Cover Page The handle http://hdl.handle.net/1887/29343 holds various files of this Leiden University dissertation. Author: Pooth, Roland Albin Title: Die Diathesen Aktiv vs. Medium und die Verbsemantik im Vedischen der ṚgvedaSaṃhitā Issue Date: 2014-10-23 JJ?H>CRCH?.SJC@CTC?LOHA>?LC;NB?M?HIJJIMCNCIH JJ?H>CR CH?.SJC@CTC?LOHA>?LC;NB?M?HIJJIMCNCIH?H M @IFAN ?HNMJL?=B?H> >?L I<CA?H ?I<;=BNOHA?H BC?L CG HM=BFOMM HOH ?CH? .SJC@CTC?LOHA >?L C;NB?M?HIJJIMCNCIH?H >C? MC=B H;=B >?G FN?L >?L C;NB?M?HIJJIMCNCIHOH>H;=BCBL?L"?LEOH@NLC=BN?NMQ?L>?HG?BL?L?)J JIMCNCIHMNSJ?H EN PM '?> PILA?MN?FFN ;HB;H> >?L?L >C? HNQC=EFOHA >?L @L§BP?>CM=B?H C;NB?M?HIJJIMCNCIH CHMA?M;GN P?L;HM=B;OFC=BN Q?L>?H E;HH ';H <?;=BN? >;MM BC?LGCN E?CH? !?M;GNEF;MMC@CE;NCIH >?L 0?L<?H A?A?<?H Q?L>?H E;HH >;M Q§L>? OHM?L?H ,;BG?H MJL?HA?H MIH>?LH F?>CAFC=B ?CH? >?L0?L<;FMNGG?MMIFFBC?LGCN;FMI?CH!LOH>A?L§MN@§LQ?CN?L?>C;=BLIH? ILM=BOHA?HA?F?ANQ?L>?HO?L>?GB;H>?FN?MMC=BOG?CH?%F;MMC@CE;NCIH >C? MSH=BLIH? 0?LBFNHCMM? 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TOA?B¡LCA?H '?>C;F@ILG?H DEKSUYY¬Y³WH MCH> HOH F;ON %§GG?F CGG?L ;HNCE;OM;NCP C? ;HNCE;OM;NCP?H '?>C;F@ILG?H GCNDEKSU YCH-0%>OH>$9Ä57>0* >;O=BD?Q?CFMRGCNQX MN?B?HH?<?H;HNCE;OM;NCP?HENCP@ILG?HGCN;H>?L?H&IE;FJ;LNCE?FH;FM DEK SU Y '?>C;F OH> ENCP@ILG?H MCH> >;B?L J;LNC?FF OHN?LM=BC?>FC=B >CM NLC<OC?LN?CMI@OHENCIH;F?FFIGILJB? .SJ#B;NMC=BG;OMTQ?COH;<BHACA?H¼/LG?>C;F@ILG?H½?HNQC=E?FN >C? CG -JNOLC>A J;L;>CAG;NCM=B TOG *?L@ EN PM '?> TOM;GG?HA?MN?FFN QIL>?HMCH> C?C;NB?M?HENCPPM'?>COGOH>>C?0?L<M?G;HNCECG0?>CM=B?H>?L´JYHGD6DÈKLW¬ CAOL O?OLN?C O?OLNC ¼/LG?>COG½ ¼/LG?>COG½ 5g=;OM7 5g=;OM7 g;A?HNCP g;A?HNCP ȴ ȴ Q?L>?H?CHA??HAN;O@ 5g=;OM7 5·=;OM7 ;A?HNCP g;A?HNCP ¼(?I;ENCP½ '?> P?>YDYUWD P?>Y¬Y³WH -JL;=BP?LAF?C=B CH MIF=B?L ?@OH> @CH>?N M?CH?H 1C>?LB;FF CG &;N?CHCM=B?HQI>;M*LM'?> O?LNILGCNA?HM>?L?Q?AOHA¹>L?B?GC=B Q?H>? GC=B E?BL? OGº <?>?ON?NPAF O?LNCNOL =;?FOG ¹?M >L?BN MC=B >?L "CGG?Fº ;M TOA?B¡LCA? *LM EN O?LNĹ X OILNĹ <?CHB;FN?N TQ;L TOG?CMN ?CH?H0?LOLM;=B?LA?HM¹>L?B?Q?H>?E?BL??NQDºA?F?A?HNFC=B;<?L;O=B ?CH?H A?HM >?L ?Q?AOHA PAF J?LC=OFOG ;> CH ?IM O?LN?L;N ¹>C? !?@;BL B;NN? MC=B CBH?H TOA?Q;H>Nº OMQ C? ;HNCE;OM;NCP? &?M;LN QCL> ;O?L>?G B;OJNM=BFC=B GCN EN OH> ,?@F?RCPJLIHIG?H A?<CF>?N PAF G? O?LN;G ¹C=B >L?BN?GC=BOGºC?MCMN;<?LI@@?HMC=BNFC=B?CH?D§HA?L?%IHMNLOENCIH>C?PIH O?LNĹ X OILNĹ CH E;OM;NCP?L &?M;LN GCN "CHTO@§AOHA >?M ,?@F?RCPJLIHIG?HM G?N?M?OMQA?<CF>?NQIL>?HM?CHGOMM?LP?>1TIL YDUWCMN;HNCE;O M;NCP;<?L<FI?CHG;F<?F?ANOH>>;B?LHC=BN;OMM;A?EL@NCA ;MOLC>A0?L< X9UWQ;LG?CH¼NIN;FF;<CF?M½?Q?AOHAMP?L<MIQC? M0FP?>V³OMQC?¼/L;ENCP@ILG?H½Q;L?H;A?HNCPF;<CF>C?¼/LG?>C;F @ILG?H½Q;L?HG?>C;FF;<CFMI<?H.SJ## .SJ##¯U\DWLYV¯U\DWH CH.SJ>?HC=B>?H)JJIMCNCIHMSJ LUDW¯U\DWLH?HH?HG¡=BN?T?CANE;O M;NCP? 5=;OM7 ENCP@ILG?H '?>C;F@ILG?H BC?LTO MCH> G?>C;F F;<CF 5g=;OM7 MC?B?I<?H%;J.SJ##B;NMC=BG;OM?CH?L?CHTCA?H¼/LG?>C;F@ILG½ ?CH?M F?RCIHMNSJM BILC?HNQC=E?FNC?CH?HAOHA>?L¼(?IENCP@ILG?H½ ;O@5=;OM7CMND§HA?L 0AF>;TO FI<?LN @@>?L;FF?L>CHAM?CH?-=BFOMM@IFA?LOHATC?BN>C?>?ONFC=B CG1C>?LMJLO=BTOG?@OH>MN?B?HPAF?<>-¼5&7º;=NC@>º;<IL>M?OF?G?HNCHNL;HMC NC@?MN>?P?HO?;G<CP;F?HN>;HMF?M>?ORF;HAO;A?M½OH>¼5?7HM;HM=LCN YUWDWH;NbL?J;M MCPn J;L F; =L;NCIH =IHDICHN? >O @;=NCNC@ YUWDWL ?N >O J;L@;CN GIS?H½ ?G QC>?LMJLC=BN >;MM YUWDWLCG,0HC=BN<?F?ANCMN-?CH%IHT?JN?CH?L¼,?J;MMCPC?LOHA½CMNN?LGCHIFIACM=B OH<?BIF@?HOH>A;HTOHJF;OMC<?F JJ?H>CRCH?.SJC@CTC?LOHA>?LC;NB?M?HIJJIMCNCIH CAOL GA;<?M?CH?-A/LG?>COG*LIAL?MMCPBILC5g=;OM7 ȳ'?>C;FMN;GGBIL?5g=;OM7 ȴ OLCCL"îL; ȳP?>¯U\D ࿉ ࿈ 5=;OM7 5g=;OM7;FN ¯U\DWL ¯U\DWH ¼(?I;ENCP½ '?>COG END§HA?LØ C?M? C;NB?M?HIJJIMCNCIH CMN G MI HC=BN ;OM >?G /LCH>IA?LG;HCM=B?H ?L?L<N C? '?>C;F@F?RCIH OH> >C? @?BF?H>? C;NB?M?HIJJIMCNCIH PIH P?> MRÅ\DWHB;FN? C=B @§L ?CH?H @F?RCPCM=B?H L=B;CMGOM C? ENCP@ILG?H >?M MIA?H;HHN?H¼%;OM;NCP#N?L;NCP*LM?HM½>§L@?HGQ?>?L@OHENCIH;F5=;OM7 HI=BCH>C?M?L ILG>B;FMENCP@ILG?H?CH?MNB?G;NCM=B?H-N;GGM;O@>;M /LC>A TOL§=EJLIDCTC?LN Q?L>?H #=B B;FN? >C? <CMB?LCA? ,?EIHMNLOENCIH T ᪦IHB?NC OMQ PAF � OMQ @§L ?CH?H ;H;=BLIHCMNCM=B?H ?BF?L¸A;HT AF?C=BQC?PC?F?¼-=B?CHAF?C=BOHA?H½G;HBC?L;O@MN?FF?HE;HH .SJ###MDMQDYVMDMd C?M?L)JJIMCNCIHMNSJT?CANQC?>?LE;OM;NCP?ENCP@ILG?H MDMQD¹B;ND?NQ ?LT?OANA?<IL?HºOMQC?'?>C;F@ILG?HMDMdOMQB;<?HJ;NC?HNCP?&?M;LN¹CMN A?<IL?H QIL>?Hº I>?L ;HNCE;OM;NCP? &?M;LN ¹CMN ?HNMN;H>?Hº PAF %§GG?F ¼CH;NNCHA?HN@C?HNCP½ %§GG?F B;N BC?L TQ?C -T?H;LC?H ;HA?<IN?H /LC>A ᪦?᪦HB? E¡HH? ?HNQ?>?L QC? P?> ENMDMQD E;OM;NCP I>?L ;<?L QC? AL HzHPOF ¹CMN ?HNMN;H>?Hº ;HNCE;OM;NCP A?Q?M?H M?CH #G ?LMN?H ;FF GOMM ?L ;HM?NT?H >;MM >C? ;HNCE;OM;NCP? ?>?ONOHA PIH AL HzHPOF M? EOH>LCMN¸Q;M?B?LQ?HCAJF;OMC<?FCMN#GTQ?CN?H ;FFGOMM?L;HM?NT?H>;MM >;M P?> '?>MDMd>C? ?B?G;FCA? ?>?ONOHA PIG EN MDMQD ¼§<?LHIGG?H½ B;N ?C>? HNQC=EFOHA?H MCH> Q?>?L <?Q?CM<;L HI=B TQCHA?H> ;MM OLC>A ᪦?᪦HB?;<?LF;<CFQ;LCMNHC=BNCH?NL;=BNA?TIA?HQIL>?HI<QIBF?M>C? ?CH@;=BMN? OH> JF;OMC<?FMN? &¡MOHA CMN #=B M?NT? ;H >;MM OLMJL§HAFC=B <?C>? ¼/LG?>C;F@ILG?H½F;<CFQ;L?H CAOL ᪦?᪦HB?C ᪦?᪦HBC ¼/LG?>COG½ ¼/LG?>COG½?B?G;FMTQ?C F?RCIHMNSJ?H 5g=;OM7 5g=;OM7 ȴ ȴ Q?L>?H?CHA??HAN;O@OH>J;L;>CAG;NCM=BTOM;GG?HA?MN?FFNTO 5=;OM7 5·=;OM7I>?LJ;MMCPCM=B ¼(?I;ENCP½ '?>COG P?>MDMd P?>MDMQD C?C;NB?M?HENCPPM'?>COGOH>>C?0?L<M?G;HNCECG0?>CM=B?H>?L´JYHGD6DÈKLW¬ C?M?C;NB?M?HIJJIMCNCIHCMNMIHC=BN;OM>?G/LCH>IA?LG;HCM=B?H?L?L<N #=B M?NT? §<LCA?HM ;H >;MM OLC>A ᪦0HB ?CH ?JIH?HM Q;L PAF *IINB ; C? CH?HAOHA >?L ENCP@ILG?H ;O@ >C? %IGJIH?HN? 5=;OM7 ?HNMJLC=BN ?CH?L ?LE?HH<;L?H HNQC=EFOHAMN?H>?HT >?M L§BP?>CM=B?H C? CH?HAOHA >?L IJJIMCNCP?H '?>C;F@ILG?H ;O@ >C? %IGJIH?HN? 5·=;OM7 I>?L J;MMCPCM=B ?HNMJLC=BN ?<?H@;FFM ?CH?L ?LE?HH<;L?H HNQC=EFOHAMN?H>?HT >?M L§BP?>CM=B?H .SJ#0YLQGDWLYLQGDWHYLG\WH CH )JJIMCNCIHMNSJ >?H C=B >?H .SJ YLQGDWLYLQGDWHPMYLG\WH H?HH?H G¡=BN? T?CAN 5=;OM7 (?I;ENCP@ILG?H OH> 5=;OM7 (?IG?>C;F@ILG?H TOG M?F<?H-N;GG;A?A?H§<?LHCGGN?CH;H>?L?L0?L<;FMN;GGA?A?