Title
Ritual Fasts and Spirit Visions in the Liji
Author(s)
Citation
人文研究 (1996), 91: 99-126
Issue Date
URL
Carr, Michael
1996-03
http://hdl.handle.net/10252/1300
Rights
This document is downloaded at: 2015-01-31T22:04:15Z
Barrel - Otaru University of Commerce Academic Collections
9
9
Ri
t
u
l Fa
a
s
t
sa
ndSp
i
r
i
tVi
s
i
o
nsi
nt
h
eLi
j
i
Mi
c
haelCar
r
I
ndi
s
c
us
s
i
ngChi
ne
s
ec
e
r
e
mo
ni
alz
h
a
i暫 `
f
as
t
i
ng;
a
bs
t
i
ne
nc
e
･
,
pur
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n,
'Si
nol
o
is
g
tR F.J
o
hns
t
o
n(
pl
aye
dbyPe
t
e
rO'
Tool
ei
n Th
eLa
s
t
Empe
r
or)wr
o
t
e
:
The
r
ear
es
e
ve
r
alr
e
f
e
r
e
nc
e
si
na
nc
i
e
ntChi
ne
s
er
e
l
i
gi
o
usl
i
t
e
r
at
ur
et
o
ac
ur
i
ousbe
l
i
e
ft
hat
,whe
nt
her
i
t
e
so
fs
t
r
i
c
tpur
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
nhadbe
e
n
s
c
r
upul
o
us
l
yf
ul
f
i
l
l
e
d,
t
hepur
i
f
i
e
dwor
s
hi
ppe
rwoul
ds
e
et
hes
pi
r
i
t
st
o
who
m hi
ss
a
c
r
i
f
i
c
ewast
obeo
f
f
e
r
e
dando
nwho
m hi
st
ho
ught
sha
d
be
e
nc
o
nc
e
nt
r
a
t
e
d(
s
e
e
,
e
.
i.
,S
EE xxvi
i
.
4
4
8
,
xxvi
i
i
.
2
1
1
)
. Thi
sr
a
t
he
r
s
t
a
r
t
l
i
ngs
t
at
e
me
nts
ho
ul
dnotbet
ake
nast
hee
xpr
e
s
s
i
o
no
fal
i
t
e
r
al
be
l
i
e
ft
ha
ts
pi
r
i
t
swo
ul
dpr
e
s
e
ntt
he
ms
e
l
ve
sbe
f
or
et
hewo
r
s
hi
ppe
r
'
s
1927:4
7
2
)
bodi
l
ye
ye
s
.(
J
o
hns
t
o
ns
ugge
s
t
st
he
s
eChi
ne
s
ec
hr
oni
c
l
e
sa
bou
tf
a
s
t
i
ngi
ndi
c
a
t
ee
i
t
he
r
"
t
hes
ur
vi
valofpr
e
hi
s
t
o
r
i
cbe
l
i
e
f
s
"s
i
mi
l
a
rt
ogua
r
di
a
ns
pi
r
i
t
so
fNa
t
i
ve
Ame
r
i
c
anso
r"
ps
yc
hi
c
aldi
s
t
ur
banc
e
swhi
c
hr
e
s
ul
t
e
di
n`
vi
s
i
o
ns
"
's
i
mi
l
a
r
t
omanyChr
i
s
t
i
ans
e
c
t
s
. Thepr
e
s
e
nta
r
t
i
clelr
e
c
ons
i
de
r
st
he
s
e"
c
ur
i
o
us
"
f
a
s
t
i
nduc
e
ds
pi
r
i
tmani
f
e
s
t
a
t
i
onst
hr
o
ughs
i
xs
t
e
ps
:
Ⅰ
.
c
he
c
ki
ngJo
hns
t
on'
S
,
1
.Th
i
sa
r
t
i
c
l
ei
sd
e
d
i
c
a
t
e
di
nl
o
v
i
n
gme
mo
r
yo
fTe
r
r
ya
ndJ
a
y
'
sp
a
r
e
n
t
s
J
i
mmi
eE.Re
a
r
do
n(
1
9
03-1
99
2
)a
n
dJ
a
me
sH.
Re
a
r
do
n
,J
r
.(
1
906-1
99
5
)
.
Tha
n
ksgot
oMa
t
t
h
e
wHa
nl
e
y,Pe
iZh
u
n,a
ndPe
t
e
rRi
c
h
t
e
rf
o
rc
o
r
r
e
c
t
i
n
g
mi
s
t
a
ke
si
ne
a
r
l
i
e
rve
r
s
i
o
n
s
.
1
00
人
文 研
究
第 91 輯
S
EE [
S
a
c
p
e
dBo
o
k
so
ft
h
eEa
s
t
]quot
e
sf
r
o
m Le
gge'
sLl
'
j
'
it
r
ans
l
a
t
i
on,I
I
.
r
e
c
he
c
ki
ng t
heo
r
i
inalChi
g
ne
s
e Ll
j
i産記 [
Re
c
o
r
d ofRi
t
ual
s
/
Ri
t
e
s
]
Ⅰ
Ⅰ
.c
o
mpa
r
i
ngLe
gge
'
swi
t
ho
t
he
rt
r
a
ns
l
a
t
i
o
ns
,Ⅰ
Ⅴ.l
ooki
ngi
nt
o
s
o
ur
c
e
,Ⅰ
"Ⅴ.e
l
uc
i
da
t
i
ngt
heme
a
ni
ngo
f
whatJ
o
hns
t
o
nc
al
l
s=
s
e
ve
r
alr
e
f
e
r
e
nc
e
s
,
Z
h
a
i'
r
i
t
ualf
a
s
t
i
ng,
'a
ndVI
.put
t
i
ngLi
j
if
as
t
si
nt
oc
r
o
s
s
c
ul
t
ur
alpe
r
s
pe
c
t
i
ve
.
Ⅰ
.Thef
i
r
s
ts
t
e
pi
st
oi
n
ve
s
t
i
ga
t
eJo
hns
t
on'
sr
e
f
e
r
e
nc
e
sf
r
om
Le
gge
'
S(
1
8
8
5
)Lt
j
it
r
a
ns
l
a
t
i
o
n. Cha
pt
e
r9
,
J
h
l
0Te
s
h
e
n
g郊特牲 [
Subur
banSac
r
i
f
i
c
eo
faSi
ngl
eVi
c
t
i
m]
,f
i
ni
s
he
swi
t
h:
Theda
r
kc
ol
o
ur
e
dr
o
be
swo
r
ndur
i
ngvi
gi
la
ndpur
i
f
i
c
at
i
o
nhad
r
e
f
e
r
e
nc
et
ot
heoc
c
upat
i
o
no
ft
het
hought
swi
t
ht
heda
r
ka
nduns
e
e
n.
He
nc
eaf
t
e
rt
het
hr
e
eda
yso
fpur
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
on,
t
hes
upe
r
i
o
rma
nwa
ss
ur
e
r
.
(
t
os
e
e
m)t
os
e
et
ho
s
et
owhom hi
ss
ac
r
i
f
i
c
ewast
obeo
f
f
e
r
e
d. (
t
Le
ggeI
:4
4
8
)
Thebe
inni
g
ngo
fc
ha
pt
e
r24,ノ砂i祭義 [
Me
ani
ngso
fSac
r
i
f
i
c
e
]
,di
s
c
us
s
e
s
2a
nds
a
ys
:
s
a
c
r
i
f
i
c
i
nga
tpr
ope
rt
i
me
s
Thes
e
ve
r
e
s
tvi
gi
la
ndpur
i
f
i
c
at
i
oni
smai
nt
ai
ne
da
ndc
a
r
r
i
e
don
i
nwa
r
dl
y;
whi
l
eal
oos
e
rvi
gi
li
smai
nt
ai
ne
de
xt
e
r
nal
l
y. Dur
i
ngt
heda
yo
f
l
,t
hemour
ne
rt
hi
nkso
fhi
sde
pa
r
t
e
d,ho
w andwhe
r
et
he
ys
a
t
,
s
uc
hvi
gi
ho
wt
he
ys
mi
l
e
da
nds
poke
,wha
twe
r
et
he
i
rai
msandvi
e
ws
,wha
tt
he
y
de
l
i
ht
g
e
di
n,a
ndwha
tt
hi
ngst
he
yde
s
i
r
e
da
nde
n
j
o
ye
d. Ont
het
hi
r
dday
o
fs
uc
he
xe
r
c
i
s
ehewi
l
ls
e
et
ho
s
ef
o
rwho
mi
ti
se
mpl
o
ye
d.
Ont
hedayo
fs
ac
r
i
f
i
c
e
,whe
nbee
nt
e
r
st
hea
pa
r
t
me
nt(
o
ft
he
2
.Fo
re
xa
mpl
e[
t
r
.
Le
g
geI
I
:
2
1
0
],
"
I
ns
p
r
i
n
g-h
ec
a
n
no
ta
vo
i
d[
i
.
e
.
,均′
o
u泌
育,
s
e
ep.
1
0
4
]be
i
n
gmo
v
e
dbyaf
e
e
l
i
n
ga
si
fh
ewe
r
es
e
e
i
n
ghi
sd
e
pa
r
t
e
d
f
r
i
e
n
d
s
.
"
Ri
t
u
a
lFa
s
t
sa
n
dS
p
i
r
i
tVi
s
i
o
n
si
nt
h
eLi
j
i
101
t
e
mpl
e
)
,hewi
l
ls
e
e
mt
os
e
e(
t
hede
c
e
a
s
e
d)i
nt
hepl
a
c
e(
whe
r
ehi
ss
pi
r
i
t
t
a
bl
e
ti
s
)
. Af
t
e
rheha
smo
ve
da
bo
ut(
andpe
r
f
o
r
me
dhi
so
pe
r
a
t
i
o
ns
)
,a
nd
i
sl
e
a
vi
nga
tt
hedoo
r
,hewi
l
ls
e
e
mt
obea
r
r
e
s
t
e
dbyhe
a
r
i
ngt
hes
o
unds
o
fhi
smo
ve
me
nt
s
,a
ndwi
l
ls
i
gha
shes
e
e
mst
ohe
a
rt
hes
o
undo
fhi
s
s
i
ghi
ng. (
t
r
.Le
ggeI
I
:2
1
0
2
1
1
)
"ac
c
ur
a
t
e
l
y
Ar
et
he
s
es
t
a
t
e
me
nt
s
,
whi
c
hJ
o
hns
t
onf
o
undH
r
a
t
he
rs
t
a
r
t
l
i
ng,
t
r
a
ns
l
at
e
d?
Ⅰ
Ⅰ
.St
e
pt
woi
st
ove
r
i
f
ybyc
o
ns
ul
t
i
ngLe
gge
'
so
r
i
gi
nalChi
ne
s
e
s
o
ur
c
e
. Thec
anoni
c
alLZ
j
it
e
xti
st
he(
1
8
1
5
)Shi
s
a
n
j
i
n
gz
hu
s
hu十三経注
疏 [
Thi
r
t
e
e
nCl
a
s
s
i
c
swi
t
hCo
mme
nt
a
r
ya
ndSubc
o
mme
nt
a
r
y]e
di
t
e
dby
1
7
6
4
1
8
4
9
)
,whi
c
hi
nc
l
ude
se
ar
l
ya
nnot
at
i
o
nsbyZhe
ng
Rua
nYua
n院元 (
1
2
7
2
0
0
)
,LuDe
mi
ng陸徳明 (
5
5
6
6
2
7
)
,a
ndKo
ngYi
ngda孔頴
Xua
n鄭玄 (
逮(
5
7
4
6
4
8
)
. Toanal
yz
eho
wt
heLl
'
}
'
ide
s
c
r
i
be
st
he
s
ef
a
s
t
i
nduc
e
ds
pi
r
i
t
ma
ni
f
e
s
t
a
t
i
o
ns
,t
hef
ol
l
o
wi
ngwi
l
lquot
et
heor
i
gi
nalc
l
as
s
i
c
alChi
ne
s
e
t
e
xt
,gi
veal
i
t
e
r
alEngl
i
s
ht
r
a
ns
l
at
i
o
n,
3p
ar
a
phr
a
s
et
he
s
ef
o
urc
omme
nt
at
o
r
s(
a
ndo
t
he
r
s
)
,a
ndl
i
ngui
s
t
i
c
al
l
ydi
s
c
us
st
hevo
c
a
bul
a
r
y.
Theノ
砂ide
s
c
r
i
pt
i
o
nc
ont
r
as
t
st
wos
t
a
ge
sofz
h
ai賛 (
o
r賓)`
f
as
t
i
ng,
.
c
a
us
e
d;a
c
hi
e
ve
d,
t
r
a
ns
mi
t
a
bs
t
i
ne
nc
e
;
it
r
ualpur
i
f
i
c
at
i
o
n'
t
ha
ta
r
ez
hi& '
wa '
di
s
pe
r
s
e
d,
s
c
at
t
e
r
e
d;
r
a
ndo
m;
s
pr
e
a
do
ut
;
t
e
d;
ut
mo
s
t
;
de
vo
t
e
d'
a
nds
a
3.Wi
t
h
i
n血el
a
p
i
d
a
r
ys
y
n
t
a
xo
fc
l
a
s
s
i
c
a
lChi
n
e
s
e
,
s
u
b
j
e
c
t
sa
r
eu
s
u
a
l
l
yo
mi
t
t
e
d
.Fo
ri
n
s
t
a
n
c
e
,t
h
i
sJ
t
'
y
i(
4
7
/
2
a
)pa
s
s
a
ge
wh
e
nu
n
d
e
r
s
t
a
nd
a
bl
ef
r
o
mc
o
n
t
e
xt
l
i
t
e
r
a
l
l
ys
a
y
s膏三 日乃見其所為膏者 `
f
a
s
tt
h
r
e
eda
y
s
,
t
he
ns
e
et
ho
s
ef
o
rwho
m
f
a
s
t
e
d.
'En
gl
i
s
hl
a
n
g
ua
g
es
e
xi
s
mc
u
s
t
o
ma
r
i
l
yr
e
n
d
e
r
su
n
d
e
r
s
t
o
o
dChi
n
e
s
e
t
h
i
r
dpe
r
s
o
ns
u
b
j
e
c
t
sa
sh
e
,
･
e
.
g.
,
Le
g
ge
'
S"
hewi
l
ls
e
e
.
" Ho
we
ve
r
,
t
h
eLi
j
i(
e
.
g･
･4
9
/
5
a
･p･
1
1
6
)s
pe
c
i
f
i
e
sbo
t
hme
na
ndwo
m.
e
nc
a
r
r
yi
ngo
u
tr
i
t
ua
lf
a
s
t
s
･
Thef
o
l
l
o
wi
n
gt
r
a
n
s
l
a
t
i
o
n
swi
l
le
mp
l
o
yno
n
s
e
xi
s
tO
neS
u
b
j
e
c
t
s
;
t
hu
s
,
'
l
a
f
t
e
r
]
'
f
a
s
t
i
n
gt
h
r
e
ed
a
y
s
,[
o
ne
]t
h
e
ns
e
e
st
ho
s
ef
o
rwho
m[
o
n
e
]f
a
s
t
e
d.
10
2
人
文 研
究 第
9
1輯
r
e
l
axe
d'
;l
i
s
t
sf
i
vet
o
pi
c
st
ot
hi
nk/
me
di
t
a
t
ea
bo
ut(
t
hede
c
e
as
e
d'
S居虞
`
l
i
f
e
s
t
yl
e
,dai
l
yl
i
f
e
,
'笑語 `
j
oke
s
;s
t
o
r
i
e
s
,
'志意 `
a
s
pi
r
at
i
ons
;i
nt
e
nt
i
o
ns
,
'所
whatt
he
ye
n
j
o
ye
d,pl
e
a
s
ur
e
s
,
'a
nd所噂 `
whatt
he
yde
s
i
r
e
d,f
o
ndne
s
柴 `
s
e
s
'
)
;a
ndde
s
c
r
i
be
st
wovi
s
uala
ndt
woa
udi
t
o
r
ys
pi
r
i
tma
t
e
r
i
al
i
z
a
t
i
ons
.
Theo
r
i
gi
nalChi
ne
s
e
,andl
i
t
e
r
alt
r
ans
l
at
i
o
n,i
s
:
致賛於内散膏於外
資之 日思其居虞思其笑語思其志意思某所柴思某所噂
膏三 日乃見某所為替者
有聞乎其容輩
祭之 日入室優然必有見乎其任
用還出戸粛然必
出戸而聴悔然必有聞乎其嘆息之馨 (
4
7
/
2
a2
b)
De
vot
e
df
a
s
t
i
n
gi
si
ns
i
de
;di
s
s
i
pa
t
e
df
a
s
t
i
ngi
so
ut
s
i
de
. On
,
f
as
t
da
ys
,[
one
]t
hi
nksa
bo
utt
he
i
r[
one'
sde
c
e
a
s
e
dpa
r
e
nt
'
S
]l
i
f
e
s
t
yl
e
t
he
i
rj
oke
s
,t
he
i
ra
s
pi
r
at
i
o
ns
,t
he
i
rpl
e
a
s
ur
e
s
,andt
he
i
rf
ond
ne
s
s
e
s
.
[
Af
t
e
r
]f
a
s
t
i
ngt
hr
e
edays
,t
he
n[
o
ne
]s
e
e
st
ho
s
e[
s
pi
r
i
t
s
]f
o
r
who
m[
o
ne
]f
a
s
t
e
d. Ont
hedayo
ft
hes
ac
r
i
f
i
c
e
,whe
n[
o
ne
]e
nt
e
r
s
t
het
e
mpl
e
,a
ppa
r
e
nt
l
y[
o
ne
]mus
ts
e
et
he
ma
tt
hes
pi
r
i
t
t
a
bl
e
t
s
.
Whe
n[
o
ne
]r
e
t
ur
nst
ogoo
utt
hedoo
r[
a
f
t
e
rmaki
ngs
a
c
r
i
f
i
c
e
s
]
,
s
ol
e
mnl
y[
o
ne
]mus
the
a
rs
o
und
so
ft
he
i
rappe
a
r
a
nc
e
. Whe
n[
o
ne
]
goe
so
utt
hedoo
randl
i
s
t
e
ns
,e
mo
t
i
o
nal
l
y[
o
ne
]mus
the
a
rs
o
undso
f
t
he
i
rs
i
ghi
ngbr
e
a
t
h. (
t
r
.aut
h.
