Cover Page The handle http://hdl.handle.net/1887/29343 holds various files of this Leiden University dissertation. Author: Pooth, Roland Albin Title: Die Diathesen Aktiv vs. Medium und die Verbsemantik im Vedischen der ṚgvedaSaṃhitā Issue Date: 2014-10-23 'LH'LDWKHVHQ$NWLYYV0HGLXP XQGGLH9HUEVHPDQWLNLP9HGLVFKHQ GHU5લ JYHGD6DKLWč 5RODQG$3RRWK 8PVFKODJELOG´JYHGD 4XHOOH,QWHUQHW KWWSVHQFU\SWHGWEQJVWDWLFFRPLPDJHV"T WEQ$1G*F7F9I4K[W%-U9&3-W6NB[;VH$/2M2KYOL7JL-V7VG9UJ C?C;NB?M?HENCPPM'?>COG OH>>C?0?L<M?G;HNCECG0?>CM=B?H >?L´JYHGD6DÈKLW¬ OH>CBL?0ILA?M=BC=BN? *,) -",# . N?LP?LELCDACHAP;H >?AL;;>P;HI=NIL;;H>?/HCP?LMCN?CN&?C>?H IJA?T;AP;H>?,?=NIL';AHC@C=OMJLI@GL$$(-NIFE?L PIFA?HM<?MFOCNP;HB?NIFF?A?PIIL*LIGINC?M N?P?L>?>CA?HIJ>IH>?L>;AIENI<?L EFIEE? OOL >IIL ,IF;H>F<CH*IINB A?<IL?HN?1?M?F;G,B?CHOCNMF;H> CH *LIGINC?=IGGCMMC? *LIGIN?LJLI@>L'&O<INMES/HCP?LMCN?CN&?C>?H IJLIGIN?L>L&#%OFCEIP/HCP?LMCN?CN!?HN )P?LCA?F?>?H >L,FF;H0LCD?/HCP?LMCN?CNGMN?L>;G JLI@>L"!T?FF;/HCP?LMCN?CN&?C>?H JLI@>L ""%ILNF;H>N/HCP?LMCN?CN&?C>?H '?LB?CG?L-F;H>JIINBAGR>? C#HB;FN C#HB;FN C#HB;FN CC<E§LTOHA?H 0?>CM=B?;COH>;H>?L?.?RN?MOCCCC<FCIAL;JBC? <?LM?NTOHA?HP?>CM=B?L.?RN?MOCCCC<FCIAL;JBC? -JL;=B?H &CHAOCMNCM=B?%IHT?JN?OH>AL;GG;NCE;FCM=B?!FIMM?H -IHMNCA?<E§LTOHA?H *LI<F?GOH> L;A?MN?FFOHA CHF?CNOHA L;A?MN?FFOHA# CH@§BLOHACH>C??ALC@@? 4OG?ALC@@'?>COG CIHSMCIM.BL;ROMQ C?.BL;RºM=B?LMN>?@CHCNCIH 1;LOGEJzGRPSB<?C.BL;RNFT²UIK¹'?>COGºCMN REOLM;M/LG?>COGOH>>?L¼!LI?C;NB?M?HQ?=BM?F½ C??@CHCNCIHPIH*îޣCHC PBL C?HC=BNL?@F?RCP?E;OM;NCP?G?>C;F?&?M;LN !?A?H?CH?¼MO<D?EN;@@CTC?L?H>?½!?M;GN<?>?ONOHA ¼5(7INILC?HN?>NINB?JLININSJC=;F;A?HN½%OLTIP ¼;MC=½PM¼?LCP?>0IC=?½%F;CG;H ;M'?>COG;FM¼;MC=0IC=?½ ¼;MC=½PM¼?LCP?>0IC=?½>?;ENCP?C;NB?M? L;A?MN?FFOHA##4C?FM?NTOHA ;?@CHCNCIH?H# -?G;HNCM=B?,IFF?HOH>M?G;HNCM=B?%IGJIH?HN?H -?G;HNCM=B?,IFF?HCH@§BLOHA -?G;HNCM=B?%IGJIH?HN?H A?HMOH>A?HNCPCNN 0?LOLM;=B?L%;OM;NCPCNNOH>&;<CFCNN ?LJLININSJCM=B?A?HM .L;HMCNCPCNN -SHN;ENCM=B?.L;HMCNCPCNN -SHN;ENCM=B?.L;HMCNCPCNN -?G;HNCM=B?.L;HMCNCPCNN .L;HMCNCPCNN?@CHCNCIH?H C;NB?M? <?@CHCNCIH?H## 1;MA?H;OMCH>@L§BP?>CM=B?0?L<?H 4OG0?LBFNHCMPIH&?R?GOH>-N;GG<CF>OHA 4OG?ALC@@¼MO<F?RCE;FCM=B½ REOLM.?GJF;NCM=B?