Journal and Conference Papers

R. Happee
R. Happee (Riender)
Assistant Professor
BioMechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering
Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, the Netherlands
[email protected] | T +31 15 2783213 | M +31 6 20493500
June 2014
Journal Publications
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Forbes PA, Dakin CJ, Geers AM, Vlaar MP, Happee R, Siegmund GP, Schouten AC, Blouin JS. (2014). Electrical Vestibular Stimuli to Enhance VestibuloMotor Output and Improve Subject Comfort. PLoS ONE 9(1): e84385. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0084385.
Katzourakis DI, de Winter JCF, Alirezaei M, Corno M, Happee R. (2014). Road Departure Prevention in an Emergency Obstacle Avoidance Situation. On
Line IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems 44 (5), 6572813: 621-629.
Katzourakis DI, Abbink DA, Velenis E, Holweg E, Happee R. (2014). Driver’s Arms Time Variant Neuromuscular Admittance During Real Car Test-Track
Driving. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 63(1): 221-230.
Katzourakis DI, Velenis E, Holweg E, Happee R. (2014). Haptic Steering Support for Driving near the Vehicle’s Handling Limits; Skid-pad case.
International Journal of Automotive Technology, 15(1) : 151−163.
Katzourakis DI, Velenis E, Holweg E, Happee R. Haptic Steering Support for Driving near the Vehicle’s Handling Limits; Test-track case. In Press
Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems.
van Leeuwen PM, Happee R, de Winter JCF. Vertical Field of View Restriction in Driver Training: A Simulator-Based Evaluation. Transportation Research
Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour 24: 169-182.
de Winter J, Happee R. (2013). Why selective publication of statistically significant results can be effective. PLoS ONE 8(6): e66463.
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0066463.
Forbes PA, Dakin CJ, Vardy A, Happee R, Siegmund GP, Schouten AC, Blouin JS. (2013). Frequency response of vestibular reflexes in neck, back and
lower limb muscles, Journal of Neurophysiology, 110(8): 1869-1881.
Forbes PA, de Bruijn E, Schouten AC, van der Helm FCT, Happee R. (2013). Dependency of human neck reflex responses on the bandwidth of
pseudorandom anterior-posterior torso perturbations. Experimental Brain Research 226(1): 1-14.
Schwab AL, de Lange PDL, Happee R, Moore JK. (2013). Rider control identification in bicycling using lateral force perturbation tests. Proceedings of the
Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part K: Journal of Multi-body Dynamics 227(4) 390–406 - SAGE Best Paper prize 2013 in the Journal of Multibody
Dynamics.
van Drunen P, Maaswinkel E, van der Helm FCT, van Dieën JH, Happee R. (2013). Identifying intrinsic and reflexive contributions to low-back stabilization.
J Biomechanics 46 (8) 1440-1446 .
de Winter JCF, Happee R. (2012). Modeling driver behaviour: a rationale for multivariate statistics. Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science 13(5): 528545.
Ehtemam F, Forbes PA, Schouten AC, van der Helm FCT, Happee R. (2012). Galvanic vestibular stimulation elicits consistent head-neck motion in seated
subjects. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering 59(7): 1978-1984.
Katzourakis DI, de Winter JCF, de Groot S, Happee R. (2012). Driving simulator parameterization using double-lane change steering metrics as recorded
on five modern cars. Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory 20: 96-112.
Östh J, Brolin K, Happee R. (2012): Active muscle response using feedback control of a finite element human arm model, Computer Methods in
Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering 15(4): 347-361.
Saffarian M, de Winter JCF, Happee R. (2012). Enhancing driver car following performance through distance and acceleration display. IEEE Transactions
on Human-Machine Systems 43(1): 8-16.
Saffarian M, Happee R, de Winter JCF. (2012). Why do drivers maintain short headways in fog? A driving simulator study evaluating feeling of risk and
lateral control during automated and manual car following. Ergonomics 55(9): 971-985.
Borst J, Forbes PA, Happee R, Veeger DJ. (2011). Muscle parameters for musculoskeletal modelling of the human neck. Clinical Biomechanics 26: 343–
351.
Forbes PA, Happee R, van der Helm FCT, Schouten AC. (2011). EMG feedback tasks reduce reflexive stiffness during force and position perturbations.
Experimental Brain Research 213(1): 49–61.
