᪥ᚰ➨ 㻣㻞 ᅇ኱఍䠄㻞㻜㻜㻤䠅
グ᠈㻌㻝㻱㼂㻜㻥㻥㻌
ࡢ࡯ࠠࡦࠣࡔࡕ࡝ኈ㊂ߩ୘ੱᏅߣ෻ᔕᛥ೙ᯏ⢻ߩ㑐ଥ
٤࿯↰ᐘ↵㧝࡮ቶᯅᤐశ㧞
㧔 ർᶏ㆏ᄢቇᄢቇ㒮ᢎ⢒ቇ⎇ⓥ⑼࡮㧞ർᶏ㆏ᄢቇᢎ⢒ቇ⎇ⓥ㒮㧕
Key words: working memory capacity, response inhibition, event-related brain potential (ERP)
㧝
⋡ ⊛
ࠬࡄࡦ࠹ࠬ࠻ߢ᷹ቯߐࠇߚࡢ࡯ࠠࡦࠣࡔࡕ࡝ኈ㊂㧔WMC㧕
ߪ㧘Baddeley ߩࡕ࠺࡞ߦ߅ߌࠆਛᄩታⴕ♽ߩኈ㊂೙㒢ߩ޽ࠆ
ᵈᗧࡔࠞ࠾࠭ࡓߩ⢻ജࠍ෻ᤋߒߡ޿ࠆ㧔Engle., 1999㧕‫ޕ‬WM
ኈ㊂ߩ୘ੱᏅߪᢥ┨⺒⸃߿ផ⺰ߥߤߩ㜞ᰴ⹺⍮⺖㗴ᚑ❣ߛߌ
ߢߥߊ㧘Ყセ⊛ૐᰴߥᵈᗧ⺖㗴ߩࡄࡈࠜ࡯ࡑࡦࠬߣ߽㑐ଥ߇
޽ࠆߎߣ߇ႎ๔ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬Redick & Engle (2006)ߩ AX-CPT
ࠍ↪޿ߚታ㛎ߢߪ㧘WMC ૐ⟲ߩᣇ߇㜞⟲ࠃࠅ߽ A ߩᓟߦ๒
␜ߐࠇߚ non X ߦኻߔࠆ෻ᔕ(AY)ߦኻߒߡࠛ࡜࡯߇ᄙ߆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬
ߎߩߎߣ߆ࠄᓐࠄߪ㧘WMC ߣ㑐ࠊߞߡ޿ࠆߩߪቇ⠌ߐࠇߚ
ఝ൓෻ᔕࠍࠬ࠻࠶ࡊߔࠆ⢻ജߥߩߢߪߥ޿߆ߣ⠨ኤߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬
ߒ߆ߒߥ߇ࠄ㧘Friedman & Miyake (2004)ߢߪ WMC ߣఝ൓෻
ᔕᛥ೙ߪ㑐ଥ߇ߥ޿ߎߣ߇␜ໂߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫⎇ᧄޕ‬ⓥߢߪఝ൓
෻ᔕࠍᛥ೙ߔࠆ᧦ઙߣ㧘ఝ൓෻ᔕࠍᛥ೙ߒߡ⇣ߥࠆ෻ᔕࠍㆬ
೎ߔࠆ᧦ઙࠍ⸳ߌ WMC ߩ㆑޿ߦࠃߞߡಣℂ߇ߤߩࠃ߁ߦ⇣
ߥࠆߩ߆੐⽎㑐ㅪ⣖㔚૏(ERP)ࠍ↪޿ߡᬌ⸛ߒߚ‫ޕ‬
ᣇ ᴺ
‫ⵍޣ‬㛎⠪‫ޤ‬ஜᏱᚑੱ 56 ฬ(↵ 27 ฬ㧘ᅚ 29 ฬ㧘18-33 ᱦ㧘ᐔဋ
23.48 ᱦ)ߦ WMC ࠍ᷹ቯߔࠆ࠹ࠬ࠻ߣߒߡ࡝࡯࠺ࠖࡦࠣࠬࡄ
ࡦ࠹ࠬ࠻ࠍታᣉߒߚ‫ޕ‬ᓧὐ਄૏ 13 ฬࠍ㜞⟲㧘ਅ૏ 13 ฬࠍૐ
⟲ߣߒߡಽ㘃ߒ ERP ታ㛎ࠍታᣉߒߚ‫ޕ‬
‫ޣ‬ERP ⺖㗴‫ޤ‬WMC ࠹ࠬ࠻ߣ೎ߩᣣߦ㧘ERP ᷹ቯࠍታᣉߒߚ‫ޕ‬