>?L;>CE;F?'ILJBIFIAC? (;=BNL;A4OG0?LBFNHCMPIH&?R?GOH>%IHMNLOENCIH 4OLBLIHIFIAC?>?LP?>.?RN? C?C;NB?M?HENCPPM'?>COGOH>>C?0?L<M?G;HNCECG0?>CM=B?H>?L´JYHGD6DÈKLW¬ C?AL;GG;NCE;FCM=B?-?G;HNCE>?M'?>COGMCG,0 CHF?CNOHA C?&?M;LN?H>?M'?>COGMCG,0<?L<FC=E ';HA?FH>?I>?LQ?HCA?L#H>CPC>OC?LOHA C?L?@F?RCPL?TCJLIE?H&?M;LN?H CL?ENL?@F?RCP&?M;LNƚ CL?ENL?TCJLIE&?M;LNƛ #H>CL?ENL?@F?RCPL?TCJLIE?&?M;LN?H ONI<?H?@;ENCP&?M;LNƜ ONI<?H?@;ENCPOH>L?TCJLIE ,?T?JNCPL?@F?RCP;ONI>CL?ENCIH;FL?T?JNCP&?M;LN?HƝ *IMM?MMCPL?@F?RCP&?M;LNƞ *IMM?MMCPL?@F?RCP<?C%¡LJ?LN?CF?H&?M;LNƞ #H>CL?ENL?@F?RCPL?TCJLIE?&?M;LN?HGCN0?L;HF;MM?L ONI<?H?@;ENCPGCN0?L;HF;MM?L&?M;LNƟ *LM#'?>\MDWH *LM#EN\MDWL *IMM?MMCPL?@F?RCPGCN0?L;HF;MM?L&?M;LNƠ ,?@F?RCPGCN0?L;HF;MM?L¼L?@F?RCPE;OM;NCP½ơ -ITC;NCPEIFF?ENCP&?M;LNƢ'?>GCN&*VP *LM#\DWH VPSLEDWHOMQ VPJDQPDKLOMQ VPDYLÃDQWDOMQ ';HA?FH>?I>?LQ?HCA?LA?HNCPCNN /HCHN?HNCIH;F?I>?L;ETC>?HNC?FF&?M;LNƣ LM=BFC?<;L?MSUGDWH 0?>SG\D ¼/H@ILNOH;NCP½I>?L¼@LOMNL;NCP½&?M;LNƤ #H;A?HNCP;HNCE;OM;NCPJLI>OENCP&?M;LNƥ *;NC?HNCP&?M;LNƦ #GJ?LMIH;F&?M;LNƧ #H>CL?ENE;OM;NCP¼@;ENCNCP½&?M;LNƨMC?B?%;JCN?F ';HA?FH>?I>?LQ?HCA?L4OMN;H>MP?LH>?LOHA ¼*MS=B0?L<?H½?Q?AOHAMP?L<?HOH>>;M'?>COG '?>C;M?HNC?H>C=IACN;H>C?RJ?LC?H>C¶ ¼(?I1OLT?F½NDPL PDQ'. '?>C;>C=?H>COH>;HNCE;OM;NCP?'?>C;GIP?H>C '?>C;C=?H>C&?M;LNƩ '?>C;'IP?H>C&?M;LNƫ ';HA?FH>?I>?LQ?HCA?L¼@@?=N?>H?MMI@)½&?M;LNƬ MK¯WHTOK¬PMMK¬WL?CH?EIHNL;MNCP?-NO>C? ENCP@ILG?HCHF?CNOHA *LMENMK¬WL ILEN *?L@EN '?>C;F@ILG?HCHF?CNOHA *LM'?>MK¯WH C#HB;FN *LM'?>K¯\DWH IL'?> ';HA?FH>?¼@@?=N?>H?MMI@)½;G?CMJC?FKDQ ';HA?FH>?¼@@?=N?>H?MMI@)½;G?CMJC?FÃDS G?CMJC?FS¬ ';HA?FH>?I>?LQ?HCA?LSH;GCE.?FCTCNN*OHENO;FCNN -N;NCP&?M;LNƭ N?FCTCNNOH>>;M'?>&?M;LNƮ #HN?LGCH;NCPCNN#GJ?L@?ENCPCNNOH>>;M'?>&?M;LNƯ -=BFOMM@IFA?LOHA '?>C;F?&?M;LN?H>C?CG,0JLI>OENCPMCH> 1?HCA?LJLI>OENCP?G?>C;F?&?M;LN?H ,?MNB;@N?G?>C;F?&?M;LN?H JJ?H>CR%IHM?KO?HT?H@§L>C?,?EIHMNLOENCIH JJ?H>CRC?!L;GG;NCE;FCMC?LOHA>?L*;MMCPEIHMNLOENCIH &;<CF?PMHC=BNF;<CF?ENCPOH>'?>C;F@ILG?H &;<CF?;NB?G;NCM=B?'?>C;F@ILG?H 0?>MQLŽD 0?>VPUDQWDOVDPDU¬Á &;<CF?ENCPOH>'?>C;F@ILG?HWDQLaW¬ &;<CF?ENCP@ILG?H *LMWDQWLGCNYDY 1TILOH>ILW¬Q .B?GIL5g=;OM7 *?L@#H>PAF%§GG?F *?L@%IHDPAF%§GG?F &;<CF?OH>HC=BNF;<CF?'