Katzourakis DI, Abbink DA, Holweg E, Happee R. (2011). Steering Force Feedback for Human–Machine-Interface Automotive Experiments. IEEE
Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 60(1): 32-43.
Katzourakis DI, Velenis E, Abbink DA, Happee R, Holweg E. (2011). Race Car Instrumentation for Driving Behaviour Studies. IEEE Transactions on
Instrumentation & Measurement 61(2): 462-474.
Velenis E, Katzourakis D, Frazzoli E, Tsiotras P, Happee R. (2011). Steady-State Drifting Stabilization for RWD Vehicles. Control Engineering Practice
19(11): 1363-1376.
Happee R, Schouten AC, de Vlugt E (2008). Posture Maintenance of the Human Upper Extremity; Identification of Intrinsic and Reflex Based
Contributions. SAE International Journal of Passenger Cars 1(1): 1125-1135.
Beusenberg MC, Happee R. (1995). Helmet optimization: outer and inner shell behaviour with respect to various criteria. International Journal of Injury
Control and Safety Promotion (formerly International Journal for Consumer Safety) 2(3): 149–162.
Happee R, van der Helm FCT. (1995). The control of shoulder muscles during goal directed movements, an inverse dynamic analysis. Journal of
Biomechanics 28(10): 1179-1191.
Gerdes VCJ, Happee R. (1994). The use of an internal representation in fast goal-directed movements: a modelling approach. Biological Cybernetics
70(6): 513-524.
Happee R. (1994). Inverse dynamic optimization including muscular dynamics, a new simulation method applied to goal directed movements. Journal of
Biomechanics 27(7) 953-960.
Happee R. (1993a). Goal-directed arm movements. II: A kinematic model and its relation to EMG. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology 3(2) 13-23.
Happee R. (1993b). Goal-directed arm movements. III: Feedback and adaptation in response to inertia perturbations. Journal of Electromyography and
Kinesiology 3(1) 112-122.
Happee R. (1992a). Time optimality in the control of human movements. Biological Cybernetics 66(4) 357-366.
Happee R. (1992b). Goal-directed arm movements. I: Analysis of EMG records in shoulder and elbow muscles. Journal of Electromyography and
Kinesiology 2(3) 165-178.
Page 1 of 5
R. Happee
Submitted Journal Papers
32. Damveld HJ, Steen J, Happee R, van Paassen MM, Mulder MM. Investigating the Effect of Preview Distance on Driver Steering Behavior using System
Identification. Submitted.
33. de Bruijn E, Nijmeijer SWR, Forbes PA, Koelman JHTM, van der Helm FCT, Tijssen MAJ, Happee R. Reduced beta-band power in dystonic neck muscles
during isometric contractions. Submitted.
34. de Bruijn W, van der Helm FCT, Happee R. Equilibrium in all cervical joints is essential when modeling isometric cervical strength. Submitted.
35. de Winter JCF, Happee R, Martens MA, Stanton NA. Effects of ACC and highly automated driving on workload and situation awareness: A review of the
empirical evidence. Accepted for Publication in Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour.
36. Forbes PA, de Bruijn E, Nijmeijer SWR, Koelman JHTM, Schouten AC, Tijssen MAJ, Happee R. Head-neck stabilization in cervical dystonia: task
dependent impairment of reflex modulation. Submitted
37. Forbes PA, Geers AM, Happee R, van der Helm FCT, Schouten AC. Vestibulocollic reflexes are modulated to amplitude and bandwidth of lateral torso
perturbations. Submitted.
38. Forbes PA, Siegmund GP, Happee R, Schouten AC, Blouin JS. The effect of balance task and descending motor command on vestibulocollic reflexes.
Conditionally accepted by the Journal of Neurophysiology.
39. Happee R, van Vliet B, de Vlugt E. Nonlinear 2D arm dynamics in response to continuous and pulse-shaped force perturbations. Under revision.
40. Östh J, Eliasson E, Happee R, Brolin K. A Method to Model Anticipatory Postural Control in Driver Braking Events. Accepted for publication in Traffic Injury
Prevention.
Conference Publications (reviewed unless indicated otherwise)
41. S.W.R. Nijmeijer, E. de Bruijn, P.A. Forbes, D.J. Kamphuis, R. Happee, M.A.J. Tijssen, J.H.T.M. Koelman. (2014). EMG coherence and spectral analysis in
cervical dystonia: Can they improve muscle selection before botulinum toxin treatment? Poster presentation during the 30th International Congress of
Clinical Neurophysiology (ICCN) in Berlin, 2014.