<?H@;FFM>C? OHENCIH?CH?MIJJIMCNCP?HHNCE;OM;NCPMI>?L*;MMCPMC?M?C;NB?M?HIJJIMC NCIH CMN G MI HC=BN ;OM >?G /LCH>IA?LG;HCM=B?H ?L?L<N ?L ?LMN? -N;GG B;N MC=B G ;OM ?CH?L ?CHTCA?H /LG?>C;F@ILG OCH> ȳ CH> ?HNQC=E?FN>?LTQ?CN?;OM?CH?L;H>?L?H/LG?>C;F@ILG CAOL OCH> ȳXOCH>N ȴ MJNOLCCLCH> P?>YLQG ࿉ ࿈ YLQGDWL YLQGDWH ¼(?I;ENCP½ '?>COG OC>C ȳXC>CNICC>HNIC ȴ OLCCLC>N;C P?>YLG\WH ?CHA??HAN5·=;OM7I>?LJ;MMCPCM=B .SJ0(?I;ENCPNSJNK\DWPMNK\DWDM?FN?HØ CH.SJ>?HC=B>?H.SJ NK\DWPMNK\DWDH?HH?HG¡=BN?B;N@;MNHOL (?I;ENCP@ILG?H ¼(?IG?>C;F@ILG?H½ QC? NK\DWD BC?LTO MCH> ?HNQ?>?L M?F N?H >; MC=B >C? -N;GG<CF>OHA ;OM ?B?G;FCA?H /LG?>C;F@ILG?H ?HNQC=E?FN B;N¸I>?LMC?B;<?HF?NTNFC=BOLMJL§HAFC=BA;HTA?H;O>C?M?F<??>?ONOHAQC? >C? ENCP@ILG?H C? H?O?H '?>C;F@ILG?H Q?L>?H >;HH HI=B HC=BN >;TO A?HONTNH?O?)JJIMCNCIH?HB?LTOMN?FF?HC?M?L.SJB;NMC=BALOH>MNTFC=B;OM ?CH?L?CHTCA?HC>?HNCM=B?H/LG?>C;F@ILG?HNQC=E?FN CAOL EQᬓ ȳXEQᬓNXEQᬓNI ȴ OLCCLEôEː P?>NK\ ࿉ ࿈ NK\W NK\WD ¼(?I;ENCP½ '?>COG JJ?H>CRCH?.SJC@CTC?LOHA>?LC;NB?M?HIJJIMCNCIH ENCPI>?L'?>COGN;HNOGD§HA?L?@?BF?H>?)JJIMCNCIH ENCPN;HNOG .SJ#;DVWL M AC<N >;M *BHIG?H >;MM >C? OLCH>IA?LG;HCM=B?H OLG?>C;F?H ILG?H ?CH?M<?MNCGGN?H0?L<MQC?T BMNB¹CBLM?C>TOM;GG?HA?G?CHM;G>;º ;O@A?A?<?HQIL>?HMCH>I>?LTO(?I;ENCP@ILG?HL?;H;FSMC?LNQIL>?HMCH>;M ACFN@§LP?> DV¹>;M?CH?RCMNC?L?HM?CHº#G/LCH>IA?LG;HCM=B?HB;N>;M0?L< B0M >;A?A?H I@@?HMC=BNFC=B HI=B EIFF?ENCPMITC;NCP? /LG?>C;F@ILG?H A? <CF>?N .SJ##;(?I;ENCPN;HNOGYDWL GDUDW MAC<N>;H?<?H;O=B>;M*BHIG?H>?L¼(?I;ENCP;N;HNOG½<?C>?H?H>C? H?O?;ENCP?C;NB?M?¼CG&??LF;O@½CGG?LHOLGCN?CH?G<?MNCGGN?H0?L<;F MN;GGMN?BN"C?LB?LA?B¡L?HT>C?PIH!INĹ;O@A?FCMN?N?HENCP;N;H NOG >?M *LM?HM >?L # *LM?HMEF;MM? T YDWL C? H?O?H ENCP@ILG?H MCH> I@NG;FM;O@?CH?M?G;HNCM=B?%IGJIH?HN?@?MNA?F?ANMIT<?CGNB?GIL UDWTO ³GCN GSUC?M?L.SJB;NMC=BG;OM?CH?LF;<CF?H/LG?>C;F@ILG ?HNQC=E?FN CAOL 2 PM BLIOH>I>?LBL ¼/LG?>COG½ 5g=;OM7 ȴ QCL>?CHA??HAN;O@ 5·=;OM7 '?> P?>*F GDUDPMI<?H%;J O=BP?> EK±EKDYL¹PIH(;NOL;OMH;NOLA?GM?CHQ?L>?HºCMNCG L§B P?><TQTOG/LCCLENCPN;HNOGA?QIL>?H §L>;M/LC>AM?NT?C=B>;A?A?H H?<?H ;HNCE;OM;NCP?H /L;ENCP@ILG?H <B¥BN ¹Q=BMN QCL> CMN H;NOLA?Gº G?>C;F F;<CF? /LG?>C;F@ILG?H ;H OLC>A <BOBIȳ P?> EKYDWL OMQ PAF OLC>A <BOBȳ;FNALƮᾇƨƥƚƢƮᾇƞƢ4O>C?M?G.SJA?B¡L?H>;HH;O=B>C? ENCP; N;HNOG >?M *LM #0 ;O@ ´\DWL >C? ILG?H >C? ;O=B Q?HCA? '?>C;F @ILG?HB;<?HA?B¡L?HTO.SJ0 4OLLCHH?LOHA"IGALƮᾇƞƢB;N;HNCE;OM;NCP?&?M;LN¹MJLC?NºCH #FƀH?<?HE;OM; NCP?L&?M;LN¹FMMN?NQMJLC??HQ;=BM?HJLI>OTC?LN?NQºCH #FƀML?@F?ENC?LN>;B?L >C?OLC>AF;<CF?-A/LG?>COG<BOB C?C;NB?M?HENCPPM'?>COGOH>>C?0?L<M?G;HNCECG0?>CM=B?H>?L´JYHGD6DÈKLW¬ '?>COGN;HNOGD§HA?L?@?BF?H>?)JJIMCNCIH .SJ#<VWH M AC<N >?MQ?CN?L?H >;M *BHIG?H >;MM ?HNQ?>?L >C? OL;ENCP?H ILG?H ?CH?M<?MNCGGN?H0?L<MA;HT;O@A?A?<?HQIL>?HMCH>I>?L>;MM>C?/LG?>C;F @ILG?H PC; *;L;>CAG?HMJ;FNOHA ;FM H?O?M ?CA?HMNH>CA?M 0?L< L?;H;FSMC?LN QIL>?H MCH> ;M ACFN @§L P?> VWH ¹MCNT?Hº >;M G CG /LCH>IA?LG;HCM=B?H HI=BTOB0MA?B¡LN?QIB?LD;;O=BP?>VWLMN;GGN .SJ##<MJKQDWH 4O ?CH?G .SJ ##< A?B¡L?H >C? -N;GG<CF>OHA?H <?C >?H?H >C? G?>C;F? C;NB?M?F?RCE;FCMC?LNQCL>OH>MITOM;A?H¼CG&??LF;O@½MN?BN C?M? 0?L<;FMNGG? MN;GG?H G QC?>?L PIH ?CH?L ILG >?L -A /L G?>COG H>?LM ;FM T ;FNAL USzQXPMUSzQPNBJ OMQ B;<?H MC? ;<?L E?CH? H?O? C;NB?M?HIJJIMCNCIH A?<CF>?N "C?LTO A?B¡LN >;HH ;O=B >;M ¼*;M MCPJLM?HM½;O@ \WHMIQC?>C?PIH!INĹ;O@A?FCMN?N?H'?>C;N;HNOG>?M *LM?HM>?L#*LM?HMEF;MM? ;M¼H?O?½JLI>OENCP?PM;FN?'?>COG #=BM=BFC??'INCPC?LN>OL=B>C?HNMN?BOHAPIHH?O?H¼'?>C;FMNGG?H½ QCL>>C?C;NB?M?'?>COGCH?CH?GTQ?CN?HHNQC=EFOHAMM=BLCNN>;TOA?HONTN ?CH? H?O? )JJIMCNCIH TOL ?CHCA?LG;?H OHMJ?TC@CM=B A?QIL>?H?H C;NB?M? ¼ENCP½ TO <CF>?H /GA?E?BLN Q?L>?H ¼(?I;ENCP@ILG?H½ TO H?O?H ¼'?>C;F MNGG?H½ @OHENCIH;F <?>?ONOHAM?CHA??HAN ;<?C @CH>?H MC=B >C? .?H>?HT TO TQ?CG?>C;F?H OHENCIH?H ;M '?>COG G;LEC?LN Q?CN?LBCH MI QC? ?B?>?G >;M /LG?>COG OHN?L ;H>?L?G ;O=B CH )JJIMCNCIH TOG ENCP >?H A?HM ;FM TOMNTFC=B?H ?H? @CTC?HN ,?TCJC?HN I>?L *IMM?MMIL "C?L <F?C<N >C? '?>C;F@ILG TOH=BMN F;<CF I>?L ¼EIHP?LMF;<CF½ <TQ HC=BN >CL?ENCIH;F E;HH ;<?L >OL=B Q?CN?L MJ?TC @CTC?LN? 0?L<;FMNGG? ?LAHTN Q?L>?H OH> >;>OL=B ;FFGBFC=B M?F<MN MJ?TC @CTC?LN<TQ>CM;G<CAOC?LNQ?L>?HQC?<?CYLQGDWHYLG\WHOMQ C?C;NB?M?'?>COGG;LEC?LNCH)JJIMCNCIHTOH?O?HD§HA?L?H5=;OM7 ENCP@ILG?H ; TO?LMN HI=B JIFSM?G >C? ?LH?ON? G?>C;F? &;<CFCNN >C?M?M *BHIG?H QOL>? I<?H CH %;JCN?F <?M=BLC?<?H < >;HH Q?CN?L ?CHA??HAN ;<?L CGG?L HI=B ?CH Q?HCA JIFSM?G ?HNQ?>?L >C? 5·=;OM7 &?M;LN I>?L *;M MCP@OHENCIH = >;HH ?H>A§FNCA >CM;G<CAOC?LN HOL HI=B 5·=;OM7 I>?L > HOL HI=B *;MMCP@OHENCIH C?M?L F?NTN? -=BLCNN CMN CG L§BP?>CM=B?H MI HOL <?CG ¼*;MMCPJLM?HM½?LE?HH<;LPAF%OFCEIP M?F<MN>?LMIA¼*;MMCP;ILCMN½CMN D;CH,?MN?HHC=BN<FIJ;MMCPCM=BMIH>?LH>;H?<?H;O=B5·=;OM7 C? ;FN? OLC>A C;NB?M?HIJJIMCNCIH B;NN? ;FMI E;N?AILC;F HOL <?>CHAN GCN >?L?>?ONOHAMEIGJIH?HN?5=;OM7TONOH¸OH>TQ;LHOLCHMI@?LH;FM>;MM;FF? CHNL;HMCNCP?H /LG?>C;F@ILG?H >B >C? MIA ¼-N;NCP@ILG?H½ QIBF ?CHMN F;<CF I>?L ¼EIHP?LMF;<CF½ Q;L?H QBL?H> >C? 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S<??$ 'ILJBIFIASMNO>SI@NB?L?F;NCIH<?NQ??HG?;HCHA;H>@ILG G MN?L>;GÞ*BCF;>?FJBC; S<?? $ , *?LECHM Þ 1 *;AFCO=; .B? ?PIFONCIH I@ AL;GG;L N?HM? ;MJ?=N ;H>GI>;FCNSCHNB?F;HAO;A?MI@NB?QILF>BCA;AI ;F;H> 1 C? ;FNCH>CM=B?H NI>N?H OH> <?MN;NNOHAMA?<LO=B? GCN <?HONTOHA B;H>M=BLC@NFC=B?LKO?FF?H>;LA?MN?FFNGMN?L>;G ¸ ¼%LCNCM=B? ?G?LEOHA?H TO 0?>CM=B?H ,CNO;FN?RN?H½ 14%' 5 %-7 ¸ 5%-7%F?CH?-=BLC@N?H-NONNA;LN ;F;H>1Þ0"?HLS &ºDJQLŽRPD?M=LCJNCIH=IGJFN?>?F;@ILG?HILG;F? >OM;=LC@C=?>?MIG;>;HMF?=OFN?P>CKO?.*;LCM ;M;L?NNI ¼?@?ENCPCNNOH>-OJJF?NCIHCGP?>CM=B?H0?L<;FMSMN?GP?> SDà GDUÃGUDYGU¬OH>GK¬YVDU½"- ¸ ¼4OL-OJJF?NCIHPIHC>AGF?BOH>?EQ¹MJL?=B?HºCG#H>ICL;HCM=B?H½ "- ¸ ;¼-SHN;ROH>1ILN;LN?H>?L&IE;FJ;LNCE?FH>?MAP?>;0# JLNC½ #HN?LH; NCIH;F$IOLH;FI@C;=BLIHC=&CHAOCMNC=M;H>&CHAOCMNC=,?=IHMNLO=NCIH ¸ <5 7¼-SHN;ROH>1ILN;LN?H>?L&IE;FJ;LNCE?FH>?MAP?>;0### ;<B½ "- ¸ ;¼-SHN;ROH>1ILN;LN?H>?L&IE;FJ;LNCE?FH>?MAP?>;#2 HO½'-- ¸ <5 ;7¼-SHN;ROH>1ILN;LN?H>?L&IE;FJ;LNCE?FH>?MAP?>;20#NCOH> NCLM ½ #HN?LH;NCIH;F $IOLH;F I@ C;=BLIHC= &CHAOCMNC=M ;H> &CHAOCMNC= ,?