?>C;F@ILG?H *LMW¬\WHHC=BNF;<CFJ;MMCPCM=B *LMWDQXWH IL *?L@#H> *?L@%IHD &;<CF?;NB?G;NCM=B?ENCP@ILG?HVVDUWL C?ENCP@ILG?H *LM###VVDUWLTO¼V³½ *LM###VVDUWLTO¼V³½SUE¬KY¬VVDUWL ?LMCAG;NCM=B?ILCMN0 ?LNB?GILVUDWCGG?L;HNCE;OM;NCPCGG?LEN *?L@?EN@ILG?HTO¼V³½ C?'?>C;F@ILG?H>?M*LM### *LM###VLVUDWHTO¼V³½ *LM###VLVUDWHTO¼V³½ '?>C;F@ILG?HTO;H>?L?H0?L<;FMNGG?H *LM#0SUDVUL\DWH%- SUDV¬U\DQWH$ *LM2DTO¼V³½ *LM2¬SUV¬UD\DQWDPAFSUVLVUDWHTO¼V³½ ?L¼*;MMCP;ILCMN½SUV¬ULń *?L@VDVUHTO¼V³½ ;M#HN?HMCPJLM?HM #H@SUVDUWDYH C?C;NB?M?HENCPPM'?>COGOH>>C?0?L<M?G;HNCECG0?>CM=B?H>?L´JYHGD6DÈKLW¬ -=BFOMM@IFA?LOHA %;OM;NCP?;NB?G;NCM=B?ENCP@ILG?HSXQWL ENCP@ILG?H *LMSXQWLCGG?LE;OM;NCP LÅILHOLR ,?>;NB?GILM?FN?HHOLR C?'?>C;F@ILG?H *LMSYDWHPAFOLLIQ *LMSXQ¯WdSXQ¬Q5g=;OM7 *LMS±\WH CGG?LJ;MMCPCM=B ILLÅILCMNR<?F?AN C?C;NB?M?HIJJIMCNCIH.SJ#SXQWLSXQ¬QSXQ¯Wd &;<CF?M;NB?GENO'?>TO?Q?AOHAMP?L<?H᱈ *LM###EN\DUWLaL\UWL *LM###'?>UWH C?C;NB?M?HIJJIMCNCIH.SJ## &;<CF?ENCPOH>'?>C;F@ILG?H>?M*LM#QPD QPDWLWH 0?>F\YDWLWH JJ?H>CR-JL;=BP?LAF?C=BTOP?>F\YDWH 4OM;GG?H@;MMOHAOH>-=BF§MM? &?RCE;FCM=B?-?G;HNCEOH>C;NB?M?CG,0 ?BF?H>?F?RCE;FCM=B?C;NB?M? G?CMJC?FMXÅaMRÅ ?F?A?%IHMNLOENCIHPM'CHCG;FJ;;L? ?F?A?%IHMNLOENCIHGCN!?HCNCP ?F?A?%IHMNLOENCIHOH> ?F?A?%IHMNLOENCIH %IHMNLOENCIH?H!"$CGNB;LP;P?>; *LI>OENCP?OH>Q?HCA?LJLI>OENCP?%IHMNLOENCIH?H ?BF?H>?F?RCE;FCM=B?C;NB?M?;G?CMJC?FMXÅ G?CMJC?FDMaDM *LM0##ENDQNWL *LM%IHDEN *?L@EN *LM'?> *LMDM\WH *?L@ ?BF?H>?F?RCE;FCM=B?C;NB?M? ¼-O<F?RCE;FCM=B?½C;NB?M? 0ILB;H>?H?F?RCE;FCM=B?C;NB?M? 1?CN?L?0?L<EF;MM?HBCHMC=BNFC=B5=;OM7 -=BFOMM@IFA?LOHA?H 4OL0ILA?M=BC=BN?>?L¼MO<F?RCE;FCM=B?HC;NB?M?½ 0IH-.#TO&2# JJ?H>CR%IHM?KO?HT?H@§L>C?,?EIHMNLOENCIH JJ?H>CR ?BF?H>?().0;F?HTCG,0 CHF?CNOHA (C=BNHINQ?H>CA?%IGJF?G?HNC?LOHACG,0 L§BP?>CM=BCMN?CH?*LILIJ-JL;=B? 4OG?CMJC?FJOHHNC¹MC?L?CHCA?HCBHMC??MD?NQº 1?CN?L??CMJC?F? OMF;MM<;LE?CNPIH*?LMIH;FJLIHIGCH; C#HB;FN PC>?HT>OL=BI,?F;NCPMNT?CG,0 ;M@L§B?0?>CM=B?CMN?CH?¼=IIFF;HAO;A?½ (C=BNHINQ?H>CA?#HEIGJF?G?HNC?LOHACG,0 C?%IHMNLOENCIHGCNEE>?M4C?FM C?&;<CFCNN>?L%IHMNLOENCIHGCNEE C?%IHMNLOENCIHGCN&*OH>EE;G?CMJC?FJL;MNC HNCE;OM;NCP?GCNEE ¼*;MMCP?½GCNEE -=BFOMMCG-CHH?PIH!;?