)
`
De
vo
t
e
d'a
nd`
di
s
s
i
pa
t
e
d'z
hi
z
h
ai致 替 a
nds
a
nz
h
ai散膏 f
as
t
s(
Le
gge'
S
"
S
e
ve
r
e
s
tvi
ila
g
ndpur
i
f
i
c
at
i
o
n"a
nd"
l
oo
s
e
rvi
il
g
"
)a
r
ede
s
c
ibe
r
da
sne
i内
`
i
ns
i
de
;i
nne
r
'a
ndu
)
a
i外 `
o
ut
s
i
de
;out
e
r
'
- butf
o
runs
pe
c
i
f
i
e
dl
o
c
a
t
i
o
ns
(
Le
gge
'
S"
i
nwar
dl
y.
"e
xt
e
r
nal
l
y"
)
. Co
mme
nt
ar
i
e
st
oc
o
r
r
e
s
po
ndi
ngLl
'
j
'
i
r
i
t
ualf
a
s
t
i
ngde
s
c
r
i
pt
i
ons(
e.
gリ7
/
9
a,p.
1
1
6
)s
pe
c
i
f
y`
i
ns
i
de
/
o
ut
s
i
de
't
he
f
a
s
t
e
r
'
sus
uall
i
vi
ngq
ua
r
t
e
r
s
. Ho
we
ve
r
,Wa
ngKai
yun 王閣運 (
1
8
3
2
1
9
1
6
)f
i
gur
a
t
i
ve
l
yi
nt
e
r
pr
e
t
sne
ta
ndwa
ft
ome
an`
i
nne
r
'x
i
n心 `
he
a
r
t
;
mi
nd'?nd`
o
ut
e
r
'x
i
n
g形 `
body;f
o
r
m,
'whi
c
hKar
l
gr
e
n(
1
9
7
1
,no.
4
5
3
)
t
r
a
ns
l
a
t
e
s
,"
The(
ac
hi
e
ve
d:
)C
o
mpl
e
t
epur
i
f
i
c
at
i
o
ni
si
nt
hehe
a
r
t
,t
he
s
l
ac
ke
rpur
i
f
i
c
at
i
oni
si
nt
hebod
y.
" Zhe
ngno
t
e
sz
hi
z
h
ai'
de
vo
t
e
df
as
t
i
ng'
Ri
t
u
a
lFa
s
t
sa
n
dS
p
i
r
i
tVi
s
i
o
n
si
nt
h
eLZ
j
i
103
me
a
nst
het
hr
e
eda
yswhe
no
net
hi
nksa
bo
utt
hede
c
e
a
s
e
dpa
r
e
nt
'
S`
l
i
f
e
-
,
'
s
t
yl
e
,
j
oke
s
,
as
pi
r
a
t
i
o
ns
,
pl
e
as
ur
e
s
,
andf
ondne
s
s
e
s(
e
s
p.
f
oodsanddr
i
nks
)
whi
l
es
a
nz
h
ai'
di
s
pe
r
s
e
df
a
s
t
ng'me
i
a
nst
hepr
e
c
e
di
ngs
e
ve
ndayswhe
n
onea
bs
t
ai
nsf
r
om s
e
x,mus
i
c
,a
ndc
o
ndol
e
nc
evi
s
i
t
s(
c
f
.Ll
'
j
i2
/
2
6
a,3
/
2
a
)
.
I
nc
o
unt
e
r
poi
nt
,Kongbe
l
i
e
ve
st
het
hr
e
edayso
ff
as
t
i
ngwe
r
ei
npr
e
par
at
i
o
nf
ort
hemi
n
g
j
i明祭 `
br
i
ht
g
/
s
pi
r
i
ts
ac
r
i
f
i
c
e
'
4a
nds
aysz
hi
z
h
aime
a
ns
S居庭 `
l
i
f
e
s
t
yl
e
'
t
hef
i
l
i
alpe
r
s
o
nc
o
nc
e
nt
r
a
t
i
ngont
hede
c
e
a
s
e
dpa
r
e
nt
'
t
ha
ti
spr
i
mar
yamo
ngt
hef
i
ve
,whi
l
es
a
nz
h
aime
a
nst
hes
u
bs
e
que
ntf
o
ur
,.
.
.
'me
di
t
a
t
i
o
ns
.
`
j
oke
s
,
Thi
sr
e
mar
ka
bl
eLz
j
ic
o
nt
e
xtde
s
c
r
i
be
sf
o
urs
pi
r
i
tma
ni
f
e
s
t
a
t
i
o
ns
ones
e
e
na
f
t
e
rt
hr
e
edayso
fpr
e
pa
r
a
t
o
r
yz
hi
z
h
ait
a
s
t
i
ng,t
heo
t
he
r
ss
e
e
n
andhe
a
r
dont
hes
a
c
r
i
f
i
c
eda
y. Thef
o
r
me
rde
s
c
r
i
pt
i
on(
1
)s
ayso
neF=
日`
f
a
s
t
st
hr
e
edays
'andna
i乃 `
t
he
n,o
nl
yt
he
n;a
f
t
e
rt
ha
t
,
af
t
e
r
war
ds
;
s
o,
t
he
r
e
f
o
r
e'見其所為替者 `
s
e
e
st
hos
ef
o
rwhom [
o
ne
]f
a
s
t
e
d.
∫ Zhe
n
g
e
xpl
ai
nst
he
s
es
pi
r
i
tvi
s
ual
i
z
a
t
i
o
nsi
nt
e
r
mso
ft
hef
a
s
t
e
r
'
S思 `
t
ho
ught
s
,
t
hi
nki
ng'
be
c
omi
ng熟 `
r
i
pe
;
e
xpe
r
i
e
nc
e
d;
i
nt
i
ma
t
e
,
we
l
lac
q
uai
nt
e
d,
ac
c
us
t
o
me
d'wi
t
ht
hede
c
e
a
s
e
d. Ko
ngr
e
i
t
e
r
a
t
e
st
ha
ti
fones
uf
f
i
c
i
e
nt
l
y思念
`
t
hi
nksa
bo
ut
'o
ne'
spa
r
e
nt
als
pi
r
i
t
st
ot
hepo
i
ntofbe
c
o
mi
ng鈍熟 `
i
nt
i
-
't
he
ywi
l
lbe目想之若見 `
a
si
f
ma
t
e,ha
r
mo
ni
o
us
;pr
a
c
t
i
c
e
d,we
l
l
ve
r
s
e
d,
s
e
e
n/
Vi
s
i
bl
ei
nt
hee
xpr
e
s
s
i
o
no
ft
hel
o
ne
'
S
]e
ye
s
.
'
Thel
at
t
e
rJt
'
yipa
s
s
a
gede
s
c
r
i
be
ss
pi
r
i
t
i
s
mswhe
nt
hef
a
s
t
e
r
s(
2
)
4
)d
e
pa
r
tt
heanc
e
s
t
r
alt
e
mpl
ewi
t
hgr
a
mma
t
i
c
al
l
y
e
nt
e
r
,(
3
)l
e
a
ve
,a
nd(
b
r
i
g
ht
;e
nl
i
ht
g
e
n
e
d;p
u
r
e
;c
l
e
a
r
,ma
n
i
f
e
s
t
'ha
sas
p
e
c
i
a
ls
e
n
s
eo
f
4
.Mi
n
g明 `
'e
.
g.
,i
ne
xp
e
n
s
i
ves
y
mbo
l
i
cg
r
a
vego
o
d
swe
r
ec
a
l
l
e
d
`
s
pi
r
i
t
;s
o
u
l
;r
e
ve
r
e
n
t
,
br
i
g
h
t
/
s
p
i
r
i
tt
hi
n
g
s
.
'
mi
n
gq
i明器 `
104
人
文 研
究 第
9
1輯
i
de
nt
i
c
alphr
a
s
e
s
:r
an 然 s
uf
f
i
xe
dad
ve
r
b+b
i
yo
u 必有 `
ne
c
e
s
s
a
r
i
l
y/
メ+ji
a
n/we
n huq
i見/聞乎其 `
s
i
ht
g
/
he
a
r
i
ngof
c
e
r
t
ai
nl
yhave
;mus
tbe
.
}
;t
hati
s
,i
nt
r
a
ns
l
a
t
i
o
n,'
ADV1
yl
one
]mus
ts
e
e
/
he
a
rt
he
i
r.
.
}
t
he
i
r.
(
2
)Thea
ppa
r
i
t
i
ont
ha
to
ne`
mus
ts
e
e
'a
tt
heu
)
e
i位 `
s
pi
r
i
t
t
a
bl
e
t
;
pl
ac
e;Po
s
i
t
i
o
n'a
f
t
e
re
nt
e
r
i
ngt
het
e
mpl
ei
sadve
r
bi
al
l
ymodi
f
i
e
dwi
t
hai
倭(
t
he"
pe
r
s
o
nr
a
di
c
al
/
s
i
gni
f
i
c"イ andt
heai愛 `
l
o
ve
'phone
t
i
c
)`
a
ppa
r
-
r
an@ # as
e
nt
l
y,i
ndi
s
t
i
nc
t
,o
bs
c
ur
e
;
s
ho
r
to
fbr
e
a
t
h,
pa
nt
.
' Lugl
o
s
s
e
sai
微見貌 `
s
l
i
ht
g
l
yvi
s
i
bl
e'
a
ndKo
nga
sa
i
a
i`
o
bs
c
ur
e
d;
hi
dde
n'
o
r努努見 `
s
e
e
/
71
,no.
a
ppe
ari
ndi
s
t
i
nc
t
l
y;s
e
e
mt
o,a
si
f
;r
e
s
e
mbl
e
.
' Whi
c
hKar
l
gr
e
n(
1
9
4
5
1
)t
r
a
ns
l
at
e
s
:
"
Appe
a
r
i
ngi
ndi
s
t
i
nc
t
l
y,
asi
fhe(
t
hede
adf
a
t
he
r
)c
e
r
t
a
i
nl
y
we
r
et
obes
e
e
ni
nhi
spl
a
c
e.
" Ko
ngs
aysont
hemor
ni
ngoft
hes
ac
r
i
f
i
c
e
t
hi
nka
bo
ut
;r
e
me
mbe
r
,mi
s
s
't
he
i
rpar
e
nt
s
,a
nd
da
y,f
i
l
i
alpe
o
pl
e想念 `
,想象 `
i
ma
gi
ne
,
vi
s
ual
i
z
e'
t
hes
pi
r
i
t
sd
ur
i
n
gt
he陰
upo
ne
nt
e
r
i
ngt
het
e
mpl
e
da
r
ks
ac
r
i
f
i
c
eo
fs
a
t
i
s
f
ac
t
i
o
n.
'
5 Ko
nge
xpl
a
i
nsvi
s
ual
i
z
i
ngpa
r
e
nt
al
厭 `
j
i
n
g 詩経 [
Booko
fPo
e
t
r
y]
s
pi
r
i
t
swi
t
hc
l
a
s
s
i
c
alc
i
t
a
t
i
on
sf
r
o
mt
heShz
l
o
ve
d/
hi
dde
na
ndno
ts
e
e
n"- t
aki
nga
i愛 `
l
o
ve
'a
sa
(
4
2
_
1
)愛而不見 "
i憂 (
t
he"
pl
a
ntr
adi
c
al
"紳 a
nd
gr
a
phi
cl
oan(
Kar
l
gr
e
n1
9
6
4
,no.
1
1
5
)f
ora
ne
t
i
c
)`
hi
de
,hi
dde
n'
- a
nd t
heConf
uc
i
a
n Lun
yu 論語
t
hi
s ai愛 pho
[
Anal
e
c
t
s
](
3
.
1
2
)r
e
c
o
mme
nda
t
i
o
nt
ha
to
nes
ho
ul
d祭如存 `
s
a
c
r
i
f
i
c
ea
si
f
5
.Chi
ne
s
ea
n
c
e
s
t
r
ls
a
a
c
r
i
f
i
c
e
si
n
vo
l
ve
das
k
iF '
p
e
r
s
o
na
t
o
ro
ft
h
ed
e
a
d'
(
Ca
r
r
1
9
8
5
)
,e
s
p
e
c
i
a
l
l
ywhe
ns
o
me
o
n
ed
i
e
dp
r
e
ma
t
u
r
e
l
ya
n
dl
e
f
tnod
e
s
c
e
n
d
a
n
tt
o
p
r
e
s
e
n
to
f
f
e
r
ng
i
s
.TheLZ
j
i(
1
9
/
1
4
b
)q
uo
t
e
sCo
n
uc
f
i
u
s孔子 (
5
5
1
4
7
9B.
C.
E.
)
5
0
5
4
3
6
?
)
,
mee
xe
mpl
a
ro
ff
i
l
i
a
l
p
i
e
t
y(
s
e
ep.
1
2
1
)
,
a
n
dhi
sd
i
s
c
i
pl
eZe
n
gz
i曽子 (
d
i
s
c
u
s
s
i
n
gwh
e
t
he
rs
a
c
r
i
f
i
c
e
sr
e
q
u
i
r
epe
r
s
o
na
t
o
r
s
.Co
n
f
u
c
i
u
sd
i
s
t
i
n
g
u
i
s
h
e
s
i
n`
d
a
r
k'a
n
d陽 y
a
n
g`
l
i
ht
g
'o
f
f
e
r
i
n
g
so
fy
a
n厭 `
s
a
t
i
s
f
a
c
t
i
o
n,
be
t
we
e
n陰 y
s
a
t
i
a
t
i
o
n'
(
t
r
.
Le
g
g
eI
:
3
3
8
)
:"
The
r
ei
st
h
eo
f
f
e
r
i
n
go
fs
a
t
i
s
f
a
c
t
i
o
nma
d
ei
nt
he
d
a
r
kc
ha
mbe
r
,
a
n
dt
ha
tma
d
ei
nt
h
ebr
i
g
h
t
e
rp
l
a
c
e
.
" Hee
xpl
a
i
n
s也a
te
l
d
e
s
t
l陰厭 `
d
a
r
ko
f
f
e
r
i
n
g'
o
f`
s
a
t
i
s
f
a
c
s
o
n
swhod
i
e
dy
o
u
n
gwo
u
l
dbegi
v
e
nt
h
ef
ul
t
i
o
n'
;a
n
do
t
he
r
swo
ul
db
egi
ve
nt
hepa
r
t
i
a
l陽厭 `
l
i
g
h
to
f
f
e
r
i
n
g.
'
-
Ri
t
u
a
lFa
s
t
sa
n
dS
p
i
itVi
r
s
i
o
n
si
nt
h
eLi
j
i
105
[
s
pi
r
i
t
s
]a
r
epr
e
s
e
nt
.
'
(
3
)Thea
ppar
i
t
i
o
nt
ha
tone`
mus
the
ar
'
whe
nl
e
a
vi
ngi
sadve
r
bi
al
l
y
u粛 `
s
ol
e
mn,ma
j
e
s
t
i
c
;r
e
s
pe
c
t
ul
f
,r
e
ve
r
e
nt
;e
a
ge
r
,hur
de
s
c
r
i
be
dwi
t
hs
r
i
e
d;s
e
ve
r
e(
e
s
p.c
ol
d
)
;s
hr
i
nk,s
hr
i
ve
l
;be
at
i
ng (
s
o
unds
)
.
' Kong onc
e
a
gai
ne
xpl
ai
nst
hr
oughr
e
d
upl
i
c
a
t
i
o
n,
s
a
yi
ngt
ha
ta
f
t
e
rmaki
ngt
hes
ac
r
i
f
i
-
u
s
uy
l
a
n`
s
ol
e
mnl
y,
r
e
ve
r
e
nt
l
y;
e
a
ge
r
l
y,
hur
r
i
e
dl
y;
t
hr
o
bc
i
alof
f
e
r
i
ngs
,o
nes
f
r
i
ht
g
e
ne
dbr
e
at
h;ga
s
p'(
cf
.嘆息 `
s
i
hi
g
ngbr
e
a
t
h'o
n
bi
ngl
y'g
ive
sa傑息 `
1
02)
. Cb
e
nHao陳浩 (
1
261-1
341
)gl
o
s
s
e
st
hes
e
ns
o
r
yc
o
nt
r
adi
c
t
i
o
no
f
p.
he
ar
i
ngt
he畢動 `
mo
t
i
o
n;a
c
t
i
vi
t
y'o
fas
pi
r
i
t
'
S容 `
a
ppe
a
r
a
nc
e
,
l
ooks
;
f
a
c
e,
c
o
unt
e
na
nc
e'
;Kar
l
gr
e
n(
1
9
7
1
,m0.4
5
5
)t
r
a
ns
l
at
e
s
:"
The
r
ei
sc
e
r
t
a
i
nl
y
s
o
me
t
hi
ngt
ohe
a
ro
ft
hes
o
und
so
fhi
s(
a
ppa
r
i
t
i
o
n:
)c
onf
i
gur
a
t
i
on,
"i
.
e
.
,
notEng
li
s
h,butFr
e
nc
hc
o
n
fz
'
guy
l
at
i
o
n`
o
ut
l
i
ne
,pr
o
f
i
l
e
;f
o
r
m,s
ha
pe
.
'
(
4
)Thef
i
nals
pi
r
i
t
i
s
mt
ha
to
ne`
mus
the
a
r
'whe
nde
pa
r
t
i
ngt
he
f
i
l
l
e
dw
it
hf
e
e
l
i
ng,hi
hl
g
y
t
e
mpl
ei
sr
e
c
o
unt
e
dwi
t
h ad
ve
r
bi
alk
ai慌 `
a
i悔
e
mot
i
onal
;e
xas
pe
r
a
t
e
d;an
gr
y,wr
at
hf
ul
.
' Lus
pe
c
i
f
i
e
sr
e
a
di
ng k
i
ns
t
ea
dofx
iJ
R'
s
i
h ;gr
g
oa
n,
'a
nde
xpl
a
i
nsk
ai
y
;
anasl
i
s
t
e
ni
ngo
ut
s
i
det
he
i
k
a
i
y
t
Z
n`
e
mo
t
i
o
nal
l
y,
･e
xa
s
pe
r
a
t
i
ngl
y.
