᪥ᚰ➨ 㻣㻞 ᅇ䠄㻞㻜㻜㻤䠅 グ᠈㻌 㻝㻱㼂㻜㻥㻥㻌 ࡢࠠࡦࠣࡔࡕኈ㊂ߩੱᏅߣᔕᛥᯏ⢻ߩ㑐ଥ ٤↰ᐘ↵㧝ቶᯅᤐశ㧞 㧔 ർᶏᄢቇᄢቇ㒮ᢎ⢒ቇ⎇ⓥ⑼㧞ർᶏᄢቇᢎ⢒ቇ⎇ⓥ㒮㧕 Key words: working memory capacity, response inhibition, event-related brain potential (ERP) 㧝 ⋡ ⊛ ࠬࡄࡦ࠹ࠬ࠻ߢ᷹ቯߐࠇߚࡢࠠࡦࠣࡔࡕኈ㊂㧔WMC㧕 ߪ㧘Baddeley ߩࡕ࠺࡞ߦ߅ߌࠆਛᄩታⴕ♽ߩኈ㊂㒢ߩࠆ ᵈᗧࡔࠞ࠾࠭ࡓߩ⢻ജࠍᤋߒߡࠆ㧔Engle., 1999㧕ޕWM ኈ㊂ߩੱᏅߪᢥ┨⺒⸃߿ផ⺰ߥߤߩ㜞ᰴ⍮⺖㗴ᚑ❣ߛߌ ߢߥߊ㧘Ყセ⊛ૐᰴߥᵈᗧ⺖㗴ߩࡄࡈࠜࡑࡦࠬߣ߽㑐ଥ߇ ࠆߎߣ߇ႎ๔ߐࠇߡࠆޕRedick & Engle (2006)ߩ AX-CPT ࠍ↪ߚታ㛎ߢߪ㧘WMC ૐ⟲ߩᣇ߇㜞⟲ࠃࠅ߽ A ߩᓟߦ๒ ␜ߐࠇߚ non X ߦኻߔࠆᔕ(AY)ߦኻߒߡࠛ߇ᄙ߆ߞߚޕ ߎߩߎߣ߆ࠄᓐࠄߪ㧘WMC ߣ㑐ࠊߞߡࠆߩߪቇ⠌ߐࠇߚ ఝᔕࠍࠬ࠻࠶ࡊߔࠆ⢻ജߥߩߢߪߥ߆ߣ⠨ኤߒߡࠆޕ ߒ߆ߒߥ߇ࠄ㧘Friedman & Miyake (2004)ߢߪ WMC ߣఝ ᔕᛥߪ㑐ଥ߇ߥߎߣ߇␜ໂߐࠇߡࠆ⎇ᧄޕⓥߢߪఝ ᔕࠍᛥߔࠆ᧦ઙߣ㧘ఝᔕࠍᛥߒߡ⇣ߥࠆᔕࠍㆬ ߔࠆ᧦ઙࠍ⸳ߌ WMC ߩ㆑ߦࠃߞߡಣℂ߇ߤߩࠃ߁ߦ⇣ ߥࠆߩ߆⽎㑐ㅪ⣖㔚(ERP)ࠍ↪ߡᬌ⸛ߒߚޕ ᣇ ᴺ ⵍޣ㛎⠪ޤஜᏱᚑੱ 56 ฬ(↵ 27 ฬ㧘ᅚ 29 ฬ㧘18-33 ᱦ㧘ᐔဋ 23.48 ᱦ)ߦ WMC ࠍ᷹ቯߔࠆ࠹ࠬ࠻ߣߒߡ࠺ࠖࡦࠣࠬࡄ ࡦ࠹ࠬ࠻ࠍታᣉߒߚޕᓧὐ 13 ฬࠍ㜞⟲㧘ਅ 13 ฬࠍૐ ⟲ߣߒߡಽ㘃ߒ ERP ታ㛎ࠍታᣉߒߚޕ ޣERP ⺖㗴ޤWMC ࠹ࠬ࠻ߣߩᣣߦ㧘ERP ᷹ቯࠍታᣉߒߚޕ ⺖㗴ߣߒߡ 2 choice ᧦ઙ㧘No-go ᧦ઙߩ 2 ᧦ઙߦࠃࠆ AX-CPT ࠍ↪ߚޕ11 ⒳㘃ߩࠕ࡞ࡈࠔࡌ࠶࠻ߩᢥሼ㧔A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, J, L, X㧕ࠍೝỗߣߒߡ↪ߚޕਔ᧦ઙߣ߽ 44 ߩ A-X ♽㧘 6 ߩ A-Y ♽㧘6 ߩ B-X ♽㧘6 ߩ B-Y ♽ߢ᭴ᚑߒߚ(Table 1)ޕB ߣ Y ߩ⹜ⴕߢߪ A ߣ Table 1. ೝỗ♽ߩ⒳㘃ߣഀว CUE X એᄖߩࠕ࡞ࡈࠔࡌ VALD INVALID ࠶࠻ࠍࡦ࠳ࡓߦ๒ 㪘㪄㪯 㪙㪄㪯 TARGET 㩿㪎㪇㩼㪀 㩿㪈㪇㩼㪀 ␜ߒߚޕฦ♽ߪ PROBE 㪘㪄㪰 㪙㪄㪰 NONTARGET ࡦ࠳ࡓߥ㗅ᐨߢ๒␜ 㩿㪈㪇㩼㪀 㩿㪈㪇㩼㪀 ߒߚޕਔ᧦ઙ 1 ࡉࡠ ࠶ࠢ 62 ♽㧔124 ᢥሼ㧕ࠍ๒␜ߒ㧘8 ࡉࡠ࠶ࠢⴕߞߚޕ2 choice ᧦ઙߢߪ A ߩᓟߦ X ߇๒␜ߐࠇߚᤨߦߢ߈ࠆ㒢ࠅㅦߊᱜ⏕ߦ ฝᚻߩࡏ࠲ࡦࠍߒ㧘ߘߩઁߩೝỗߦߪᏀᚻߩࡏ࠲ࡦߢᔕ ࠍߔࠆࠃ߁ߦ᳞ߚޕNo-go ᧦ઙߢߪ A ߩᓟߦ X ߇๒␜ߐࠇ ߚᤨߦߢ߈ࠆ㒢ࠅㅦߊᱜ⏕ߦࡏ࠲ࡦࠍߒ㧘ߘߩઁߩ႐วߪ ᔕࠍߒߥࠃ߁ߦ᳞ߚޕฦೝỗߩᜬ⛯ᤨ㑆ߪ 120ms ߣߒ㧘 ISI ߪ 1180ms ߣߒߚ㧔SOA=1300ms㧕ޕ ⸥ޣ㍳߮ಣℂޤEEG ߪ㧘㗡⊹ 30 ㇱ߆ࠄ㥦ውࠍၮḰߣߒ ߡዉߒߚ ߪࠬࡄ࠼ࡦࡃޕ0.05-100Hz㧘ࠨࡦࡊࡦࠣᵄᢙ ߪ 500Hz ߣߒߚޕೝỗ๒␜೨ 100ms ߆ࠄೝỗ๒␜ᓟ 900ms ߩ㑆ࠍട▚ᐔဋ㑆ߣߒ㧘r100ǴV ࠍ߃ߚ⹜ⴕߪࠕ࠴ࡈ ࠔࠢ࠻ߣߒߡ㒰ߒߚޕೝỗ๒␜ᓟ 250-600ms 㑆ߢߩᦨᄢ㓁 ᕈὐࠍ P300 㗂ὐ㧘200-350ms 㑆ߢߩᦨᄢ㒶ᕈὐࠍ N200 㗂ὐ ߣߒߚޕ ⚿ ᨐ ⴕޣേᜰᮡޤ2 choice ᧦ઙߩฦ probe ߦኻߔࠆ miss ߣ FA ₸ߦ WMC ߦࠃࠆ㆑߇ࠆ߆ߤ߁߆ಽᢔಽᨆࠍⴕߞߚࡦࡄࠬޕ ߩਥലᨐߦᗧᏅ߇㧘WMCࠛ࠲ࠗࡊฦ probe ߩ ↪ߦᗧะ߇ࠄࠇߚޕਅᬌቯߩ⚿ᨐ߆ࠄ㧘AY ♽ ߩ probe ߦኻߔࠆ FA ₸ߩࠬࡄࡦߩലᨐߦᗧะ߇ࠄࠇߚޕ 2 choice ᧦ઙߩฦ cue㧘no-go ᧦ઙߩฦ cue ߅ࠃ߮ probe ߦኻߔ ࠆฦࠛ₸ߦ WMC ߦࠃࠆ㆑ߪࠄࠇߥ߆ߞߚޕ ޣERPޤ2 choice㧘no-go ᧦ઙߩ cue ߦኻߒߡᗖߐࠇߚ P300 ᝄߦ㆑߇ࠆ߆ߤ߁߆㧘WMC᧦ઙฦ cueㇱߩ 4 ⷐ࿃ಽᢔಽᨆࠍታᣉߒߚޕฦ↪ߪࠄࠇߥ߆ߞߚ߇ WMC 㜞⟲ߩᣇ߇ૐ⟲ࠃࠅ߽ P300 ᝄ߇ᄢ߈߆ߞߚ(Figure 1)ޕ Target㧘߅ࠃ߮ Non-target probe ߦኻߔࠆ P300 ᝄߦ߅ߡ߽ ห᭽ߩಽᢔಽᨆࠍታᣉߒߚ߇ WMC ߦࠃࠆ㆑ߪࠄࠇߥ߆ ߞߚޕNon-target probe ߦኻߔࠆ N200 ᝄߦ߽ห᭽ߩ 4 ⷐ࿃ ಽᢔಽᨆࠍታᣉߒߚޕWMC᧦ઙฦ probe ߩ㑆ߦᗧߥ ↪߇ࠄࠇߚޕਅᬌቯߩ⚿ᨐ㧘2 choice ᧦ઙߩ AY ♽ ߩ probe ߦኻߒߡߩߺ WMC ૐ⟲ߩᣇ߇㜞⟲ࠃࠅ߽ N200 ᝄ ߇ᄢ߈߆ߞߚޕTarget probe