>?=E? -=BFOMM@IFA?LOHA0?L<EF;MMC@CTC?LOHABCHMC=BNFC=B(). ¼EN;HN?H½OH>¼0;F?HTH>?LOHA½CG,0 CHF?CNOHA ¼EN;HN?H½<TQ¼LAOG?HN?½CG,0 ¼0;F?HTH>?LOHA½CG,0 -=BFOMMA?>;HE?HTO0;F?HTCG,0 4Q?C.SJ?H@L§BP?>CM=B?LC;NB?M?HIJJIMCNCIH?H ?L*LM?HMMN;GGM>?L###*LM?HMEF;MM?\DUU C?ENCP@ILG?H\DUWLL\UWL C?'?>C;F@ILG?HUWH C?ENCP@ILG?H>?M*LM0#CG,0OH>0 ³FKWL C?-SHN;RPIH³FKWL -=BFOMM ?L*LM?HMMN;GG>?L0*LM?HMEF;MM? C?ENCP@ILG?HPIH³ C?ENCP@ILG?HPIH³I>?L³ C?ENCP@ILG?HPIH³ C?'?>C;F@ILG?H³ÁXWdX³ÁYH ?L*LM?HMMN;GG>?L2*LM?HMEF;MM? ENDUS\DWL EN¯U\DWL C?&;<CFCNN>?L'?>C;F@ILG?H -=BFOMM ?L1OLT?FILOH>>?LNB?GIL C?ENCP@ILG?H>?MNB?GILTO³ C?'?>C;F@ILG?H>?M1TILI>?LNB?GILTO³ 1TILI>?LNB?GILGCNVPTO³OH>³ C?ENCP@ILG?H>?MNB?GILTO³ C?'?>C;F@ILG?H>?M1TILGCNQTO³ ?LL?>OJFNB?GIL ?LL?>OJFNB?GILTO³GCN G ?LL?>OJFNB?GILTO³I>?LTO³ C?ENCP@ILG?H>?M*?L@?ENMN;GG -=BFOMM@IFA?LOHA?H 4OG@L§BP?>0?L<³ 4OG@L§BP?>0?L<³ -=BFOMM JJ?H>CR4O>?HOLC>A0?L<?H 4OM;GG?H@;MMOHA C?;FN?L?L<N?)JJIMCNCIH<?CB0L C?D§HA?L?C;NB?M?HIJJIMCNCIH JJ?H>CRC?J;L;FF?F?HNQC=EFOHACGFNALC?=BCM=B?H (;=BNL;AYUGKDWLȳYDUGK\DWL5=;OM7 C?C;NB?M?HENCPPM'?>COGOH>>C?0?L<M?G;HNCECG0?>CM=B?H>?L´JYHGD6DÈKLW¬ *;L;>CAG;NCM=B?MSGG?NLC?HOH>¼'?>C;FMNGG?½ G?CMJC?FP?>MXÅ ?F?A?CG59 59.K ?F?A?CG$9Ä 0* CHT?FH? ILG?HMRÅDVDL MXÅP¬ÁDaMXŬQ MXŬÁOMQ MXÅWH0ȳMXÅDWL'<B ¼/LG?>COG½ȳM MRÅDWL MXÅWMXÅDW,0MCH>'?>C;F@ILG?H MXÅQWD 4OLH>OHAQWD %ILL?MJIH>C?L?H>?J;L;>CAG;NCM=B?MSGG?NLC?H C?>?JIH?HNC?FF?0ILA?M=BC=BN?PIHMXÅ *;L;>CAG;NCM=B?MSGG?NLC?HBCHMC=BNFC=BC;NB?M? 1;MP?LMN?B?C=BOHN?L?CH?G¼'?>C;FMN;GG½ ?L@L§BP?>'?>C;FMN;GGGDW ?L@L§BP?>'?>C;FMN;GGNK\W ENCP@ILG?H EN>?MNB?GILNK\;;PîRMĹ¹M=B;OBCHº IL#GJENFDNÅL ;M*?L@?ENIJLM?HM*F#H>FDNÅXU C?ENCP@ILG?H>?M*?L@ *LM#HNF¬NDïPLDF¬NDÃDP 0?>FDNÅ\DWL C?'?>C;F@ILG?H C?'?>C;F@ILG>?MNB?GIL ;M*LM###FŽH *LM%IHD 4OL-JL;=BQCLEFC=BE?CN>?M*LMFNÅDWDL ?L@L§BP?>'?>C;FMN;GGP¯P³ÅD ?L<<;O>?M'?>COGMCG,0 REOLM'?BLTOGC;NB?M?HQ?=BM?F C?R/LG?>C;F?H>OHA?HWDPWKDVW¬P C?OLC>A/LG?>C;F?H>OHAIHNXIHNI L§BP?>*F#HD'?>DQWDMN;NNENDQ C? IFA?H>?M¼!LI?HC;NB?M?HQ?=BM?FM½ ?L%IHDOHENCPMN;GG;FM'?>C;FMN;GG FF?PIHJ;L;>CAG;NCM=B?HMSGG?NLC?H<TAFC;NB?M? G?CMJC?FYDSDG¬WL 4OM;GG?H@;MMOHAOH>-=BFOMM@IFA?LOHA JJ?H>CR CH?.SJC@CTC?LOHA>?LC;NB?M?HIJJIMCNCIH?H /L;ENCPPM/LG?