1 Complexity and spatial patterns

1 Complexity and spatial patterns
Sub focus main researcher: Egbert Stolk
NWO URD Better Airport Regions (BAR) stakeholders meeting • WP1a/b • Arjan van Timmeren • May 16th 2014
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1.1 Understanding dynamic regions
• We understand the airport region/city from a
complexity-cognitive perspective;
• This understanding has implications on the proposed
methods, tools and types of interventions.
• A complexity-cognitive perspective:
• The region as a Complex Adaptive System;
• A dynamic equilibrium (AvT inaugural speech)
• A complexity-cognitive perspective:
• Implications of dealing with human agents;
• Implications of decision making; heuristics and
biases.
Portugali, J. 2011. Complexity, Cognition and the City, Berlin, Springer.
Portugali, J., Meyer, V. J., Stolk, E. H. & Tan, E. 2012. Complexity Theories of Cities have come of age, Heidelberg, Springer.
Sub focus main researcher: Egbert Stolk
NWO URD Better Airport Regions (BAR) stakeholders meeting • WP1a/b • Arjan van Timmeren • May 16th 2014
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1.1 Understanding urban (geo)design
• These agents design and plan, that is, they create
images of the future (prospection) and act on them
in a group context.
• An understanding of urban (geo) design:
• as moving between the concrete now & the abstract
future – with implications to creativity;
• As dealing with our limited information processing
capabilities
The resulting conceptual design-model is used to
describe the relation between flows and spatial
qualities.
MOP = Analysis
POM = Synthesis
is reasoning from morpholgoy to operation to performance
Artefact
aff
o
ca rds,
use
s
Morphology
s,
ord
aff uses
ca
Operation
Form (Morphology):
1- the physical properties of all units,
2 - all organizational properties of the units,
3 - all spatial relationships
is reasoning from
performance, to operation to
morphology
Operation:
as working of the function(s);
thus, how function works
Performance
Performance:
in relation to (ecological) context; reached ends in
accordance with program of requirements which
include norms
Domain
Activity Theory
Design thinking
Architecture
Network Urbanism
Geo-design
Source
Nosulenko et al
Gero et al
Tzonis & Guney Lynch
Oswald & Baccini
Steinitz
Morphology
Conceptual model
Structure
Form
City form
Morphology
Representation
model
Operation
Operative image
Behavior
Operation
Flows and
interactions
Physiology
Process model
Performance
Goal image
Function
Performance
Dimensions of
performance
Criteria for evaluating urban quality
Evaluation model
Unclear
Causal
Legibility
Relations
Sub focus main researcher: Egbert Stolk
NWO URD Better Airport Regions (BAR) stakeholders meeting • WP1a/b • Arjan van Timmeren • May 16th 2014
Urbanism
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1.1 Implications of this view
• Complex Adaptive System (CAS)
• Open system which can adapt itself to the changing environment;
• Deal with limited control over ‘the system’;
• Do as little as possible/necessary;
• Utilise the self-organizing capacity of stakeholders.
!
• Human planning and design agents are part of the system – resulting in a
Complex Adaptive Prospective System (CAPS).
• Trying to understand stakeholders’ understanding, collective planning and
design;
• Limited information processing capabilities and at the same time dealing with
complexity: the use of patterns.
Sub focus main researcher: Egbert Stolk
NWO URD Better Airport Regions (BAR) stakeholders meeting • WP1a/b • Arjan van Timmeren • May 16th 2014
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1.2 Pattern Language
“Each pattern is a three-part rule, which expresses a
relation between a certain context, a problem, and a
solution.” Christopher Alexander
!
!
Some characteristics of good patterns:
• generative, descriptive, explicative, recurrent,
non-definitive, context-sensitive, relational,
assistive (to humans), evolving.
• Provide non-linear ways of problem finding/solving.
Alexander, C., Ishikawa,
S. & Silverstein, M. 1977.
A pattern language:
towns, buildings,
construction, New York,
Oxford University Press.
Sub focus main researcher: Egbert Stolk
NWO URD Better Airport Regions (BAR) stakeholders meeting • WP1a/b • Arjan van Timmeren • May 16th 2014
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1.2 Patterns linking flows & spatial qualities
“Each pattern is a three-part rule, which expresses a
relation between a certain context, a problem, and a
solution.” Christopher Alexander
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
problem!
in terms of flows and
spatial qualities
solution!
in terms of flows and
spatial qualities
Context!