' Zhe
ngi
nf
e
r
s
doorqui
e
t
l
yand ka
t
ha
t`
r
e
t
ur
nst
ogoo
utt
hedoo
r
'me
a
nswa
i
t
i
ngs
uf
f
i
c
i
e
ntt
i
met
o薦設
`
makes
ac
r
i
f
i
c
i
als
e
t
t
i
n
gs
'
;whi
c
hKo
nge
xpl
ai
nsa
st
heme
a
tandve
ge
t
ar
i
f
i
c
ewi
t
hSi
ngl
e
bl
eo
f
f
e
r
i
ngss
e
tf
o
r
t
hi
nc
e
r
e
moni
e
sl
i
ket
he特牲 Sac
c
r
i
f
i
c
ewi
t
hSe
c
onVi
c
t
i
m(
madet
oapa
r
e
nto
rgr
and
pa
r
e
nt
)o
r少牢 Sa
ki
da
r
yVi
c
t
i
m(
t
oapr
o
ge
ni
t
o
r
)
. Zhe
ngaddst
hatwhe
ne
ve
rt
he
r
ei
snos
`
pe
r
s
o
na
t
oro
ft
hede
ad,
'o
nes
houl
dwa
i
t若食間 `
asi
ft
i
mef
o
re
a
t
i
ng'
be
f
o
r
ee
xi
t
i
nga
ndhe
a
r
i
ngt
hes
pi
r
i
t
;whi
c
hKo
ngas
t
ut
e
l
yt
r
ac
e
sba
c
kt
o
Zhe
ng'
sYz
'
l
i儀 穫 [
Et
i
que
t
t
ea
ndRi
t
ual
]C
o
mme
nt
a
r
yf
o
rapas
s
a
geus
i
ng
t
he
s
es
a
meLi
j
i還 `
r
e
t
ur
n'and出戸 `
goo
utt
hedoo
r
'wo
r
ds
. The YZ
l
i
106
人 文 研
究 第
91 輯
(
4
3
/
2
b,c
f
.
St
e
e
l
e1
9
1
7
,2
:1
1
9
)s
a
yso
nes
ho
ul
dpr
e
s
e
nts
a
c
r
i
f
i
c
i
alo
f
f
e
r
i
n
gs
i
nt
hes
a
mema
nne
rwhe
t
he
ro
rnotpe
r
s
o
na
t
o
r
sa
r
epr
e
s
e
nt
,
a
ndde
s
c
r
i
be
s
(
4
3
/
3
b)me
na
ndwo
me
nwai
l
i
ngt
hr
i
c
e如食間 `
asi
ft
i
mef
o
re
at
i
ng,
'
whe
r
e
Zhe
ngno
t
e
sl
o
nge
no
ughf
orape
r
s
ona
t
ort
o九飯 `
dr
i
nkni
net
i
me
s
.
∫
Kongquo
t
e
sHuangKa
n皇侃 (
4
8
8
5
4
5
)do
ubt
i
ngt
ha
tt
hes
a
mepr
o
c
e
dur
e
swe
r
ef
ol
l
o
we
di
nbot
h 陰厭 `
da
r
k'a
nd 陽厭 `
l
i
ghts
a
t
i
s
f
a
c
t
i
on'
s
ac
r
i
f
i
c
e
swi
t
ha
ndwi
t
ho
utpe
r
s
ona
t
o
r
s
.
The
s
eLi
j
iad
ve
r
bsa
i
y
l
a
n優然 `
appar
e
nt
l
y,
's
uy
m 粛然 `
s
ol
e
mnl
y,
'
a
ndk
ai
y
mi悔然 `
e
mot
i
onal
l
y'a
r
el
i
ngui
s
t
i
cke
yst
ot
he(
2
)
-(
4
)s
pi
r
i
t
vi
s
i
onso
rhal
l
uc
i
na
t
i
o
ns
. Pr
i
mes
e
ma
nt
i
ci
ns
i
ght
sc
o
mef
r
om t
hee
ar
l
i
e
s
tdi
c
t
i
ona
r
yt
ha
tde
f
i
ne
st
he
m,ⅩuShe
n許慎'
S(
c
a.
1
0
0C.
E.
)Shuo
u
)
e
n
s
pe
c
i
al
l
ys
i
nc
ei
t
spr
i
nc
i
palco
mme
nt
a
r
y,byDua
nYuc
ai
j
i
e
z
i説文解字,e
段玉裁 (
1
7
3
5
1
81
5
)
,quo
t
e
st
he
s
eLZ
j
ius
a
ge
so
fa
ia
ndk
a
i
.
a
ppa
r
e
nt
'asf
a
n
gf
u
Fi
r
s
t
,t
heShuo
we
nj
i
e
z
i(
8
A/
1
2
a
)de
f
i
ne
sai優 `
防備 (
t
hef
ol
l
o
wi
ng8
A/1
2
b併 and悌 de
f
i
ni
t
i
o
ns
)`
s
e
e
m/
bel
i
ke
;s
e
e
mi
ng,
a
si
f
;r
e
s
e
mbl
i
ng,s
i
mi
l
art
o;i
ndi
s
t
i
nct
,unc
l
e
a
r
,
'l
o
go
gr
a
phi
c
al
l
ya
nal
yz
e
s
ust
heai愛 `
l
o
ve'pho
ne
t
i
c;
6a
ndquo
t
e
sa
i
ta
st
he"
humanr
adi
c
al
"イ pl
hi
dde
nandno
ts
e
e
n.
'
gr
a
phi
cvar
i
antf
o
rShi
j
i
n
g(
4
2
.
1
,p.
1
0
4
)優而不見 `
Dua
nc
i
t
e
st
heLt
'
3
'
i`
Ont
hedayo
ft
hes
a
c
r
i
f
i
c
e
,whe
n[
one
]e
nt
e
r
st
he
t
e
mpl
e
,
appar
e
nt
l
y[
one
]mus
ts
e
et
he
m att
hes
pi
r
i
t
t
a
bl
e
t
s
,
'
par
a
phr
as
e
s
見如見 `
s
e
ea
si
fs
e
e
i
ng'one
'
spa
r
e
nta
tt
hes
pi
r
i
t
t
a
bl
e
t
,quo
t
e
st
heE7
ya
6
.Ch
i
n
e
s
ea
i"
l
o
ve
"i
sH
o
b
s
c
u
r
e
.
" Be
s
i
d
e
st
he"
p
l
a
n
tr
a
d
i
c
l"州 i
a
na
i憂
`
hi
d
e
,
'
t
hi
sa
i愛 `
l
o
ve
'
p
ho
ne
t
i
ci
sl
o
go
gr
a
p
h
i
c
al
l
yc
o
mb
ne
i
dwi
t
ht
h
e"
s
u
n"日,
"
e
y
e
"目,a
n
d"
c
l
o
u
d"爾r
a
d
i
c
a
l
si
nt
he
s
e`
o
b
s
c
u
r
e
d'
c
o
gn
a
t
e
s
:a
i唆 `
c
l
o
u
d
y,
d
i
m;o
b
s
c
u
r
e
,
'a
i@ '
o
bs
c
u
r
e
;hi
d
d
e
n,
'a
n
da
i# '
c
l
o
u
d
y;o
bs
c
u
r
e
'(
c
f
.a
ii
`
c
l
o
ud
y'
)
.
Ri
t
u
a
lFa
s
t
sa
n
dS
p
i
r
i
tVi
s
i
o
n
si
nt
h
eLi
j
i
107
爾雅 (
2
/
7
4
,2
/
7
5
)de
f
i
ni
t
i
onsofa
i憂 `
hi
dde
n'anda
i優 `
s
ho
r
to
fbr
e
at
h,
'
andt
heShi
j
i
n
g(
2
5
7
.
6
)如彼遡風亦孔之優 `
iket
L
hathe
ad
wi
ndt
ha
tc
o
m･
pl
e
t
e
l
ymake
s[
o
ne
]br
e
a
t
hl
e
s
s
.
'
Se
c
ond,i
t(
3
B/
2
1
b)de
f
i
ne
ss
u粛 `
s
ol
e
mn;r
e
ve
r
e
nt
'a
s持事振敬
`
hol
di
ngwi
t
hs
haki
ngr
e
ve
r
e
nc
e'
;anal
yz
e
s粛 `
c
a
ut
i
o
n;r
e
s
t
r
ai
nt
'asan
ma
nualde
xt
e
r
i
t
y'o
ve
r`
e
dd
y,whi
r
l
pool
;a
by
s
s
'
i
de
o
gr
aphc
o
mbi
ni
n
g章 `
t
ht
he"
wa
t
e
rr
a
di
c
al
"
)
;quo
t
e
sf
ro
m Sht
j
i
n
g
(
us
ual
l
ywr
i
t
t
e
nyu
a
n淵 wi
t
r
e
mbl
i
nga
ndc
a
ut
i
o
us
,
asi
fa
ppr
oac
hi
ngade
e
p
(
1
9
5
.
6
)戟戟成就如臨深淵 `
a
bys
s
'
;andno
t
e
s粛 wasa
nc
i
e
nt
l
ywr
i
t
t
e
nwi
t
h心 `
he
a
r
t
,mi
nd'and P
`
kne
e
l
i
ng'i
ns
t
e
a
do
f`
e
ddy'att
hebo
t
t
om. Duanq
uo
t
e
st
heGu
an
g
yun虞
鶴 (
心覚)mu
l
t
i
pl
ede
f
i
ni
t
i
o
nofs
ua
sgo
n
g恭 `
r
e
ve
r
e
nc
e
;r
e
s
pe
ct
,
'
j
i
n
g敬
`
r
e
s
pe
c
t
;
ho
nor
,
'
j
i
e戒 `
a
bs
t
a
i
n;a
voi
d:j
i
n進 `
advanc
e
;
l
e
a
df
o
r
war
d,
〉a
nd
di
s
e
a
s
e,pai
n;s
pe
e
d'
;a
ndc
l
ai
mst
heLi
j
ius
e
sj
i
na
sagr
a
phi
cl
oa
n
j
i疾 `
f
o
rx
i
u蓋 `
s
ha
me
;bas
hf
ul
ne
s
s
,
'andj
ia
so
nef
ors
u速 `
f
as
t
,s
pe
e
d'
(
Kar
l
gr
e
n1
9
6
8
,mos
.1
3
5
0
,1
7
8
8
,1
9
8
3
)
.
e
moThi
r
d,t
heShuo
we
nj
i
e
z
i(
1
0
B/
4
4
b)de
f
i
ne
sx
i悔 (
notk
ai悔 `
t
i
o
nal
'
)a
s大息 `
bi
gs
i
gh'
;a
nal
yz
e
s悔 a
sal
o
go
g
r
ap
hwi
t
ht
he"
he
ar
t
heq
i気 `
br
e
at
h;l
i
f
e
f
o
r
c
e'pho
ne
t
i
c
;a
ndquo
t
e
st
he
r
adi
c
al
"心 andt
moa
ni
ng,Ia
wakeands
i
h.
g
' Dua
nno
t
e
ss
ome
Shl
'
j
'
i
n
g(
1
5
3
.
1
)悔我藩嘆 `
gr
e
ats
i
h
g '(
whi
c
hi
st
he2
A/
2
5
b
Shuo
u
)
e
nj
i
e
z
ie
di
t
i
o
nsmi
s
c
o
py 大息 `
s
i
h'
g
)
,a
ndq
uot
e
st
he(
p.
1
0
2
)Li
j
i`
h e
W
n[
o
ne
]go
e
so
ut
de
f
i
ni
t
i
o
no
f嘆 `
t
hedoo
randl
i
s
t
e
ns
,e
mo
t
i
onal
l
y[
o
ne
]mus
the
ars
o
undso
ft
he
i
rs
i
ghi
ng
goi
n'i
ns
t
e
a
do
f出 `
goo
ut
't
hedoor
)
.
br
e
at
h'(
mi
s
wr
i
t
i
ng入 `
I
ti
sf
a
s
c
nat
i
i
ngt
oco
ns
i
de
rwhyc
e
nt
ur
i
e
sbe
f
or
et
heLz
j
ius
e
dai健
'
appar
e
nt
;i
ndi
s
t
i
nc
t
'a
ndk
a
iJ
k'
e
mo
t
i
o
nal
;
e
xas
pe
r
a
t
e
d,
'
t
heShi
j
i
n
g(
2
5
7
,
108
人 文
研
究 第
9
1輯
1
5
3
)us
e
ddi優 `
pant
;s
t
i
f
l
e
d'andx
i悔 `
s
i
h ;g
g
r
oa
n,
'b
o
t
ho
fwhi
c
hs
har
e
ac
o
mmo
n`
e
xhal
e
'me
ani
ng. Si
nc
es
hal
l
o
wbr
e
a
t
hi
ngt
ypi
f
i
e
svi
s
i
ona
r
y
}
'
ivoc
a
bul
ar
yhi
nt
sa
t
e
xpe
r
i
e
nc
e
s(
Goodma
n1
9
8
6
:2
8
2
)
,t
hi
sunus
ualLl
a
nc
i
e
ntyo
gl
CO
r
i
gi
nsf
orr
i
t
ualf
as
t
i
ngvi
s
i
ons
.
TheJi
a
oTe
s
he
n
gde
s
c
r
i
pt
i
o
n,Jo
hns
t
on'
so
t
he
rquo
t
ef
r
o
m Le
gge
,
l
i
nkst
woChi
ne
s
ec
us
t
omsa
bo
utz
h
ai5 '
f
a
s
t
i
ng;pur
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n'wi
t
ht
he
c
o
n
j
unc
t
i
o
ngu故 `
t
hus
,he
nc
e
;t
he
r
e
f
o
r
e
,c
o
ns
e
que
nt
l
y.
'
膏之玄也以陰幽思也 故君子三 日膏必見其所為祭者 (
2
6
/
2
4
a)
Fa
s
t
i
ng[
c
l
o
t
hi
ng]i
sda
r
kbe
c
a
us
eo
f[
s
a
c
r
i
f
i
c
e
r
s
'
]dar
ka
ndgho
s
t
l
y
t
ho
ught
s
. Thus
,Supe
r
i
o
rPe
opl
e[
unde
r
go]t
hr
e
edaysf
as
t
i
nga
nd
mus
ts
e
et
hos
ef
o
rwho
mt
he
ys
ac
r
i
f
i
c
e
d.(
t
r
.a
ut
h.
)
Thi
s必見其所為祭者 `
mus
ts
e
et
ho
s
ef
o
rwho
mt
he
ys
ac
r
i
f
i
c
e
d'c
l
os
e
l
y
r
e
s
e
mbl
e
st
heJ
砂i
'
S(
p.
1
0
4
)必有見 `
mus
tha
ves
i
h to
g
f
;
mus
ts
e
e
'a
nd乃見
其所為膏者 `
t
he
ns
e
et
hos
ef
o
rwho
m[
o
ne
]f
as
t
e
d,
't
owhi
c
ht
hec
o
mme
n-
r
. Zhe
nge
xpl
a
i
ns三 日賛 `
t
hr
e
eda
ysf
as
t
[
i
ng]
'
byquo
t
i
ngt
he
t
a
t
or
sr
e
f
e
.
砂i
'
S替三 日 `
f
a
s
tt
hr
e
edays
'a
ndme
di
t
a
t
i
o
nde
s
c
r
i
pt
i
ons思其居虞 .
"
`
t
hi
nka
bout[
t
he
i
r
]l
i
f
e
s
t
yl
e…,
'
a
ndr
e
s
ol
ve
s`
t
hus…mus
ts
e
et
hos
e
'
as則
見之 `
t
he
ns
e
et
he
m'w
it
hane
a
r
s
yno
nym oft
hec
on
j
unc
t
i
ongu:z
e則
`
t
he
n,t
hus
;onl
y.
' Ko
ngde
f
i
ne
sz
h
ai斉 `
f
a
s
t
i
ng'a
st
hez
hi
j
i至祭 `
ut
mo
s
t
s
ac
r
i
f
i
ce
,
'd
i
s
c
us
s
e
ss
e
ma
nt
i
c`
da
r
k'
/
`
ho
g
s
t
'c
onne
c
t
i
o
nsbe
t
we
e
nyi
n陰
`
dar
k,s
hade
,c
l
oudy;q
ui
e
s
c
e
nt
'andyou 幽 `
da
r
k,di
m;s
ol
i
t
a
r
y;hi
dde
n;
c
f
.En
l
gi
s
hs
h
ade`
h os
g
t
'
)
;ac
ol
o
rhes
a
ysi
sc
e
r
e
moni
al
l
yr
es
e
r
e
ne
'(
pr
e
s
e
nt
e
dbyxuan玄 `
da
r
k,
bl
a
c
k;
mys
t
e
r
i
o
us
'
f
as
t
i
nggar
me
nt
s(
e.
g.
,
Li
j
i
2
9
/1
7
a玄冠 `
da
r
kc
a
p'
)
. Ko
ngi
nt
e
r
pr
e
t
s`
t
hr
e
edays
't
omea
nt
heJl
'
yi
pe
r
i
o
dofz
hi
z
h
ai致膏,
gl
o
s
s
e
s`
t
ho
s
ef
o
rwhomt
he
ys
ac
r
i
f
i
c
e
d'
asone'
S親
`
par
e
nts
,
'a
ndde
s
c
r
i
be
s如見 `
a
si
fs
e
e
i
ng't
he
m.
Ri
t
u
a
lFa
s
t
sa
n
dS
p
i
itVi
r
s
i
o
n
si
nt
h
eLi
j
i
10
9
I
I
I
.