=IHMNLO=NCIH ¸ =5 <7¼-SHN;ROH>1ILN;LN?H>?L&IE;FJ;LNCE?FH>?MAP?>;2##P½"- C?C;NB?M?HENCPPM'?>COGOH>>C?0?L<M?G;HNCECG0?>CM=B?H>?L´JYHGD6DÈKLW¬ ¸ > 5 =7 ¼&IE;FJ;LNCE?F CG AP?>; 2#0 IFA? ==Bî 4?CNM=BLC@N @§L #H>IFIAC?OH>-§>;MC?HMNO>C?HPILB?L-N## ¸ ¼-SHN;R OH> 1ILN;LN?H >?L &IE;FJ;LNCE?FH CG AP?>; 22# JOLM JOLMNîN OH>SXU½'-- ¸ C L ¼4OG 0?LBFNHCM PIH %;MOM@OHENCIH OH> &IE;FJ;LNCE?F CG AP?>; ;G ?CMJC?F>?MEEOM;NCPM½"- ¸CL-SHN;ROH>1ILN;LN?H>?L&IE;FJ;LNCE?FH>?MAP?>;2#2JL½# ;L>IH;! .B?#H>IOLIJ?;H.B?G;NC=ILCMNM*B>CMM3;F?/HCP?LMCNS /HCP?LMCNS'C=LI@CFGM#H=HHL<IL ¸¼,CAP?>C=óÁYLÅd½&;HAO;A? ¸¼.B?0?>C=CGJ?L;NCP?MCHMC½&;HAO;A? ¸*îޣCHCMOLP?SI@L?M?;L=B.B?";AO?*;LCM ¸<¼-O<D?=NCH-;HMELCN½CH';HCH>L;%0?LG;?> .B?HINCIHI@MO<D?=NCH -IONBMC;HF;HAO;A?M';>CMIH ¸57¼,?T";O>LS5&º?GJFIC>?M=;M?HP>CKO?7½%L;NSFIM ;LFMMIH-?A?H?LC<OMP?L<C"IG?LC=CCMM?LN;NCIH/HCP?LMCNN&OH> ù?LHë0¼-IG?L?G;LEMIHMSHN;R;H>GILJBIFIASI@NB?P?L<CHP;L½L=BCP )LC?HNFH B;LJ?HNC?L$C??MC>?L;NCP<CF>OHA?H>?LCH>ICL;HCM=B?H-JL;=B?H/JJM;F; BIGMES(-SHN;=NC=-NLO=NOL?Mº-!L;P?HB;A? F;=EMIH$ #H>IOLIJ?;H&CHAOCMNC=M;H#HNLI>O=NCIH;G<LC>A? F;@FCH ¼.B?0IC=?I@NB?#H>IOLIJ?;H*?L@?=N½&;HAO;A? IFFCHA?(¼.B?!L??EOM?I@NB?N?LG¹'C>>F?ºCHFCHAOCMNC=;H;FSMCM½1IL> IGLC? ¼#H >?@?HM? I@ MJIHN;H?IOM >?GINCIH .B? CGJ?LMIH;F J;MMCP?½ !L;GG;NC=;F,?F;NCIHM><S*IF?Þ$-;>>I=E(?Q3ILE ¸MJ?=N,?JLCHNQCNB=ILL?=NCIHM5MN?>7;G<LC>A? ¸¼*;MMCP?;H>PIC=?½CH-BC<;N;HC ¸ &;HAO;A?/HCP?LM;FM;H>&CHAOCMNC=.SJIFIASH>?>CNCIHMN?>CNCIH BCA;AI IGLC? Þ ' *IFCHMES ?>M ;OM;NCP?M ;H> .L;HMCNCPCNS GMN?L>;G Þ *BCF;>?FJBC; IQACFF1¼'IL??PC>?H=?@IL#H>I"CNNCN?NB?.?HM?MJ?=N-SMN?GM½ *LI =??>CHAMI@NB?F?P?HNB#HN?LH;NCIH;FIHAL?MMI@&CHAOCMNC=M>IFIAH; LI@N 1 ¼-?G;HNC= ;H> JL;AG;NC= =ILL?F;N?M NI MSHN;=NC= =;N?AILC?M½ *;J?LM @LIG NB? *;L;M?MMCIH IH &?RC=;F -?G;HNC=M > <S .?MN?H ?N ;F BC=;AI ¸ ¼)<FCKO? AL;GG;NC=;F L?F;NCIHM ;H> NB? =F;OM;F MNLO=NOL? I@ ?P?HNM½ JL? M?HN?>CHNB? ?LAOMIH!L??H<?LA&?=NOL?-?LC?MIH&;HAO;A?/HCP?LM;FM;H> -I=CIFCHAOCMNC=M-N;H@IL>/HCP?LMCNS ¸ .SJIFIAS;H>/HCP?LM;FM;G<LC>A? ¸-SHN;=NC=;N?AILC?M;H>!L;GG;NC=;F,?F;NCIHM.B?IAHCNCP?)LA;HCT;NCIH I@#H@ILG;NCIHBC=;AIÞ&IH>IH LI@N1"4-BSF>ELINÞ-%?GG?L¼C;=BLIHC=M?G;HNC=JLI=?MM?MCH NB?GC>>F?PIC=?½*;J?LM@LIGNB?NB#HN?LH;NCIH;FIH@?L?H=?IH"CMNILC=;F CCCC<FCIAL;JBC? &CHAOCMNC=M > <S ! ,;G;N ) ;LLO<; ;H> ! ?LHCHC GMN?L>;G Þ *BCF;>?FJBC; LOM?¼-IG?NBIOABNMIH;A?HNCPCNS½$IOLH;FI@&CHAOCMNC=M ¸ '?;HCHACHF;HAO;A?L>?>CNCIH)R@IL> ;BF ¼*IFSGILJBC= NB?G;NC= LIIN JL?M?HNM CH 0?>C= ;H> NB? ILCACH I@ NB? NB?G;NC= =IHDOA;NCIH ";JN;=;B;JN;CNCM ?MNM=BLC@N @IL L?>?LCE .BIL>;LMIH IHNB?I==;MCIHI@BCMNB<CLNB>;S>";OAÞ1?FI)MFI ¸ .CG?.?HM?;H>MJ?=NCH;LFS0?>C=!L;GG;L&?C>?HÞIMNIH ;BF Þ ?>LC;HC 'M ¼RJ?LC?HNC;F IHMNLO=NCIHM CH 0?>C= ;H> &;NCH .B? CHN?LJF;S I@ F?RC=;F ;MJ?=N PIC=? ;H> =;M? ;N NB? MSHN;RM?G;HNC=M CHN?L @;=?½ J;J?L JL?M?HN?> ;N NB? 1ILEMBIJ IH 0;LC;NCIH ;H> B;HA? CH LAO G?HN,?;FCT;NCIH(;JF?M';S ;BFMNLIG *F;CHM L?? 'ILJBIMSHN;R *B >CMM?LN;NCIH /HCP?LMCNS I@ ;FC@ILHC;?LE?F?S ?&;H=?S-¼.B?=;N?AILSI@>CL?=NCIHCH.C<?NIOLG;H½ &CHAOCMNC=MI@NB? .C<?NIOLG;HL?; ¸;¼(IN?MIH;A?HNCPCNS;H>=;OM;NCIH½-#& ¸ < ¼;N?AILC?M I@ HIHPIFCNCIH;F ;=NIL CH &B;M; .C<?N;H½ CH 4C>? ?N ;F ?>M*LI=?>CHAMI@NB?IH@?L?H=?IH*;LNC=CJ;HN,IF?M-IONBMC;;H>> D;=?HNL?;M#/& ¸;¼A?HNCPCNSCHMSHN;R½&-*;LN*;J?LM@LIGNB?*;L;M?MMCIHIHA?H NCPCNS;H>;OM;NCIH;NNB?.Q?HNS@CLMN,?ACIH;F'??NCHA BC=;AI&CHAOCMNC= -I=C?NSBC=;AI ¸<¼)H;=NCP?NSJIFIAS;H>NB?H;NOL?I@;A?HNCPCNS½CH *F;HE?> ,?F; NCIH;F.SJIFIAS?LFCHÞ(?Q3ILE ¸ ¼.L;HMCNCPCNS CH AL;GG;L ;H> =IAHCNCIH½ IB?L?H=? ;H> ALIOH>CHA CH >CM =IOLM?><S,.IGFCHGMN?L>;GÞ*BCF;>?FJBC; ¸ ¼LIMMFCHAOCMNC=PC>?H=?@ILNB?-NLO=NOL?I@NB?A?HN*LININSJ?½ *;J?LM ;H>,?JILNMIHBCF>&;HAO;A? ¸ ¼P?HN IHMNLO;F ;H> ;M? ,IF? MMCAHG?HN½ *LI=??>CHAM I@ NB? -?P?H N??HNBHHO;F'??NCHAI@NB??LE?F?S&CHAOCMNC=-I=C?NS ¸ ¼.B? BCMNILC=;F MN;NOM I@ NB? =IHDOH=N>CMDOH=N J;NN?LH CH .C<?NIOLG;H½ =N;&CHAOCMNC=;";@HC?HMC; ?F<L§=E 0?LAF?C=B?H>? -SHN;R >?L CH>IA?LG;HCM=B?H -JL;=B?H .?CF # -NL;<OLA ?MBJ;H>?''¼CNL;HMCNCP?J;MMCP?CH3¬ÁLQL½##$ ¸¼$OMNC@C=;NCIH@ILP?L<LIINMOJJF?NCIHCH-;HMELCN½"- CRIH,'1AL;GG;LI@3C>CHS;G<LC>A? ¸¼LA;NCPCNS½&;HAO;A? ¸LA;NCPCNS;G<LC>A? ¸ ¼NSJIFIASI@=;OM;NCP?M@ILGMSHN;R;H>G?;HCHA½CHCRIHÞCEB?HP;F> ¸ ;MC=&CHAOCMNC=.B?ILS0IF)R@IL> ¸ ;MC=&CHAOCMNC=.B?ILS0IFOG? OLNB?L!L;GG;NC=;F.IJC=M)R@IL> CRIH,'1Þ3CEB?HP;F> B;HACHA0;F?H=S;M?MNO>C?MCHNL;HMC NCPCNS;G<LC>A? C?C;NB?M?HENCPPM'?>COGOH>>C?0?L<M?G;HNCECG0?>CM=B?H>?L´JYHGD6DÈKLW¬ IHIBO?'Þ-1C=BG;HH?>M .B?.SJIFIASI@-?G;HNC=FCAHG?HN)R @IL> IQNS ¼.B?G;NC= JLINILIF?M ;H> ;LAOG?HN M?F?=NCIH½ &;HAO;A? L?MMF?L 1 ¼<?L >C? ,?EIHMNLOENCIH >?L CH>IA?LG;HCM=B?H -SHN;R½ 4?CNM=BLC@N@§LP?LAF?C=B?H>?-JL;=B@ILM=BOHA LIMM;L>1¼&;<CF?%IHMNLOENCIH?H½ .SJIFIASI@0?L<;F;N?AILC?M*;J?LM JL?M?HN?>NI0F;>CGCL(?>D;FEIPIHNB?I==;MCIHI@BCM NB<CLNB>;S><S &%OFCEIPÞ"0;N?L.§<CA?H ;NIH$.B?rNG;H?J;>;CH´CAP?>;CMM?LN;NCIH&?CJTCA >A?LNIH ¼-NO>C?MCHNB?0?>;½$)- AA?FCHA$ .B?ń;N;J;NB;LîBG;==;ޣIL>CHANINB? N?RNI@NB?'î>BS;H>CH;M=BIIF*;LN#0)R@IL> AA?L % .B? J;MMCP? ;H> NB? GC>>F? PIC=? CH #GJ?LC;F L;G;C= ' NB?MCM &?C>?H/HCP?LMCNS BHC$ ?LP?>CM=B?'SNBOM>?M3;G;P?LAFC=B?HGCN>?H;H;FIA?H.SJ?H>?L J?LMCM=B?HALC?=BCM=B?HOH>A?LG;HCM=B?H'SNBIFIAC?-NL;MM<OLA C=BH?L"¼C?NSGIFIAC?PIHB?NBG?BOL½'-- C=BH?L"Þ"&OM=B§NTES"AIGJIMCNCIH?M#H>IA?LG;HC=;?#HG?G ILC;G$I=B?G-=BCH>F?L*L;A C=BH?L%§BH#¼CHC><LO=BCG´AP?>;½'-- FCT;L?HEIP;.;NºD;H;$;¼4H;ú?HC?IMHIPJL?T?HM;P,CAP?>?5.B?G?;HCHAI@ JL?M?HN MN?GM CH NB? ,CAP?>;7½ CH $;TSEC #H>CC > <S ' ! MF;HIP ?N ;F 'IMEP; ¸NR;LP;P?>;CT<L;HHI?'IMEP; ¸!L;GG;NCE;P?>CDMEIAID;TSE;'IMEP; ¸,CAP?>;';H>;FS##0'IMEP; ¸,CAP?>;';H>;FS00###'IMEP; ¸;,CAP?>;';H>;FS#22'IMEP; ¸<-FIP;CP?ŋúCP,CAP?>?'IMEP; ¸ NB;LP;P?>; Ŋ;OH;E; *?L?PI> M P?>CDMEIAI D;TSE; PMNOJCN?FºH;D; MN;NºD; EIGG?HN;LCDCJLCFIŧ?HCD;.$;FCT;L?HEIPID.%HCAC#0##'IMEP; ¸ NB;LP;P?>; Ŋ;OH;E; *?L?PI> M P?>CDMEIAI D;TSE; EIGG?HN;LCD C JLCFIŧ?HCD;.$;FCT;L?HEIPID.%HCAC0###2##'IMEP; ¸ NB;LP;P?>; Ŋ;OH;E; *?L?PI> M P?>CDMEIAI D;TSE; EIGG?HN;LCD C JLCFIŧ?HCD;.