JA2702 Group: Jap3 Lesson 49 けいご 敬語 Honorific Language - This kind of language is used to show respect for the other party, be it the listener or the person being referred to. - To use it, the concept of ウチ・ソト is important. - ウチ means the ‘insider’. This could be your family, your company or your team, depending on the situation. - ソト means the ‘outsider’. This is just the opposite of ウチ. When exactly to use 敬語? Use it when talking or referring to someone of higher status. ***You cannot use 敬語 to mention an insider when talking to an outsider. For example, when you, as an employee, are talking to a customer, even if the person you are referring to is your company president, you may not use keigo. Otherwise, it could be considered rude and strange. Imagine that you are talking to your customer (keep in mind that customers さま are your god), and you say ‘鈴木様’ to refer to your, let’s say, manager. To understand this as a foreigner, you may think of this as ‘our high and mighty Suzuki-sama’. Of course, this would seem as though you are trying to put the customer in a lower position which is in no way good for your future deals. Also, it is also important that when you are in your company and talk to your manager, the other party is then your ソト and therefore you have to use keigo. There are three types of keigo. Nannaphat K. 5510075 Arpa C. 5510943 Kantarapat S. 5514393 Kanoknapas K. 5518573 JA2702 Group: Jap3 Types of 敬語 ていねいご けんじょうご そ ん け い ご 丁寧語 謙譲語 尊敬語 1.丁寧語－polite language; contains the ます and some other polite expressions we have learned before. 2.謙譲語－humble language; this is how you talk about yourself or your ウ チの人 in polite/formal occasions. 3.尊敬語－respectful language; this is how you talk to/about ソトの人. In this lesson, we will be looking at 尊敬語. 尊敬語 VERBS 1. 尊敬動詞（受身形）: Respectful verbs (passive form) Verbs used in this level of respectful language are in passive form. The only way to distinguish respectful verbs such as these from the actual passive verbs is to look at the particles. 先生はもう食べられました。Sensei has already eaten. 社長は出かけられました。The president has gone out. 2. お ご + ます form + になる Nannaphat K. 5510075 Arpa C. 5510943 Kantarapat S. 5514393 Kanoknapas K. 5518573 JA2702 Group: Jap3 For verbs group I & II, add ‘お’; for verbs ending with する, add ‘ご’. Verbs in this form show even higher respect than the passive ones. 社長はお出かけになりました。 工場をご見学になりますか。 3. Special respectful verbs There are verbs which cannot be changed according to rule 2. Verbs Special respectful forms です でいらっしゃる ある おありです/ございます いる 来る 行く ～ている ～て来る ～て行く いらっしゃる ～ていらっしゃる する なさる 言う おっしゃる 食べる・飲む 召し上がる 見る ご覧になる 知っている ご存知です/だ 知りませんか ご存知ありませんか 死ぬ お亡くなりになる くれる くださる いいです よろしいです Nannaphat K. 5510075 Arpa C. 5510943 Kantarapat S. 5514393 Kanoknapas K. 5518573 JA2702 Group: Jap3 4. お + ます form + ください You can think of this as making a verb into a respectful noun (お+ま す form) and then put ください at the end. Think of the verb to give (to the speaker) くださる. Yes, you are asking the other party to do something. This is the respectful version of ～てください. NOUNS, ADJ & ADV These words can be converted into 敬語 by putting お or ご before them. Normally, words that are originally Japanese will be used with お whereas words that are borrowed from Chinese will be used with ご. However, there are exceptions which can only be learned through memorization. Please refer to Minna no Nihongo for examples. USAGE - Respectful language can still be used in plain form. For example, when referring to someone whom the speaker respects and the listener is someone of equal status or lower. 学生Ａ：先生はいらっしゃる？ Is sensei coming? 学生Ｂ：うん。6 時くらいとおっしゃった。 Yup. He said around 6 o’clock. - A sentence in respectful language must have consistency. In other words, words must be in their respectful form throughout the sentence. - Use ～まして or ～ますので in place of ～て or ～plain form ので. Nannaphat K. 5510075 Arpa C. 5510943 Kantarapat S. 5514393 Kanoknapas K. 5518573
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