovs samuelis ukmayofilobas raRac safuZveli unda hqonoda. `ar moewona es ambavi samuels, roca Tqves mefe mogvecio msajulad~ (1mef. 8:6). samuelma SesCivla RmerTs, RmerTi miuxvda samuels guliswuxils da saTanado pasuxi gasca: `Sen ki ar uargyves, aramed me uarmyves TavianT mefed~ (1mef. 8:7). xalxis TxovnaSi maxvili imaze ki ar iyo, rom msajuli Secvliliyo mefed, rac TiTqos samuelis, rogorc msajulis, gadayenebas gulisxmobda, aramed imaze, rom xalxi moiTxovda xilul mefobas, nacvlad uxilavi mefobisa, romlis erTaderTi ganmaxorcielebeli Tavad ufali iyo. meore mxriv, uflis rCeuli xalxi, romelic ufalma sxva xalxebisgan gamoarCia, TiTqos uars ambobs am rCeulobaze, roca sxva xalxebis msgavs saxelisuflebo mowyobas moiTxovs. am moTxovnam unda gagvaxsenos moses dros udabnoSi kerpis moTxovna, romlis faruli azri sxva xalxebis, maT Soris egviptelTa, kvalze uxilavis nivTierad xilvis survili iyo. SeniSvna 3. amave motiviT, saxeldobr, rom erTaderTi ufali unda mefobdes rCeul xalxze, msajuli gedeoni uars ambobs mefobaze. Tavad sityva `mefe~ meleq Zvel aRTqmaSi uflis epiTetia: `mefe, cabaoT ufali~ (es. 6:5), `ufali, israelis mefe~ (es. 44:6), `mefe didebisa~ (fsalm. 23/24:7) da sxvagan. fsalmunebi israelis mefobis xanis nawarmoebia, magram teqsti gaurbis xiluli mefis mefed moxseniebas; `vpove daviT, monaÁ Cemi, da sacxebeli wmidaÁ Cemi vscxe mas~ (fsalm. 88-89:21). 6 maSin, roca kerpi moiTxoves, xalxi daisaja, axla ki ufali winaaRmdegobas ar uwevs xalxis nebas, eubneba samuels: `axla Seismine maTi sityva~ (1mef. 8:9). dae, mieceT mefe, raki ase surs, magram samuelma unda ganumartos maT, Tu ras warmoadgens es ucxo dawesebuleba. marTalia, mefe daicavs xalxs gareSe mtrisgan da qveyanaSic mSvidobas da usafrTxoebas daamkvidrebs, magram ris fasad? samuelma gamoucxada xalxs mefobis konstitucia, Tu ra uflebebi eqneba mefes imis sanacvlod, rom mSvidobisa da usafrTxoebis garantobas gaswevs: `ai, ra uflebebi eqneba mefes, romelic imefebs Tqvenze: waiyvans Tqvens Svilebs da Tavis etlebTan da cxenebTan daayenebs... daniSnavs maT aTasisTavebad da ormocdaaTisTavebad, Tavisi yanis mxvnelebad, Tavisi samkalis mosamkelad, Tavisi sabrZolo saWurvelisa da etlebis mkeTeblebad. aiyvans Tqvens asulebs menelsacxeblebad, mzareulebad da puris mcxoblebad. wagarTmevT saukeTeso yanebs, venaxebsa da zeTisxilis baRebs da Tavis msaxurebs daurigebs. meaTeds aiRebs Tqveni naTesebidan da venaxebidan da Tavis kariskacebsa da msaxurebs uwyalobebs. wagarTmevT saukeTeso ymebs, mxevlebs, msaxur biWebs, saxedrebs da Tavis saqmeze amsaxurebs. waiRebs meaTeds Tqveni faridan da Tqvenc misi ymebi gaxdebiT. maSin moyvebiT wuwuns Tqvens arCeul mefeze, magram ar mogismenT ufali~ (1mef. 8:11-18). SeniSvna 4. ar axsovs israels mefe, romelsac am `konstituciiT~ ar esargeblos. TviT daviTi, romelic mefobis idealad aris Seracxili, sCadis ara ubralod Zaladobas, roca Tavis erTgul msaxurs cols warTmevs, Tavad mas ki daRupavs, aramed arRvevs moses cnebas, romlis dacvis garantia Tavad qveynis winamZRoli unda yofiliyo, rogoric msajuli iyo. rom ar vilaparakoT mefe aqabze, romlis saqcieli igavad iqca israelis istoriaSi. xalxis moTxovna, rom `Cvenc iseTebi unda viyoT, rogorc sxva xalxebi arian~ (1mef. 8:20-a) kategoriulia. xalxi yvelaferze Tanaxmaa, oRond aRar iyos patronis gareSe darCenis SiSi. mTeli imedi mefezea, `romelic wagviZRveba da Cveni gulisTvis ibrZolebs~ (1mef. 8:20-b). xalxis cnobieri Tu qveSecneuli argumentebi usafuZvlo ar iyo: dinastiuri xelisufleba, rogoric mefobaa, romelic Tavisi racionalurobiT, Tavisi memkvidreobis ZaliT uwyvetlad amaragebs qveyanas `msajulebiT~, savsebiT pasuxobda droebis motanil gamowvevebs. amieridan xalxis mTeli zneobrivmoraluri tvirTi da pasuxismgebloba mefes ekisreba. xalxi ixsnis pasuximgeblobas. icvleba diagnozi: mefe ukve aris qveyanaSi, magram is an `simarTliT iqceva~ an `borotad iqceva uflis TvalSi~. amieridan matiane mefis moralur saxiT gansazRvravs qveynis beds. Zurab Kiknadze From Moses to Kingship Summary The article discusses the differences between two charismatic leadership – that of Moses and judges in the history of Israel, and the conditions that cause the transition to kingship, as the result of the epochal challenges. The request of people “we can be like the other nations, with our own king to rule us...” had its rational reason: 7 kingship may supply with rulers by incessantly guaranteed hereditariness; the people may charge a king with moral task and responsibility for the welfare of the Country; henceforth, the state of the country in the chronicle is defined by moral image of king (e.g. ‘Asa did what Yahweh regards as right’ – ‘Ahaziah did what is displeasing to Yahweh’). 8
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