$;FCT;L?HEIPID.%HCAC2###2#257'IMEP; GG?LC=E,-;E;AL;GG;NC=;FMNO>C?M&IH>IH NN?LC? L;A?MNT?CG´JYHGD?LFCHÞ(?Q3ILE P;HM(!;<S-N&?PCHMIHÞ';DC>?>M ,?=CJLI=;FM;H>-?G;HNC= .SJIFIASGMN?L>;GÞ*BCF;>?FJBC; ;FE " ¼&?A?H>? PIH ÄXQDÊÃHSD PIL CBL?G LCNO?FF?H "CHN?LALOH>½ 4'! ¸ LO>?LM=B;@N OH> 1§L@?FMJC?F /HN?LMO=BOHA?H TOL HNQC=EFOHAMA?M=BC=BN? >?MP?>CM=B?H)J@?LM L?C<OLA ¸ ; ¼C? %IMGIAIHC? PIH ,0 2 ½ CH '?MKOCN; Þ 1?L<; ?>M )L<CM #H >C=OM M)<?LB;GG?L14%- CCCC<FCIAL;JBC? ¸ < ¼0IH !¡NN?L@CAOL?H OH> G?HM=BFC=B?H !¡NN?LH½ CH ( ;F<CL Þ $ % ;ONT?"AA ?MNM=BLC@N%F;OMLOBH TOL0IFF?H>OHA>?M&?<?HMD;BL?M >;LA?<L;=BNPIH-=B§F?LH L?OH>?HOH>%IFF?A?H,?CH<?E ?OCFF?N$>=N;H=??N0;F?H=?>;HMF?M&;HAO?M>?FºOLIJ??LFCHÞ(?Q 3ILE CFFGIL?$¼.B?=;M?@IL=;M?½/HCP?LM;FMCHFCHAOCMNC=NB?ILS><S;=B Þ,.";LGM(?Q3ILE ¸ ¼.B?AL;GG;LI@ BCNNCHA ;H> <L?;ECHA½CH,$;=I<MÞ*-,IM?H<;OG ?>M ,?;>CHAMCHHAFCMB .L;HM@ILG;NCIH;FAL;GG;L 1;FNB;G';MM ¸¼-IG?JLI<F?G;M@IL=;M?AL;GG;L½CH*)ºLC;H>,?JILNI@NB?H> ;HHO;F LIOH>N;<F? G??NCHA IH FCHAOCMNC=M ;H>F;HAO;A? MNO>C?M 1;MBCHANIH !?ILA?NIQH/HCP?LMCNS FI<?LN*&?MP?L<?M>JIH?HNMF;NCHM>?M)LCACH?MB;LF?G;AH?*;LCM IF?S1Þ,0;H0;FCH$L OH=NCIH;F-SHN;R;H>/HCP?LM;F!L;GG;L ;G<LC>A? ILNMIH#01 #H>IOLIJ?;H&;HAO;A?;H>OFNOL?)R@IL>O; ILMMG;H¼J;Iŋ;>?L!?AH?L>?M.CŋNLCC;½%4 ¸¼0?>CM=BV¬NP½C?-JL;=B?5 ?MNA;<?@§L'';SLBI@?L7 ¸¼$;CGCHĘS;LîBG;;ޣ###OH>?CH?BIG?LCM=B?*;L;FF?F?½'-- ILMMG;H Þ , *F;NB "A #H>I;LCM=B #L;HCM=B OH> >C? #H>IA?LG;HCMNCE L<?CNMN;AOHA>?L#H>IA?LG;HCM=B?H!?M?FFM=B;@NPIG<CM)ENI<?LCHL F;HA?H1C?M<;>?H IS1¼0?>CM=B??CNLA?½%4 IR&CHAOCMNC=,?=IHMNLO=NCIH)R@IL> IRÞ*$"IJJ?L?>M 0IC=? ILG;H> OH=NCIHGMN?L>;GÞ*BCF; >?FJBC; L;H=?M=BCHC' HOJ>;N?>0?>C==IH=IL>;H=?';OLC=?FIIG@C?F>ÝM0?>C= =IH=IL>;H=? ?HB;H=?>QCNBH?QG;N?LC;FN;E?H@LIG 0?>C=N?RNM;G<LC>A? ';MM L;HE?,)¼,?T1;=E?LH;A?F5C!#7½ L?HT<?L>C?0?L<?HCG$;CGCHĘS;LîBG;;';ޣL<OLA;>&;BH LCNT' ¼C?CH>ICL;HCM=B??T?C=BHOHA@§L¹B?CL;N?Hº,?EIHMNLOENCIH;O@>?L ;MCMCH>CL?EN?LPC>?HT½CH ILMMG;HÞ*F;NB §LMN ¼?L -JL;=BA?<L;O=B >?L FN?L?H /J;HC;>M P?LAFC=B?H GCN >?G >?L @L§B?L?HP?>CM=B?H*?LCI>?HOH>>?G>?MEF;MMCM=B?H-;HMELCN½%4 !;?>?=E? ?L==OM;NCPCG0?>;L?MF;O !;L=; ,;GH $ & ¼C? -?EOH>L?H>OHA >?L -A '?>CC CG #H>IA?L G;HCM=B?H½ !L;GG;NCM=B? %;N?AILC?H EN?H >?L 0## ;=BN;AOHA >?L #H >IA?LG;HCM=B?H !?M?FFM=B;@N CH ?LFCH "A PIH -=BF?L;NB 1C?M<;>?H ¸¼#H>IA?LG;HCM=B?1OLT?FJLM?HNC;OH>CHH?L?,?EIHMNLOENCIH½ L§B'CN N?F -JNCH>IA?LG;HCM=B EN?H >?L #2 ;=BN;AOHA >?L #H>IA?LG;HCM=B?H !?M?FFM=B;@NCH4§LC=B"APIH!OHE?F1C?M<;>?H ¸¼#H>IA?LG;HCM=B AOB?H¹QC?>?LBIFNM=BF;A?HN¡N?H½ 'LOL;>-NO>C?M CH"IHILI@;FP?LN1;NECHM ><S$;S"$;M;HI@@"L;CA'?F=B?LN;H> &CMC)FCP?L#HHM<LO=E C?C;NB?M?HENCPPM'?>COGOH>>C?0?L<M?G;HNCECG0?>CM=B?H>?L´JYHGD6DÈKLW¬ !?HCOŋC?HĄ.B?.SJIFIASI@,?@F?RCP?M?LFCH(?Q3ILEÞGMN?L>;G !?ILA?" RJL?MMCIHMI@A?H=SCHH=C?HN!L??E;G<LC>A? !?ILAC?P 0 ¼;M '?>COG OHENCIH OH> "?LEOH@N½ !L;GG;NCM=B? %;N?AI LC?HEN?H>?L0## ;=BN;AOHA>?L#H>IA?LG;HCM=B?H!?M?FFM=B;@NCH?L FCH"APIH-=BF?L;NB1C?M<;>?H !CF>?LMF??P?& -SHN;RI@F;MMC=;F!L??E(?Q3ILECH=CH;NNCBC =;AI ¸ ¼-N;BFºMMSHN;RI@NB?!L??E0?L<½$* !CPH.¼"CMNILC=;FMSHN;R;H>MSH=BLIHC=GILJBIFIAS;H;L=B;?IFIACMNºM@C?F> NLCJ½ *;J?LM@LIGNB?M?P?HNBL?ACIH;FG??NCHAI@NB?BC=;AI&CHAOCMNC=-I =C?NSBC=;AI ¸)HOH>?LMN;H>CHAAL;GG;L(?Q3ILE ¸¼.SJIFIAS;H>@OH=NCIH;F>IG;CHM½-NO>C?MCH&;HAO;A? ¸'M &?=NOL?MCH OH=NCIH;FCMG0ILF?MOHAMG;HOMELCJN?¼ OH=NCIH;FCMG ;H>AL;GG;L;JLIMJ?=NOM½¼.B?JL;AG;NC=MI@PIC=?@OH=NCIH;F;H>NSJI FIAC=;F ;MJ?=NM½ ¼#LL?;FCM ;H> NB? MO<DOH=NCP?½ ¼-IG? ?GJCLC=;F =IHM? KO?H=?MI@NB?0*HI>?IL.;ECHAMSHN;RM?LCIOMFSJL?FCGCH;LS>L;@N½ ¼.B?AL;GG;LCHN?RNG?NBI>IFIASIHCHN?LJL?NCHA=IH>CNCIH;F;MMI=C;NCIHM½ ¼IB?L?H=?CHN?RNPM=IB?L?H=?CHGCH>½ ¸0IC=?;H>#HP?LMCIHGMN?L>;GÞ*BCF;>?FJBC; ¸ -SHN;R0IFOG?MGMN?L>;GÞ*BCF;>?FJBC; !CPH.Þ&3;HA¼.B?,CM?I@NB?HAFCMB!.*;MMCP?½CH IRÞ"IJJ?L !IF><?LA IHMNLO=NCIH !L;GG;L JLI;=B NI LAOG?HN -NLO=NOL? BC =;AIÞ&IH>IH !IH>;$-NCFCMNCM=B?MNO>C?IP?LNB;LP;P?>;#0##1;A?HCHA?H ¸,?G;LEMIHNB?-;HMELCNJ;MMCP?&?C>?H ¸;¼.B?=B;L;=N?LI@NB?-;HMELCN;==OM;NCP?½CH;N;FH"A'CM=?FH?; BIG?H;D?;H>L';LNCH?NMNLO=NOL;FCMGI?BCMNILC;&;&;AOH;.# 5--N#7 ¸-NSFCMNC=L?J?NCNCIHCHNB?0?>;GMN?L>;G ¸ ¼,?@F?=NCIHMIHNB?#H>IOLIJ?;H'?>COG½&CHAO; ¸.B?PCMCIHI@NB?0?>C=JI?NM.B?";AO? ¸&IE;1ILF>;H>B?;P?HCHNB?0?>;GMN?L>;G ¸.B?G?;HCHAI@NB?-;HMELCNN?LGGK¬PDQGMN?L>;G ¸S?;H>A;T?CHNB?0?>;GMN?L>;G ¸ (IN?MIHH;G?M;H>NB?H;G?I@AI>CH;H=C?HN#H>C;GMN?L>;G ¸.B?0?>C=AI>'CNL;&?C>?H ¸;.B?>O;F>?CNC?MCHNB?L?FCACIHI@NB?0?>;GMN?L>;G ¸5--N7-?F?=N?>MNO>C?M0IF#0#&?C>?H ¸.LC;>MCHNB?0?>;GMN?L>;G ¸.B?'?>COGCHNB?,CAP?>;&?C>?HÞ%¡FH ¸ 0?>C=LCNO;FNB?HIHMIF?GHLCN?M&?C>?H ¸¼#HNB?<?ACHHCHA½),#5--N0#7 ¸ > )H NB? MNLO=NOL? I@ GOFNCJ;LNCN? @ILGOF;? CH 0?>C= LCN?M ;H> =?L?GIHC?M .ILCHI ¸3UDM¬SDWL;H>NB?S?;LGMN?L>;G CCCC<FCIAL;JBC? ¸;*ŕ;H;H>-;L;MP;NĘGMN?L>;G ¸< .B?LCNO;F@OH=NCIHM;H>MCAHC@C=;H=?I@AL;MM?MCHNB?L?FCACIHI@NB?0?>; GMN?L>;G ¸3UDM¬SDWLºMLCM?NIBCAB?LL;HE&?C>?H ¸,C=?;H><;LF?SI@@?LCHAMCHNB?0?>;&?C>?H ¸;.B?#H>L;BSGHMI@NB?ᢛAP?>;&?C>?H ¸<*L;S?L;H><F?MMCHA;H=C?HN#H>C;HLCNO;FN?LGCHIFIAS&?C>?H ¸=3UDM¬SDWLºML?F;NCIHMQCNBL;BG;H³B;MJ;NC;H>L;BG¬GMN?L>;G ¸¼.B?NLC;>C=BSGHMI@NB?´JYHGD6DÈKLW¬#2½),# !INĹ. C?¾#*LM?HMEF;MM?¼CG0?>CM=B?H 1C?H§<?L;L<?CN?N?OH>?L AHTN?O@F ¸¼,?T$;GCMIH½##$ ¸ ; ¼';N?LC;FC?H TO ?CH?L &CMN? ;FNCH>CM=B?L 0?L<;F@ILG?H½ OFF?NCHI@NB?(;NCIH;F'OM?OGI@NBHIFIAS (') ¸ 0?L<?MM?LOHA?HOH>(;=BNLA? TO C?¾#*LM?HMEF;MM?¼ CG0?>CM=B?H O@F1C?H ¸¼<?LF?AOHA?HTOGOLCH>IA?LG;HCM=B?Hb-N;NCPn½CH ?LNIF>?F<L§=ESF; MCHN;RCM CH>I?OLIJ?; BIS =N;M >?F IFIKOCI >? F; #H>IA?LG;HCM=B? !?M?FF M=B;@N ';>LC> M?JNC?G<L? >? "A PIH L?MJI Þ $ & !;L=; ,;GH';>LC>Þ1C?M<;>?H ¸¼(INCT?HTOL;FNCH>CM=B?HOH>;P?MNCM=B?H-SHN;R½CHC=BH?LÞ&OM=B§NTES ¸ ¼ OHENCIH?H >?MEEOM;NCPM OH> ,?ENCIHM;LN?H >?M 0?L<OGM · ;HB;H> >?M FNCH>I;LCM=B?H½ #H>IA?LG;HCM=B? -SHN;R · L;A?H OH> *?LMJ?ENCP?H "A PIH""?NNLC=BOHN?L'CN;L<?CNPIH$-%CG1C?M<;>?H !LC@@CNBM NB;LP;P?>;3DLSSDO¬GDH?>CNCIHI@NB?@CLMNN?HBSGHM I@CNM HCH?N??HNB<IIEW³FDN¬Á¿D1CNBCHNLI>O=NCIHNL;HMF;NCIH;H>=IGG?HN;LS '.B?MCM&?C>?H/HCP?LMCNS ¸ ; .B?3DLSSDO¬GDVDÈKLW¬I@NB?NB;LP;P?