>COG;FN?L?L<N?)JJIMCNCIH .SJ#;SXQWLSXQ¬QSXQ¯Wd .SJ#<DQNWLD»NWd .SJ##;\DUWLPMUWH.SJ##<VVDUWLYVVV³WH .SJ###MK¬WLPMMK¯WHD§HA?L? ?MNF?AOHA #0/LG?>COGN;HNOG;FN?L?L<N?@?BF?H>?)JJIMCNCIH (?I;ENCPPM(?IG?>COGD§HA?L?)JJIMCNCIH .SJ#YDYUWDYVY¬Y³Wd C#HB;FN .SJ##¯U\DWLYV¯U\DWH .SJ###MDMQDYVMDMd .SJ#0YLQGDWLYLQGDWHYLG\WH .SJ0(?I;ENCPNSJNK\DWPMNK\DWDM?FN?HØ ENCPI>?L'?>COGN;HNOGD§HA?L?@?BF?H>?)JJIMCNCIH ENCPN;HNOG .SJ#;DVWL .SJ##;(?I;ENCPN;HNOGYDWL GDUDW '?>COGN;HNOGD§HA?L?@?BF?H>?)JJIMCNCIH .SJ#<VWH .SJ##<MJKQDWH ;M¼H?O?½JLI>OENCP?PM;FN?'?>COG CCCC<FCIAL;JBC? ;*LCGLN?RN?AA@GCN<?LM?NTOHA <0?LQ?H>?N?<?LM?NTOHA?HGCN%IGG?HN;LIBH?*LCGLN?RN =0?LQ?H>?N?1¡LN?L<§=B?L%IHEIL>;HT?H!L;GG;NCE?H >-?EOH>LFCN?L;NOL;<A?E§LTNTCNC?LN ?-?EOH>LFCN?L;NOLONILOH>LM=B?CHOHAMD;BL CP0?LT?C=BHCM>?L§<?LM?NTN?H4CN;N?#H>?RFI=ILOG -;G?HP;NNCHA OLLC=OFOG0CN;? CC<E§LTOHA?H CC<E§LTOHA?H 0?>CM=B?;COH>;H>?L?.?RN?MOCCCC<FCIAL;JBC? §L %§LT?F P?>CM=B?L OH> ;FNCH>CM=B?L .?RN? <TQ .?RN;OMA;<?H M >;M ;OM @§BLFC=B? 0?LT?C=BHCM >?L ;FNCH>CM=B?H .?RN;OMA;<?H PIH !INĹ @ OH> @@ PAF 1?L<; @@ %§GG?F ;) ;O?L>?G %OFCEIP M #&#)!,*"3 .2.- C? >ILN ;O@A?@§BLN?H .?RNMCAF?H OH> <E§L TOHA?HQ?L>?HBC?L§<?LHIGG?H §L;FF?MQ?CN?L?MOCCCC<FCIAL;JBC? L6DÈKLW¬V ,0 ´JYHGD6DÈKLW¬5M ,CA0?>;¸G?NLC=;FFSL?MNIL?>N?RNQCNB;H CHNLI>O=NCIH;H>HIN?M><S;L?H>P;H(IIN?H;H>!;LS "IFF;H>;G<LC>A?';MM";LP;L>/HCP?LMCNS*L?MM ";LP;L>)LC?HN;F-?LC?M 7 ,0%B ´JYHGD.KLO¬QL 0 $WKDUYDYHGD6DÈKLW¬ 0**- $WKDUYDYHGD3DLSSDO¬GD6DÈKLW¬ 0ń $WKDUYDYHGDÄDXQDND6DÈKLW¬ -0-0% -0$$- 303- 0- 0-' 0-% .- %- %J- '- 6¬PDYHGD%;ONBOG;,?T?HMCIH 6¬PDYHGD-DLPLQ¯\D6DÈKLW¬ <DMXUYHGD0-ÄXNOD.-%-%J-'-.³ÅÁD ÄXNOD\DMXUYHG¯\D9¬MDVDQH\L6DÈKLW¬ 0->?L0¬GK\DQGLQDĬNK¬ 96GHU.¬ÁYDĬNK¬ .³ÅÁD\DMXUYHG¯\D7DLWWLU¯\D6DÈKLW¬ .³ÅÁD\DMXUYHG¯\D.¬½KDND6DÈKLW¬ .³ÅÁD\DMXUYHG¯\D.DSLŽKDOD.D½KD6DÈKLW¬ .³ÅÁD\DMXUYHG¯\D0DLWU¬\DÁ¯6DÈKLW¬ CC4OA?B¡LCA?%§LT?F 57G 57J *J 6¬\ CH';HNL;MA?G'?NLOG CH*LIM; ĬNDO\DºM3DGDS¬½KDĬNDO\DºM-;H>BCO@F¡MOHA1ILNNL?HHOHA 6¬\DÁ¬F¬U\DºM%IGG?HN;L CCC%U¬KPDÁDV M Q?L>?H HOL >C? BC?L TCNC?LN?H %U¬KPDÁDV ;HA?A?<?H @§L ;FF? %§LT?F % *$ÆD¿Y.ńń%!IJOH>>C?D?Q?CFCA?H.?RN;OMA;<?HM!INĹ OH>%OFCEIP M#&#)!,*"3.2.