St
e
pt
hr
e
ei
st
oc
r
os
s
l
i
ng
ui
s
t
i
c
al
l
ypa
r
al
l
e
lLe
gge'
sJi
yit
r
a
ns
l
at
i
o
nsf
o
rt
hevi
s
ual(
1
)
,(
2
)a
nda
udi
t
o
r
y(
3
)
,(
4
)s
pi
r
i
tma
ni
f
e
s
t
a
t
i
o
ns
.I
n
wha
tf
ol
l
ows
,
t
heke
ypo
r
t
i
onso
fhi
s(
1
8
8
5I
I
:21
0
211
)En
gl
i
s
hLl
'
j
'
iwi
l
lbe
c
o
nt
r
as
t
e
dwi
t
ht
heFr
e
nc
h,Ge
r
ma
n,a
ndJ
a
pa
ne
s
eve
r
s
i
ons(
t
r
a
ns
l
at
e
d
wi
t
hi
nbr
ac
ke
t
s)byCo
uvr
e
ur(
1
91
3Ⅰ
Ⅰ
:2
7
34
)
,Wi
l
he
l
m(
1
9
3
0:2
6
4
)
,a
nd
1
9
7
9:7
01
)
. Thi
spol
ygl
o
to
ve
r
vi
e
wde
mons
t
r
a
t
e
st
hes
c
opeo
f
Take
uc
hi(
appr
a
i
s
al
s
. Fori
ns
t
a
nc
e
,t
heambi
guo
usChi
ne
s
ene
i内 `
i
ns
i
de
'a
ndwa
f
外`
out
s
i
de'(
Le
gge'
S"
i
nwa
y
dl
y…e
xt
e
r
nal
l
y"
)c
a
nbei
nt
e
r
pr
e
t
e
dl
i
t
e
r
al
l
y
asr
oo
ms(
Co
uvr
e
ur
'
S "l
'
i
nt
e
'
n'
ur des
e
sa
s
par
t
e
me
nt
s .
.
.ho
r
s des
e
s
i
ns
i
de … o
ut
s
i
deofhi
sa
pa
r
t
me
nt
s
/
r
oo
ms)
,Wi
l
he
l
m'
S
a
f
Par
t
e
me
nts" (
ut
e
r
"i
nne
r
eAb
t
e
i
l
ung de
sHa
u
s
e
s… d
l
u
Be
7
1
e
n Ab
t
e
i
l
un
g"〈
i
nne
r… O
r
ooms
/
s
e
c
t
i
o
nso
ft
heho
us
e
s)
)o
rf
i
gur
at
i
ve
l
yast
hef
a
s
t
e
r
'
sme
nt
al
s
t
a
t
e
s(
Take
uc
hi
'
S"
k
o
k
wonouc
hi心の内 .
"ga
i
b
ut
s
unit
ai
s
ur
u外物 に対
す る"〈
i
ns
i
det
hehe
a
r
t
/
mi
nd.
.
.a
so
ppo
s
e
dt
oe
xt
e
r
nal
/
ma
t
e
r
i
alt
hi
ngs)
)
.
Co
mpa
r
e
d wi
t
ht
r
a
ns
l
a
t
i
ng Chi
ne
s
ei
nt
o We
s
t
e
r
nl
ang
ua
ge
s
,
J
a
pane
s
eha
st
hel
e
xi
c
aladva
nt
a
geo
fSi
noJa
pane
s
el
oa
nwo
r
ds
. Fo
rt
he
pi
vo
t
alChi
ne
s
et
e
r
mss
a
nz
h
ai散膏/Z
hi
z
h
ai致替 `
di
s
s
i
pa
t
e
d/
de
vot
e
df
a
s
t
i
ng,
'Take
uc
hius
e
st
hec
o
mmo
nJ
a
pa
ne
s
ewo
r
d"
s
a
i
k
a
i斎戒"(
pur
i
f
i
c
at
i
on,a
bl
ut
i
o
n;(
r
i
t
ua
l)f
a
s
t
ng)andt
i
her
ar
el
i
t
e
r
ar
yt
e
r
m"
s
ans
a
i##"
(
di
s
s
i
pa
t
e
df
as
t
i
ng)- bo
r
r
o
we
df
r
om Chi
ne
s
ez
h
aZ
j
i
e(
p.
1
2
2
)a
nd
7 Th
eEur
o
pe
anl
angua
get
r
a
ns
l
at
i
onsa
r
e:Ht
hes
e
v
e
y
l
e
S
tV
i
gi
l
s
a
nz
h
ai
.
o
o
s
e
rm'
gi
l
"(
Le
gge
)
,"
s
epunfi
a
i
tn'
go
ur
e
u
s
e
me
nt…
andpunf
i
c
at
i
o
n…al
7
.Chi
ne
s
e
J
a
pa
n
e
s
ed
i
c
t
i
o
na
r
i
e
sd
e
f
i
n
ez
h
i
z
h
a
i致斎 a
nds
a
nz
h
a
i散斎 (
p
r
o
n
o
u
n
c
e
dc
h
i
t
a
ia
n
ds
a
ns
a
ii
nJ
a
pa
n
e
s
e
)a
sma
i
mi鼻忌み a
n
dwa
i
mi荒忌 み
- ki
n
d
so
fi
mf'
a
bs
t
i
n
e
n
c
e
,t
a
s
t
i
n
g;mo
u
r
n
i
n
g;d
e
a
t
ha
n
ni
ve
r
s
a
r
y't
ha
ta
r
e
ma
-'
g
e
n
u
i
n
e
,t
r
u
e
,c
o
mpl
e
t
e
,f
u
l
l
;s
i
n
c
e
r
e
,s
e
r
i
o
u
s
'a
ndwa
-'
c
o
a
r
s
e
;u
n
r
e
s
t
r
a
i
ne
d
;r
o
u
g
h,c
r
u
d
e
.
'
110
人 文 研 究 第
91 輯
S'
e
^
t
r
epunj
i
e
'd'
unema
ni
e
t
r
emo
i
nsr
i
go
uy
l
e
u
S
e
"(
r
i
go
r
ous
l
y/
s
t
r
i
c
t
l
ypur
i
f
y
i
f
i
e
d/
c
l
e
a
ns
e
dl
e
s
sr
i
go
r
o
us
l
y/
s
t
r
i
c
t
l
y)(
Couvr
e
ur
)
,a
nd
one
s
e
l
f…bepur
"
Zum s
t
y
l
e
nge
nFa
s
t
e
n.
.
.g
um v
o
r
b
e
y
l
e
i
t
e
nde
nFa
s
t
e
n"
〈
s
e
ve
r
e
/
s
t
r
i
nge
nt.
.
.
pr
e
pa
r
at
o
r
y/
pr
e
l
i
mi
nar
yf
as
t
i
ng/
a
bs
t
e
nt
i
o
n〉(
Wi
l
he
l
m)
.
Thef
o
r
me
rvi
s
ualde
s
c
r
i
pt
i
o
n(
1
)t
hataf
t
e
rf
a
s
t
i
ngt
hr
e
edays
,乃見
其所為膏者 `
t
he
n[
o
ne
]s
e
e
st
hos
e[
s
pi
r
i
t
s
]f
o
rwho
m[
o
ne
]f
a
s
t
e
d'
t
r
a
ns
･
l
a
t
e
s
:
hewi
l
ls
e
et
hos
ef
o
rwho
mi
ti
se
mpl
oye
d[
Le
gge
]
8
(
s
one
s
pr
i
t
.
e
t
a
i
tt
e
l
l
e
me
nta
bs
o
r
bさpa
rc
e
spe
ns
e
e
squ'
i
lc
r
oyai
t
)Voi
r
c
e
uxpo
url
e
s
q
ue
l
si
ls
epur
i
f
i
ai
t[
Co
uvr
e
ur
]〈
(
hi
smi
ndwi
l
lbes
o
a
bs
o
r
be
dbyt
he
s
et
ho
ught
st
ha
thewi
l
l
be
l
i
e
vet
hat
)
hes
e
e
st
hos
e
f
o
rwhom hef
a
s
t
e
d)
s
oe
r
bl
i
c
kt
ee
rdi
e
,f
urdi
ee
rf
a
s
t
e
t
e[
Wi
l
he
l
m](
s
ohes
a
wt
ho
s
ef
o
r
whom hewasf
a
s
t
i
ng)
ついに故人 のお もかげが絶 えず 目先 に浮 かんでい るようにな る[
Take
-
uc
hi
](
f
i
nal
l
yt
hef
a
c
e
/
S
hado
woft
hede
c
e
as
e
dwi
l
lal
waysc
o
me
t
obef
l
oa
t
i
ngbe
f
o
r
eo
ne
'
se
ye
s)
Se
ma
nt
i
c
so
ft
hi
sJ
a
pane
s
ewo
r
do
mo
k
a
ge面影 (
l
i
t
."
f
ac
es
ha
dow"
)r
a
nge
ac
r
o
s
s`
f
ac
e
,vi
s
a
ge
;s
ha
do
w;t
r
ac
e
,Ve
s
t
i
ge
;me
mor
y.
'
Thet
r
ans
l
a
t
o
r
sgi
vedi
ve
r
s
er
e
a
di
ngsf
o
rt
hevi
s
ualde
s
c
r
i
pt
i
o
n(
2
)
,優然必有見乎其位
t
ha
to
nt
hes
a
c
r
i
f
i
c
eda
y,af
t
e
re
nt
e
r
i
n
gt
het
e
mpl
e
`
appa
r
e
nt
l
y[
o
ne
]mus
ts
e
et
he
ma
tt
hes
pi
r
i
t
t
a
bl
e
t
s
'
:
)
'
ipa
r
a
p
h
r
a
s
ei
n hi
sS
h
i
j
i
n
g(
1
8
7
1
:6
3
1
)
8
.Le
g
g
en
o
t
e
samo
r
ef
i
g
u
r
a
t
i
veLl
t
r
a
n
s
l
a
t
i
o
n:"
h
ewo
ul
dha
veac
o
mpl
e
t
ei
ma
geo
fhi
m[
hi
sa
n
c
e
s
t
o
r
]i
nhi
s
mi
nd
'
se
y
e
.
"
Ri
t
u
a
lFa
s
t
sa
n
dS
p
i
r
i
tVi
s
i
o
n
si
nt
h
eLZ
j
i
l
il
hewi
l
ls
e
e
mt
os
e
e(
t
hede
c
e
a
s
e
d)i
nt
hepl
ac
e(
whe
r
ehi
ss
pi
r
i
t
t
a
bl
e
t
i
s
)[
Le
gge
]
i
lavai
tl
'
ai
rdevoi
rl
ede
f
untえs
apl
ac
e(
えl
apl
a
c
eoもe
t
ai
ts
at
a
bl
e
t
t
e
)
[
Co
uvr
e
ur
]て
i
twi
l
ls
e
e
m asi
fhes
e
e
st
hede
c
e
a
s
e
di
nhi
spl
ac
e
(
whe
r
ehi
st
a
bl
e
ti
s
)
)
wa
re
rge
s
pa
nntdar
auf
,
daBe
rs
i
es
i
c
he
ra
ni
hr
e
mAhne
ns
i
t
ze
r
bl
i
c
ke
nwe
r
de[
Wi
l
he
l
m](
hewasc
ur
i
o
us
,whe
t
he
rhec
e
r
t
ai
nl
ys
aw
t
he
m ont
he
i
ra
nc
e
s
t
r
als
e
a
t
/
pl
a
c
e)
必ず､さなが ら故人の霊がその位置に着いているように感ぜ られるので
あり [
Take
uc
hi
](
Wi
t
ho
utf
ai
l
,
Onewi
l
lf
e
e
la
si
ft
hegho
s
to
ft
he
de
c
e
a
s
e
dha
unt
shi
spl
ac
e〉
wi
t
ht
hee
xc
e
pt
i
o
nofCouvr
e
ur
'
spa
r
e
nt
he
t
i
c
al"
q
u'
i
lc
y
1
0
y
a
i
t
"(
hewi
l
l
i乃 `
t
he
n'mo
r
e
be
l
i
e
ve)
,t
het
r
ans
l
a
t
o
r
sal
lt
r
e
atvi
s
i
o
n(
1
)wi
t
h na
f
a
c
t
ual
l
yt
ha
n(
2
)w
it
ha
i
r
a
n優然 `
a
ppa
r
e
nt
l
y.
I
Thef
o
r
me
ra
udi
t
o
r
yde
s
c
r
i
pt
i
o
n(
3
)t
ha
ta
f
t
e
rr
e
t
ur
ni
ngt
ogoba
c
k
o
utt
hedoo
r
,粛然必有聞乎其容聾 `
s
ol
e
mnl
y[
one
]mus
the
a
rs
ound
so
f
t
he
i
ra
ppe
a
r
anc
e
't
r
a
ns
l
a
t
e
s
:
hewi
l
ls
e
e
mt
obea
r
r
e
s
t
e
dbyhe
ar
i
n
gt
hes
o
undso
fhi
smo
ve
me
nt
s
[
Le
gge
]
i
le
pr
ouvai
tuns
e
nt
i
me
ntdec
r
ai
nt
er
e
s
pe
c
t
ue
us
e
,c
ommes
'
i
la
vai
t
e
nt
e
ndul
ede
unts
f
emo
uvoi
r[
Co
uvr
e
ur
](
hewi
l
le
xpe
r
i
e
nc
ea
f
e
e
l
i
ngo
fawe
,asi
fhehe
a
r
dt
hede
c
e
as
e
dmo
vi
ng〉
al
swe
r
dee
rs
i
c
he
rhO
r
e
n,
wi
es
i
es
i
°
hbe
we
ge
node
rr
e
de
n[
Wi
l
he
l
m]
〈
a
shec
e
r
t
a
i
nl
ywo
ul
dhe
a
r
,ho
wt
he
ys
t
i
r
r
e
do
rt
al
ke
d)
必 ず､厳 かな気分 に打 たれて故人 の声音 を聞 く心地 がす るので あ り
[
Take
uc
hi
]〈
wi
t
ho
utf
ai
l
,whi
l
ebe
i
ng mo
ve
dby f
e
e
l
i
ngso
f
di
gni
t
y,O
newi
l
lha
vet
hei
mpr
e
s
s
i
o
no
fhe
a
r
i
ngt
hevoi
c
eo
ft
he
112
人 文 研 究 第 91 輯
de
c
e
as
e
d)
Co
nt
r
as
tt
hea
udi
t
o
r
yde
s
c
r
i
pt
i
o
n(
4
)t
ha
taf
t
e
rgoi
ngoutt
hedoo
r
e
mo
t
i
o
nal
l
y[
o
ne
] mus
the
a
r
a
nd l
i
s
t
e
ni
ng,悔然必有聞乎其嘆息之馨 `
s
o
undso
ft
he
i
rs
i
ghi
ngbr
e
a
t
h'
:
Wi
l
ls
i
ghashes
e
e
mst
ohe
a
rt
hes
o
undo
fhi
ss
i
ghi
ng [
Le
gge
]
i
le
c
out
ai
t
,e
ts
e
mbl
ai
ts
o
upi
r
e
r
,c
o
mmes
'
i
la
vai
te
nt
e
ndul
e
ss
oupi
r
s
dudさ
f
unt[
Co
uvr
e
ur
]〈
hel
i
s
t
e
ns
,
ands
e
e
mst
os
i
h,
g
asi
fhehe
a
r
d
t
hes
i
ghsoft
hede
c
e
a
s
e
d)
l
a
us
c
ht
ee
rmi
tve
r
hal
t
e
ne
m At
e
m,al
sh6r
t
ee
rs
i
es
e
uf
z
e
n[
Wi
l
he
l
m]
〈
hel
i
s
t
e
nswi
t
hbr
e
a
t
hhe
l
d,ashewo
ul
dhe
a
rt
he
i
r
/
t
he
ms
i
ghi
ng〉
必ず､室の奥か らはっき りと故人 の嘆息が聞 こえて来 るのである[
Ta-
ke
uc
hi
]〈
wi
t
ho
utf
ai
l
,f
r
om t
hede
pt
hso
ft
her
oo
mi
twi
l
lbeas
i
ft
hes
i
ghso
ft
hede
c
e
a
s
e
dar
ehe
a
r
dc
l
e
a
r
l
y/
di
s
t
i
nc
t
l
y〉
The
s
et
r
a
ns
l
at
i
o
nsc
r
uc
i
al
l
ydi
f
f
e
ro
ve
rt
hea
mbi
gui
t
i
e
so
fb
l
j
J
o
u必
有 `
mus
tbe
/
ha
ve
;s
ur
et
obe
,i
ne
vi
t
a
bl
ydo(
s
o
me
t
hi
ng)
;ne
c
e
s
s
ar
i
l
y/
c
e
r
2)
,(
3
)
,(
4
)
. Twot
r
a
ns
l
a
t
or
sa
r
ec
o
ns
o
nantwi
t
ht
heor
i
gi
nal
t
ai
nl
yha
ve
'(
ss
i
c
ke
r(
c
e
r
t
ai
nl
y;
s
e
c
ur
e
l
y;
s
ur
e
l
y,
de
f
i
ni
t
e
l
y,
po
s
i
t
i
ve
l
y)(
2
)
,
- Wi
l
he
l
m'
(
3
)
;a
nd Take
uc
hi
'
sk
a
nar
a
z
u 必ず (
it
w
ho
utf
ai
l
;c
e
r
t
ai
nl
y,de
f
i
ni
t
e
l
y,
s
ur
e
l
y;al
wa
ys
,i
nva
r
i
a
bl
y)(
2)
,(
3)
,(
4)
;cf
.Ka
r
l
gr
e
n'
sc
e
r
t
ai
nl
yf
o
r(
2)a
nd
(
3)
. Th
eo
t
he
rt
woi
gno
r
ei
t
,
a
nde
xt
e
ndr
e
adi
ngso
fa
i
y
m 優然 `
a
ppa
r
e
nt
-
2)- Le
gge
'
shewi
l
ls
e
e
m t
o(
2)
,(
3)a
nda
shes
e
e
mst
o(
4
)
;a
nd
1
y'(
lav
ai
ll
'
ai
rde(
i
twi
l
ls
e
e
m asi
fhe)(
2
)a
ndc
o
mmes'
i
lav
ai
l
Co
uvr
e
ur
'
si
(
a
si
f申e)(
3
)
,(
4
)
･
Onewayofi
l
l
umi
na
t
ngb
i
t
yo
u'
sme
ani
ngi
st
hr
ou
h anal
g
o
gywi
t
h
Ri
t
u
lFa
a
s
t
sa
n
dS
p
i
r
i
tVi
s
i
o
n
si
nt
h
eLi
j
i
113
Ot
he
rt
e
xt
s
. Pr
o
ba
bl
yt
hebe
s
tc
l
as
s
i
c
alpr
e
c
e
de
nti
st
heLunyu(
1
0.