>;.¬Á¿DV;H> H?Q?>CNCIH QCNBNL;HMF;NCIH;H>=IGG?HN;LS*B>CMM&?C>?H/HCP?LMCNS ¸ <¼3DLSSDO¬GD';HNL;MCHNB?.DXÃLNDV±WUD½CH!LC@@CNBMÞ"IO<?H ¸ .B? 3DLSSDO¬GDVDÈKLW¬ I@ NB? NB;LP;P?>;.¬Á¿DV ;H> H?Q ?>CNCIH QCNBNL;HMF;NCIH;H>=IGG?HN;LS!LIHCHA?H !LC@@CNBMÞ$'"IO<?H?>M .B?0?>;M.?RNMF;HAO;A?ÞLCNO;F*LI =??>CHAMI@NB?.BCL>#HN?LH;NCIH;F0?>C=1ILEMBIJ&?C>?H !LIHCHA?H !LC@@CNBMÞ-=BGC?>=B?H?>M .B?NB;LP;P?>;;H>CNM3DLSSDO¬GDìNK¬ "CMNILC=;F;H>JBCFIFIAC=;FJ;J?LMIH;0?>C=NL;>CNCIH;=B?H !LCGMB;Q$ LAOG?HN-NLO=NOL?;G<LC>A?';MM !§HN?LN " <?L ,?CGQILN<CF>OHA?H CG LCM=B?H OH> !LC?=BCM=B?H CH? MJL;=BQCMM?HM=B;@NFC=B?/HN?LMO=BOHA"?C>?F<?LA !LCGG - ' .B? &;NNC=? I@ ;M? ;H> A?HNCPCNS '-= .B?MCM /HCP?LMCNS I@ GMN?L>;G !LC?J?HNLIA1 C?1OLT?FHIGCH;>?M!?LG;HCM=B?HOH>CBL?0ILA?M=BC=BN? #HHM<LO=E !LO<?L$--NO>C?MCHF?RC=;FL?F;NCIHM*B>CMM?LN;NCIH'#. C?C;NB?M?HENCPPM'?>COGOH>>C?0?L<M?G;HNCECG0?>CM=B?H>?L´JYHGD6DÈKLW¬ !T?FF;" ¼0IC=?CHF;MMC=;F"?<L?Q;A;CHMN#NM-?GCNC=;=EALIOH>½ )LC?H N;FC;(IP;-?LC?M ;M= ";=EMN?CH)/HN?LMO=BOHA?HTO>?HMCAG;NCM=B?H*LM?HMMN;GG<CF>OHA?H>?M .I=B;LCM=B?H!¡NNCHA?H ¸ C?-JL;=B@ILG>?LBIG?LCM=B?HJ?H1C?M<;>?H ";DH;F# ¼C?GSE?HCM=B?0?L<;F@ILG??NI½'-- ";F? % ¼)H (IH=IH@CAOL;NCIH;F -NLO=NOL?M½ ";LP;L> -NO>C?M CH %IL?;H &CHAOCMNC=M*LI=??>CHAMI@NB?";LP;L>1ILEMBIJIH%IL?;H&CHAOCMNC=M ";LP;L> 1)%& $OFS > <S -OMOGO %OHI $IBH 1BCN G;H#E"Q;H&??3IOHA-?%;HA-?IOF ";F?'¼(IN?MIH1;=E?LH;A?FºM&;QCHNB?F;HAO;A?I@NB?,CAP?>;½-NO>C?M CH '?GILS I@ 1;LL?H IQACFF *;J?LM @LIG NB? @IOLNB ;MN I;MN #H>I OLIJ?;H IH@?L?H=? ILH?FF /HCP?LMCNS $OH? > <S 1;NECHM ?LFCHÞ(?Q3ILE ";Lþ;LMIH $ -NO>C?H TOG OLCH>IA?LG;HCM=B?H 1OLT?F;ILCMN OH> >?MM?H 0?LNL?NOHACG#H>ICL;HCM=B?HOH>!LC?=BCM=B?H#HHM<LO=E "LNF " ¼@§L=BN?H PM HAMNCA?H .B?G;NCM=B? ,IFF?H OH> L?CAHCMMNLOENOL?H JMS=BCM=B?L0?L<?HCH?CH?G'I>?FF>?L-JL;=BJLI>OENCIH½ *LI=??>CHAM>?L ;=BN;AOHA>?L!?M?FFM=B;@N@§L%IAHCNCIHMQCMM?HM=B;@NC?F?@?F>-?J N?G<?L)ENI<?L"APIH#1;=BMGONBÞ$OHA-NOAOMNCH ";MJ?FG;NB'.L;HMCNCPCNS;FN?LH;NCIHMI@NB?;HNC=;OM;NCP?NSJ?L<?CNMJ;JC?L (L(?O? IFA?#HMNCNON@§L-JL;=BQCMM?HM=B;@N/HCP?LMCNNTO%¡FH ¸ ¼!L;GG;NC=CT;NCIHI@J;MMCP?GILJBIFIAS½-#& ";MJ?FG;NB ' Þ -FCGM /H>?LMN;H>CHA 'ILJBIFIAS -?=IH> >CNCIH &IH>IH ";O>LS$&º?GJFIC>?M=;M?H0>CKO?&SIH ";QECHM$ ILJOMI@"C?LIAFSJBC=&OQC;H#HM=LCJNCIHM0IFOG?##HM=LCJ NCIHMI@NB?#LIHA?*;LN?LFCHÞ(?Q3ILE "?CH?Þ.%ON?P; 1ILF>&?RC=IHI@!L;GG;NC=;FCT;NCIH;G<LC>A? "??H?H &?>MC>L;NC@?H0?>CKO?&?C>?H "?NNLC=B"/HN?LMO=BOHA?HTOL"SJIN;R?CG0?>CM=B?H?LFCHÞ(?Q3ILE ¸¼,?T!INĹ½"- ¸ ; ?L A?HM CH J;MMCPCM=B?H -NT?H ;FNCH>IA?LG;HCM=B?H -JL;=B?H !¡NNCH A?H ¸ <,?ENCIH;F?LOH>;ONIHIG?L%;MOMA?<L;O=B#H"C=BH?LÞ",CR?>M -JL;=BQCMM?HM=B;@N OH>*BCFIFIAC? $;=I< 1;=E?LH;A?F OH> >C? #H>IA?LG;H CMNCE B?ON? %IFFIKOCOG >?L CH>IA?LG;HCM=B?H !?M?FFM=B;@N PIG <CM )ENI<?LCH;M?F1C?M<;>?H ¸¼-SHN;ROH>1ILN;LN?H>?L&IE;FJ;LNCE?FH>?MAP?>;#>BC½ '-- ¸¼-SHN;ROH>1ILN;LN?H>?L&IE;FJ;LNCE?FH>?MAP?>;## ;HNL ½ '-- ¸¼4OL@OHENCIH;F?H0;LC;NCIHM<L?CN?;FNCH>IA?LG;HCM=B?L%;MOM?L<F;NCP CGAP?>;½CH M-NLOHE CCCC<FCIAL;JBC? ¸ ¼-SHN;ROH>1ILN;LN?H>?L&IE;FJ;LNCE?FH>?MAP?>;### JLC ½CH (IP;FCM #H>IA?LG;HC=; ?MNM=BLC@N@§L!§HN?L(?OG;HHTOG !?<OLNMN;A "APIH M. Fritz & S. Zeilfelder. Graz, 215-242. ¸ ¼4O%IHMNLOENCIHOH>?>?ONOHA>?L1OLT?FG;HCGAP?>;½CH.B%LCM=B ?N;F"A H;F?=N;BIGCHCOHCP?LM;FC >C=;N; ?MNM=BLC@N@§L)MQ;F>*;H;AF TOG!?<OLNMN;A;H>#-NONNA;LN ¸ 'M ';N?LC;FC?H TO ?CH?L %;MOMMSHN;R >?M ,AP?>; 1§LT<OLA #HMNCNON @§L FN?LNOGMQCMM?HM=B;@N?H>?L/HCP?LMCNN5BNNJQQQP?LAFMJL;=BQCMM?HM=B;@N JBCFOHCQO?LT<OLA>?JO<FCE;NCIH?HB?NNLC=BBNGF7 ¸ ¼%IHEOLLC?L?H>?L !?<L;O=B I<FCKO?L %;MOM CG ᢛAP?>;½ CH %LCM=B .B Þ .B&CH>?L#H>IA?LG;HCMNCEOH>&CHAOCMNCECGC;FIAEN?H>?L2### ;=BN ;AOHA >?L #H>IA?LG;HCM=B?H !?M?FFM=B;@N CH -;FT<OLA 1C?M<;>?H "?NNLC=B " ;M;L?NNI Þ -=BH?C>?L 5 7 ¼-SHN;R OH> 1ILN;LN?H >?L &IE;FJ;LNCE?FHCGAP?>;#0#FFA?G?CH?M## ¥J;### P;½ '-- "CFF C? ILCMN*LM?HNC?H >?M #H>ICL;HCM=B?H /HN?LMO=BOHA?H TOL 'IL JBIFIAC?OH>-?G;HNCE?CH?L*LM?HMEF;MM?L?G?H "CFF?<L;H>N 0?>C=B?'SNBIFIAC?>?O@FL?MF;O ¸&C?>?L>?M´JYHGD!¡NNCHA?H&?CJTCA ¸%F?CH?-=BLC@N?H-NONNA;LN "CGG?FG;HH (* 'ILJBIMSHN;R OH>'ILJBIFIAC? · C? OMLC=BNOHAM;@@CR? CG.;A;FIA'§H=B?H "CHNT?Þ.C=BS"AA HOM;HN;NS;C ?MNM=BLC@N@§L$IB;HH;(;LN?HTOG !?<OLNMN;A?NN?F<;=B "I=E""¼-;HMELCN=;OM;NCP?MSHN;R;>C;=BLIHC=MNO>S½ -NO>C?MCHNB? FCH AOCMNC=M=C?H=?M ¸ ¼.B? -;HMELCN J;MMCP? MSH=BLIHC= <?B;PCIL ;H> >C;=BLIHC= >?P?FIJG?HN½ -IONBMC;H,?PC?Q ¸¼0IC=?GII>;H>NB?A?LOH>CP?N³W\DCH-;HMELCN½#H>. ¸¼;OM??MJ;MMCP?;A?HNMILCHMNLOG?HNM#HMNLOG?HN;F(*MQCNB=;OM;NCP?MCH ?;LFS;H>F;N?L0?>C=*LIM?½CH"I=E""> -NO>C?MCH-;HMELCNMSHN;R PIFOG?CHBIHILI@NB? =?HN?HHC;FI@-J?S?LºM-;HMELCN-SHN;R ?FBC "I@@G;HH%57¼4OLP?>CM=B?H0?L<;F@F?RCIH½ '-- 5 O@M ##7 ¸5;#HD7?L#HDOHENCPCG0?>;"?C>?F<?LA ¸¼';N?LC;FC?HTOG;FNCH>CM=B?H0?L<OG½%45O@M# 7 ¸ <¼;M%;N?AILC?HMSMN?G>?MCH>IA?LG;HCM=B?H0?L<OGM½'--5 O@M##7 ¸5O@M######7O@MNT?TOL#H>ICL;HCMNCE>?1C?M<;>?H ¸¼C?ILCMN<CF>OHA?HPIHP?>Y³W½CHO@M## "I@@G;HH%Þ ILMMG;H P?MNCM=B?&;ONOH> F?RCIHMF?BL? >OL=BA?M O?LQO@F;A?#HHM<LO=E "I@@H?L"$LÞ"'?F=B?LN !L;GG;LI@NB?"CNNCN?&;HAO;A? 1C HIH;&;E? C?C;NB?M?HENCPPM'?>COGOH>>C?0?L<M?G;HNCECG0?>CM=B?H>?L´JYHGD6DÈKLW¬ "IFFC@C?F> * " )H NB? MSMN?G I@ =IHDOA;NCIH CH *LINI#H>IOLIJ?;H *B .B?MCM";LP;L>/HCP?LMCNS "IJJ?L*$Þ-.BIGJMIH ¼.L;HMCNCPCNSCH!L;GG;L;H>CM=IOLM?½&;H AO;A? ¸>M-NO>C?MCH.L;HMCNCPCNS(?Q3ILE "O;HA . $;G?M ; ¼)H NB? >CMNLC<ONCIH ;H> L?@?L?H=? I@ ?GJNS JLIHIOHM½ &CHAOCMNC=#HKOCLS ¸<¼)HNB?NSJIFIASI@T?LI;H;JBIL;½&;HAO;A?,?M?;L=B "O;HA - Þ & # -O ¼#=IHC=CNS ;M PC>?H=?> CH -;CMCS;N &CHAOCMNC= I>CHA I@ ;OM;NCP?P?HNM½)=?;HC=&CHAOCMNC=M "O;HA3 H;JBIL;LIMMFCHAOCMNC=-NO>S)R@IL> "OG<;=B"Þ*#=B;JILC;.B?"?LCN;A?I@4;L;NBOMBNL;H?QNL;HMF;NCIHI@ BCM!îNBîM"?C>?F<?LA #HMF?L-N;¼P?MN;HHCȖLîCL?½%4 ¸<¼-NO>C?M;<IONNB?-;HMELCN,IINDU³½# ¸¼.B?ILCACHI@NB?-;HMELCNJ;MMCP?;ILCMN½# ¸<¼0?>C=MDVî³MDV¬Q;H>NB?NSJ?VDKDV¬Q½%4 ¸;¼.B?-;HMELCNM;;ILCMN½'-- ¸ ¼-;HMELCN NME;L; ;H> N?RN =LCNC=CMG NI 0 RCR ½ C? -JL;=B? ¸;¼-IG?CLL?AOF;L0?>C=CGJ?L;NCP?M½&;HAO;A? ¸<¼0?