- L $ . ń ń' ń% %U¬KPDÁDV 6¬PDYHG¯\D-DLPLQ¯\D%U¬KPDÁD .³ÅÁD\DMXUYHG¯\D7DLWWLU¯\D%U¬KPDÁD ÄXNOD\DMXUYHG¯\DÄDWDSDWKD%U¬KPDÁD ń>?L0¬GK\DQGLQDĬNK¬ ń%GHU.¬ÁYDĬNK¬ C?C;NB?M?HENCPPM'?>COGOH>>C?0?L<M?G;HNCECG0?>CM=B?H>?L´JYHGD6DÈKLW¬ CP-IHMNCA?P?>OH>;C.?RN?M!INĹ@ ńí ´JYHG¯\DĬ»NK¬\DQD®UDÁ\DND B* 'K¬WXS¬½KDMOCCCC<FCIAL;JBC?M¡BNFCHAE 0DK¬EK¬UDWD 'B P-IHMNCA?HC=BN;C.?RN?<TQ.?RN;OMA;<?H 4CNC?LN QCL> H;=B >?H D?Q?CFCA?H JBCFIFIACM=B?H %IHP?HNCIH?H PAF "I@@G;HH Þ ILMG;HH @@P%?HNJGG?LC=EEBIN%BIN &-$ RPC@@FNAL";QECHM "FOQTO>?HB?NBCNIFIACM=B?H%IHP?HNCIH?HPAFT "I@@H?LÞ'?F=B?LN @<?M<M=BH OMQ #F %I %/ ( )> 0 3 3N "IG?LC#FC;M %?CFM=BLC@NN?RN?;OMIAB;TE¡C %?CFM=BLC@NOLEOH>?H;OMIAB;TE¡C (CLîHACMNîHD;P "IG?LC)>SMM?; 0C>ĀP>î>D;P 3;MH;;;PD;P 3;ŋND;P 1?CN?L?.?RNMCAF?HQ?L>?HCG.?RNP?LF;O@?LEFLN <?LM?NTOHA?HP?>CM=B?L.?RN?MOCCCC<FCIAL;JBC? !?F>H?L ,0 ?L ,CA0?>; OM >?G -;HMELCN CHM ?ONM=B? §<?LM?NTN OH> GCN ?CH?G F;O@?H>?H %IGG?HN;L P?LM?B?H PIH %;LF LC?>LC=B !?F>H?L ;G<LC>A?';MM";LP;L>/HCP?LMCNS*L?MM(;=B>LO=E5CH?CH?G;H>7 5";LP;L>)LC?HN;F-?LC?M7 !L;MMG;HH ,0 "?LG;HH !L;MMG;HH ,CA0?>; <?LM?NTN OH> GCN ELC NCM=B?H OH> ?LFON?LH>?H HG?LEOHA?H P?LM?B?H .B?CF? &?CJTCA 1BCNH?S 0 1CFFC;G 1BCNH?S Þ B;LF?M , &;HG;H NB;LP;0?>; -;ޝBCNî0IF;G<LC>A?';MM §L Q?CN?L? <?LM?NTOHA?H P?>CM=B?L OH> ;C .?RN? <C<FCIAL;JBCM=B? < E§LTOHA?HOMQMOCCCC<FCIAL;JBC? -JL;=B?H (C=BN ;O@A?@§BLN Q?L>?H <E§LTOHA?H PIH -JL;=B?H QC? T P?> I>?L ?HAFQIF?>CAFC=B>;M-O@@CRCM=BQ?AA?F;MM?HCMN ;;LG;LG ;;P ;AL;FNAL ;B> ;C ;CL ;EBIN ;EM ;FN;LG?HCM=BEF;MMCM=B;LG?HCM=B ;FN;P?MNCM=BA;NB;;P?MNCM=BA;NBCM=B ;FNALC?=BCM=B ;FNBI=B>?ONM=B ;FNCH>CM=B ;FNCLCM=B ;FNEBIN;HM;ECM=B ;FNECL=B?HMF;QCM=B CC<E§LTOHA?H ;H ;J ;NN;NNAL ;P >N @LT AL B?NB BFOQ BIG CN D;P E;N EBIN NONODVVVNU F;N FOQ H@LT HB> J;F LOG MJNOLC>A NI=B OLA?LG OLC>A OLCCL PF;N ;FNHIL>CM=B<TQ;FNCMFH>CM=B ;FNJ?LMCM=B ;NNCM=B;FNALC?=BCM=B ;P?MNCM=B >?ONM=BH?OBI=B>?ONM=B @L;HT¡MCM=B ;FNALC?=BCM=B B?NBCNCM=B BC?LIAFSJB?HFOQCM=B BIG?LCM=B;FNALC?=BCM=B CN;FC?HCM=B DOHA;P?MNCM=B E;N;F;HCM=B EBIN;HM;ECM=B NODVVLVFKHV6DQVNULW F;N?CHCM=B&;N?CH FOQCM=B @L;HT¡MC=BH?O@L;HT¡MCM=B >?ONM=BH?OBI=B>?ONM=B J;F;CM=B LOGHCM=B MJNOLCH>IA?LG;HCM=BL?EIHMNLOC?LN NI=B;LCM=B OLA?LG;HCM=BL?EIHMNLOC?LN OLCH>IA?LG;HCM=BL?EIHMNLOC?LN OLCH>ICL;HCM=BL?EIHMNLOC?LN ¼POFALF;N?CHCM=B½ &CHAOCMNCM=B?