Airport Region
“patterns are:
- brief descriptions
- easy to transfer
- mediating tools in
multi-actor settings”
A pattern
In the BAR project, we developed a series of patterns
based on the preceding research & by using a variety of
tools.
Sub focus main researcher: Egbert Stolk
NWO URD Better Airport Regions (BAR) stakeholders meeting • WP1a/b • Arjan van Timmeren • May 16th 2014
6
1.2 Patterns for urban (geo)design
essential streams
spatial qualities
patterns
Sub focus main researcher: Egbert Stolk
NWO URD Better Airport Regions (BAR) stakeholders meeting • WP1a/b • Arjan van Timmeren • May 16th 2014
7
1.3 Testing the use of patterns
Problem
• Empirical research into design aids: the use of
analogies, scenario’s and design patterns in
individual and team contexts.
• Patterns are specifically fit to define design
problems, analyse idea solutions, and evaluate
proposals on their functionality. They help to gain
basic understanding from a technical/functional
perspective – which make them highly suitable to
deal with flows and qualities.
Patterns as problem-solution pair
Solutions
team
individual
Casakin, H., Timmeren, A. V. & Badke-Schaub, P. "Scenarios and Design Patterns in Design Education". Proceedings of 10th International Conference on
Contemporary Issues of Higher Education - The Ethos of the Academe: Standing the Test of Time, September 10-12 2013 Ariel, Israel. 38-58.
Sub focus main researcher: Egbert Stolk
NWO URD Better Airport Regions (BAR) stakeholders meeting • WP1a/b • Arjan van Timmeren • May 16th 2014
8
1.4 BAR patterns #1
• BAR patterns:
Phrase 1
Create a diverse
landscape using
excess heat for
biomass production
[AW]
Phrase 2
Create an intensive
multi-functional landuse using
noise adapted
urban morphologies
[ES ism ML]
Phrase 3
Diversifying renewable
energy for an innovative
transport hub
[AvT]
Pattern 1a.
Keep your algae warm
Use excess heat to
produce biomass in
close proximity to the
heat and cold grid
Pattern 2a.
Deaf valley
Pattern 3a.
[title PM]
[description PM]
Pattern 1b.
Greening the
backyard
Combining biomass
production with leisure
functions in the noise
contour
Pattern 2b.
Sun-Sound-Synergies
Use noise adaptation
for solar-energy
production
Pattern 3b.
[title PM]
[description PM]
Pattern 1c.
[Governanca pattern
PM]
Pattern 1c.
Awkward zoning
Facilitate rule free
experimental zones in
awkward placesn
Pattern 3c.
[title PM]
[description PM]
By combining noiseresistant functions and/
or noise-resistant urban
morphologies within noise
contours, land-use can be
Phrase 4
To adapt the spatial
transport networks to
optimize economic
airport [BM]
Pattern 4a.
Knowledge-port by the
air-port
Supporting the knowledge
economy by securing a
close temporal distance to
metropolitan centres.
Pattern 4b.
Phrase 5
Establishing a smart
“rotonde” for reclaimed
resources in the airport
region
[BG]
Pattern 5a.
Polymer paradise
Urban mining, Material
Metabolism, Closed
resource cycles, ShortCircuit Economy, Airport
region plastic mining
Get out of the plane, take
the train to nowhere, and
stay informed
Pattern 5b.
Slowing down and
closing water-related
cycles
[description PM]
Pattern 4c.
[Governanca pattern
PM)
Pattern 5c.
Coordinating the
dynamics of waste
Supporting information and
communication sectors by merely
improving public transport in the
territories in between.
[description PM]
• Several sentences/themes, 3 patterns each.
!
• Described at two levels:
• Basic level for general use;
• Advanced level including theoretical and empirical
support
!
• Sentence: “Create a diverse landscape using
excess heat for biomass production”
!
• Patterns: “Keep your algae warm; Excess Heat
Exchange; Greening the backyard.”
Sub focus main researcher: Egbert Stolk
NWO URD Better Airport Regions (BAR) stakeholders meeting • WP1a/b • Arjan van Timmeren • May 16th 2014
9
1.4 BAR patterns #2
Game with stakeholders:
• Strategy related patterns;
• Flow related patterns;
• Project related patterns.