>C=G;G;NMCG;G>OL;H>\DWH½%4 ¸¼.B?0?>C==;OM;NCP?NSJ? M¬S\DWL½CH1;NECHM> -NO>C?MCHG?GILS I@1;LL?HIQACFF?LFCH?N= ¸¼0?>C= MDQLŽD ;H>L?F;N?>JLI<F?GM½CH"?NNLC=B?N;F>M M-NLOHE $;=E?H>I@@ ,;S -?G;HNC= CHN?LJL?N;NCIH CH A?H?L;NCP? AL;GG;L ;G<LC>A? ';MM ¸-?G;HNC=M;H>=IAHCNCIH;G<LC>A?';MM ¸ -?G;HNC=MMNLO=NOL?M;G<LC>A?';MM $;=I<M$%IHNL;0;F?HT.LC?L ¸ ¼C?*LI<F?G;NCE>?L0;F?HT?<?H?H½ ?J?H>?HTOH>0;F?HTCHCHN?LH; NCIH;F?M ";H><O=B >?L T?CNA?H¡MMCM=B?H ILM=BOHA "A PIH 0 qA?F & ' C=BCHA?L "1LIGM* "?FFQ?A "$ "?LCHA?L" &I<CH ";F<<;H> ?LFCHÞ(?Q3ILE ¸ ¼0;F?HT<CH>OHA I>?L %IHMNLOENCIHM<CH>OHA CH? !LOH>@L;A? >?L !L;G G;NCENB?ILC?½4?CNM=BLC@N@§LA?LG;HCMNCM=B?&CHAOCMNCE $;=KO?M! ¼.B?CHP?LM?CH$;JBOA,AS;FLIHA½&;HAO;A?;H>&CHAOCMNC=M $;=KO?M!ÞHNIHIP'M¼CL?=NCHP?LM?MSMN?GM½?LBFNFC=BOHN?L!OCFF;OG? $;=KO?Mº*LI@CF;O@QQQ;=;>?GC;?>O $;GCMIH -N ; ¼0IC=? @FO=NO;NCIHM CH NB? ,CA 0?>; '?>C;F ;HN; CH ;=NCP?J;L;>CAGM½##$ ¸<¼.B?=;M?I@NB?;A?HNCH#H>IOLIJ?;H½C?-JL;=B? ¸=¼,?G;LEMIHNB??RJL?MMCIHI@;A?H=SQCNBNB?J;MMCP?CH0?>C=;H>#H>I OLIJ?;H½%4 ¸¼;M?>CMB;LGIHSCH´JYHGLFMCGCF?M½##$ CCCC<FCIAL;JBC? ¸¼¼-F??J½CH0?>C=;H>#H>IOLIJ?;H½%4 ¸; OH=NCIH;H> ILGCHNB? \D ILG;NCIHMI@NB?,CA0?>;;H> NB;LP;0?>;!¡NNCHA?H ¸<¼.QIJLI<F?GMCHNB?CH@F?=NCIHI@NB?0?>C=CHN?HMCP?½'-- ¸¼.B?0?>C=J;MMCP?IJN;NCP?;H>CNM@OH=NCIH;F?KOCP;F?HNM;MNO>SCHNB?MSH N;RI@A?LOH>CP?½$)- ¸;.B?L;P?HIOMBS?H;M;H>NB?QIOH>?>MOHGSNB;H>LCNO;FCH;H=C?HN#H>C; #NB;=;&IH>IH ¸<¼.B?MSHN;RI@>CL?=NMJ??=BCH0?>C=½CH$*L?L?NIHÞ-1$;GCMIH ?>M -?HM?;H>MSHN;RCH0?>C= *;H?FMI@NB? 0##NB1ILF>-;HMELCNIH@?L ?H=?0IF#0&?C>?H ¸ -;=LC@C=?> QC@? M;=LC@C=?LºM QC@? QIG?H LCNO;F ;H> BIMJCN;FCNS CH ;H=C?HN #H>C;)R@IL>?N= ¸ ; ¼)H NL;HMF;NCHA NB? ,CA 0?>; .BL?? KO?MNCIHM½ CH % $IH?MF?S ?N ;F ?>M *LI=??>CHAMI@NB??F?P?HNB;HHO;F /&#H>IOLIJ?;H=IH@?L?H=? &IMHA?F?M$OH?1;MBCHANIH ¸ .B?,CA0?>;<?NQ??HNQIQILF>M&?´JYHGD?HNL?>?ORGIH>?M*;LCM ¸ ¼1B?L?L?FFNB?)JN;NCP?M½CH%3IMBC>;Þ0CH??>M ;MN;H> 1?MN*;J?LMCH#H>IOLIJ?;H-NO>C?ML?G?H $;H?LN%&-CHHOH>?>?ONOHA>?M1ILN?MnGK¬VLbOH>M?CH?L?F?AMN?FF?HCG ,CAP?>;OH>Q?MN;1C?M<;>?H $;HEOBH"C?J;MMCP??>?ONOHAG?>C;F?L ILG?HOHN?LMO=BN;H>?L -JL;=B? "IG?LM!¡NNCHA?H $;M;HI@@$"¼.B?L?H>CHAMI@NB?#GC>>F?½C?-JL;=B? ¸-N;NCP?;H>'C>>F?CH#H>IOLIJ?;H#HHM<LO=E ¸ ¼.B? JIMCNCIH I@ NB? އC=IHDOA;NCIH½ "?NBCNCM=B OH> #H>IA?LG;HCM=B "A PIH(?OÞ1'?C>#HHM<LO=E ¸¼.B?NB?G;NC==IHDOA;NCIHL?PCMCN?>½'LOL;>-NO>C?MCH"IHILI@;FP?LN 1;NECHM><S$"$;M;HI@@"'?F=B?LN;H>&)FCP?L#HHM<LO=E ¸ "CNNCN?;H>NB?#H>IOLIJ?;H0?L<)R@IL>Þ(?Q3ILE $?MJ?LM?H).B?*BCFIMIJBSI@!L;GG;L&IH>IH ¸ GI>?LH HAFCMB AL;GG;L IH BCMNILC=;F JLCH=CJF?M *N ### -SHN;R -?=IH> PIFOG?"?C>?F<?LA ¸ GI>?LH HAFCMB AL;GG;L IH BCMNILC=;F JLCH=CJF?M *N 0# 'ILJBIFIAS 1LCNN?H QCNB NB? ;MMCMN I@ *;OF BLCMNIJB?LM?H (C?FM ";CMFOH> ;H> %HO> -=BC<M<S?IJ?HB;A?H $I;=BCG/'?BL@;=BJLM?HNC?HCGᢛAP?>; L;HE@OLN;'?N= %;O@G;HH # '?>COG · 0IC=? .B?ILC? >?M &?RCEIHM L<?CN?H >?M - (L/HCP?LMCNN?H1OJJ?LN;FOH>§MM?F>IL@ %;T?HCH % # ¼0?L<;F L?@F?RCP?M ;H> NB? GC>>F? PIC=?½ -JL;=BNSJIFIAC? OH> /HCP?LM;FC?H@ILM=BOHA5"-% 7?LFCHÞ(?Q3ILE %??H;H&¼.IQ;L>M;OHCP?LM;F>?@CHCNCIHI@¹MO<D?=Nº½CH&C ¸¼*;MMCP?CHNB?QILF>ºMF;HAO;A?M½CH-BIJ?H %?CF " !L;GG;NC=C &;NCHC 0IF ### *LCM=C;HC AL;GG;NC=C ;?M;LC?HMCM CHMNCNO NCIHOG AL;GG;NC=;LOG FC<LC 20### ?R L?=?HMCIH? ' "?LNTCC 0IF ## &C<LIM 2###20###&?CJTCA(;=B>LO=E"CF>?MB?CG C?C;NB?M?HENCPPM'?>COGOH>>C?0?L<M?G;HNCECG0?>CM=B?H>?L´JYHGD6DÈKLW¬ %?FF?HM$&?P?L<?P?MNCKO?1C?M<;>?H ¸&CMN?>OP?L<?;P?MNCKO?1C?M<;>?H %?FF?HM$Þ*CL;LN&?MN?RN?MPC?CF;P?MNCKO?0IF#HNLI>O=NCIHN?RN? ?N NL;>O=NCIH 0IF ,?J?LNICL?M AL;GG;NC=;OR ?N F?RCKO?M 0IF IGG?HN;CL?1C?M<;>?H %?GG?L-.B?'C>>F?0IC=?GMN?L>;GÞ*BCF;>?FJBC;?HD;GCHM ¸¼'C>>F?0IC=?.L;HMCNCPCNS;H>NB?F;<IL;NCIHI@P?HNM½CH IRÞ"IJ J?L %?HN,!)F>*?LMC;H!L;GG;LN?RNMF?RC=IHH>?>(?Q";P?H %?S>;H; ! 'M #H>IOLIJ?;H -SHN;R ';HOMELCJN IQHFI;> OHN?L QQQE?S>;H;>?CGLO=E@§L IGJ;L;NCP?#H>IOLIJ?;H&CHAOCMNC=MH #HN?LH;NCIH;F";H><IIEI@&;HAO;A?IGJ;LCMIH;H>NB?,?=IHMNLO=NCIHI@ #H>IOLIJ?;H><S' LCNT?LFCH;H>$-%F?CHNB?HM!?ILAC; ";H><§=B?L TOL -JL;=B OH> %IGGOHCE;NCIHMQCMM?HM=B;@N ";H><IIEM I@ FCHAOCMNC=M;H>=IGGOHC=;NCIHM=C?H=??LFCHÞ(?Q3ILE ¸ ,QILQLWLYHLP´JYHGD)RUPHQ)XQNWLRQ'LDFKURQLH&?C>?HÞIMNIH %?S>;H;!Þ-&OL;ABCCL'M¼?@CHCN?L?@?L?HNC;FHOFFI<D?=NMCH0?>C=-;H MELCN;H>H=C?HN!L??E½CL@§L=N;&CHAOCMNC=;";@HC?HMC; %C?BHF? 0?>CM=B XNÅ OH> XNÅYDNÅ 1ILNA?M=BC=BNFC=B? OH> ?R?A?NCM=B? /HN?LMO=BOHA?H1C?M<;>?H %CJ;LMES*¼.?HM?;H>'II>CH#H>IOLIJ?;H-SHN;R½ IOH>;NCIHMI@&;H AO;A? ¸ ¼.B? 0?>C= #HDOH=NCP? "CMNILC=;F ;H> MSH=BLIHC= CGJFC=;NCIHM½ .B? 3?;L <IIEI@-IONBMC;H&;HAO;A?M;H>&CHAOCMNC=M ><S,;D?H>L;-CHAB Þ.;HGISB;NN;=B;LS;(?Q?FBCO; %CJ;LMES*Þ$ -N;;F¼-SHN;=NC=;H>M?G;HNC=L?F;NCIHMCH3¬ÁLQL½ IOH>; NCIHMI@&;HAO;A? %CNNCF- ;.L;HMCNCPCNS.IQ;L>M;IGJL?B?HMCP?.SJIFIAS.OLEO ¸ <¼,?G;LEMIHNB?<;MC=NL;HMCNCP?M?HN?H=?½ &;HAO;A?-=C?H=? %F;CG;H'"¼@@?=N?>H?MM;H>=IHNLIFNSJIFIAC=;FMNO>SI@PIC=?MSMN?GM½ CH-BC<;N;HC ¸!L;GG;NC=;F0IC=?;G<LC>A? ¸¼#HP?LM?&;HAO;A?M½&CHAO; %F?C<?L!*LININSJ?HM?G;HNCECH?CH@§BLOHA§<?L;L<O@F.§<CHA?H %FCGIP ! ¼.CJIFIACD; D;TSEIP ;ENCPHIAI MNLID; C L?EIHMNLOE=CD; JL;CH>I?P LIJ?DMEIAI.B?NSJIFIASI@;=NCP?F;HAO;A?M;H>NB?L?=IHMNLO=NCIHI@*LINI #H>IOLIJ?;H½ #TP?MNCD; E;>?GCC (;OE ---, -?LCD; &CN?L;NOLS C $;TSE; ¸¼)HNB?=B;L;=N?LI@F;HAO;A?I@;=NCP?NSJIFIAS½&CHAOCMNC=M· ¸ .CJIFIACD; D;TSEIP ;ENCPHIAI MNLID; .B? NSJIFIAS I@ ;=NCP? F;HAO;A?M 'IMEP; %FCHA?HM=BGCNN!;M;FN;LG?HCM=B?0?L<OG1C?M<;>?H %FI?EBILMN ¼.B?*L?M?LP;NCIHI@ BCH"C?LIAFSJBC=&OQC;H.QI-?J;L;N? ;-CAHM½"CMNILCM=B?-JL;=B@ILM=BOHA ¸ NSGIFIAC=;FC=NCIH;LSI@NB?"CNNCN?#HB?LCN?>&?RC=IH&?C>?H CCCC<FCIAL;JBC? ¸ ¼"CNNCN? ¼î?½;<F;ONCHA 0?L<M½ .B? #H>IOLIJ?;H 0?L< *LI=??>CHAM I@ NB? IH@?L?H=? I@ NB? -I=C?NS @IL #H>OLIJ?;H -NO>C?M &IM HA?F?M -?JN?G<?L ><S"'?F=B?LN1C?M<;>?H %HI<F1 ¼.B?HIH=?@ILG;NCIHGIL?NB;HGIG?HN;LSFIIE;NNB? OA?H <FC=EM<CF>OHA½CH!LC@@CNBMÞ"IO<?H ¸ ; ¼'CH>L?;>CHA NB? JI?N ;M?M I@ CHN?H>?> G?NLC=;F CLL?AOF;LCNS CH 0?>C= JI?NLS-N## ¸ < ¼4Q?C -NO>C?H TOG 1ILNM=B;NT >?L *;CJJ;Fî>;-;ޟBCNî½ CH !LC@@CNBM Þ -=BGC?>=B?H?