7
)
s
i
mi
l
a
r
l
yus
i
ngb
i
yo
u'
mus
tha
ve
'andb
i'
mus
t
'i
ndi
s
c
us
s
i
ngc
e
r
e
mom
ial
z
h
aif
a
s
t
s
:膏必有明衣布密必撃食居必遷坐 `
h e
W
nf
as
t
i
ng,[
one
]mus
tha
ve
,
[
o
ne
]mus
tal
t
e
r[
o
ne
'
S
]
t
hebr
i
ght
/
s
pi
r
i
tr
o
beo
fl
i
ne
n. Whe
nf
as
t
i
ng.
di
e
t
,a
ndmus
tc
ha
nget
hepl
ac
ewhe
r
e[
o
ne
]us
ual
l
ys
i
t
s
.
' Ano
t
he
rki
nd
ofs
e
mant
i
ci
l
l
umi
nat
i
onc
o
me
sf
r
o
mi
nt
r
a
t
e
xt
ualc
o
nt
r
as
t
. TheLZ
j
i
'
s
nume
r
ousb
t
'
yo
u必有 u
s
a
ge
sc
anbedi
vi
de
di
nt
ot
hr
e
es
e
ma
nt
i
cc
a
t
e
gor
i
e
s
:
hadt
oha
ver
i
t
uali
nor
de
rt
o
ne
c
e
s
s
i
t
y(
e
.
g.
,a
nc
i
e
ntki
n
gs必有産以哀之 `
e
xpr
e
s
ss
o
r
r
ow'
…必有産以楽之 `
ha
dt
oha
ver
i
t
uali
no
r
de
rt
oe
xpr
e
s
sj
o
y'
3
8
/
4
a
)
,
pr
e
di
c
t
i
o
n(
e
.
g.
,
s
pr
i
ngt
hunde
rwar
nst
ha
t必有凶災 `
t
he
r
ea
r
es
ur
e
c
f
.Le
ggeI
I
:1
0
7
,Ⅰ
Ⅰ
:2
3
4
,Ⅰ
:2
6
0
]
,a
nd
t
obee
vi
l
sa
nddi
s
as
t
e
r
s
'1
5
/
5
a)[
r
e
c
o
mme
nda
t
i
o
n(
e
.
gリaf
i
l
i
als
o
npr
e
pa
r
i
ngf
o
rs
a
c
r
i
f
i
c
e必有膏荘之心
`
mus
tha
vea[
qi賛!
]we
l
l
ad
j
us
t
e
da
nds
o
mbe
rhe
ar
t
/
mi
nd'4
8
/
1
5
b)
.
j
ibal
a
nc
e
Thi
sl
a
s
tpa
s
s
a
ge(
4
8
/
1
5
b)pr
o
ide
v
samo
r
e=
r
a
t
i
o
nal
"LZ
yi
'
shi
hl
g
ys
pe
c
i
f
i
cl
a
ngua
ge(
2
)
,(
3
)
,(
4
)t
ha
to
neb
Z
yo
u必有 `
mus
t
f
o
rt
heJi
ha
ve'Vi
s
uala
nda
ur
als
pi
r
i
tma
ni
f
e
s
t
a
t
i
o
ns
.I
tus
e
sb
i
yo
ua
nd b
i必
`
mus
t
'
al
o
ngwi
t
hni如 `
asi
f
/
t
ho
ug
h;
l
i
ke
,
as
'
(
s
yno
ny
m ouswi
t
hnL
O若 `
a
s
,
'c
f
.pp.
1
0
3a
nd1
0
5
)
:
i
f
/
t
hough;s
i
mi
l
art
o,l
i
ke
,[
必有]t
her
ul
ewa
st
hathe
Whe
naf
i
l
i
als
onwasa
bo
utt
os
a
c
r
i
f
i
c
e
s
ho
ul
dha
vehi
smi
ndwe
l
ladj
us
t
e
da
ndgr
a
ve
,
t
of
i
thi
mf
o
rgi
vi
ngt
o
al
lma
t
t
e
r
st
he
i
rf
ul
lc
o
ns
i
de
r
a
t
i
o
n,
f
o
rpr
o
vi
di
ngt
her
o
be
sandot
he
r
t
hi
ngs
,f
o
rr
e
pai
r
i
ngt
het
e
mpl
eandi
t
sf
a
ne
s
,a
ndf
o
rr
e
g
ul
at
i
ng
e
ve
r
yt
hi
ng. Whe
nt
heda
yo
fs
a
c
r
i
f
i
c
ea
r
r
i
ve
d,[
必]t
her
ul
ewast
ha
t
必]hi
smo
ve
me
nt
ss
ho
wa
n
hi
sc
o
unt
e
na
nc
es
houl
dbemi
l
d,a
nd [
. Whe
nhe
anxi
ousdr
e
ad,asi
fhef
e
a
r
e
dhi
sl
o
vewe
r
eno
ts
uf
f
i
c
i
e
nt
,[
必] i
twa
sr
e
qui
r
e
dt
ha
thi
sde
me
a
no
ur
putdo
wnhi
so
f
f
e
r
i
ngs
s
ho
ul
dbemi
l
d,a
nd[
必]hi
sbo
dybe
nt
,[
如]a
si
f(
hi
spa
r
e
nt
s
)wo
ul
d
114
人 文 研
究 第
9
1輯
s
pe
ak'
(
t
ohi
m)a
ndhadno
tye
tdo
nes
o;whe
nt
heo
f
f
i
c
e
r
sa
s
s
i
s
t
i
ng
i
l
l
,
t
ho
ughc
or
r
e
c
ta
nds
t
r
ai
ght
,
ha
dal
lgo
neo
ut
,
hes
t
oodl
owl
ya
nds
t
[
如]a
si
fhewe
r
ea
bo
utt
ol
o
s
et
hes
i
ght(
o
fhi
spa
r
e
nt
s
)
. Af
t
e
rt
he
s
a
c
r
i
f
i
c
e
,
hel
ooke
dpl
e
as
e
dande
xpe
c
t
ant
,[
如]a
si
ft
he
ywo
ul
de
nt
e
r
a
gai
n. (
t
r
.Le
ggeI
I
:2
3
4
)
Le
gget
r
a
ns
l
at
e
sb
t
yo
u必有 "
t
her
ul
ewa
s
,
"b
i必 "
t
her
ul
ewas
"and"
i
t
wa
sr
e
q
ui
r
e
d,
"andnE如 "asi
f
.
" Thr
e
ec
o
mme
nt
ar
i
e
sa
bo
veus
er
u`
as
i
f
,l
i
ke
't
opa
r
aphr
as
eLt
j
is
t
a
t
e
me
nt
sa
bouts
pi
r
i
t
ualr
i
t
ual
s
:Duan'
s
Shuo
u
)
e
nj
i
e
z
i見如見 `
s
e
ea
si
fs
e
e
i
ng'
(
p.
1
0
6
)
,
Ko
ng'
S如見 `
a
si
fs
e
e
i
ng'
(
p.
a
si
ft
i
mef
o
re
at
i
ng'(
p.
1
0
6
)
. Fr
o
mt
he
1
0
8
)
,a
ndZhe
ng'
sYi
l
i如食間 `
t
r
adi
t
i
o
nalwo
r
l
dvi
e
wo
fChi
ne
s
es
c
hol
ar
saswe
l
lasf
r
o
mt
hemode
r
n
We
s
t
e
r
npe
r
s
pe
c
t
i
ve
,i
tmake
smo
r
es
e
ns
et
ot
al
ka
bo
ut"
asi
f
"s
pi
r
i
t
sa
r
e
ma
ni
f
e
s
t
i
ngt
ha
n"
mus
t
"
;
butt
heo
r
i
gi
nall
a
ngua
ges
ho
ul
dno
tbei
gno
r
e
d.
I
V.St
e
pf
o
uri
ss
e
a
r
c
hi
ngt
heLl
'
j
'
it
ol
oc
a
t
ewha
tJ
o
hns
t
o
nc
al
l
e
d
Le
gge
'
S"
s
e
ve
r
alr
e
f
e
r
e
nc
e
s
"t
oChi
ne
s
er
i
t
ualf
a
s
t
i
n
ga
nda
bs
t
i
ne
nc
e.
9f
i
veLZ
j
ipas
s
a
ge
s
Al
t
ho
ug
hf
e
wc
ont
e
xt
sme
nt
i
o
ns
pi
r
i
tmani
f
e
s
t
a
t
i
o
ns
,
de
vo
t
e
df
a
s
t
i
ng'a
nd/
O
rs
a
nz
h
ai散膏 `
di
s
s
i
pat
e
d
r
e
f
e
rt
oz
hi
z
h
ai致賛 `
f
a
s
t
i
ng.
' Onema
j
o
rc
o
nt
e
xt(
4
9
/
4
b5
a
)gi
ve
ss
pe
c
i
f
i
cde
t
ai
l
sa
bo
utf
a
s
t
r
i
t
ual
l
yf
a
s
t
'
r
i
t
ual
s(
l
i
keJt
.
yi
,p.
1
0
1f
f
.
)
.I
te
t
ymol
o
iz
g
e
st
hatt
oz
h
ai膏 `
me
anst
omakeone'
st
ho
ug
ht
sq
i# L
a
d
j
us
t
e
d,
'a
ndt
wi
c
ede
s
c
r
i
be
s&#t
日`
di
s
s
i
pa
t
e
df
a
s
t
i
ngf
o
rs
e
ve
ndays
'a
nd致膏三 日 `
de
vot
e
df
as
t
i
ngf
or
t
hr
e
edays
.
' Fo
url
e
s
s
de
t
ai
l
e
dmi
no
ro
ne
si
nc
i
de
nt
al
l
yme
nt
i
o
nf
a
s
t
s
Mo
n
t
hl
yCo
m a
nd
s
]c
ha
p
t
e
r(
LZ
j
i1
6
/
6
a
,
9
.Fo
re
xa
mp
l
e
,t
heYu
e
l
i
n
g月令 [
1
7
/
1
9
a
;
t
r
.
Le
g
g
eI
:
2
7
5
,
3
0
4
)s
a
y
sz
h
a
i
j
i
es
ho
ul
dbec
a
r
r
i
e
do
utd
u
r
i
n
gs
um e
r
Su
p
e
r
i
o
rme
ngi
vet
he
ms
e
l
ve
st
ovi
gi
l
a
n
dwi
n
t
e
rs
o
l
s
t
i
c
e
swh
e
n,君子膏戒 "
[
o
r"
t
os
e
l
f
a
d
j
u
s
t
me
n
t
"3
0
4
]a
n
df
a
s
t
i
n
g.
"
Ri
t
u
a
lFa
s
t
sa
n
dS
p
i
r
i
tVi
s
i
o
n
si
nt
h
eLi
j
i
115
(
l
i
keノゐo Te
s
he
ng,p.
1
0
0
)
. Two(
2
4
/
2
b,5
1
/1
9
a
)g
ivene
a
r
l
yi
de
nt
i
c
al
s
e
ve
nda
ysa
bs
t
e
nt
i
on,andt
hr
e
eda
ys
r
e
f
e
r
e
nc
e
st
o七 日戒三 日膏∼宿 `
t
hr
e
eda
ysf
as
t
i
ng'(
2
5
/
1
9
a)
f
a
s
t
i
ng'
;t
woo
t
he
rc
ont
e
xt
sme
nt
i
o
n三 日斉 `
and致膏 `
d
e
vo
t
e
df
a
s
t
i
ng'(
7
/
9
a
)
.
Thema
j
o
rpa
s
s
a
ge
,i
nc
hapt
e
r2
5J
i
t
o
n
g祭統 [
Summa
r
yo
fSac
r
i
f
i
c
e
s- f
ol
l
o
wi
ng 2
4J
i
yi
]
,l
o
go
gr
a
phi
c
al
l
ye
xpl
ai
ns z
h
ai膏 `
f
a
s
t
i
ng'
i膏 `
ad
j
us
t
e
d;a
r
r
ange
d;r
e
gul
at
e
dj The
me
ansmaki
ngone
'
st
ho
ug
ht
sq
Lt
j
i
,l
i
keva
r
i
o
uso
t
he
rChi
ne
s
ec
l
a
s
s
i
c
s
,us
e
sq
i賛 (
o
r斉)`
t
oe
ve
n,
make
uni
f
o
r
m;a
li
g
n,e
qual
i
z
e;uni
t
e
,r
e
gul
a
t
e
,Puti
no
r
de
r
;a
r
r
a
nge
,ad
j
us
t
'a
s
h
ai膏 (
o
r着 ,
c
l
a
r
i
f
i
e
dwi
t
ht
he"
s
ac
r
i
f
i
c
er
adi
c
al
"示)
s
ho
r
t
handt
owr
i
t
ez
E
f
a
s
t
i
ng;a
bs
t
ne
i
nc
e
;r
e
l
i
io
g
uspur
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
on_
' Thi
sJ
i
t
o
n
gc
ont
e
xtde
f
i
ne
s
z
hi
q
i## '
pe
r
f
e
c
t
/
de
vot
e
dad
j
us
t
me
nt
'(
cf
.z
hi
z
h
aia# E
de
vo
t
e
df
a
s
t
ng'
i
)
i
nt
he
s
et
e
r
ms
:
賛不替以致資者也 `
pe
r
f
e
c
tad
j
us
t
me
nti
st
ha
twhi
c
ha
d
j
us
t
s
t
heunad
j
us
t
e
d[
mi
nd]
,
'whi
c
hLe
gget
r
ans
l
a
t
e
sbe
l
o
w"
i
twa
st
hegi
vi
ng
uni
f
o
r
mi
t
y.
.
.wa
sr
e
al
i
s
e
d"
:
h e
W
nt
het
i
mec
a
mef
o
rof
f
e
r
i
ngas
ac
if
r
i
ce
,t
hema
nwi
s
e
l
y
ga
vehi
ms
e
l
ft
ot
hewor
ko
fpur
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n. Tha
tpur
i
f
i
c
at
i
onme
ant
t
hepr
od
uc
t
i
o
no
funi
f
o
r
mi
t
y(
i
nal
lt
het
ho
u
ght
s
)
;- i
twast
he
gi
vi
nguni
f
o
r
mi
t
yt
oal
lt
ha
twa
sno
tuni
f
o
r
m,
t
i
l
launi
f
o
r
mdi
r
e
c
t
i
o
n
o
ft
het
ho
ught
swa
sr
e
al
i
s
e
d. He
nc
eas
upe
r
i
orman,unl
e
s
sf
o
ra
gr
e
a
toc
c
a
s
i
o
n,
andunl
e
s
shewe
r
ea
ni
ma
t
e
dbyagr
e
a
tr
e
ve
r
e
nc
e
,
di
d
no
ta
t
t
e
mptt
hi
spur
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n. W
h i
l
ei
twa
sno
ta
t
t
a
i
ne
d,hedi
dno
t
t
akepr
e
c
a
ut
i
o
nsa
gai
ns
tt
hei
nf
l
ue
nc
eof(
o
ut
war
d)t
hi
ngs
,
nordi
dhe
c
e
a
s
ef
r
o
m al
l(
i
nt
e
r
nal
)de
s
i
r
e
s
. Butwhe
nhewasa
boutt
oa
t
t
e
mpt
i
t
,hegua
r
de
da
gai
ns
tal
lt
hi
ngsofa
ne
vi
lnat
ur
e
,a
nds
uppr
e
s
s
e
dal
l
hi
sde
s
i
r
e
s
. Hi
se
a
r
sdi
dnotl
i
s
t
e
nt
omus
i
c;
- a
si
ti
ss
ai
di
nt
he
Re
c
o
r
d,`
Pe
o
pl
eo
c
c
upi
e
dwi
t
hpur
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
nha
venomus
i
c,
'me
a
ni
ng
116
人
文
研
究
第 91 輯
t
hatt
he
ydi
dno
tve
nt
ur
et
oal
l
owi
t
sdi
s
s
i
pat
i
o
no
ft
he
i
rmi
nds
. He
al
l
owe
dnovai
nt
ho
ught
si
nhi
she
ar
t
,butke
ptt
he
mi
nas
t
r
i
c
t
ad
he
r
e
nc
et
owhatwasr
i
ght
. Heal
l
o
we
dnor
e
c
kl
e
s
smo
ve
me
nto
f
hi
shandso
rf
e
e
t
,
butke
ptt
he
mf
i
r
ml
yi
nt
hewayo
fpr
o
pr
i
e
t
y. Thus
t
hes
upe
r
i
o
rman,
i
nhi
spur
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
on,
de
vot
e
shi
ms
e
l
ft
oc
ar
r
yi
ngt
oi
t
s
ut
mos
te
xt
e
nthi
sr
e
f
i
ne
da
ndi
nt
e
l
l
i
ge
ntvi
r
t
ue. (
4
9
/
4
b1
5
a,
t
r
.
Le
gge
I
I
:2
3
9
2
4
0
)
Thes
u
bs
e
que
ntpas
s
a
gede
s
c
r
i
be
st
heps
yc
hol
o
ic
g
alpur
pos
eo
fs
anz
h
aias
t
odi
n
g定 `
s
e
t
t
l
e
;
f
i
x,e
s
t
a
bl
i
s
h;de
t
e
r
i ne
m
'andt
ha
to
fz
hi
z
h
aia
st
oq
i膏
`
a
r
r
a
nge;ad
j
us
t
;r
e
gul
a
t
e'(
cf
.p
.
1
1
3
)
:散替七 日以定之 `
di
s
s
i
pa
t
e
df
a
s
t
i
ng
S志意 `
wi
l
l
;
mi
nd'
)and致膏
f
o
rs
e
ve
nda
yst
or
e
gul
a
t
ei
t
'(
Zhe
ngs
ayso
ne
'
三 日以賛之 `
de
vo
t
e
df
a
s
t
i
ngf
o
rt
hr
e
edayst
oad
j
us
t
/
a
r
r
a
ngei
t
.