Sub focus main researcher: Egbert Stolk
NWO URD Better Airport Regions (BAR) stakeholders meeting • WP1a/b • Arjan van Timmeren • May 16th 2014
10
1.4 IPG1 patterns
• Patterns on urban airport symbiosis around
physical flows;
• Including an updated pattern methodology;
• And a manual how to make a pattern library.
MSc students: Bas Mentink - Laurence Henriquez - Lisette van Niekerk - Rhea Verheul
Sub focus main researcher: Egbert Stolk
NWO URD Better Airport Regions (BAR) stakeholders meeting • WP1a/b • Arjan van Timmeren • May 16th 2014
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1.4 IPG2 patterns
• Sentence:
• Energy Exchange in a Transferium.
• Patterns:
• Green Transferium – Transportation from A to
Sustainability;
• Creating value with the INNOexchange;
• 3-S Travelers’ Oasis – a place to recharge;
• Amsterdam’s Vibrant and Green Backyard.
• Including an extended stakeholder analysis.
MSc students: Renske Verhulst – Wesley Crock – Hannah Kellerman – Yusuf Ciftci
Sub focus main researcher: Egbert Stolk
NWO URD Better Airport Regions (BAR) stakeholders meeting • WP1a/b • Arjan van Timmeren • May 16th 2014
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1.4 RE SIL(I)ENCE patterns
TUD MSc project of Martijn Lugten!
(mentors: E. Stolk / F. vd Hoeven)
Sub focus main researcher: Egbert Stolk
NWO URD Better Airport Regions (BAR) stakeholders meeting • WP1a/b • Arjan van Timmeren • May 16th 2014
13
1.4 Noise attenuating measures
TUD MSc project of Martijn Lugten!
(mentors: E. Stolk / F. vd Hoeven)
• Knowledge gap: the built environment and airplane
noise;
• Filling in this gap with 24 patterns, including:
• Generic information, Schiphol specific information;
• Distinctions between:
• SST noise and CA noise;
• Direct and indirect noise;
• Absorption, shielding and dispersion.
• On three levels: building engineering, materialisation
and urban morphology;
• And some possible clusters of patterns.
Sub focus main researcher: Egbert Stolk
NWO URD Better Airport Regions (BAR) stakeholders meeting • WP1a/b • Arjan van Timmeren • May 16th 2014
14
1.4 Noise attenuating patterns
TUD MSc project of Martijn Lugten!
(mentors: E. Stolk / F. vd Hoeven)
Sub focus main researcher: Egbert Stolk
NWO URD Better Airport Regions (BAR) stakeholders meeting • WP1a/b • Arjan van Timmeren • May 16th 2014
15
1.4 Example pattern
TUD MSc project of Martijn Lugten!
(mentors: E. Stolk / F. vd Hoeven)
CA noise
Applicability of
the pattern in
the Schiphol
region:
SST noise
Sub focus main researcher: Egbert Stolk
NWO URD Better Airport Regions (BAR) stakeholders meeting • WP1a/b • Arjan van Timmeren • May 16th 2014
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1.4 Combinations of patterns
TUD MSc project of Martijn Lugten!
(mentors: E. Stolk / F. vd Hoeven)
Sub focus main researcher: Egbert Stolk
NWO URD Better Airport Regions (BAR) stakeholders meeting • WP1a/b • Arjan van Timmeren • May 16th 2014
17
1.4 Application: individual/group
TUD MSc project of Martijn Lugten!
(mentors: E. Stolk / F. vd Hoeven)
Sub focus main researcher: Egbert Stolk
NWO URD Better Airport Regions (BAR) stakeholders meeting • WP1a/b • Arjan van Timmeren • May 16th 2014
18
1 To conclude
• Design-patterns provide a multi-dimensional understanding of the
relation between spatial qualities and essential resource flows.
• Design-patterns allow us to combine multi-dimensional geographical
properties (human capital, accessibility, property-value) of the airport
region.
• Design-patterns provide a multi-dimensional understanding of the
relation between airplane/airport noise and the built environment.
Final presentation Martijn Lugten: July 1st 10:30
Room F, Faculty of Architecture and the Built Environment.
Sub focus main researcher: Egbert Stolk
NWO URD Better Airport Regions (BAR) stakeholders meeting • WP1a/b • Arjan van Timmeren • May 16th 2014
19

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