42. Bussemaker K, Happee R, Kotiadis D. Automated Driving Using Existing Adas Systems. (2014). FISITA Conference 2014.
43. Forbes PA, Siegmund GP, Happee R, Schouten AC, Blouin JS. (2013). The effect of balance task and descending motor command on vestibulocollic
reflexes. Neuroscience San Diego November 9-13, 2013 (abstract/poster).
44. Happee R, van Drunen P, Forbes PA, de Bruijn E, van Vliet B. (2013). Predicting neuromuscular stabilisation of neck, lumbar spine and arm using
continuous and transient perturbation experiments. Human Modelling and Simulation in Automotive Engineering. Aschaffenburg Germany May 2013.
45. Meijer R, Broos J, Elrofai H, de Bruijn E, Forbes PA, Happee R. (2013). Modelling of Bracing in a Multi-Body Active Human Model. IRCOBI Conference
2013.
46. van Leeuwen PM, Happee R, de Winter JCF. (2013). Investigating the effect of a visual search task for simulator-based driver training. Driving Assessment
2013.
47. Alders M, van Hemert JM, Pauwelussen JA (Jasper), Heffelaar T, Happee R, Pauwelussen J. (Joop) (2012). Managing Driver Workload Using Continuous
Driver Workload Assessment. Measuring Behaviour Utrecht the Netherlands August 28-31, 2012: 2 pages.
48. Chaves HM, Pauwelussen JA, Mulder M, van Paassen MM, Happee R, Mulder M. (2012). Detecting Intermittent Steering Activity, Development of a
Phase-detection Algorithm. IEEE Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics. Seoul Korea October 14-17, 2012: 6 pages.
49. Damveld HJ, Happee R. (2012). Identifying Driver Behaviour in Steering: Effects of Preview Distance. Measuring Behaviour Utrecht the Netherlands
August 28-31, 2012, p 44-46.
50. Damveld HJ, van Leeuwen PM, Happee R, Wentink M. (2012). Effects of Motion Cueing on Curve Driving Behavior. Driving Simulator Conference Europe
– Paris September 6-7, 2012 – 9 pages.
51. de Bruijn E, Happee R. (2012). Isometric validation of a detailed neck model with improved muscle geometry. Congress of the International Society of
Electrophysiology and Kinesiology (ISEK) Brisbane Australia July 19-21, 2012 (abstract).
52. de Bruijn E, Nijmeijer SWR, Forbes PA, Koelman JHTM, van der Helm FCT, Tijssen MAJ, Happee R. (2012). Isometric force experiments show reduced
directional specificity of muscles in patients with Cervical Dystonia. Neuroscience New Orleans October 13-17, 2012 (abstract).
53. de Winter JCF, van Leeuwen PM, Happee R. (2012). Advantages and Disadvantages of Driving Simulators: A Discussion. Measuring Behaviour Utrecht
the Netherlands August 28-31, 2012: 4 pages.
54. Forbes PA, Dakin C, Geers A, Happee R, Schouten AC, Blouin JS. Changes in vestibulomuscular coherence bandwidth in cervical, lumbar and lower limb
muscles. Neuroscience New Orleans October 13-17, 2012 (abstract).
55. Happee R, Damveld HJ, Abbink DA, van Paassen MM, Mulder M.(2012). Driver and Pilot Identification and Model Parameter Estimation; Modelling the
Visual, Vestibular, and Neuromuscular Control Loops Describing Driver and Pilot Behaviour. Measuring Behaviour Utrecht the Netherlands August 28-31,
2012: 4 pages.
56. Happee R, de Bruijn E, Schouten AC, van der Helm FCT, Forbes PA. Human neck reflex adaptation towards the frequency content of anterior-posterior
torso perturbations. Neuroscience New Orleans October 13-17, 2012 (abstract).
57. Hoogendoorn R, Hoogendoorn S, Brookhuis K, Happee R. (2012). Towards a stochastic model of driving behavior under adverse conditions: A Bayesian
network modeling approach. 1st International Conference on Human Factors in Transportation / 4th International Conference on Applied Human Factors
and Ergonomics, San Francisco July 21-25, 2012: p 7996-8006.