' The
de
s
c
r
i
pt
i
o
nofar
ul
e
randhi
swi
f
eunde
r
t
aki
ngz
hi
z
h
ai'
de
vo
t
e
df
a
s
t
i
ng'
i
n
di
f
f
e
r
e
ntr
oomsc
l
a
r
i
f
i
e
st
heJi
yi
'
sambi
guo
uswa
i外 `
o
ut
s
i
de
'andne
i内
`
i
ns
i
de.
I Ko
ngs
aysahus
ba
ndf
a
s
t
si
nt
he路藩 `
o
ut
e
r(
me
n'
S
)c
hambe
r
'
(
cf
.Sh
l
.
j
'
i
n
g3
0
0
.
9
)andawi
f
ei
nt
he正療 `
i
nne
r(
wo
me
n'
S
)c
ha
mbe
r
.
'
The
r
e
f
o
r
et
he
r
ewa
st
hel
oos
e
ror
de
r
i
ngo
ft
hemi
ndf
o
rs
e
ve
n
da
ys
,t
obr
i
ngi
tt
oas
t
a
t
eoff
i
xe
dde
t
e
r
mi
na
t
i
o
n;andt
hec
o
mpl
e
t
e
or
de
r
i
ngo
fi
tf
ort
hr
e
eda
ys
,t
oe
f
f
e
c
tt
heuni
f
o
r
mi
t
yofal
lt
he
t
hought
s
. Tha
tde
t
e
r
mi
na
t
i
o
ni
swhati
sc
al
l
e
dpur
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n;
t
hef
i
nal
a
t
t
ai
nme
nti
swhe
nt
hehi
ghe
s
tde
gr
e
eofr
e
f
i
ne
di
nt
e
l
l
i
ge
nc
ei
s
r
e
ac
he
d. Af
t
e
rt
hi
si
twa
spo
s
s
i
bl
et
oe
nt
e
ri
nt
oc
ommuni
o
nwi
t
ht
he
s
pi
r
i
t
uali
nt
e
l
l
i
ge
nc
e
s
.
Mor
e
o
ve
r
,o
nt
hee
l
e
ve
nt
hday,be
f
or
et
ha
ta
ppoi
nt
e
df
ort
he
c
e
,t
hego
ve
r
no
ro
ft
hepal
a
c
ega
vewar
ni
ngt
ot
hewi
f
eo
ft
he
s
a
c
r
i
f
i
r
ul
e
r
,a
nds
heal
s
oc
onduc
t
e
dt
ha
tl
oo
s
e
ro
r
de
r
i
ngo
fhe
rt
ho
ught
sf
o
r
s
e
ve
ndays
,a
ndt
ha
tmo
r
ec
o
mpl
e
t
eo
r
de
r
i
ngo
ft
he
mf
o
rt
hr
e
e
. The
r
ul
e
rac
c
o
mpl
i
s
he
dhi
spur
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
ni
nt
heout
e
rapa
r
t
me
nt
,a
ndt
he
Ri
t
u
a
lFa
s
t
sa
ndSp
i
r
i
tVi
s
i
o
n
si
nt
h
eLz
j
i
1
17
wi
f
ehe
rpur
i
f
i
c
at
i
oni
nt
hei
l
me
r
. Af
t
e
rt
hi
st
he
yme
ti
nt
hegr
and
t
e
mpl
e. (
4
9/
5
a,t
r
. Le
ggeI
I
:2
40
)
S"
gavewar
nl
ngt
O"i
soneofmanys
e
mant
i
cr
ami
f
i
cat
i
onsf
r
om
Le
gge'
r
eadi
ngt
hi
sLi
j
is
u宿 `
S
t
ayove
r
ni
ht
g
,l
odge'as
.
agr
aphi
cl
oan(
Kar
l
gr
e
n
1
9
6
9,no.1
3
5
0;1
9
7
1
,no.
63
)f
ors
u粛 `
s
ol
e
mni
t
y,r
e
ve
r
e
nce,awe;r
e
s
pe
c
t
;
n,i
nnat
e.
'
1
0
war
n,admoni
s
h,e
xhor
t
;hur
r
y,ur
ge on,s
pee
d up;i
nbor
ss
u宿 a
spr
onounc
e
dl
i
kes
u粛 andme
ani
ngj
i
e戒 `
abs
t
ai
n,
Zhe
ngg
los
s
e
avoi
d,f
as
t
;guar
dagai
ns
t
,beat
t
e
nt
i
ve;t
akecar
e,pr
e
par
e;admoni
s
h,
war
n'
;andhedi
f
f
e
r
e
nt
i
at
e
sbe
t
we
e
nl
i
ht
g
/
uni
mpor
t
antj
i
ea
ndheavy/
s
e
r
i
ouss
ut
as
t
i
ng.
Thef
i
r
s
tt
womi
norcont
e
xt
sdi
f
f
e
ri
nz
hai替 ands
u宿 gr
aphi
c
var
i
at
i
ons
:七 日戒 `
s
e
ve
ndaysoff
i
ea
bs
t
e
nt
i
on'and三 日暫/宿 `
t
hr
eedays
z
hai
/
s
ut
as
t
i
ng.
' Thef
ol
l
owi
ng di
s
c
us
s
i
on ofs
ac
r
i
f
i
c
e
se
xpl
inst
a
he
1
0
.Twoo
t
he
rLl
}
'
if
a
s
t
i
n
gc
o
nt
e
xt
su
s
i
n
gt
hes
u宿 l
o
go
gr
a
p
ha
sal
o
anf
o
rs
u
粛`
f
a
s
t
'(
cf
.粛然 `
s
ol
e
mnl
y'
nJZ
i
l
yi
)a
r
eao
ne
da
ys
u
z
h
ai宿賓 `
r
i
t
ualf
a
s
t
'
(
2
8
/
1
2
a,Ka
r
l
gr
e
n1
9
71
,no.
3
2
5
;t
r
.Le
ggeI
:4
7
7
)"
ke
ptavi
gi
l
"
;a
nda
no
bs
c
ur
e
s
u
z
he宿者 `
f
a
s
t
e
r
'(
4
8
/1
5
b,c
f
.p.
1
1
3
:Ka
r
l
gr
e
n1
9
7
1
,no.
4
6
8
)
,whi
c
hZhe
n
g
no
t
e
st
ome
a
n賓助祭者 `
也o
s
ewhot
r
ul
ya
s
s
i
s
t
e
di
n也es
a
c
r
i
f
i
c
e
,
'(
t
r
.Le
g
ge
I
I
:2
3
4
,c
al
l
i
ngt
hephr
a
s
e"
di
f
f
i
c
ul
t
"
)=
t
heo
f
f
i
c
e
r
sa
s
s
i
s
t
i
ng.
"I
nas
i
mi
l
a
r
Zho
ul
i(
2
6
/
1
4
a)c
o
nt
e
xta
bo
utr
e
a
di
ngr
i
t
ua
lboo
kst
oo
f
f
i
c
i
a
l
sd
ur
ng戒及宿
i
da
yso
fa
bs
t
i
ne
nc
ea
ndf
a
s
t
i
ng,
't
hec
o
mme
nt
a
r
yo
Hi
aGo
n
gyan要公彦
之日 `
(
f
l
.6
5
0
)no
t
e
sj
i
e戒 me
nss
a
e
ve
nda
yso
fs
anz
h
ai`
di
s
s
i
pa
t
e
df
a
s
t
i
n
g'a
nds
u
宿 t
hr
e
eda
yso
fz
hi
z
h
ai`
de
vo
t
e
df
a
s
t
i
ng/ TheMe
n
gz
i孟子 (
2
B/l
l
)me
nt
i
o
nsa弟子賛宿而後敢言 `
vi
s
i
t
o
rwhof
a
s
t
e
dbe
f
o
r
eda
r
i
n
gt
os
pe
ak'
;a
nd
d.2
0
1
)c
o
mme
nt
st
ha
tz
h
ai膏 me
a
nsj
i
n
g敬 `
r
e
s
pe
c
t
;ho
no
r
'
ZhaoQi趨岐 (
a
nds
u宿 me
a
nss
u素 `
al
way
s
,us
ua
ll
y.
'
ll
.Wi
t
hi
nt
r
a
di
t
i
o
nalnume
r
ol
o
gy,Ebe
r
ha
r
d(
1
9
8
6
:2
8
8
)e
xpl
a
i
nst
hr
e
ewa
s"
a
ve
r
yi
mpo
r
t
a
ntnumbe
ri
nChi
ne
s
et
ho
ug
ht
,
"f
o
ri
ns
t
a
nc
e
,t
hes
anc
ai=才
"
t
h
r
e
epo
we
r
s
"`
he
a
ve
n,e
a
r
t
h,a
ndpe
o
pl
e
.
' Pr
e
par
at
i
o
nsf
o
rs
a
c
r
i
f
i
c
e
s
t
r
o
ng
lyr
e
s
e
mbl
emo
ur
ni
n
gr
i
t
ua
ls
;t
heLb
'
i(
6
3
/1
6a,Le
ggeI
I
:4
6
9
)ad
vi
s
e
s
s
a
c
r
i
f
i
c
e
r
st
of
a
s
ta
ndl
a
me
n
tf
o
rt
hr
e
eda
ys
,no
tt
owa
s
ht
hehe
a
df
o
rt
hr
e
e
mo
nt
hs
,a
ndt
owe
a
rmo
ur
nl
ngC
l
o
t
he
sf
o
rt
hr
e
eye
a
r
sa
f
t
e
rapa
r
e
nt
'
sde
a
t
h.
118
人 文
研
究
第
9
1輯
nume
r
ol
o
gI
C
als
i
gni
f
i
c
anc
eo
ft
hr
e
ell:
Mo
r
e
o
ve
r
,t
heke
e
pi
ngo
ft
hevi
c
t
i
ms(
f
ort
heal
t
a
ro
fHe
a
ve
n)f
or
t
hr
e
emo
nt
hs(
i
nt
hes
t
a
bl
e
)
;t
hea
bs
t
i
ne
nc
e(
oft
hewo
r
s
hi
ppe
r
s
)f
or
s
e
ve
ndays
;andt
hevi
gi
lo
ft
hr
e
edays
:-
al
ls
ho
we
dt
hee
xt
r
e
me
de
gr
e
eo
f(
pr
e
pa
r
at
or
y)c
ar
e(
f
o
rt
hes
e
r
vi
c
e
)
.(
2
4
/
2
b,t
r
.Le
ggeI
:
4
0
7
)
Co
nf
uc
i
usq
uo
t
e
dt
heYz
j
i
n
ga
ndShb
'
i
n
gt
oe
xpl
ai
ns
ac
r
i
f
i
c
er
i
t
ual
s
,a
nd:
TheMa
s
t
e
rs
ai
d,`
The
r
ea
r
et
hes
e
ve
ndaysoff
as
t
i
ng,a
ndt
het
hr
e
e
dayso
fvi
gi
la
nda
d
j
us
t
me
nto
ft
het
hought
s
;
t
he
r
ei
st
hea
ppoi
nt
me
nt
o
ft
heo
nema
nt
oa
c
ta
st
hepe
r
s
o
na
t
o
ro
ft
hede
ad,i
npa
s
s
i
ngwho
m
-a
llt
ot
e
a
c
hr
e
ve
r
e
nc
e(
f
or
i
ti
sr
e
qui
r
e
dt
oa
doptahur
r
i
e
dpa
c
e:
t
hede
pa
r
t
e
d)
.
'(
51
/1
9
a,t
r
.Le
ggeI
I
:2
9
2
)
i
e戒 `
a
bs
t
e
nt
i
o
n'r
e
f
e
r
st
os
a
nz
h
ai
I
nt
hef
o
r
me
rpa
s
s
a
ge
,Zhe
ngno
t
e
sj
`
di
s
s
i
pa
t
e
df
a
s
t
i
ng'a
nd s
u宿 `
r
e
ve
r
e
nc
e
't
oz
hi
z
h
ai`
de
vo
t
e
df
as
t
i
ng,
∫
whi
c
hKo
ngs
a
ysbe
ga
nt
e
na
ndt
hr
e
eda
ysbe
f
o
r
et
hea
nc
e
s
t
r
als
ac
r
i
f
i
c
e
.
1
2
I
nt
hel
at
t
e
r
,Zhe
ngl
i
ke
wi
s
enot
e
sj
i
eme
a
nss
a
nz
h
ai'
di
s
s
i
pa
t
e
dt
as
t
i
ng,
'
a
ndKo
ngme
nt
i
o
nst
het
hr
e
edaype
r
i
od,
Thet
hi
r
dmi
norLZ
j
ic
o
nt
e
xt
,l
i
ket
hes
e
c
o
nd,quo
t
e
sCo
nf
uc
i
us
di
s
c
us
s
i
n
g72
ho
urz
hi
z
h
aif
a
s
t
s
:
Co
nf
uc
i
uss
a
i
d,`
The
r
ea
r
et
hr
e
edays
'f
as
t
i
ngo
nha
nd. I
fonef
a
s
t
s
f
ort
hef
i
r
s
tday,hes
houl
ds
t
i
l
lbeaf
r
a
i
do
fno
tbe
i
ng(
s
uf
f
i
c
i
e
nt
l
y)
. W
h a
ta
r
ewet
ot
hi
nkofi
t
,
i
fo
nt
hes
e
c
o
nddayhebe
a
thi
s
r
e
ve
r
e
nt
a
nz
h
a
i
1
2
.Th
et
o
t
l Chi
a
ne
s
er
i
t
ua
lt
a
s
t
i
n
gp
e
r
i
o
dwa
st
e
nd
a
y
s
:s
e
v
e
no
fs
`
d
i
s
s
i
pa
t
e
df
a
s
t
i
n
g'c
o
n
c
u
r
r
e
n
twi
t
ht
hr
e
eo
fz
hi
z
h
a
i`
d
e
vo
t
e
df
a
s
t
i
n
g.
'The
Zhu
a
n
gz
i(
1
9
/
3
5
)t
e
l
l
sas
t
o
r
ya
bo
u
tap
r
i
e
s
t
,t
r
yi
n
gt
oc
o
n
vi
n
c
eap
i
gwhi
c
h
i
su
n
wi
l
l
i
n
gt
obes
a
c
r
i
f
i
c
e
d,
whoa
r
g
u
e
st
ha
thewi
l
lha
vet
ou
nd
e
r
go十日戎
三 日膏 `
t
e
nd
a
y
so
fa
bs
t
i
n
e
n
c
ea
n
dt
h
r
e
eda
y
so
ff
a
s
t
i
n
g.
'
Ri
t
u
a
lFa
s
t
sa
n
dS
p
i
r
i
tVi
s
i
o
n
si
nt
h
eLi
j
i
119
dr
ums
?
'(
2
5
/1
9
a,t
r
.Le
ggeI
:4
2
4
)
i
c(
c
f
.J
i
t
o
n
g,p.
1
1
5
)wa
sf
o
r
bi
dde
nd
ur
i
ngt
hewe
e
ko
f
Kongno
t
e
smus
s
anz
h
ai'
di
s
s
i
pa
t
e
dt
as
t
i
ng,
'Thef
o
ur
t
hmi
no
rpas
s
a
gee
l
uc
i
da
t
e
st
he
r
i
t
uals
i
gni
f
i
c
anc
eo
ff
a
s
t
i
ng 内 `
i
ns
i
de
'and外 `
o
ut
s
i
de
'one'
sus
ua
l室
`
r
oom,c
ha
mbe
r
'(
c
f
.J
l
'
yia
ndJi
t
o
n
g,p
p.
1
0
2and1
1
6
)
. Et
i
que
t
t
ehol
ds
z
hi
z
h
aif
a
s
t
i
ng'
ands
i
c
kne
s
sa
se
xc
e
pt
i
o
nst
or
ul
e
s
:
Whe
namans
t
o
psdur
i
ngt
heda
yt
i
mei
nh
i
si
nne
r(
c
ha
mbe
r
)
,i
ti
s
al
l
owa
bl
et
oc
o
mea
nda
s
ka
bouthi
si
l
l
ne
s
s
. Whe
nhes
t
o
psout
s
i
de
dur
i
ngt
heni
ght
,i
ti
sal
l
o
wa
bl
et
oc
o
mea
ndc
o
ndol
ewi
t
hhi
m.
He
nc
eas
upe
r
i
o
rman,
e
xc
e
ptf
o
rs
o
megr
e
a
tc
a
us
e
,
doe
sno
tpa
s
st
he
ni
ghto
ut
s
i
de(
hi
sc
ha
mbe
r
)
;a
ndunl
e
s
shei
sc
a
r
r
yi
ngoutaf
a
s
to
ri
s
i
l
l
,hedoe
sno
tda
yandni
ghts
t
o
pi
ns
i
de
.(
7
/
9
a,t
r
.Le
ggeI
:1
3
6
)
Zhe
ngs
a
ys大故 `
gr
e
a
tc
a
us
e
'me
a
nsmo
ur
ni
ng,a
nd内 `
i
ns
i
de
'de
s
c
r
i
be
s
i
nne
r(
wo
me
n'
S
)c
ha
mbe
r
'me
nt
i
o
ne
do
np.