⺖㗴ߣߒߡ 2 choice ᧦ઙ㧘No-go ᧦ઙߩ 2 ᧦ઙߦࠃࠆ AX-CPT
ࠍ↪޿ߚ‫ޕ‬11 ⒳㘃ߩࠕ࡞ࡈࠔࡌ࠶࠻ߩᢥሼ㧔A, B, C, D, E, F, G,
H, J, L, X㧕ࠍೝỗߣߒߡ↪޿ߚ‫ޕ‬ਔ᧦ઙߣ߽ 44 ߩ A-X ♽೉㧘
6 ߩ A-Y ♽೉㧘6 ߩ B-X ♽೉㧘6 ߩ B-Y ♽೉ߢ᭴ᚑߒߚ(Table
1)‫ޕ‬B ߣ Y ߩ⹜ⴕߢߪ A ߣ Table 1. ೝỗ♽೉ߩ⒳㘃ߣഀว
CUE
X એᄖߩࠕ࡞ࡈࠔࡌ
VALD INVALID
࠶࠻ࠍ࡜ࡦ࠳ࡓߦ๒
㪘㪄㪯
㪙㪄㪯
TARGET
㩿㪎㪇㩼㪀
㩿㪈㪇㩼㪀
␜ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ฦ♽೉ߪ࡜ PROBE
㪘㪄㪰
㪙㪄㪰
NONTARGET
ࡦ࠳ࡓߥ㗅ᐨߢ๒␜
㩿㪈㪇㩼㪀
㩿㪈㪇㩼㪀
ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ਔ᧦ઙ 1 ࡉࡠ
࠶ࠢ 62 ♽೉㧔124 ᢥሼ㧕ࠍ๒␜ߒ㧘8 ࡉࡠ࠶ࠢⴕߞߚ‫ޕ‬2 choice
᧦ઙߢߪ A ߩᓟߦ X ߇๒␜ߐࠇߚᤨߦߢ߈ࠆ㒢ࠅㅦߊᱜ⏕ߦ
ฝᚻߩࡏ࠲ࡦࠍ᛼ߒ㧘ߘߩઁߩೝỗߦߪᏀᚻߩࡏ࠲ࡦߢ෻ᔕ
ࠍߔࠆࠃ߁ߦ᳞߼ߚ‫ޕ‬No-go ᧦ઙߢߪ A ߩᓟߦ X ߇๒␜ߐࠇ
ߚᤨߦߢ߈ࠆ㒢ࠅㅦߊᱜ⏕ߦࡏ࠲ࡦࠍ᛼ߒ㧘ߘߩઁߩ႐วߪ
෻ᔕࠍߒߥ޿ࠃ߁ߦ᳞߼ߚ‫ޕ‬ฦೝỗߩᜬ⛯ᤨ㑆ߪ 120ms ߣߒ㧘
ISI ߪ 1180ms ߣߒߚ㧔SOA=1300ms㧕‫ޕ‬
‫⸥ޣ‬㍳෸߮ಣℂ‫ޤ‬EEG ߪ㧘㗡⊹਄ 30 ㇱ૏߆ࠄ㥦ውࠍၮḰߣߒ
ߡዉ಴ߒߚ‫ ߪࠬࡄ࠼ࡦࡃޕ‬0.05-100Hz㧘ࠨࡦࡊ࡝ࡦࠣ๟ᵄᢙ
ߪ 500Hz ߣߒߚ‫ޕ‬ೝỗ๒␜೨ 100ms ߆ࠄೝỗ๒␜ᓟ 900ms
ߩ㑆ࠍട▚ᐔဋ඙㑆ߣߒ㧘r100ǴV ࠍ⿧߃ߚ⹜ⴕߪࠕ࡯࠴ࡈ
ࠔࠢ࠻ߣߒߡ㒰෰ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ೝỗ๒␜ᓟ 250-600ms 㑆ߢߩᦨᄢ㓁
ᕈὐࠍ P300 㗂ὐ㧘200-350ms 㑆ߢߩᦨᄢ㒶ᕈὐࠍ N200 㗂ὐ
ߣߒߚ‫ޕ‬
⚿ ᨐ
‫ⴕޣ‬േᜰᮡ‫ޤ‬2 choice ᧦ઙߩฦ probe ߦኻߔࠆ miss ߣ FA ₸ߦ
WMC ߦࠃࠆ㆑޿߇޽ࠆ߆ߤ߁߆ಽᢔಽᨆࠍⴕߞߚ‫ࡦࡄࠬޕ‬
ߩਥലᨐߦ᦭ᗧᏅ߇㧘WMCࠛ࡜࡯࠲ࠗࡊฦ probe ߩ੤੕