58. Katzourakis DI, Happee R, Holweg E, Velenis E. (2012). Haptic steering support in extreme steering. 1st International Conference on Human Factors in
Transportation / 4th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics, San Francisco July 21-25, 2012: p 8007-8016.
59. Katzourakis DI, Velenis E, Holweg E, Happee R. (2012). Haptic Steering Support when Driving at the Tires’ Cornering Limits. AVEC Seoul, Korea
September 9-12, 2012, 6 pages.
60. Saffarian M, de Winter JCF, Happee R. (2012). Automated Driving: Human-factors issues and design solutions. Proceedings of the Human Factors and
Ergonomics Society 56th Annual Meeting 2296-2300.
61. Schwab AL, de Lange PDL, Happee R, Moore JK. (2012). Rider control identification in bicycling, parameter estimation of a linear model using lateral force
perturbation tests. The 2nd Joint International Conference on Multibody System Dynamics (IMSD), Stuttgart Germany May 29 - June 1, 2012: 16 pages.
62. Schwab AL, de Lange PDL, Happee R (2012). Rider optimal control identification in bicycling. In: s.n. (ed.), ASME 2012 5th Annual Dynamic Systems and
Control Conference joint with the JSME 2012 11th Motion and Vibration Conference. ASME 2012 5th Annual Dynamic Systems and Control Conference
joint with the JSME 2012 11th Motion and Vibration Conference, October 17 - 19, 2012, Printed by: s.n., s.l., 2012, p. 1 - 4.
63. van Drunen P, Happee R, Willigenburg NW, van der Helm FCT, van Dieën JH. (2012). Neuromuscular stabilisation of the lumbar spine: Combined
identification of reflexes and antagonistic co-contraction. Congress of the International Society of Electrophysiology and Kinesiology (ISEK) Brisbane
Australia July 19-21, 2012 (abstract).
64. van Drunen P, Maaswinkel E, Veeger DJ, van Dieën JH, Happee R. (2012). Spinal bending patterns in sagittal plane perturbations. Congress of the
International Society of Electrophysiology and Kinesiology (ISEK) Brisbane Australia July 19-21, 2012 (abstract).
65. van Leeuwen PM, de Winter JCF, Happee R. (2012). Can we Discriminate Safe and Unsafe Visual Scanning in Multitask Driving Conditions? Measuring
Behaviour Utrecht the Netherlands August 28-31, 2012: p 40-43.
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R. Happee
66. van Leeuwen PM, Happee R, Damveld HJ, de Winter JC. (2012). A visual-scanning task for learning to drive: a driving simulator study. International
Conference on Traffic and Transport Psychology (ICTTP) Groningen the Netherlands August 29-31, 2012 (abstract).
67. de Bruijn E, Happee R, van der Helm FCT. (2011). Neuromuscular control of a detailed head and neck model. 3rd Dutch Biomedical Engineering
Conference, Egmond aan Zee the Netherlands January 20-21, 2011 (abstract).
68. de Mooij M, Happee R. (2011). Driver observation in car simulators: added value of observation technologies such as eye tracking and driver model
identification. Vehicle Dynamics Expo, Stuttgart, May 17-19, 2011 (Presentation only).
69. Forbes PA, de Bruijn E, Schouten AC, Happee R, van der Helm FCT. (2011). Head and Neck Stabilization in the Saggital Plane during continuous linear
anterior-posterior Translations. 3rd Dutch Biomedical Engineering Conference, Egmond aan Zee the Netherlands January 20-21, 2011 (abstract).
70. Forbes PA, Happee R, Schouten AC, van der Helm FCT. (2011). Exploring Human Muscle and Reflex Stiffness Modulation Using EMG Biofeedback
Tasks. International Society of Biomechanics (ISB) Congress, Brussels July 3-7, 2011 (abstract).
71. Happee R, van Drunen P, Forbes PA, de Bruijn E. (2011). Stabilisation of the neck & lumbar spine investigated using continuous perturbations. Human
Modelling and Simulation in Automotive Engineering. Aschaffenburg Germany May 26-27, 2011.
72. Happee R, Saffarian M, Terken J, Shahab Q, Uyttendaele. (2011). Human Factors in the Connect & Drive Project. 8th International Automotive Conference,
Eindhoven the Netherlands May 16-17, 2011: 10 pages (not reviewed).
