Promotion of Climate Change Countermeasures using Sewerage

Research Trends and Results
Promotion of Climate Change Countermeasures using
Sewerage
YAMASHITA Hiromasa , Head; TAJIMA Atsushi , Senior Researcher; SHIGEMURA
Hiroyuki , Senior Researcher; MICHINAKA Atsuko (Dr. Env.), Researcher; OGOSHI
Masashi , Researcher; ONISHI Shohei , Researcher; KAMATANI Satoshi , Guest Research
Engineer
Wastewater and Sludge Management Division, Water Quality Control Department
Keywords: climate change, biomass energy, dinitrogen oxide, resource circulation
1. Introduction
To promote climate change countermeasures, the
Water Quality Control Department is proceeding with
studies on the dissemination and promotion of technology
for reducing GHG emissions by controlling the
generation of dinitrogen oxide ("N2O"), one of the
greenhouse gases ("GHG") emitted from water treatment
processes and utilizing the biomass resources and energy
available from sewage.
Standard method
Nitrogen removal rate (%)
2. Control of GHG emissions from water
treatment processes
As for the N2O generated by bio-reaction, since there are
still many unclear factors including its development
mechanism, sufficient measures are not taken to control the
generation of N2O from water treatment processes. This
division, therefore, conducted a survey to grasp the status
of N2O generation at actual sewage treatment facilities, and
found that the N2O conversion rate was low and that
generation was controlled at treatment facilities with a high
nitrogen removal rate, particularly by MBR method
(Figure Fig. 1). As the result of microorganism
community analysis conducted to examine the
development mechanismdeveloping factors, it was found
that the MBR method successfully keeping kept high the
abundance
ratiopercentage
of
slow-growing
nitrite-oxidizing bacteria high since nitrite-oxidizing
bacteria are retained for a relatively held long period of
time and the design allows for longer A-SRT (time during
which active sludge is under aerobic conditions), which
resulted in sufficient nitrification and control of N2O
generation. Therefore, the possibility was suggested 新
that
技
術
even a treatment facility that has not adopted the MBR
を
導
method can control N2O generation with an appropriate
入
し
operating method, such as longer A-SRT. Since な
the
い
survey so far shows a sudden increase in N2O generation in
the treatment facilities where no Yes
nitrogen is removed,
measures for such phenomena should be sufficiently
considered.
introduction of energy recovery technology is required in
light of the potential of the country’s sewage treatment
facilities.
This division, therefore, formulated guidelines for
considering the introduction of recycling / energy
recovery technology for sewerage (Fig. 2), and
calculation tools for estimating the effect of introduction
into target treatment facilities, in order to support the
dissemination of technologies that effectively use sewage
sludge. These materials are expected to promote the
dissemination of technologies that reduce GHG
emissions in sewerage projects.
AO method
Processing method
with nitrogen
removal (except
MBR method)
MBR method
AMX method
N2O conversion rate (%)
Figure 1: Relationship between Nitrogen
Removal Rate and N2O Conversion Rate by
Treatment Method
課
題
Issues
No
技術面での可能性確認
Check
technical feasibility
Assume
technology
to be
導
入技
術の想
定
introduced
No
No
経 economic
済性検
証
Verify
efficiency
Determine
whether detailed
詳細検討実施の判断
study is required
事業スキームの想定
Assume
project scheme
No
3. Climate
change
countermeasures by
Yes
effective use of sewage sludge
In recent years, treatment facilities that introduce
recycling / energy recovery technology (biogas power
generation, solid fuel forming, etc.) using sewage
resources have been increasing, mainly in large cities.
However, since the rate of energy recovery from sewage
sludge as of the end of fiscal 2010 is about 13%, further
必要な手続きの確認
Check
necessary procedures
Table手引き
of Contents
Chapter
2: Evaluation of technology introduction
2 章：技術導入の評価
2.1 Project objective and outline of introduction
2.1 事業目標と導入技術の概要
technology
2.2
循環利用技術の導入効果
2.2 Effect
of cyclic-use technology introduction
2.3
事業ポテンシャルの確認
2.3 Verification
of project potential
2.4 Example
of potential user evaluation method
2.4
潜在的ユーザの評価方法例
2.5 Possibility
of project collaboration
2.5
事業連携の可能性
2.6 Evaluation
of technical feasibility
2.6
技術面での可能性評価
2.7 Reference
2.7
参考図書books
Chapter 3: Project feasibility evaluation
3.1 Project cost estimation method
3 章：事業の実施可能性の評価
3.2 Economic evaluation of technology
3.1
概算事業費の算定方法
3.3 Environmental
assessment
3.2
導入技術の経済生評価
3.4 Determination
of whether detailed study is
3.3 環境評価
required
3.4 詳細検討実施の判断
Chapter 4: Examination for launching project and
necessary procedures
4.1 Examination procedure and schedule
Concept of project scheme
４章4.2
：事業化に向けた検討手順と必要な手続き
4.3 Procedures in local government
4.1 検討手順とスケジュール
4.4 Discussion / Coordination with the national
4.2 事業スキームの考え方
government
4.3
自治体内での手続き
4.5 Coordination
with citizens and other concerned
4.4 国との協議・調整事項
parties
4.5
市民等関係者との調整事項
4.7 Role-sharing
4.7 役割分担
Detailed
consideration
詳細検討へ
Figure 2: Guidelines for Considering the
Introduction of Recycling / Energy Recovery
Technology --- Table of Contents and Flow (Draft)

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