1
1
6
.
t
he正療 `
V.St
e
pf
i
vei
sr
e
e
xa
mi
ni
ngwha
tki
ndo
fz
h
ai'
r
i
t
ualf
as
t
i
ng't
he
Li
j
ir
e
c
o
r
ds
.W
h a
te
xac
t
l
ywe
r
es
a
nz
h
ai散膏 `
di
s
s
i
pa
t
e
df
as
t
i
ng'and
z
hi
z
h
ai致膏 `
de
vot
e
df
a
s
t
i
ng'
? Thepr
e
s
e
nta
r
t
i
c
l
ebe
inswi
g
t
haq
uo
t
e
f
r
om Jo
ms
l
t
on,whoa
ls
os
id.
a
･
,
Oft
hi
spur
i
f
i
c
a
t
o
r
ypr
o
c
e
s
st
he
r
ewe
r
et
wos
t
a
ge
s
. Thel
o
we
rs
t
a
ge
kno
wnas[
s
a
nz
ha
i
]
,`
l
axpur
i
f
i
c
at
i
on,
'l
as
t
e
df
ors
e
ve
nda
ys
;t
he
hi
ghe
r
,knownas[
z
hi
z
hai
]`
s
t
r
i
c
tpur
i
f
i
c
a
t
i
o
n,
'oc
c
upi
e
dt
het
hr
e
e
da
ysi
mme
di
a
t
e
l
ypr
e
c
e
di
ngt
hepe
r
f
o
r
ma
nc
eo
ft
hes
a
c
r
i
f
i
c
i
alc
e
r
e
mo
ny. Thepr
oc
e
s
si
nvol
ve
dba
t
hi
ng([muyu休浴])
,t
hewe
a
r
ngo
i
f
c
l
e
a
nr
ai
me
nt
,r
e
s
t
r
i
c
t
i
ont
ot
hes
i
mpl
e
s
tf
ood,a
nda
bs
t
i
ne
nc
ef
r
o
m
s
e
xualr
e
l
a
t
i
o
ns
. Thepe
r
s
o
nunde
r
goi
ng'
s
t
r
i
ct
'l
z
h
ai
]S
e
pa
r
a
t
e
d
l
y,a
ndl
i
ve
dbyhi
ms
e
l
fi
na
pa
r
t
me
nt
so
t
he
r
hi
ms
e
l
ff
r
o
m hi
sf
a
mi
t
ha
nt
ho
s
ewhi
c
hheus
ual
l
yoc
c
upi
e
d. Hewo
r
euna
dor
ne
dgar
me
nt
s
1
20
人 文
研
究
第 91 輯
o
fab一
ac
kc
ol
o
ur
,
be
c
aus
et
he
s
ewe
r
er
e
ga
r
de
da
sc
o
ns
o
nantwi
t
h,o
r
s
ymbol
i
c
alo
f
,t
hes
ol
e
mnnat
ur
eofhi
st
hought
s
,whi
c
hs
ho
ul
dbe
c
onc
e
nt
r
a
t
e
do
nt
heuns
e
e
nwo
r
l
d.(
1
9
2
7
:4
7
0
)
TheChi
ne
s
ewo
r
dz
h
ai暫 i
sasambi
guousa
sEngl
i
s
hf
a
s
tme
ani
ng`
t
o
,t
o
t
alf
a
s
t
)
,'
t
oa
bs
t
ai
nf
r
om s
ol
i
d
a
bs
t
inf
a
r
o
m al
lf
oodanddr
i
nk'(
C.
g.
l
i
q
ui
df
a
s
t
)
,`
t
oe
ats
pa
r
ngl
i
y'C
f
a
s
to
nb
r
e
a
da
ndwat
e
r)
,`
no
te
ata
t
f
ood'(
c
e
r
t
ai
nt
i
me
s
'(
Ramad
a
nf
a
s
t
)
,o
rE
no
te
a
tc
e
r
t
ai
nf
oo
ds
'(
Le
nt
e
nf
a
s
t
)
.
Ra
t
he
rt
ha
n`
t
ot
alf
as
t
,
'
Lz
j
ir
i
t
ualf
a
s
t
i
n
gge
ne
r
al
l
yme
a
nt`
e
a
ts
par
l
ngl
y,
'
i
npar
t
i
c
ul
a
r
,ame
a
ge
rdi
e
tr
e
s
t
r
i
c
t
e
dt
owat
e
ra
ndz
ho
u# '
gr
ue
l
;
c
o
nge
e
'
o
rs
hu
s
hi疏食 `
pl
ai
nf
ood;e
s
p.gr
ai
ns
.
'I
nanc
i
e
ntChi
na,gr
ai
nwast
he
l
o
we
s
tdi
e
t
a
r
yl
i
mi
t
;Cha
ng(
1
9
7
7
:4
1
)e
xpl
ai
ns
,"
ami
ni
mum me
alc
ons
i
s
t
e
do
fs
o
megr
ai
n(
us
ual
l
ymi
l
l
e
t
)ands
o
mewa
t
e
r
.
"
j
ir
e
pe
a
t
e
dl
ys
t
r
e
s
s
e
smode
r
a
t
ef
as
t
sa
ndwa
r
nsa
gai
ns
t
TheLZ
t
e
xc
e
s
s
i
veo
ne
s(
e
.
g.
,7
/
8
a,9
/
1
5
b,4
4
/
2
3
b;Le
ggeI
:1
3
5
,Ⅰ
:1
7
0
,Ⅰ
Ⅰ
:1
8
5
)
.Ⅰ
e
s
pe
c
i
al
l
yus
e
s hui穀 `
de
s
t
r
o
y,r
ui
n;da
ma
ge
,i
n
j
ur
e
't
ome
an `
har
m
one
s
e
l
ft
hr
o
ughe
xc
e
s
s
i
vef
a
s
t
i
n
g'whe
nmour
ni
ng. Foure
xa
mpl
e
s
:(
1
0
/
1
6
b,Le
ggeI
:1
9
2
)穀不危身 `
e
mac
i
a
t
i
o
ns
ho
ul
dno
te
ndange
rone'
sl
i
f
e
'
;
(
4
2
/1
5
a,Le
ggeI
I
:1
6
0
)aSupe
r
i
o
rPe
r
s
o
ns
ho
ul
dno
t穀療為病 `
be
c
o
mei
l
l
f
r
o
me
mac
i
a
t
i
o
n'be
c
a
us
et
odi
ef
r
o
mf
as
t
ngwoul
i
dbeunf
i
l
i
al(
i
.
e.
,no
t
e
ma
c
i
a
t
i
o
ns
ho
ul
d
l
e
avi
ngde
s
c
e
nda
nt
s
)
;(
6
3
/1
3
a,Le
ggeI
I
:4
6
6
)穀不滅性 `
notde
s
t
r
o
yt
hel
i
vi
ng'
;
and(
3
/
2
a,
Le
ggeI
:
8
7
)f
a
s
t
i
ngs
ho
ul
dne
i
t
he
rc
aus
e
穀痔 `
be
c
o
mi
ngs
oe
mac
i
a
t
e
dt
ha
tbo
ne
sa
ppe
a
r
'no
ra
f
f
e
c
t視聴 `
s
e
e
i
ng
j
i(
4
2
/
1
4
b,Le
ggeI
I
:
andhe
ar
i
ng.
∫ Thi
sl
a
s
te
xampl
ee
c
ho
e
sano
t
he
rLz
S視不明聴不聴 `
s
i
ght
1
5
9
)pa
s
s
a
gewar
ni
ng a
gai
ns
tf
a
s
t
smaki
ng o
ne
'
.
' The
s
ec
o
nt
e
xt
sr
ul
eoute
xt
r
e
mer
i
t
ualf
a
s
t
s
unc
l
e
a
r[
o
r
]he
a
r
i
ngdul
l
a
same
anso
fi
nduc
i
ngvi
s
ualora
udi
t
o
r
yhal
l
uc
i
na
t
i
o
ns
.
Ri
t
u
lFa
a
s
t
sa
n
dS
p
i
r
i
tVi
s
i
o
n
si
nt
h
eLZ
j
i
1
21
Tode
s
c
r
i
bef
as
t
i
ngmo
r
ee
xt
r
e
met
hanz
h
ai
,
t
heLt
'
}
'
ius
e
sb
u
s
hi`
no
t
hui
j
i
a
n
gb
uniyuk
o
u`
1
i
q
ui
dsdonote
nt
e
rt
hemo
ut
h.
' Bu
s
hi不
e
a
t
'ands
食 `
no
te
a
t
'me
a
ns`
no
te
atr
e
gul
a
rf
oo
ds
'r
at
he
rt
ha
n`
note
ata
nyf
ood.
∫
t
hr
e
e[
t
i
me
swhe
n
Onepas
s
a
ge(
4
4
/
2
3
a,Le
ggeI
I
:1
8
4
)l
i
s
t
st
he三不食 `
mour
ne
r
s
]dono
te
a
t
'
:n
o
te
a
t
i
ngf
r
ui
t
so
rve
ge
t
a
bl
e
swhi
l
ef
as
t
i
ngo
n
gr
a
i
nandwa
t
e
r
,no
t[
pr
i
vat
e
l
y]c
o
ns
umi
ngme
a
to
rwi
neunt
i
lt
hr
e
e
mont
hsa
f
t
e
rt
hebur
i
al
,andno
t[
publ
i
c
l
y]unt
i
laf
t
e
rt
heoneye
a
r
mo
ur
ni
ngpe
r
i
od. Anot
he
r(
4
4
/
2
1
b,Ⅰ
Ⅰ
:
1
8
3
)s
a
ysa
tt
hemo
ur
ni
ngr
i
t
e
sf
o
r
no
te
a
tf
o
r
ar
ul
e
r
,hi
ss
o
nsa
ndhi
gho
f
f
i
c
e
r
sar
es
uppos
e
dt
o三 日不食 `
gr
ue
l
'
t
wi
c
eaday,
t
hr
e
eda
ys
,
'
me
a
ni
n
gadi
e
tr
e
s
t
r
i
c
t
e
dt
oe
a
t
i
ngr
i
c
e粥 `
pr
e
f
e
r
a
bl
yno
ta
tr
e
gul
arme
al
t
i
me
s
;
a
ndhi
swi
ve
sandl
owe
rof
f
i
c
i
al
sa
r
e
gr
a
i
n and wa
t
e
r
.
' Shul
j
i
a
n
g 水草
s
uppos
e
dt
oc
o
ns
umeonl
y 疏食水 `
`
wa
t
e
ra
ndbr
o
t
h/
s
o
up;
l
i
qui
d
s
'
t
hatb
ur
uyuko
u不入於 口 `
dono
te
nt
e
rt
he
mo
ut
h'de
s
c
r
i
be
st
hemos
te
xt
r
e
mef
a
s
t
i
ng. TheLz
j
is
ayswhe
nZe
ngz
i
mo
ur
ne
df
o
rhi
spa
r
e
nt
s(
7
/
6
ab,Le
ggeI
:1
3
3
4
)
,水菜不入於 口者七 日
`
l
i
qui
d
sdi
dnote
nt
e
rhi
smo
ut
hf
o
rs
e
ve
ndays
'(
whi
c
hc
o
mme
nt
a
t
or
ss
a
y
vi
ol
a
t
e
dr
i
t
ual
)
;
t
huswhe
naSupe
r
i
o
rPe
r
s
onmo
ur
ns
,水菜不入於 口者三 日
杖而后能起 `
l
i
q
ui
dsdonote
nt
e
rt
hemo
ut
hf
o
rt
hr
e
eda
ys
,unt
i
lo
nl
ya
bl
e
t
or
i
s
ewi
t
ht
heai
do
fas
t
a
f
f
.
' Ac
c
or
di
ngt
or
i
t
ual
,f
as
t
i
ngs
ho
ul
dne
ve
r
bee
xt
e
nde
dbe
yo
nd7
2ho
ur
s- a
nde
ve
nt
he
n,r
ul
e
swe
r
ei
nt
e
r
pr
e
t
a
bl
e
wi
t
hva
r
i
o
usl
oophol
e
s
. Al
t
ho
ughmo
ur
ne
r
sa
r
eno
mi
nal
l
ye
xpe
c
t
e
dt
o
(
5
6
/
1
4
a,Le
ggeI
I
:3
7
5
)水費不入口三 日不窄火 `
notputl
i
qui
d
si
nt
ot
he
mout
hf
o
rt
hr
e
edays
,a
ndno
tki
ndl
ea[
c
ooki
ng]f
i
r
e
'
;
t
he
i
rne
i
ghbo
r
sar
e
r
i
c
egr
ue
l
'f
orno
ur
i
s
hme
nt
.
s
uppos
e
dt
opr
o
vi
dehot廉粥 `
VI
_Thef
i
nals
t
e
pi
st
oputChi
ne
s
eLg
j
l
ir
i
t
ualf
as
t
si
nt
ohi
s
t
or
i
c
al
a
ndc
ul
t
ur
alpe
r
s
pe
c
t
i
ve
s
. Fur
t
he
rr
e
s
e
a
r
c
hi
sne
e
de
dt
oc
l
a
r
i
f
yt
hee
a
r
l
y
de
ve
l
opme
nt
sofChi
ne
s
er
i
t
ualf
a
s
t
i
ng,a
bs
t
i
ne
nc
e
,and pur
i
f
i
c
at
i
o
n.
1
22
人 文 研 究 第
91 輯
Whi
l
ee
a
r
l
yt
e
xt
s(
e
.
gリShZ
j
'
i
n
g,Yを
l
i
n
g,Lun
yu)us
ez
h
ai膏 `
r
i
t
ualf
a
s
t
ng,
i
'
t
heLZ
j
ii
st
hef
i
r
s
tt
or
e
c
o
r
ds
a
nz
h
ai`
di
s
s
i
pa
t
e
d'andz
hi
z
h
ai`
de
vo
t
e
d
f
a
s
t
i
n
g.
' Ho
we
ve
r
,t
hi
st
e
xtc
a
nno
tbeac
c
ur
at
e
l
yda
t
e
d. "
Theda
t
eo
f
e
ac
hs
e
c
t
i
o
na
ndi
t
spr
o
ve
na
nc
ea
r
es
ub
j
e
c
t
sofc
o
ns
i
de
r
a
bl
edi
s
put
e
,
"
wr
i
t
e
sRi
e
ge
l(
1
9
9
3
:2
9
3
)
,"
j
us
ta
st
heda
t
eando
r
i
inoft
g
he[
L紡]asa
whol
eha
vepr
o
ve
dt
obec
ont
r
o
ve
r
s
i
alt
hr
ougho
utChi
ne
s
ei
nt
e
l
l
e
c
t
ual
hi
s
t
or
y.
"
Se
ve
r
alpr
e
Li
j
ic
l
as
s
i
c
sme
nt
i
o
n7
2
ho
urf
a
s
t
s
. Fori
ns
t
anc
e,t
he
phr
a
s
es
anr
ib
whi三 日不食 `
note
atf
ort
hr
e
eda
ys
'oc
c
ur
si
nt
heYt
j
i
ng
(
3
6Mi
ngyi
;q
uo
t
e
di
nZuo
z
hua
nZhao5
)s
a
yi
ngaSupe
r
i
o
rPe
r
s
o
no
na
j
o
ur
ne
ydoe
sno
te
a
tf
o
rt
hr
e
edays
;
andt
heMe
n
gz
i(
3
B.
1
0
)de
s
c
r
i
be
sChe
n
f
l
.4
t
hc
e
nt
.B.
C.
E.
)whof
a
s
t
e
df
o
rt
hr
e
edaysunt
i
lhe
Zho
ngz
i陳仲子 (
c
o
ul
dne
i
t
he
rs
e
eno
rhe
ar
,o
nl
yt
or
e
c
ove
rhi
ss
e
ns
e
si
r
oni
c
al
l
ya
f
t
e
r
e
a
t
i
ngawo
r
mype
a
c
h.
Or
i
inso
g
ft
hewo
r
dz
h
at
'
)
'
i
e膏戒 `
f
as
t
i
nga
nda
bs
t
i
ne
nc
e
'ar
eake
y
h
ai
j
i
ee
t
ymol
o
gyc
o
ul
dbea
ne
ar
l
yChi
ne
s
ei
nt
e
i
s
s
ue. A hypo
t
he
t
i
c
lz
a
gr
a
t
i
o
no
ft
e
ndaysf
r
om di
f
f
e
r
e
nt(
na
t
i
veandf
or
e
i
gn?
,anc
i
e
ntand
mode
r
n?
)t
hr
e
ea
nds
e
ve
nda
yL
a
s
t
i
ngc
us
t
o
mso
fz
h
aiF (
O
rz
hi
z
h
ai
)a
nd
j
i
e戒 (
Ors
anz
h
ai
)
. Thee
ar
l
i
e
s
tr
e
c
o
r
de
dus
a
gei
st
he(
C.3
0
0B.
C.
E.
)
Me
n
gz
i(
4
B.
2
5
)a
r
g
ui
ngt
ha
te
ve
nwi
c
ke
dpe
opl
ec
a
ns
a
c
r
i
f
i
c
et
ogodi
f
f
as
ta
ndbat
he
.
'
t
he
y膏戒沫浴 `
Thec
r
o
s
s
c
ul
t
ur
alpe
r
s
pe
c
t
i
ve
so
fChi
ne
s
er
i
t
ualf
a
s
t
sa
r
eac
o
nc
l
udi
n等 t
O
pi
c
I Fa
s
t
i
ng i
s pr
ac
t
i
c
al
l
y uni
ve
r
s
alamo
ng Eas
t
e
r
na
nd
We
s
t
e
r
nc
ul
t
ur
e
s
,a
ndi
save
ne
r
a
bl
eme
anso
fal
t
e
r
i
ngc
ons
c
i
o
us
ne
s
sf
o
r
s
pi
r
i
t
ualpur
po
s
e
s
. Bo
ur
gui
gno
ne
t
hno
g
r
a
phi
c
al
l
ya
nal
yz
e
d4
8
8c
ul
t
ur
e
s
Ri
t
u
a
lFa
s
t
sa
n
dS
p
i
r
i
tVi
s
i
o
n
si
nt
h
eLi
j
i
1
23
a
ndc
o
nc
l
ude
d(
1
9
7
4
:2
4
1
)
:H
r
e
l
i
gi
o
usi
ns
t
i
t
ut
i
o
nal
i
z
a
t
i
o
no
fa
l
t
e
r
e
ds
t
a
t
e
s
i
sve
r
ywi
de
s
pr
e
ada
mo
ngt
hes
o
c
i
e
t
i
e
sofmanki
nd,
be
i
ngpr
e
s
e
nti
n9
0%
o
fo
urwor
l
dwi
des
a
mpl
eo
fs
o
c
i
e
t
i
e
s
.