73. Katzourakis D, Alirezaei M, de Winter JCF, Corno M, Happee R, Ghaffari A, Kazemi R. (2011). Shared Control for Road Departure Prevention. IEEE
International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (IEEE SMC) Anchorage Alaska October 9-12, 2001: 1037-1043.
74. Katzourakis D, Velenis D, Happee R. (2011). Driver Control Actions in High Speed Circular Driving. Sixth International Driving Symposium on Human
Factors in Driver Assessment, Training and Vehicle Design: 598-605.
75. Saffarian M, Happee R. (2011). Supporting Drivers in Car Following: A Step towards Cooperative Driving. IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV'11),
Baden-Baden Germany June 5-9, 2011: 939-944.
76. Steen J, Damveld HJ, Happee R, van Paassen MM, Mulder M. (2011). A Review of Visual Driver Models for System Identification Purposes. IEEE
International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (IEEE SMC) Anchorage Alaska October 9-12, 2011: 2093-2100.
77. van Drunen P, Willigenburg NW, Happee R, van Dieën JH. (2011). Identification of human lumbar spine stabilization in the sagittal plane using 1d-thorax
force perturbations. 3rd Dutch Biomedical Engineering Conference, Egmond aan Zee the Netherlands January 20-21, 2011 (abstract).
78. van Drunen P, Willigenburg NW, van Dieën JH, Happee R. (2011). Identification of Human Lumbar Spine Stabilization in the Sagittal Plane using 1DThorax Force Perturbations. International Society of Biomechanics (ISB) Congress, July 3-7, 2011, Brussels (abstract).
79. van Leeuwen PM, de Groot S, Happee R, de Winter JCF. (2011). Effects of Concurrent Continuous Visual Feedback on Learning the Lane Keeping Task.
Sixth International Driving Symposium on Human Factors in Driver Assessment, Training and Vehicle Design: 482-488.
80. Damveld HJ, Bonten JLG, Happee R, Mulder M. (2010). Motion Filter Design for Driver Observation in Hexapod Car Simulators. 2010 IEEE International
Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Istanbul, Turkey October 10-13, 2010: 1344-1351.
81. Katzourakis D, Droogendijk C, Abbink D, Happee R, Holweg E. (2010). Driver Model with Visual and Neuromuscular Feedback for Objective Assessment
of Automotive Steering Systems. International Symposium on Advanced Vehicle Control (AVEC) Loughborough UK August 22-26, 2010: 381-386.
82. Saffarian M, Happee R, Abbink DA, Mulder M (Max). (2010). Investigating the Functionality of Different Human Machine Interfaces for Cooperative
Adaptive Cruise Control; The 11th IFAC/IFIP/IFORS/IEA Symposium on Analysis, Design, and Evaluation of Human-Machine Systems, Valenciennes
France August 31-September 3, 2010.
83. Östh J, Brolin K, Happee R. (2010) Closed loop control of FE arm model. IV European Conference on Computational Mechanics, May 16-21, 2010, Paris.
84. Velenis E, Katzourakis D, Frazzoli E, Tsiotras P, Happee R. (2010). Stabilization of Steady-State Drifting for a RWD vehicle. International Symposium on
Advanced Vehicle Control (AVEC) Loughborough UK August 22-26, 2010: 820-825.
85. Fraga F, van Rooij L, Symeonidis I, Peldschus S, Wismans J, Happee R. (2009). Development of a Motorcycle Rider Model with Focus on Head and Neck
Biofidelity, Recurring to Line Element Muscle Models and Feedback Control. 21st International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles
(ESV), Stuttgart Germany June 15-18, 2009, Paper Number: 09-0244-O.
86. Happee R, van Drunen P. (2009). Posture Maintenance of the Human Neck. Digital Human Modeling for Design and Engineering Symposium, Göteborg
Sweden June 2009, SAE DHM 2009-01-2304.
87. Katzourakis D, Gerard M, Holweg E, Happee R. (2009). Design Issues for Haptic Steering Force Feedback on an Automotive Simulator. IEEE International
Workshop on Haptic-Audio Visual Environments and Games (HAVE), Lecco Italy November 7-8, 2009: 6p.
88. Bosma F, Rutjes R, van Hassel E, Unger M, Happee R, Hariharan P. (2007). Design Methods meeting Worldwide Occupant Safety Requirements for Side
Impact. Symposium on International Automotive Technology (SIAT) Pune India January 17-20, 2007.