>M ¸ ¼IHMJC=OIOM ;<M?H=? H?Q =;M? I@ CHN?H>?> G?NLC=;F CLL?AOF;LCNS .B? =;N;F?=NC=FCH?5,70 <½CH%OFCEIPÞ,OM;HIP>M !MFCT;L?HE IP; %¡FFCA;H -=BQOH>MNO@CA? ?I*LM?HNC;CG#H>IA?LG;HCM=B?H';ACMN?L;L <?CN/HCP?LMCNNTO%¡FH';HOMELCJNHC=BNJO<FCTC?LN ¸ ¼1?HH TQ?C >;MM?F<? 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O@FCHH>?H#HH?O?L?;L<<?MILANPIH!?LNB>#";H HIP?LOH>&?CJTCA %OCJ?L $ ¼4OL !?M=BC=BN? >?L CH>ICL;HCM=B?H M*LM?HNC;½ ) ¸ C? CH>IA?LG;HCM=B?H (;M;FJLM?HNC; CH 0?LMO=B TO ?CH?L GILJBIFI ACM=B?HH;FSM?GMN?L>;G ¸¼.B?NBL??-;HMELCNLIINM;=;D½0îE5-1L7 ¸ ¼.B?;H=C?HNLS;HP?L<;F=IHN?MN½##$ ¸LS;HMCHNB?,CAP?>;GMN?L>;G C?C;NB?M?HENCPPM'?>COGOH>>C?0?L<M?G;HNCECG0?>CM=B?H>?L´JYHGD6DÈKLW¬ ¸5 -1L7-?F?=N?>QLCNCHAM><S&O<INMES'-)ILNÞ'1CNT?FG MN?L>;G %§GG?F'$-N;NCPOH>*;MMCP;ILCMNCG#H>ICL;HCM=B?H!¡NNCHA?H ¸¼1OLT?FJLM?HMH?<?H1OLT?F;ILCMNCG#H>IA?LG;HCM=B?H½"- ¸ ; ;M*?L@?ENCG#H>ICL;HCM=B?H1C?M<;>?H ¸ <¼?LILCMN>?L1OLT?FH ;LCG0?>CM=B?H½ #H>ICL;HCM=B#L;HCM=BOH>>C? #H>IA?LG;HCMNCE"APIH ILMMG;HÞ,*F;NB1C?M<;>?H ¸ ¼4OL I-NO@? CG C>A 0?L<;FMSMN?G½ #H>IOLIJ?;H 1IL> ILG;NCIH *LI=??>CHAMI@NB?IH@?L?H=?B?F>;NNB?/HCP?LMCNSI@IJ?HB;A?H)=N NB H> ><S$F;=EMIHÞ)FM?H%IJ?HB;A?H %OFCEIP&¼0?>CDMEC?E;OT;NCPHS?JL?T?HMSMHIMIPSGC;@@CEM;GCCCRN?G;NCú?M EC? P;LC;HNS 50?>C= =;OM;NCP? JL?M?HNM QCNB H;M;F ;@@CR?M ;H> NB?CL NB?G;NC= P;LC;HNM7½CH(0!OLIPÞ300;MCFºEIP>M -NBîJ;E;ŋLî>>B;G *LI @?MMIL!4IAL;JB=IGG?GIL;NCP?PIFOG?-N*?N?LM<OLA ¸ ¼0?>C= PUL\WH ;H> INB?L JM?O>IJ;MMCP?M HIN?M IH ;H ;==?HN MBC@N½ CH # "?A?>śM?N;F?>M#H>IOLIJ?;H(IMNL;NC=;H>?SIH> ?MNM=BLC@N@IL0 0-B?PILIMBECH1;MBCHANIH ¸ ; ¼*;MMCP? ;HNC=;OM;NCP? ;H> =F;MMC@C=;NCIH I@ P?L<M .B? =;M? I@ 0?>C=½ CH %OFCEIPÞ0;N?L ¸<¼0?>C= S;JL?M?HNMM?G;HNC=M;H>NB?JF;=?I@MNL?MM½CH1'?C>"A -JL;=B?OH>%OFNOL>?L#H>IA?LG;H?H#HHM<LO=E ¸ ; ¼';S B? *LIMJ?L CH )@@MJLCHA ;H> 1?;FNB @?Q DO<CF?? L?G;LEM IH NB? NSJIFIAS I@ F;<CF? P?L<M ;H> -;HMELCN S Å\DWL ¹JLIMJ?LM G;E?M JLIMJ?Lº½ .S JIFIAS ;H> FCHAOCMNC= NB?ILS LIG ?M=LCJNCIH NI ?RJF;H;NCIH IL NB? NB <CLNB>;S I@ F?EM;H>L %C<LCE > <S 0 ,;EBCFCH; Þ 3 ! .?MN?F?NM 'IME;O ¸<¼-JFCN=;OM;NCPCNSL?G;LEMIH=ILL?F;NCIHM<?NQ??HNL;HMCNCPCNS;MJ?=N;H> N?HM?½CH<L;B;GÞ%OFCEIP ¸ ; ¼0?>C= ;OM;NCP? (;M;F *L?M?HNM ;H> NB?CL .B?G;NC=CT;NCIH OH=NCIH;F JJLI;=B½ "CMNILC=;F&CHAOCMNC=M-?F?=N?>J;J?LM@LIGNB?NB#HN?LH; NCIH;FIH@?L?H=?IH"CMNILC=;F&CHAOCMNC=M';H=B?MN?LOAOMN0IF !?H?L;F#MMO?M;H>(IH!?LG;HC=&;HAO;A?M ><S$-GCNBÞ?HN F?SGMN?L>;GÞ*BCF;>?FJBC; ¸ <¼.B?0?>C=NSJ?V\WLL?PCMCN?>½CH ILMMG;HÞ*F;NB ¸ =¼,0 ;HIN?IHNB?0?>C=L?@F?RCP?½CH')@CNM=BÞBL4CHEI >M$;BL?#H>IA?LG;HCMNCECH!L;T ?MN<;H>;HFFC=B>?MDBLCA?H ?MN?B?HM >?L ILM=BOHAMLC=BNOHA Ú#H>IA?LG;HCMNCEÚ ;H >?L %;LF L;HT?HM /HCP?LMCNN!L;T!L;T ¸ ;¼?NQ??HJ;MMCP?;H>L?@F?RCP?.B?0?>C=JL?M?HNMQCNBNB?MO@@CR S;½CH !P;H>?L'??LÞ!N?L'?OF?H>M ';ECHAM?HM?@LIGF?R?G?NI >CM=IOLM? #H BIHIL I@ 1?LH?L <L;B;G ;N NB? I==;MCIH I@ BCM L?NCL?G?HN !LIHCHA?H ¸ < ¼;OM;NCP?M½ -JL;=BNSJIFIAC? OH> /HCP?LM;FC?H@ILM=BOHA 5 "-% 7 ?LFCHÞ(?Q3ILE ¸ ¼.CJIFIACú?MEC?T;G?NECIGIL@IFIACú?MEIGL?=CJLIE?PP?>CDMEIGM;HMELCN? 5.SJIFIAC=;F L?G;LEM IH NB? L?=CJLI=;F P?L<M CH 0?>C= -;HMELCN7½ CH 0 *FOHAC;HÞ$O/LG;HúC?P;?>M $;TSECGCL;.CJIFIACD;/L;FCMNCE; *;G CCCC<FCIAL;JBC? D;NC . Ŧ>;HIPID -N;NºC C PIMJIGCH;HCD; 5&;HAO;A?M I@ NB? QILF> .SJIFIAS /L;FC=MNO>C?M'?GILC;FPIFOG?@IL.Ŧ>;HIP;7'IME;O ¸ ¼.B?&;<CF?-SHN;=NC=.SJ?CH;C;=BLIHC=*?LMJ?=NCP?.B?;M?I@0?>C=½ -%3$IOLH;FI@&CHAOCMNC=M ¸ ;¼*;MMCP?;H>GC>>F?CH#H>IOLIJ?;H,?=IHMNLO=NCHANB??;LFS0?>C=J;M MCP?J;L;>CAG½CH1<L;B;GÞ&&?CMC¡>M*;MMCPCT;NCIH;H>NSJIFIAS @ILG;H>@OH=NCIHGMN?L>;GÞ*BCF;>?FJBC; ¸ <¼.B?0?>C=G?>CIJ;MMCP?;ILCMNMMN;NCP?M;H>NB?CLJ;LNC=CJF?M,?=IHMC>?L CHANB?J;L;>CAG½CH.CEE;H?HÞ""?NNLC=B>M.B?G?M;H>.;MEMCH )F> ;H> 'C>>F? #H>ILS;H &CHAOCMNC=M *;J?LM I@ NB? NB 1ILF> -;HMELCN IH@?L?H=?0IF?FBC ¸ ; ¼.B? L?@F?RCP? JLIHIOHM CH 0?>C= >C;=BLIHC= ;H> NSJIFIAC=;F J?LMJ?=NCP?½&CHAO; ¸ <¼,?=CJLI=;F=IHMNLO=NCIHMCH0?>C=½CH ,?=CJLI=;F=IHMNLO=NCIHM><S0 (?>D;FEIP?N;FGMN?L>;G ¸ ¼.B? 0?>C= =;OM;NCP? VDÈNK\¬S\DWLVDÈNìS\DWLL?=IHMC>?L?>½ CH %O FCEIPÞ,OM;HIP !MFCT;L?HEIP; ¸ ; ¼0IC=? NSJIFIAS½ CH $ $ -IHA ?> .B? )R@IL> ";H><IIE I@ &CHAOCMNC=.SJIFIAS)R@IL> ¸ <¼*;MMCP?NI;HNC=;OM;NCP?NBLIOABCGJ?LMIH;FCT;NCIH.B?=;M?I@0?>C=;H> #H>IOLIJ?;HP?L<MI@J?L=?JNCIH;H>MJ??=B½CH#GJ?LMIH;F=IHMNLO=NCIHM ;=LIMMFCHAOCMNC=J?LMJ?=NCP?><S-C?QC?LME;Þ';F=BOEIPGMN?L >;GÞ*BCF;>?FJBC; ¸ .B? 0?>C= \DJL?M?HNM *;MMCP?M ;H> CHNL;HMCNCPCNS CH )F>#H>ILS;H G MN?L>;GÞ(?Q3ILE ¸ ¼'C>>F? ;H> ,?@F?RCP?½ .B? FIIGM<OLS IGJ;HCIH NI -SHN;R > <S - &OL;ABCÞ*;LI>C&IH>IHO; %OFCEIP & Þ ' ,OM;HIP ?>M #H>IFIAC=; . 3; FCT;L?HEIP; '?GILC;F 0IFOG?*N#'IME;O %OFCEIP&Þ"0;N?L?>M .SJIFIASI@0?L<;F;N?AILC?M*;J?LMJL?M?HN?> NI0F;>CGCL(?>D;FEIPIHNB?I==;MCIHI@BCM NB<CLNB>;S.§<CHA?H %OLSĮIQC=T$¼&?M>MCH?H=?MGIS?HH?M>?FºCH>I?OLIJ?H?N>OB?NNCN?½&- ¸yNO>?MCH>I?OLIJ?HH?M%L;EQ ¸.B?#H@F?=NCIH;F;N?AILC?MI@#H>IOLIJ?;H"?C>?F<?LA %OLTIP " ¼.SJIFIAC? OH> >C? ,?EIHMNLOENCIH >?L CH>IA?LG;HCM=B?H 'IL JBIMSHN;R½ IFC;&CHAOCMNC=; ¸ ¼C? C;NB?M? CH >?H CH>IA?LG;HCM=B?H -JL;=B?H½ LI;NC=; -F;PC=; #H >I?OLIJ?;"APIH!"IFT?L1C?H ¸¼.SJIFIAS;H>C;=BLIHSI@NB?'C>>F?0IC=?½.B?G?LA?H=?I@NB?'I> ?LH&;HAO;A?-=C?H=?-NO>C?MIHNB?.L;HMCNCIH@LIG"CMNILC=;FIGJ;L;NCP? NI-NLO=NOL;F&CHAOCMNC=MCH"IHIOLI@ %%I?LH?L0IF'?NBI>IFIAC =;F J?LMJ?=NCP?M ;H> ;JJFC=;NCIHM > <S - G<F?NIH ?N ;F GMN?L>;G Þ *BCF;>?FJBC; %ONM=B?L- %;OM;FCNNOH>LAOG?HNL?;FCMC?LOHA4OL%IHMNLOENCIHMP;LC;HT<?C *MS=BP?L<?HCH?OLIJCM=B?H-JL;=B?H.§<CHA?H C?C;NB?M?HENCPPM'?>COGOH>>C?0?L<M?G;HNCECG0?>CM=B?H>?L´JYHGD6DÈKLW¬ &;EI@@ ! 1IG?H CL? ;H> ;HA?LIOM .BCHAM QB;N =;N?AILC?M L?P?;F ;<ION NB?GCH>BC=;AI &;EI@@!Þ'$IBHMIH '?N;JBILM1?&CP?<SBC=;AI &;HA;=E?L, IOH>;NCIHMI@=IAHCNCP?AL;GG;L0IF.B?IL?NC=;FJL?L?KOC MCN?M-N;H@IL> ¸ IOH>;NCIHMI@=IAHCNCP?AL;GG;L0IF?M=LCJNCP?;JJFC=;NCIH-N;H@IL> ¸ IH=?JN#G;A?;H>-SG<IF.B?=IAHCNCP?<;MCMI@AL;GG;L ?LFCHÞ(?Q 3ILE &;HA;=E?L,Þ*'OHLI¼*;MMCP?M;H>NB?CLG?;HCHA½&;HAO;A? &;HG;HB, ¼.B?