ߦኻߔࠆ N200 ᝄ߽ห᭽ߩ 4 ⷐ ࿃ಽᢔಽᨆࠍታᣉߒߚ߇ WMC ߦࠃࠆ㆑ߪߥ߆ߞߚޕ ⠨ ኤ No-go ᧦ઙߩ AY ♽ߩ probe ߦኻߔࠆⴕേᜰᮡ߅ࠃ߮ ERP ߩ⚿ᨐ߆ࠄ㧘WMC ߣᔕᛥߩ㑆ߦߪ㑐ଥ߇ࠄࠇߥߎ ߣ߇␜ໂߐࠇߚ ߪߣߎߩߎޕFriedman & Miyake (2004)ߩ⚿ᨐ ࠍᡰᜬߔࠆ߽ߩߢࠆ৻ޕᣇ㧘ఝᔕࠍᛥߒ⇣ߥࠆᔕ ࠍㆬߔࠆ 2 choice ᧦ઙߢߪ WMC ߦࠃࠆಣℂߩ㆑߇ࠄ ࠇߚޕWMC 㜞⟲ߪૐ⟲ࠃࠅ߽ cue ߦኻߔࠆ P300 ᝄ߇ᄢ߈ ߆ߞߚߎߣ߆ࠄ㧘ࠃࠅᵈᗧ⾗Ḯࠍ㈩ಽߔࠆߎߣ߇᧪ߚߣ⠨ ߃ࠄࠇࠆߪߣߎߩߎޕ㜞⟲ߩᣇ߇ૐ⟲ࠃࠅㆡಾߥ᭴߃ࠍᒻᚑ ߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߚน⢻ᕈࠍ␜ໂߒߡࠆߚ߹ޕ㧘WMC ૐ⟲ ߩᣇ߇㜞⟲ࠃࠅ߽ AY ♽ߩ probe ߦኻߒߡ N200 ᝄ߇ᄢ߈ ߆ߞߚޕᱜᔕ⹜ⴕߦ߅ߌࠆ N200 ᝄߪࠦࡦࡈࠢ࠻ࡕ࠾ ࠲ࡦࠣߩᒝᐲࠍᤋߒߡࠆߎߣ߆ࠄ㧘ૐ⟲ߪ AY probe ߦ ኻߒߡࠃࠅࠦࡦࡈࠢ࠻߇↢ߓߚߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆߎߩࠄࠇߎޕ ߣ߆ࠄ㧘WMC 㜞⟲ߪૐ⟲ࠃࠅ߽ cue ߦኻߒߡㆡಾߥ᭴߃ࠍ ᒻᚑߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈㧘ߘߩ⚿ᨐ AY ♽ߩ probe ߦኻߒߡ FA ₸߇ૐߊ㧘ૐ⟲ߪㆡಾߥ᭴߃ࠍᒻᚑߢ߈ߥ߆ߞߚߚ AY ♽ ߩ probe ߦኻߒߡ㜞⟲ࠃࠅ߽ᄢ߈ߥ N200 ᝄࠍᗖߒߚߣ ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆޕWMC ߣఝᔕᛥߩ㑐ଥߪ㧘න⚐ߦᔕࠍ ᛥߔࠆߛߌߢߥߊ㧘ᦝߦಣℂ߇ⷐ᳞ߐࠇࠆ႐วߦࠄࠇࠆ ߎߣ߇␜ໂߐࠇߚޕ 㸫851㸫 2 choice condition A cue B cue A-X probe A-Y probe Fz Cz N200㸢 㸠P300 㸠P300 Pz 10 5 0 High span Low span 0 400 800 ms Figure 1. 2 choice ᧦ઙߩ ERP ᵄᒻ 㧔TSUCHIDA Yukio, MUROHASHI Harumitsu㧕
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