89. van Hassel E, Bosma F, Vendrig R, Happee R. (2007). Method for leg protection of pedestrians and cyclists by vehicle front adaptation. Symposium on
International Automotive Technology (SIAT) Pune India January 17-20, 2007.
90. Rutjes N, van Hassel E, Happee R, Cappon H. (2007). Evaluation and improvement of side impact occupant safety using optimization and stochastic
analysis. SAE World Congress Detroit April 16-19, 2007. Paper SAE-2007-01-0365.
91. de Lange R, Happee R, van Rooij L, Liu XJ. (2006). Validation of human pedestrian models using laboratory data as well as accident reconstruction.
Expert Symposium on Accident Research (ESAR) Hannover September 1-2, 2006: 168-193.
92. Bosma F, van Oorschot E, Unger M, Teulings M, Happee R. (2005). Side Impact Systems Integration using BASIS Sled Testing and MADYMO PSM
Simulation. The Fourth International Forum of Automotive Traffic Safety (INFATS) October 2005 at Hunan University Changsha China.
93. Ritmeijer PA, Happee R, Bosch-Rekveldt MGC, van der Made R. (2005). Validation of Gasflow Airbag Simulation Methods. SAE World Conference Detroit
April 2005. Paper SAE-2005-01-1230.
94. Wismans J, Happee R, van Dommelen JAW. (2005). Computational Human Body Models. IUTAM Symposium on Impact Biomechanics Dublin July 2005:
13p.
95. Happee R, Klemann OMR, Liu XJ. (2004). Occupant Safety Simulation; Perspective of DOE, Optimisation and Stochastics in Restraint System Design.
The Third International Forum of Automotive Traffic Safety (INFATS) Shanghai 2004.
96. Happee R, Wolski S, Schoenmakers F, Ritmeijer P, Tyler-Street M, Bosch-Rekveldt M. (2004). Airbag simulation and robust design. Bag & Belt
Conference, 2004.
97. Happee R, Rekveldt M, Schoenmakers F. (2003). Advanced Airbag Modelling for Side Airbags and OOP using MADYMO. VDI Conference “Innovative
Occupant and Partner Crash Protection” Berlin November 2003. VDI Berichte 1794: 59-75.
98. Happee R, Steenbrink AC, Ritmeijer PA, Monster JW. (2002). Virtual testing in automotive passive safety design, challenges in airbag simulation.
(Computer Simulation in Automobile Unfall Bereich, Herausforderungen in Airbag Simulation.) Bag & Belt Conference, Frankfurt Germany March 2002.
99. Coley G, de Lange R, de Oliveira P, Neal-Sturgess CE, Happee R (2001). Pedestrian human body validation using detailed real-world accidents.
International Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact (IRCOBI), Isle of Man UK, October 10-12, 2001: 14p.
100. Happee R, van Hoof J, de Lange R (2001). Mathematical human modeling for impact loading. NAFEMS 2001 World Congress, Como April 2001: 11p.
101. van der Horst MJ, Bovendeerd PHM, Happee R, Wismans JSHM, Kingma H. (2001). Simulation of rear end impact with a full body human model with a
detailed neck: Role of passive muscle properties and initial seating posture. International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV),
Amsterdam the Netherlands June 4-7, 2001: 12p.
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R. Happee
102. van Hoof J, Happee R, Meijer R, Bours R, (2001). MADYMO FE human body model for automotive impact conditions, JAE Spring Convention, Tokyo,
Japan, May 23-25, 2001. JSAE Paper 20015336.
103. van Hoof J, Happee R, Puppini R, Baldauf H, Oakley C. (2001). Extended occupant safety through virtual testing: Objectives of the European project
VITES. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Applied Mechanics Division, AMD, 251, pp. 149-158.
104. Verver MM, Happee R, Wismans JSHM, Oudenhuijzen AJK. (2001). Comfort analysis with MADYMO human body models: a validation for vibrations.
Digital Human Modelling for Design and Engineering Conference, Washington June 26-28, 2001.
105. Wismans J, Happee R, van Hoof J, de Lange R. (2001). Future of human models for crash analysis. IPC-11, 11th International Pacific Conference on
Automotive Engineering "Motor vehicles for the 21st century", Shanghai, China, November 6-9, 2001 (Paper IPC2001E225).