"
j
ide
s
c
r
i
pt
i
onspr
e
s
e
nt
e
d,
t
heJ
i
y
ipas
s
a
gei
smos
t
Amongal
lt
heLZ
i
nt
r
i
gui
ngbe
c
a
us
ei
ts
pe
c
i
f
i
e
sme
di
t
a
t
i
n
ga
spa
r
to
fr
i
t
ualf
a
s
t
i
ngand
a
bs
t
i
ne
nc
e
.(
Andi
tus
e
sc
r
ypt
i
ct
e
r
mi
nol
ogyl
i
kea
i優 `
pa
nt
;a
ppa
r
e
nt
l
y
i
yi
'
sl
i
s
to
f`
l
i
f
e
s
t
yl
e
,j
oke
s
,a
s
pi
r
a
t
i
o
ns
,pl
e
as
e
ej
)Ⅰ
nr
e
f
e
r
e
nc
et
ot
heJ
s
ur
e
s
,a
ndf
ond
ne
s
s
e
s
'f
a
s
t
me
di
t
at
i
o
ns
,Mac
Cul
l
oc
hs
ugge
s
t
s
:
Thec
o
nne
xi
o
nbe
t
we
e
nf
as
t
i
nga
ndo
t
he
rdi
s
c
i
pl
i
na
r
yme
t
hods
,a
nd
dr
e
a
ms
,vi
s
i
o
ns
,o
rr
e
ve
l
at
i
ons
,i
swe
l
le
s
t
a
bl
i
s
he
de
ve
r
ywhe
r
e
.…
TheChi
ne
s
ec
us
t
om o
ff
as
t
i
ngbe
f
o
r
eas
ac
r
i
f
i
c
et
ot
heanc
e
s
t
r
al
s
pi
r
i
t
smayha
vehadt
hei
nt
e
nt
i
ono
fc
a
us
i
ngc
o
mmuni
onwi
t
ht
he
m
t
hr
o
ughvi
s
i
ons
,ast
hepe
r
s
onhadatt
hes
amet
i
met
of
i
l
lhi
smi
nd
wi
t
ht
ho
ught
so
ft
he
m, (
1
9
2
7
:7
6
2
)
Di
ds
uc
hH
t
ho
ught
s
"r
e
s
ul
ti
nho
l
yvi
s
i
o
ns
,f
a
s
t
i
nd
uc
e
dhal
l
uc
i
na
t
i
o
ns
,o
r
wi
s
hf
ulr
e
ve
r
i
e
s
? We
r
et
he
s
eal
l
e
ge
dl
ype
r
c
e
i
ve
dpa
r
e
nt
als
pi
r
i
t
i
s
msdue
t
oi
ma
ina
g
t
i
o
n,ps
e
udo
pe
r
c
e
pt
i
o
n,o
rmi
s
pe
r
c
e
pt
i
on? Co
ul
dt
heJ
l
'
y
ihave
be
e
nde
s
c
r
i
bi
nghal
l
uc
i
na
t
o
r
yt
r
a
nc
es
t
a
t
e
s
P Al
t
ho
ught
hevi
s
i
o
n(
1
)o
f
par
e
nt
als
pi
r
i
t
saf
t
e
rt
hr
e
edaysoff
a
s
t
i
ngc
a
nbephys
i
ol
o
gi
c
al
l
ye
xpl
ai
ne
da
wa
ya
sahal
l
uc
i
nat
i
on,c
l
e
a
r
l
yt
heo
t
he
rphe
nome
nac
a
nno
t
be
c
a
us
et
he
ywe
r
es
e
e
nandhe
a
r
dwhe
nwal
ki
ngi
n(
2
)
,o
ut(
3
)
,a
ndf
r
o
m
(
4
)t
hea
nc
e
s
t
r
alt
e
mpl
e
.
'
j
ir
i
t
ualf
as
t
si
sc
o
mpl
i
c
at
e
d by
Ans
we
r
i
ng que
s
t
i
o
nsa
bo
utLl
di
f
f
e
r
e
nc
e
samo
nga
nc
i
e
nt
/
mo
de
r
nChi
ne
s
e
/
We
s
t
e
r
nps
yc
hol
o
gy,c
ul
t
ur
e
,
a
ndl
a
ngua
ge
. Good
man(
1
9
8
6
:2
8
2
)ps
yc
hol
o
gi
c
al
l
ydi
c
ho
t
o
mi
z
e
s"
hal
l
uc
i
na
t
i
o
ns
"as
s
o
c
i
a
t
e
dwi
t
hi
ns
ani
t
yf
r
om "
vi
s
i
o
ns
"t
ha
t"
c
a
nbei
nduc
e
d
1
24
人
文 研
究 第
91 韓
andt
e
r
mi
na
t
e
dr
i
t
ual
l
y.
" Ont
heoneha
nd,t
heEngl
i
s
hl
e
xi
c
o
ndi
vi
de
s
be
t
we
e
n af
al
s
eo
rde
l
us
i
o
nalh
al
l
uc
i
nat
i
o
n(
< La
t
i
nh
al
l
u
^
c
i
na
^
r
i<
a
^
l
i
i
c
i
na
^
r
i`
t
owande
ri
nmi
nd/
t
ho
ug
ht
;
t
al
ki
dl
y,
pr
at
e
'
)andas
upe
r
nat
ur
al
<La
t
i
nv
l
^
s
i
o
^
n-<v
t
s
i
o`
s
e
e
i
n
g;
s
i
ht
g
,
t
hi
ngs
e
e
n'
)
. On
o
rr
e
l
i
iousv
g
i
s
i
o
n(
t
heot
he
rha
nd,Engl
i
s
hChi
ne
s
edi
c
t
i
o
nar
i
e
sr
e
gul
ar
l
yt
r
ans
l
a
t
ebot
h
wor
dsa
sh〟
αn
j
ue幻 覚 '
hal
l
uc
i
na
t
i
o
n,de
l
us
i
on;vi
s
i
on;i
l
l
us
i
o
n,f
a
nt
a
s
y;
vi
s
i
o
n;
mi
r
a
ge
,
pha
nt
a
s
m,
'whi
c
hChi
ne
s
ec
o
nt
r
a
s
t
sf
ro
m hu
anx
i
a
n
g幻想 `
i
l
l
us
i
o
n;f
ant
a
s
y,f
anc
y;daydr
e
am,r
e
ve
r
i
e'and hu
an
yi
n
g 幻影 `
vi
s
i
o
n;
unr
e
ali
ma
ge
,i
l
l
us
i
o
n;pha
nt
a
s
m;pha
nt
o
m,ghos
t
.
' Anal
yz
i
ngt
hes
o
me
t
i
me
sdi
f
f
i
c
ul
tc
l
as
s
i
c
all
angua
geo
ft
heLl
'
j
ic
anber
e
war
di
ng. Fo
r
i
ns
t
a
nc
e
,t
hepol
ys
e
mo
use
t
ymo
nf
o
rt
he
s
eChi
ne
s
ewo
r
d
si
shu
an 幻
`
hal
l
uc
i
na
t
i
on;vi
s
i
o
n;i
l
l
us
i
on,ma
gi
c;f
a
nt
as
y,pha
nt
om;de
c
e
i
t
,de
l
us
i
on;
be
wi
t
c
he
r
y;
i
l
l
us
or
y,i
ma
gi
na
r
y;
u
nr
e
al
,
i
ns
ubs
t
a
nt
i
al
;
de
c
e
pt
i
ve
;
c
o
ns
t
a
nt
hal
l
uc
i
na
t
e
;de
c
e
i
ve'gr
a
phs
l
yc
hangi
ng,c
hange
a
bl
e.
' Thee
ar
l
i
e
s
t幻 `
pi
e
c
eo
ft
hr
e
ad'o
nas
t
i
c
k,whi
c
hpal
eo
gr
a
phe
r
s
o
bs
c
ur
e
l
ypi
c
t
ur
e
da玄 `
l
e
,ama
gi
ct
r
i
c
k,o
rapr
aye
rs
t
i
c
k.
be
l
i
e
vede
l
i
ne
a
t
e
das
hut
t
Owi
ngt
ot
hepr
e
s
e
ntar
t
i
c
l
e'
sl
i
it
m
e
ds
c
o
peofz
h
air
i
t
ualf
a
s
t
si
n
}
'
i
,i
tc
o
nc
l
ude
swi
t
hmo
r
eque
s
t
i
o
nst
ha
na
ns
we
r
s
,butt
he
yc
an
t
heLl
'
c
o
nt
r
i
but
et
o
war
dsf
ut
ur
es
t
udi
e
s
. Thi
sa
nc
i
e
ntChi
ne
s
et
e
xto
pe
nsupa
wi
ndo
wl
ooki
ngbac
kt
wot
ho
us
a
ndye
a
r
sandr
e
ve
al
i
ngapr
i
malme
t
hod
o
fs
pi
r
i
t
ual
i
s
m.
Ref
er
enc
es
9
7
4
."
Cr
os
s
Cul
t
ur
alPe
r
s
pe
c
t
i
ve
so
nt
heRe
l
i
ious
g
Bo
ur
gui
gno
n,Er
i
ka.1
Us
e
so
fAl
t
e
r
e
dSt
a
t
e
so
fCo
ns
c
i
o
us
ne
s
s
.
"I
nRe
h
'
gi
o
w Mo
v
e
me
n由
i
n Co
nt
e
mpwa7
y Ame
r
i
c
a,e
d.byI
r
vi
ngI
.
Zar
e
t
s
kya
ndMa
r
k P.
Ri
t
u
a
lFa
s
t
sa
n
dSp
i
r
i
tVi
s
i
o
n
si
nt
h
eLt
'
j
i
1
25
Le
one. Pr
i
nc
e
t
o
n:Pr
i
nc
e
t
o
nUni
ve
r
s
i
t
yPr
e
s
s
.228-243.
Car
.
r
,Mi
c
hae
l
.1
9
8
5. "
Pe
r
s
ona
t
i
o
no
ft
heDe
a
di
n Anc
i
e
ntChi
na.
"
Co
mput
a
t
i
o
na
lAnal
y
s
e
so
fAs
i
a
na
ndAf
r
i
c
a
nLa
n
gu
a
ge
s24:ト107.
Cha
ng,K.
C.1
9
7
7. "
Anc
i
e
ntChi
na.
"I
nFo
o
di
nChi
ne
s
eCul
t
uy
l
e
,e
d.
by
K.
C.
Chang. Ne
w Ha
ve
n:Yal
eUni
ve
r
s
i
t
yPr
e
s
s
.2
35
2.
Co
uvr
e
ur
,F.
S:
,t
r
.1
91
3. LiKi
,o
uMe
'
mo
i
r
e
ss
url
e
sBi
e
ns
e
'
a
nc
e
se
tl
e
s
Ce
'
y
l
e
'
mo
ni
e
s
. 2vol
s
. He
j
i
a
nf
u:Mi
s
s
i
o
nCa
t
hol
i
que
.
Ebe
r
har
d,Wol
f
r
am.1
9
8
6. A Di
c
t
i
o
nar
yO
f Chi
ne
s
eS
ymb
o
l
s
;m'
d
d
e
n
S
ymb
o
由i
nCh
i
ne
s
eLi
f
ea
ndTh
o
朗
ght
.London:Rout
l
e
dge
.
E7
ya 爾雅 [
Ne
arEl
e
gantLa
ngua
ge
]
. Ha
r
var
dYe
nc
hi
n
ge
di
t
i
o
n.
9
8
6. "
Vi
s
i
o
ns
.
"I
nTh
eEnc
y
c
l
o
pe
di
ao
fRe
h
'
gi
o
n,
Good
man,Fe
l
i
c
i
t
asD.1
e
d.byMi
r
c
e
aEl
i
ade. Ne
w Yor
k:Mac
mi
l
l
an.5:286-290.
Gu
a
n
g
y
un磨韻 [
Expande
dRhyme
book]
. 古音大字典 e
d.
J
o
hns
t
o
n,R.
Fl
e
i
mn
g.1
9
2
7. "
Pur
i
f
i
c
at
i
on(
Chi
ne
s
e
)
.
"I
n Enc
y
c
l
o
pe
d
i
a
l
i
gi
o
na
ndEt
hi
c
s
,
e
d.
byJa
me
sHa
s
t
i
ngs
. Ne
wYo
r
k:
Sc
r
i
bne
r
.
o
fRe
1
0:4
7
047
4.
Ka
r
l
gr
e
n,Be
r
n
har
d.1
9
6
4. Gl
o
s
s
e
so
nt
h
eBo
o
ko
f Ode
s
. St
oc
kho
l
m:
Mus
e
um ofFa
rEas
t
e
r
nAnt
i
q
ui
t
i
e
s
.
9
6
7. Lo
a
nCh
aγ
α
c
t
e
y
:
si
nP e
Ha
wTe
x
t
s
. St
oc
khol
m:Mus
e
um o
f
.1
yl
Fa
rEas
t
e
r
nAnt
i
q
ui
t
i
e
s
.
.1
9
71
. Gl
o
s
s
e
so
nt
heLiKi
. St
o
c
khol
m:Mus
e
um ofFarEa
s
t
e
r
n
Ant
i
q
ui
t
i
e
s
.
Le
gge
,J
a
me
s
,t
r
.1
8
71. Th
eSheKi
n
g. Oxf
or
d:Oxf
or
d Uni
ve
r
s
i
t
y
Pr
e
s
s
.
8
85. Th
eLZ
^Kl
^
,2vol
s
.S
a
c
y
l
e
dBo
o
k
so
ft
h
eEa
s
tvol
s
.2728
.
.1
0Ⅹf
or
d:oxf
or
dUni
ve
r
s
i
t
yPr
e
s
s
.
Ll
j
i穫記 [
Re
c
or
dso
nRi
t
ual
/
Ce
r
e
mo
ni
al
]
. 十三経注疏 e
di
t
i
o
n.
Lun
y
u論語 [
(
Co
nf
uc
i
a
n)Anal
e
c
t
s
]
. Har
va
r
dYe
nc
hi
nge
di
t
i
o
n.
1
26
人 文 研 究 第 91 輯
Mac
Cul
l
oc
h,∫.
A.1
9
27
."
Fa
s
t
i
ng(
Ⅰ
nt
r
o
duc
t
o
r
yandno
nChr
i
s
t
i
a
n)
.
"I
n
Enc
ycl
o
pe
di
ao
fRe
l
i
gi
o
na
ndEt
h
i
c
s
,e
d.byJ
a
me
sHa
s
t
i
ngs
. Ne
w
Yo
r
k:Sc
r
i
bne
r
. 5:759-765.
Me
n
gz
i孟子 [
Wr
i
t
i
n
gso
fMe
nc
i
us
]
. Ha
r
var
dYe
nc
hi
nge
di
t
i
on.
Rade
r
,Ro
s
e
mar
y.1986. 日
Fas
t
i
ng.
"I
nTh
eEnc
yc
l
o
pe
di
ao
fRe
l
i
gi
o
n,e
d.
byMi
r
c
e
aEl
i
ade
. Ne
w Yo
r
k:Mac
mi
l
l
an.5:286-290.
Ri
e
ge
l
,J
e
f
f
r
e
y K.1993. "
Lic
hi穫記.
"Ⅰ
n Ea
r
l
y Ch
i
ne
s
e Te
x
t
s
:A
Bi
b
l
i
o
gr
a
phi
c
a
lGui
d
e
,e
d.byMi
c
hae
lLoe
we. Be
r
ke
l
e
y:Uni
ve
r
s
i
t
y
o
fCal
i
f
o
r
ni
a.293-7.
ShZ
j
i
n
g詩経 [
Boo
ko
fOde
s
/
Poe
t
r
y]
. Ha
r
var
dYe
nc
hi
nge
di
t
i
o
n.
Sh
u
o
we
nj
i
e
z
i説文解字 [
Anal
yt
i
c
alDi
c
t
i
o
nar
yo
fCha
r
a
c
t
e
r
s
]
. 上海古籍
e
d.
hn,
t
r
.1
91
7
. Th
eI
Li
,O
rBo
o
ko
fEt
i
q
u
e
t
t
ea
ndCe
r
e
mo
ni
a
l
.2
St
e
e
l
e
,Jo
vol
s
. Lo
ndo
n:Pr
o
bs
t
hai
n.
r
.1979. Re
i
k
i礼記. 3vol
s
.Tokyo:Me
i
j
i
Take
uc
hiTe
r
uo竹 内照夫,t
s
hoi
n.
Wal
e
y,Ar
t
hur
,t
r
.1
9
3
8. Th
eAna
l
e
c
t
so
f Co
n
f
uc
i
u
s
. Lo
ndo
n:Ge
o
r
ge
Al
l
e
n& Unwi
n.
Wi
l
he
l
m,Ri
c
ha
r
d,t
r
.1930. '
LiGi
,'d
a
sBuc
kd
e
rSt
t
t
ede
sa
'
l
t
e
r
e
nu
nd
e
na:Di
e
de
r
i
c
hs
.
j
u
n
ge
r
e
nDa
i
.J
Yl
'
l
i儀 頑 [
Et
i
que
t
t
eandRi
t
ual
]
. 十三経注疏 e
di
t
i
o
n.
Yl
'
}
'
i
n
g易経 [
BookofCha
nge
s
]
. Har
va
r
dYe
nc
hi
nge
di
t
i
o
n.
Zh
o
ul
i周穫 [
ZhouRi
t
ual
]
. 十三経注疏 e
di
t
i
o
n.
Zu
o
z
hu
a
n 左侍 [
Zuo'
sCo
mme
nt
a
r
y/
Hi
s
t
o
r
y]
. Ha
r
va
r
dYe
nc
hi
ng e
di
t
i
o
n.
Zh
u
a
n
gz
i荘子 [
Ma
s
t
e
rZhuan
g]
. Ha
var
r
dYe
nc
h
i
nge
di
t
i
on.

Page 1 Page 2 論文審査結果の要旨 DNA およびタンパク質の配列から

0574. Maria Regina Mundi

Ihe ・Fu ture

NGT - Comunicato stampa

2015-03-24-domani torno a casa

会社概要 - ウシオ電機

2014-2015 Audition - Maui High School Chorus

La Passerella di Addio.(copy)

Corso - Policlinico News

A case study of Japanese sho - HERMES-IR

Digital performance of Italy Broadband markets At the end

Elenco Integrazioni Uti-AP2014-15

Analisi dati Next Generation Sequencing