%IHT?JN?OH>AL;GG;NCE;FCM=B?!FIMM?H -IQ?CN?MA?BNQ?L>?H>C?B?ONTON;A?§<FC=B?H;FFA?G?CHFCHAOCMNCM=B?H? ALC@@? OH> <E§LTOHA?HP?LQ?H>?N §L ;FF?M Q?CN?L? OH> G?CH? ?@CHCNCIH?H MO%;JCN?F;< EE <F <! >P A ;AN EE)<D EN FF ;H IL -3'# . ;NB?G = EEOM;NCP <F;NCP <F;NCPI>?L!?HCNCP >P?L< A?HM ;A?HNCP;A?HNCP?C;NB?M? EEOM;NCP)<D?EN ENCP FF;NCP;NCP ;HCGC?LN!?HOM;HCG;NOG ILCMNILCMNMN;GG J;L;>CAG;NCM=B?MSGG?NLC?BCHMC=BNFC=BC;NB?M? ENCPN;HNOG ;NB?G;NCM=BIBH?-N;GGMO@@CRMJNOLC>AI?P?>¬D %IHMIH;HN !?HOM=IGGOH? ?HAF=IGGIH;LAOG?HN C?C;NB?M?HENCPPM'?>COGOH>>C?0?L<M?G;HNCECG0?>CM=B?H>?L´JYHGD6DÈKLW¬ ?HAF;OM??M%;JCN?F;&CMN? , 0?LOLM;=B?L?HAF;OM?LM%;JCN?F;&CMN? , 0?LOLM;=B?LA?HMM%;JCN?F; ;N ;NCP ?M ?MC>?L;NCP?MC>?L;NCP*LM?HMMN;GG >CL >CL?ENNL;HMCNCP >CLL?@F >CL?ENL?@F?RCP >CL)<D >CL?EN?M)<D?EN >NL >?NL;HMCNCP>?NL;HMCNCP?C;NB?M? O O;F LAHTOHA%IGJF?G?HN57OMQ ?HEF ?HEFCNCM=B LA LA;NCP 2,' R,?@F?RCP'?>COG @@?G @?GCHCH ?GCHCHOG ON ONOL ONOLMN;GG !!?H !?HCNCP !,'# AL;GG;NCE;FCM=B?C;NB?M?M%;JCN?F; "- ";OJNM;NT #GJ #GJ?L;NCP CH CH;HCGC?LN #HD #HDOHENCPPAF"I@@G;HH*IINB ; #H> #H>CE;NCP CH>)<D CH>CL?EN?M)<D?EN;NCP)<D?EN #HM#HMNL #HMNLOG?HN;F #HN #HN?HMCP#HN?HMCP*LM?HMMN;GGTOGP?>#HNPAF"??H?H CHP CHP?LMNL;HMCNCP #J@#J@N #GJ?L@?EN*LM*LNCGJ?L@?ENCP?M*LN CJ@P CGJ?L@?ENCP #., CHNL;HMCNCP?;MCMEIHMNLOENCIH CNG CHN?LGCH;NCP>OL;NCP #P #H>CE;NCP#HDOHENCP#GJ?L;NCP-N;GG %IFF %IFF?ENCPJFOL;FI>?L-ITC;NCPJFOL;F¹A?G?CHM;GTOM;GG?Hº EIFFMIT EIFF?ENCPMITC;NCP %IHD %IHDOHENCP%IHDOHENCPMN;GG %IHMNL MSHN;ENCM=B?%IHMNLOENCIH-SHN;AG; &&IE &IE;NCP &2# F?RCE;FCM=B?C;NB?M?M%;JCN?F; &* &IE;FJ;LNCE?F GG;ME G;MEOFCH';MEOFCHOG '?> '?>COG '. '?>COGN;HNOG ((IG (IGCH;NCP HHNL H?ONL;F!?HOMH?ONLOG (#, HC=BN>CL?ENCIH;F¼EIHP?LMF;<CF½ )<D )<D?EN )JN )JN;NCP *;LN*NTJ*N *;LNCTCJ0?L<;F;>D?ENCP **;N *;NC?HM *?L@*@ *?L@?EN*?L@?ENMN;GGPAFTOGP?>*?L@PAF%§GG?F *F *FOL;F CC<E§LTOHA?H *FOMKJ@ *( ** *** *KJ@*FOMKJ@ *LM*LM *LM# *LM## *LM### *LN JLIAJLIAL *NE L?>L?>OJF ,?@ L?@F ,% ,- M?G -A MCAG MIT -N -O<D NB?G .)