106. Happee R, Meijer R, Ono K, van der Horst MJ, Yamazaki K. (2000). Analysis of rear end impact using mathematical human modelling. JSAE Spring
Convention 2000, JSAE paper No 20005335.
107. Happee R, Ridella S, Nayef A, Morsink P, de Lange R, Bours R, van Hoof J. (2000). Mathematical human body models representing a mid size male and a
small female for frontal, lateral and rearward impact loading. International Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact (IRCOBI), Sept 20-22, 2000: 18p.
108. Happee R, Verver MM, de Lange R. (2000). Mathematical human body modeling for impact loading and comfort. Conference on “Ergonomie und
Verkehrssicherheit”, Technische Universität München, October 12-13, 2000, ISBN 3-89675-634-5 (not reviewed).
109. Happee R, Verver MM, de Lange R. (2000). Simulation of human seated postures and dynamic seat interaction in impact conditions. IEA 2000 / HFES
2000 Conference, San Diego July 29 – August 4, 2000: 861-864.
110. Happee R. (2000). VDA pedestrian safety study, pedestrian modelling. Presented at European Vehicle Passive Safety Network, Workshop on Pedestrian
Safety. Brussels, October 9, 2000 (not reviewed).
111. Cappon HC, van den Kroonenberg AJ, Happee R, Wismans J. (1999). An improved lower leg multibody model. International Conference on the
Biomechanics of impact (IRCOBI), Sitges Barcelona Spain Sept 23-24, 1999: 499-512.
112. Happee R, Loczi J. (1999). Human seat interaction simulation using RAMSIS and the dynamic simulation program MADYMO. SAE Truck & Bus Show,
Detroit 1999, Paper 1999-01-3737.
113. Happee R, Morsink P, van der Horst MJ, Wismans J. (1999). Human body modelling in injury biomechanics. JSAE Spring Convention, Yokahama Japan,
May 19-21, 1999, No 60-99, pages 9-12, Paper 9934591.
114. Happee R, Morsink P, Wismans J. (1999). Mathematical human body modelling for impact loading. SAE International Conference on Digital human
modeling for design and engineering, The Hague the Netherlands, May 18-20, 1999. SAE paper 1999-01-1909: 9p.
115. Happee R, Wismans J. (1999). Pedestrian protection full-body simulations, dummy validation. Paper presented at VDA Technical Congress 'Where car and
future technology meet: safety, energy and environment' in Frankfurt, Germany, September 20-21, 1999; topic 1: safety: car passenger safety; pp. 31-42.
116. Happee R, Hoofman M, van den Kroonenberg AJ, Morsink P, Wismans J. (1998). A mathematical human body model for frontal and rearward seated
automotive impact loading. STAPP Car Crash Conference 1998, SAE 983150: 15p.
117. Happee R, Kant AR, Abramoski E, Feustel J. (1998). The load path from upper legs to chest in the Hybrid III dummy; Experiments and simulations.
International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV), Windsor, Ontario, Canada, May 31- June 4, 1998, Paper 98-S9-W-24, 9p.
118. Happee R, van Haaster R, Michaelsen L, Hoffmann R. (1998). Optimisation of vehicle passive safety for occupants with varying anthropometry.
International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV), Windsor, Ontario, Canada, May 31- June 4, 1998, Paper 98-S9-O-03.
119. Manning JE, Happee R. (1998). Validation of the MADYMO Hybrid II and Hybrid III 50th percentile models in vertical impacts. RTO-MP-20
AC/323(HFM)TP/7. Presented at Specialists’ Meeting: Models for aircrew safety assessment: uses, limitations and requirements. Ohio USA, October 2628, 1998.
120. Seelen HAM, Potten YJM, Willems MMM, Happee R. (1998). Modelling compensatory postural muscle use in seated thoracic spinal cord injured subjects.
Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry 106(B).
121. van der Horst MJ, Thunnissen JGM, Happee R, van Haaster RMHP. (1997). The influence of muscle activity on head-neck response during impact.
STAPP Car Crash Conference 1997. SAE 973346: 21p.
122. Fountain M, Happee R, Wismans J, Lupker H, Koppens W. (1996). Hybrid modelling of crash dummies for numerical simulation. International Conference
on the Biomechanics of impact (IRCOBI), 1996.
