Supporting Material for Reflective Learning

BIG DIPPER English Communication
Ⅲ
Lesson 19
Manners Still Matter
コミュニケーション英語Ⅲ(数研出版)
Supporting Material for Reflective Learning
― 内容理解の感覚を研ぎ澄ますためのプリント ―
〔● ここからの太字部分はテキスト本文からの抜粋 = Selections from the text are highlighted in bold.〕
〔PART 1〕
Line 9. People who are unable to leave their homes, including disabled people and those taking care of a family member, can use
these services just like anyone else.
* people who ~(v) と those who ~(v) の用法
people who ~(v)
= those who ~(v)
~する人たち
(例)People (who are) living in a big city yearn for a quiet life in the countryside.
= People living in a big city yearn for a quiet life in the countryside.
= Those (who are) living in a big city yearn for a quiet life in the countryside.
= Those living in a big city yearn for a quiet life in the countryside. (都会で暮らす人は田舎での静かな生活に憧れる。)
*「関係代名詞の主格 + be 動詞」は省略できます。上記例文の2つ目と4つ目は who are が省略されています。
(例)People (who are) interested in Japanese manga and anime are welcome to our party.
= People interested in Japanese manga and anime are welcome to our party.
= Those (who are) interested in Japanesee manga and anime are welcome to our party.
= Those interested in Japanese manga and anime are welcome to our party.
(日本の漫画やアニメに興味のある人は、ぜひ私たちのパーティーにお越しください。)
(例)This course is for those interested in psychology.(この講座は心理学に関心のある人のために開設しています。)
(例)Those present at the conference were experts on criminology.(その会議に出席していた人たちは犯罪学の専門家です。)
(例)Those of you who haven't turned in the assignment yet, raise your hand. (まだ課題を提出していない人、手を挙げて。)
Line 12. The Internet has transformed the ways in which people communicate.
・the way in which S ~(v)
S が~する方法
* the way の後に置かれる in which は省略できる。
= the way S ~(v)
(例)I don't like the way he talks. He always talks down to others.
(彼の話し方が好きではありません。彼はいつも上から目線で人に話しかける。)
Line 15. It used to take a week to send a letter from Japan to North America by airmail.
・It takes ---(時間) to ~
~するのに--- かかる
(例)It takes 2 hours to fly to Osaka.(大阪まで飛行機で 2 時間かかる。)
(例)It used to take a month to travel to Osaka.(かつて大阪までは旅をするのに1ヶ月かかった。)
Line 17. We can now send an e-mail message in seconds, without having to walk to the postbox.
・without having to ~
~する必要なく
(例)With a fast pass, you can enjoy the attractions without having to wait in line.
(ファーストパスがあれば、並んで待たずにアトラクションを楽しめるよ。)
Line 19. Expensive international telephone calls are being replaced by free Internet telephone services.
・be being ~(過去分詞)
~されている
(例)My mother was being interviewed as the mother of a Nobel Prize winner. This was the dream I had last night.
(ノーベル賞受賞者の母親として母がインタビューを受けていた。そんな夢を昨日見た。)
Line 21. Regardless of nationality or culture, gender or age, people have become able to transmit information, and at the same time,
-1-
have access to a vast volume of information.
・regardless of ~
~にかかわらず。 ~にかまわず。
・have become able to ~
(今では)~できるようになった
・have access to ~
(コンピューターやインターネットを通して)~を見ることができる。
(例)Regardless of gender or age, we want someone with passion.
(性別、年齢に関係なく、私たちが採用したいのは熱い心を持つ人です。)
(例)After 3 months of rehab, my grandma has become able to walk without crutches.
(3 ヶ月のリハビリの後、うちのおばあちゃんは松葉づえなしで歩けるようになった。)
(例)Now everyone can have access to any information on the Internet. How can you tell if it is true or not?
(今では誰もがインターネットであらゆる情報を検索できる。その情報が正しいかどうか、どうやって見分けるの?)
〔PART 2〕
Line 2. With the speed of the Internet's development, society has not yet established clear rules for its use.
Line 9. With the Internet replacing these methods of communication, the same rules of good manners ~.
*「原因・理由」を表す with
●〔 公式 〕 ① with ~
~のせいで。 ~のために。
〔原因〕
② with ~
~があるので
〔理由〕
③ with + O(目的語) + ~
O が~しているので。 O が~なので。
〔理由〕
〔原因〕
O が~しているせいで
* ③ の公式は、「O = ~」の関係が成り立ちます。O と~の間に be 動詞を入れると意味の通じる文となります。
(例)① My fingers have become numb with cold. (寒さで指の感覚がなくなった。)
(例)① With all the rain lately, we can't play outside.
← Line 2 の with はこのパターンです。
(このところの雨で私たちは外で遊べない。)
(例)② With all this math homework, I can't go to karaoke with you guys tonight. Sorry.
(数学の宿題がたくさん出てるから、今日はみんなとカラオケいけないわ。ごめん。)
* you guys (目の前の友人に対して) みんな
(例)② With no money until payday, I'll just stay home and do the laundry.
(給料日前でお金ないから、家で洗濯しよっと。)
* do the laundry 洗濯をする
(例)③ With the teacher standing right behind me, I felt nervous throughout the exam. ← Line 9 の with はこのパターンです。
(先生が真後ろに立っていたので、試験中緊張しっぱなしだった。)
* right behind ~ ~の真後ろ
(= Because the teacher was standing right behind me, I felt nervous throughout the exam.)
*「O = ~」→「the teacher = standing」 → 「the teacher is standing (先生が立っている)」
(例)③ With the sun up in the sky, Dracula couldn't get out of his coffin.
(太陽が昇っていたので、ドラキュラは自分の棺から出ることができなかった。)
(= Because the sun was up in the sky, Dracula couldn't get out of his coffin.)
*「O = ~」→「the sun = up」→「the sun is up (太陽が昇っている)」
* get out of ~
~から出る
(例)③ With the chain dropped, I had to push my bike home.
(チェーンが外れたので、自転車を家まで押して帰った。)
(= Because the chain was dropped, I had to push my bike home.)
*「O = ~」→「the chain = dropped」→「the chain is dropped (チェーンが外れている)」
Line 6. Before they had access to the Internet, people would meet face to face or communicate by letter or telephone.
Line 7. They would choose how to communicate depending on what was considered good manners for the situation.
* 助動詞 would のひとつの用法
・would ~
(あの時は)よく~した
*過去において定期的に、または習慣的に行っていたことについて話す時に用いる。
(例)When the weather was good, we would walk on the beach.
-2-
(天気の良い時は、私たちはよく浜辺を歩いた。)
(例)When my dog was a puppy, it would follow me wherever I went.
* wherever
(うちの犬が子犬の頃、僕の行くところはどこにでもついてきた。)
(例)I would skim a stone across the river when I was a boy.
(子供の頃、石を川の水面切って向こう岸まで飛ばしたものだ。)
-3-
人~(V)
人が~する所はどこへ(で)でも