૞↪ߦ᦭ᗧ௑ะ߇⷗ࠄࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ਅ૏ᬌቯߩ⚿ᨐ߆ࠄ㧘AY ♽೉
ߩ probe ߦኻߔࠆ FA ₸ߩࠬࡄࡦߩലᨐߦ᦭ᗧ௑ะ߇⷗ࠄࠇߚ‫ޕ‬
2 choice ᧦ઙߩฦ cue㧘no-go ᧦ઙߩฦ cue ߅ࠃ߮ probe ߦኻߔ
ࠆฦࠛ࡜࡯₸ߦ WMC ߦࠃࠆ㆑޿ߪ⷗ࠄࠇߥ߆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬
‫ޣ‬ERP‫ޤ‬2 choice㧘no-go ᧦ઙߩ cue ߦኻߒߡᗖ⿠ߐࠇߚ P300
ᝄ᏷ߦ㆑޿߇޽ࠆ߆ߤ߁߆㧘WMC᧦ઙฦ cueㇱ૏ߩ 4
ⷐ࿃ಽᢔಽᨆࠍታᣉߒߚ‫ޕ‬ฦ੤੕૞↪ߪ⷗ࠄࠇߥ߆ߞߚ߇
WMC 㜞⟲ߩᣇ߇ૐ⟲ࠃࠅ߽ P300 ᝄ᏷߇ᄢ߈߆ߞߚ(Figure 1)‫ޕ‬
Target㧘߅ࠃ߮ Non-target probe ߦኻߔࠆ P300 ᝄ᏷ߦ߅޿ߡ߽
ห᭽ߩಽᢔಽᨆࠍታᣉߒߚ߇ WMC ߦࠃࠆ㆑޿ߪ⷗ࠄࠇߥ߆
ߞߚ‫ޕ‬Non-target probe ߦኻߔࠆ N200 ᝄ᏷ߦ߽ห᭽ߩ 4 ⷐ࿃
ಽᢔಽᨆࠍታᣉߒߚ‫ޕ‬WMC᧦ઙฦ probe ߩ㑆ߦ᦭ᗧߥ੤
੕૞↪߇⷗ࠄࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ਅ૏ᬌቯߩ⚿ᨐ㧘2 choice ᧦ઙߩ AY ♽೉
ߩ probe ߦኻߒߡߩߺ WMC ૐ⟲ߩᣇ߇㜞⟲ࠃࠅ߽ N200 ᝄ᏷
߇ᄢ߈߆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬Target probe ߦኻߔࠆ N200 ᝄ᏷߽ห᭽ߩ 4 ⷐ
࿃ಽᢔಽᨆࠍታᣉߒߚ߇ WMC ߦࠃࠆ㆑޿ߪߥ߆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬
⠨ ኤ
No-go ᧦ઙߩ AY ♽೉ߩ probe ߦኻߔࠆⴕേᜰᮡ߅ࠃ߮ ERP
ߩ⚿ᨐ߆ࠄ㧘WMC ߣ෻ᔕᛥ೙ߩ㑆ߦߪ㑐ଥ߇⷗ࠄࠇߥ޿ߎ
ߣ߇␜ໂߐࠇߚ‫ ߪߣߎߩߎޕ‬Friedman & Miyake (2004)ߩ⚿ᨐ
ࠍᡰᜬߔࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫৻ޕ‬ᣇ㧘ఝ൓෻ᔕࠍᛥ೙ߒ⇣ߥࠆ෻ᔕ
ࠍㆬ೎ߔࠆ 2 choice ᧦ઙߢߪ WMC ߦࠃࠆಣℂߩ㆑޿߇⷗ࠄ