123. Wismans J, Happee R, Thunnissen J, Lupker HA. (1995). Modelling the lower extremities using multi-body techniques. International conference on pelvic
and lower extremity injuries (PLEI). Washington DC Dec 4-6, 1995: 7p.
124. Beusenberg MC, Happee R, Twisk D, Platten G, Penhallurick T. (1994). Development and design of a new 18-month old child dummy. International
Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV), 1994: 233-244.
125. Happee R, Thunnissen JGM. (1994). The role of muscular dynamics in impact conditions, simulation of head/neck behaviour in frontal car crashes. Second
World Congress of Biomechanics, Amsterdam 1994.
126. Thunnissen JGM, Happee R, Eummelen P, Beusenberg MC. (1994). Scaling of adult to child responses applied to the thorax. International Conference on
the Biomechanics of impact (IRCOBI) September 21-23, 1994: 229-243.
127. Beusenberg MC, Happee R, Twisk D, Janssen EG. (1993). Status of injury biomechanics for the development of child dummies. Joint
AAAM/STAPP/IRCOBI Child Occupant Protection Symposium, San Antonio November 7-8, 1993, 23p.
128. Beusenberg MC, Happee R. (1993). An experimental evaluation of crash helmet design and effectiveness in standard impact tests. International
Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact (IRCOBI) 1993.
129. Happee R. (1992). Adaptation to unexpected variations of an inertial load in goal directed movements. 5th IFAC/IFIP/IFORS/IEA Symposium on Analysis,
Design and Evaluation of Man-Machine Systems; The Hague the Netherlands; June 9–11, 1992; Code 18780 IFAC Symposia Series Issue 5, 1993: 133138.
130. Happee R. (1991). The control of muscles in the human shoulder and elbow in goal directed movements. 1991 Benelux meeting on systems and control,
Blankenberge, March 20-22, 1991.
131. Happee R. Daanen HAM. (1991). Activation patterns of shoulder muscles in goal directed movements. In: Anderson P.A., Hobart D.J & Danoff J.V. (eds).
Proceedings of the 8th Congress of the International Society of Electrophysiological Kinesiology, August 12-16, 1990, Baltimore USA, Elsevier International
Congress Series-949: 179-182, ISBN 0 444 81202 4.
132. Happee R. (1990). Time Optimality in the Control of Human Movements. Benelux meeting on systems and control, Eindhoven, March 14-16, 1990,
abstract.
133. Happee R. (1990). The Role of Shoulder Muscles in Hand Positioning. North Sea Conference on Biomedical Engineering (NSC-BME-90). 8p.
134. Happee R. (1989). Gauss Newton, an iterative parameter estimation algorithm, used to evaluate data of human movements. Benelux meeting on systems
and control, Brussels, March 8-10, 1989, abstract.
135. Happee R. (1988). Modelling human control behavior in step tracking tasks. European Annual Conference on Human Decision Making and Manual
Control, Paris 1988, abstract.
Page 4 of 5
R. Happee
PhD Theses & Book Chapters
136. Heads Up - Sensorimotor Control of the Head Neck System (2014). PhD Thesis, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands. Promotor prof dr.
FCT van der Helm, Copromotores dr. Ir. R. Happee., dr. Ir. AC Schouten.
137. Katzourakis DI. (2012). Driver Steering Support Interfaces Near the Vehicle’s Handling Limits. PhD Thesis, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the
Netherlands. Promotores prof dr. FCT van der Helm, prof dr E Holweg, Copromotor dr. Ir. R. Happee.
138. Happee R, Wismans J. (2008). Impact simulation and Biomechanical Human body models. In Handbook of Digital Human Modelling: Research for applied
ergonomics and human factors. Edited by Vincent G Duffy. Taylor & Francis, ISBN-13-978-0-8058-5646-0.
139. van der Horst MJ. (2002). Human head neck response in frontal, lateral and rear end impact loading: modeling and validation. PhD Thesis. TU/e,
Promotores: prof. dr. ir. JSHM Wismans & prof. dr. H Kingma, Copromotor: dr. ir. R Happee.
140. Wismans J, Janssen EG, Beusenberg M, Koppens WP, Happee R, Bovendeerd PHM. (2000). Injury Biomechanics (4J610). Course Notes w5-pp3-4.3.
Eindhoven University of Technology. Third printing, 2000.
141. Happee R. (1992). The control of shoulder muscles during goal directed movements, PhD Thesis, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands.
Page 5 of 5

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