*.IJ ., 2D 2¬ 22( 0 0 0IE 1T *FOMKO;GJ?L@?EN *?LMIH?HH;G?HIG?HJLIJLCOG J?L@?ENCP?M*;LNCTCJ J;LNC=CJCOGJ?L@?=NOGJ;MMCPOG *FOMKO;GJ?L@?EN *LM?HM*LM?HMMN;GG#GJ?L@?ENCPMN;GG *LM?HM>?L;FNCH>CM=B?H#*LM?HMEF;MM? >?L##*LM?HMEF;MM? >?L###*LM?HMEF;MM?*LM?HMEF;MM? *LN?LCNOG0?LA;HA?HB?CN JLIAL?MMCP *;LNCE?F L?>OJFCTC?LN ,?@?L?HNHC=BNNIJCE;F?L,?@?L?HN L?@F?RCP ,IFF?H%;MOMCH>OHAPAF*LCGOM ¼,IFF?HTOQ?CMOHA½ ,?F;NCPM;NT M?G?F@;ENCPMCHAOF;NCPCGP?L<;F;MJ?ENO?FF?H-CHH -CHAOF;L MCAG;NCM=B MITC;NCPEIFF?ENCP -N;GG -O<D?EN NB?G;NCM=BGCN-N;GGMO@@CRMJNOLC>AI?P?>¬D .IJCENIJCE;F?L,?@?L?HN NL;HMCNCP?;MCMEIHMNLOENCIH 2*LM?HMEF;MM?GCN!OÁ;<F;ONMNO@?>?L1OLT?F 2*LM?HMEF;MM?GCN0³>>BC<F;ONMNO@?>?L1OLT?F 2*LM?HMEF;MM?PIG.SJN³S\DQ?>?LGCN!OÁ;HI=B0³>>BC 0IE;F 0?LOLM;=B?LA?HM 0IE;NCP 1OLT?F1OLT?FGILJB?G -IHMNCA?<E§LTOHA?H (C=BN ;O@A?F¡MN Q?L>?H >C? §<FC=B?H >?ONM=B?H <E§LTOHA?H T OMQ MC?B? >;@§L O>?H C?>?ONM=B?,?=BNM=BL?C<OHA P¡FFCA H?O <?;L<?CN?N? OH> ?LQ?CN?LN? O@F;A? "A PIH >?L O>?HL?>;ENCIH ';HHB?CG &?CJTCA 1C?H4§LC=B ;;) <M=BH HG ;) <;Q >>? <?M MJMJJ <TAF<?T§AF ;G;HA?A?<?H?H)LN <M=BHCNN*;L;AL;JB HG?LEOHA?H ;G)LN;G;HA?A?<?H?HI>?L?HNMJL?=B?H>?H)LN <CM;O@Q?CN?L?M ;H>H>? <?MIH>?LM ?CMJC?F?CMJC?F? <?T§AFC=B C?C;NB?M?HENCPPM'?>COGOH>>C?0?L<M?G;HNCECG0?>CM=B?H>?L´JYHGD6DÈKLW¬ >?LD >C ?<> ?> ?J ?NQ ?NSGNSG BA"A C<C> C? CLL DD> D>GDG D?Q %;J EFEF;MM F= &CN ( ( II> M M= VR VRJ VX MP MPP O O; OI <<?LM PAF PCT P?FMCG PIFPIFM 1< T-N T-NN T. >?LD?HCA? >;MCMN>?LCMN>C?CMN>C?MCMN>C?M?LCMN>C?M?CMN ?<?H>;;G;HA?A?<?H?H)LN ?>CN?>?>CNIL ?JCM=BEFMEL0DK¬EK¬UDWD5¬P¬\DÁDAL#F)> ?NQ;M ?NSGIFIACM=BNSGIFIAC? B?L;OMA?A?<?H"?L;OMA?<?L C<C>?G C>?MN CLL?AOFL D?G;H>D?G;H>?HD?G;H>?GOMQ D?G;H>?G D?Q?CFMD?Q?CFCA %;JCN?F%;JCN?FH EF;MMCM=B FI=I=CN;NI¹;GTCNC?LN?H)LNº &CN?L;NOL&CN?L;NOL;HA;<?H (CLîHACMNîHD;P HIN;<?H? I>?L MC?B?MO<¹OHN?Lº M=CFC=?N VLHKHREHQ VRJHQDQQWVRJHQDQQW VLHKHXQWHQ MO<P?L<I¹OHN?L>?G1ILNº>?G<?NL?@@?H>?HCHNL;A MO<P?L<CM¹OHN?L>?H1¡LN?LHº>?H<?NL?@@?H>?HCHNLA?H OH> OHN?L;H>?L?G OH>I>?L <?LM?NTOHA P?LAF?C=B? PC>?FC=?N P?FMCGCF?¹I>?LBHFC=Bº PIFOG?PIFOG?M 1¡LN?L<O=B TOL-N?FF?HG?LEOHATOL-N?FF? TO>?HD?Q?CFCA?H-N?FF?H TOG.?CFN?CFQ?CM?
© Copyright 2025 ExpyDoc