ࠇߚ‫ޕ‬WMC 㜞⟲ߪૐ⟲ࠃࠅ߽ cue ߦኻߔࠆ P300 ᝄ᏷߇ᄢ߈
߆ߞߚߎߣ߆ࠄ㧘ࠃࠅᵈᗧ⾗Ḯࠍ㈩ಽߔࠆߎߣ߇಴᧪ߚߣ⠨
߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ߪߣߎߩߎޕ‬㜞⟲ߩᣇ߇ૐ⟲ࠃࠅㆡಾߥ᭴߃ࠍᒻᚑ
ߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߚน⢻ᕈࠍ␜ໂߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬㧘WMC ૐ⟲
ߩᣇ߇㜞⟲ࠃࠅ߽ AY ♽೉ߩ probe ߦኻߒߡ N200 ᝄ᏷߇ᄢ߈
߆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ᱜ෻ᔕ⹜ⴕߦ߅ߌࠆ N200 ᝄ᏷ߪࠦࡦࡈ࡝ࠢ࠻ࡕ࠾
࠲࡝ࡦࠣߩᒝᐲࠍ෻ᤋߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߆ࠄ㧘ૐ⟲ߪ AY probe ߦ
ኻߒߡࠃࠅࠦࡦࡈ࡝ࠢ࠻߇↢ߓߚߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ߎߩࠄࠇߎޕ‬
ߣ߆ࠄ㧘WMC 㜞⟲ߪૐ⟲ࠃࠅ߽ cue ߦኻߒߡㆡಾߥ᭴߃ࠍ
ᒻᚑߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈㧘ߘߩ⚿ᨐ AY ♽೉ߩ probe ߦኻߒߡ FA
₸߇ૐߊ㧘ૐ⟲ߪㆡಾߥ᭴߃ࠍᒻᚑߢ߈ߥ߆ߞߚߚ߼ AY ♽
೉ߩ probe ߦኻߒߡ㜞⟲ࠃࠅ߽ᄢ߈ߥ N200 ᝄ᏷ࠍᗖ⿠ߒߚߣ
⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬WMC ߣఝ൓෻ᔕᛥ೙ߩ㑐ଥߪ㧘න⚐ߦ෻ᔕࠍ
ᛥ೙ߔࠆߛߌߢߥߊ㧘ᦝߦಣℂ߇ⷐ᳞ߐࠇࠆ႐วߦ⷗ࠄࠇࠆ
ߎߣ߇␜ໂߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬
㸫851㸫
2 choice condition
A cue
B cue
A-X probe
A-Y probe
Fz
Cz
N200㸢
㸠P300
㸠P300
Pz
10
5
0
High span
Low span
0
400 800 ms
Figure 1. 2 choice ᧦ઙߩ ERP ᵄᒻ
㧔TSUCHIDA Yukio, MUROHASHI Harumitsu㧕