-;HMELCNJ;MMCP?MN?G½$)- &;PC>;M( .L;HMCNCPCNSFN?LH;NCIHMCHC;=BLIHSB;HA?MCHLAOG?HN-NLO= NLO?;H>0IC=?'ILJBIFIAS(?Q=;MNF?OJIH.SH? &;T;L> ! ¼HNCCGJ?LMIH;F P?L<M NL;HMCNCPCNS =IHNCHOOG ;H> NB? HINCIH I@ NL;HMCNCPCNS½CH"-?CF?LÞ!L?NNM=BH?C>?L"A &;HAO;A?#HP;LC;HNM;H> '?HN;F )J?L;NCIHM #HN?LH;NCIH;F #HN?L>CM=CJFCH;LS IH@?L?H=? B?F> ;N !OG G?LM<;=BIFIAH?-?JN.§<CHA?H ¸&º=N;H=?*;LCM &;TT?LIHC , ¼&; >C;N?MC =IG? =;N?AILC; FCHAOCMNC=; MNO>CI MOF G?>CI CH>I?O LIJ?I½-NO>C?-;AAC&CHAOCMNC=C ¸¼L=;CMGC?CHHIP;TCIHCH?FF;@F?MMCIH?P?L<;F?P?>C=;F?@ILG?>?FFIMN;NCPI½ -NO>C?-;AAC&CHAOCMNC=C &?>A?Q;S LIG&;NCHNI,IG;H=?'ILJBIMSHN;=NC=.SJIFIAS;H>B;HA? )R@IL> &?BG;HHBL¼!L;GG;NC=;FCT;NCIH;H>L?F;N?>=B;HA?MCH=IHN?GJIL;LS!?L G;H½ JJLI;=B?MNI!L;GG;NC=CT;NCIH><S.L;OAINNÞ"?CH? 0IFGMN?L>;GÞ*BCF;>?FJBC;0IF## &?BG;HH1**LINI#H>IOLIJ?;H-SHN;ROMNCH ¸ ,?MC>O?M I@ JL?#H>IOLIJ?;H =NCP? -NLO=NOL? ;H> NB?CL #GJFC=;NCIHM @IL NB?,?F;NCIHMBCJM;GIHANB?C;F?=NM#HHM<LO=E ¸ *L?#H>IOLIJ?;H1;MBCHANIH &?NO=BCS ¼.IQ;L>M ; NSJIFIAS I@ F;<CF? P?L<M &;<CFCNS PM >?LCP;NCIH½ (?Q B;FF?HA?M CH .SJIFIAS .L;H=?H>CHA NB? IL>?LM ;H> ,?@CHCHA NB? CMNCH= NCIHM><SLEBCJIPÞ*JJM?LFCH &?OG;HH ¼4OL !?M=BC=BN? >?L PC?LN?H *LM?HMEF;MM? >?M -;HMELCN½ CH ' L>G;HH ?> 0?LB;H>FOHA?H >?L M?=BMOH>PC?LTCAMN?H 0?LM;GGFOHA >?ONM=B?L *BCFIFIA?H OH> -=BOFGHH?L CH -NL;MM<OLA FM;MM PIG <CM )ENI<?L &?CJTCA 57 ¸%F?CH?-=BLC@N?H-NONNA;LN &?OG;HH' ¼4OL-N;GG<CF>OHA>?L0?L<?HCG#H>CM=B?H½ # 5 7 ¸'ILJBIFIACM=B?(?O?LOHA?HCG;FNCH>CM=B?H0?L<;FMSMN?GGMN?L>;G ¸%F?CH?-=BLC@N?H4§LC=B &?PCH HAFCMB 0?L< F;MM?M ;H> FN?LH;NCIHM *L?FCGCH;LS #HP?MNCA;NCIH BC=;AIÞ&IH>IH &?PCHÞ,;J;JILN"IP;P' /H;==OM;NCPCNS;NNB?MSHN;RF?RC=;FM?G;HNC=M CHN?L@;=?;G<LC>A?';MM ¸ LAOG?HN,?;FCT;NCIH;G<LC>A? CCCC<FCIAL;JBC? &CB?>-O<D?=N;H>.IJC=(?Q3ILE &C=BN?H<?LE ¼'OFNCJF?OM?MI@L?=CJLI=;F=IHMNLO=NCIHM½ OMNL;FC;H$IOLH;F I@&CHAOCMNC=M &C?<C=B *;HCHCCH?CNL;ATOL%?HHNHCM>?LCH>CM=B?H&CN?L;NOLOH> !L;G G;NCE&?CJTCA &CJJ , C? CH>IA?LG;HCM=B?H OH> ?CHT?FMJL;=BFC=B?H *;F;N;F? CG #H >ICL;HCM=B?H>?"?C>?F<?LA &IGG?F" !?>C=BN?>?M,CA0?>;OMQ;BFOH><?LM?NTOHAPIH"&IGG?F '§H=B?H*F;H?AA &IQ?$IBH$ .B?MSHN;R;H>M?G;HNC=MI@N?HM?;MJ?=NMN?GJ;LNC=CJF?MCH?;LFS AP?>C=-;HMELCNI=NIL;FCMM?LN;NCIH/HCP?LMCNSI@)R@IL> &O<INMES'.B?MSMN?GI@HIGCH;F;==?HNO;NCIHCH-;HMELCN;H>*LINI#H>I OLIJ?;H&?C>?H ¸¼.B?0?>C=S;@ILG;NCIHM½5,?T$;GCMIH7##$ ¸;,01´JYHGLFQIL>=IH=IL>;H=?0IFM(?Q";P?H ¸<¼.B?#H>I#L;HC;HL?@F?R?MI@*#,"/0½CH&O<INMES>-IOH> F;Q;H>;H;FIAS*;J?LMCHBIHILI@,I<?LN-*??E?MIHNB?I==;MCIHI@BCM NB<CLNB>;SGMN?L>;G ¸=¼,?G;LEMIHNB?0?>C=CHN?HMCP?½5,?T-=B;?@?L7 $)- ¸ ¼.B? 0?>C= LIIN Y³ ¹NI =IP?Lº ;H> CNM JL?M?HN½ CH ILMMG;H Þ *F;NB ¸ ¼,?@F?R?MI@*LINI#H>IOLIJ?;HME CH#H>I#L;HC;H½ #H=IHNLC&CHAOCMNC=C ¸ $WKDUYDYHGD3DLSSDO¬GD.¬Á¿D@CP? .?RN NL;HMF;NCIH =IGG?HN;LS ;G <LC>A?';MM ¸ ¼.B?ILCACHI@-;HMELCNLIINMI@NB?NSJ? V¯Y ¹NIM?Qº G¯Y ¹NIJF;S>C=?ºQCNB ;H ;JJ?H>CR IH 0?>C= CJ?L@?=NM½ CH -N 1 $;GCMIH " '?F=B?LN Þ 0CH? ?>M *LI=??>CHAM I@ÝNB? H> HHO;F /& #H>IOLIJ?;H IH@?L ?H=?L?G?H &§>?LM" 5 *B#H>7 *BCFIFIAC=;#H>C=;OMA?QBFN?EF?CH?-=BLC@N?H>? !¡NNCHA?H ¸ 9DUXÁD OM >?G (;=BF; BLMA PIH &O>QCA FM>IL@ # 9DUXÁD OH> >C? 1;MM?L!¡NNCHA?H ¸ 9DUXÁDOM>?G(;=BF;BLMAPIH&O>QCAFM>IL@ ##9DUXÁD OH>>;M´WD !¡NNCHA?H ¸5%-7%F?CH?-=BLC@N?H1C?M<;>?H &O>QCA ?L,CAP?>;I>?L>C?B?CFCA?HBSGH?H>?LLBG;H;4OG?LMN?H G;F?PIFFMNH>CACHM?ONM=B?§<?LM?NTNGCN=IGG?HN;LOH>?CHF?CNOHAPIH &O>QCA>###*L;A ¸ ?L,CAP?>;I>?L>C?B?CFCA?HBSGH?H>?LLBG;H;>### C?G;HNL;FC N?L;NOLOH>>;M;FN?#H>C?H;FM?CHF?CNOHATOLO?<?LM?NTOHA>?M,CAP?>;*L;A ¸?L,CAP?>;I>?L>C?B?CFCA?HBSGH?H>?LLBG;H;>#00 IG G?HN;LTOL,CAP?>;§<?LM?NTOHA*L;A ¸¼/?<?L>C?H?O?MN?H;L<?CN?H;O@>?GA?<C?N?>?L´AP?>;@ILM=BOHA½-!1 $A-N0# C?C;NB?M?HENCPPM'?>COGOH>>C?0?L<M?G;HNCECG0?>CM=B?H>?L´JYHGD6DÈKLW¬ &OL;ABC - ¼,?=IHMNLO=NCHA *# ;M ;H LA;NCP? F;HAO;A? .?MN½ $IOLH;F I@ #H>IOLIJ?;H-NO>C?M ¸ ; ¼-SH=L?NCMG ;H> =F;MMC@C=;NCIH I@ M?G;HNC= LIF?M½ -JL;=BNSJIFIAC? OH> /HCP?LM;FC?H@ILM=BOHA ¸ <¼-IG?L?G;LEMIH#HMNLOG?HNIGCN;NCP?;H>A?HNCH#H>IOLIJ?;H½ -JL;=BNSJIFIAC?OH>/HCP?LM;FC?H@ILM=BOHA ¸ ¼?@CHCN?L?@?L?HNC;FHOFFI<D?=NMCHH=C?HN!L??E½# · ¸ ¼;MC=P;F?H=SILC?HN;NCIH;H>NB?GC>>F?PIC=?CH"CNNCN?½-#& &SIHM$#HNLI>O=NCIHNINB?IL?NC=;FFCHAOCMNC=M&IH>IH ¸-?G;HNC=M0IFOG?##;G<LC>A? ';=>IH?FF 0?>C=AL;GG;L-NL;MM<OLA ';FFILS $ * Þ + >;GM ?>M H=S=FIJ?>C; I@ #H>IOLIJ?;H OFNOL? &IH>IH ';FT;BH' .B?.I=B;LC;H0?L<;F-SMN?G&?C>?HÞIMNIH ';H?MMS$&?MMO<MN;HNC@M?H;M>;HMF;´N6DÈKLW¬IHNLC<ONCIHFºNO>?>? F;GILJBIFIAC?P>CKO?;E;L ';HH?S&$ .B?'C>>F?0IC=?CH'I>?LH!L??EGMN?L>;GÞ*BCF;>?FJBC; ';LAOFCM ¼0?L<;F? -N;GG<CF>OHA OH> 0?L<;F>C;NB?M?½ %4 %4 ';SLBI@?L ' 5 %17 %OLTA?@;N?M ?NSGIFIACM=B?M 1¡LN?L<O=B >?M FNCH>CM=B?H>##0"?C>?F<?LA ¸;¼"?NBCNCM=B?MOH>;LCM=B?M&?RCEIH½# ¸< -;HMELCN!L;GG;NCEGCLMJL;=BP?LAF?C=B?H>?HLFON?LOHA?HO@F?L FCH ¸ ¼#H>I;LCM=B FO<B "IGIHSGC?I>?L M?G;HNCM=B? 0C?F@;FN½ ) #L; HC;H-NO>C?MJL?M?HN?>NI%;D;LL5 7 ¸OMA?QBFN?EF?CH?-=BLC@N?H1C?M<;>?H ¸5 1C;7 NSGIFIACM=B?M1¡LN?L<O=B>?MFNCH>I;LCM=B?H>#### "?C>?F<?LA ¸ C? *?LMIH?HH;G?H CH >?L ´JYHGD6DÈKLW¬ -C=B?L?M OH> 4Q?C@?FB;@N?M '§H=B?H '=;QF?S$¼&?RC=;FCHM?LNCIHCH;NL;HM@ILG;NCIH;FAL;GG;LQCNBION>??J MNLO=NOL?½&- '?C> 1 "A -JL;=B? OH> %OFNOL >?L #H>IA?LG;H?H EN?H >?L 2 ;=BN; AOHA>?L#H>IA?LG;HCM=B?H!?M?FFM=B;@N#HHM<LO=E -?JN?G<?L #HHM<LO=E '?CFF?N¼?KO?FKO?MJLM?HNM;NBG;NCKO?MPI=;FCMG?L;>C=;FI½'-& ¸ &CHAOCMNCKO? BCMNILCKO? ?N FCHAOCMNCKO? AHL;F? O@F O@F *;LCM ¸#HLI>O=NCIHFºNO>?=IGJ;L;NCP?>?MF;HAO?MCH>I?OLIJ?H?M*;LCM ¸ ; ¼MM;C >? =BLIHIFIAC? >?M F;HAO?M CH>I?OLIJ?HH?M &; NBILC? >O @ GCHCH½OFF?NCH>?F;-I=CN>?&CHAOCMNCKO?>?*;LCM ¸<¼B;L;=NL?M?=IH>;CL?>ONSJ?NBG;NCKO?CH>I?OLIJ?H½ OFF?NCH>?F; -I=CN>?&CHAOCMNCKO?>?*;LCM CCCC<FCIAL;JBC? '?CM?L ! ¼4OL OHENCIH >?L (;M;FJLM?HNC?H CG /LCH>IA?LG;HCM=B?H½ #H>IA?LG;HC=;?N#N;FC=; ?MNM=BLC@N@§L"?FGON,CRTOG!?<OLNMN;A> <S!'?CM?L#HHM<LO=E '?CM?L ! "A #H>IA?LG;HC=; ?N #N;FC=; ?MNM=BLC@N@§L "?FGON ,CR TOG !?<OLNMN;A#HHM<LO=E '?F=B?LN"¼.B?'C>>F?0IC=?CH&S=C;H½"- ¸ ?>.B?#H>IOLIJ?;H0?L<*LI=??>CHAMI@NB?IH@?L?H=?I@NB?-I=C?NS @IL#H>IOLIJ?;H-NO>C?M&IMHA?F?M-?JN?G<?L 1C?M<;>?H '?FºúOE#¼-?G;HNC=>?M=LCJNCIHI@F?RC=;FOHCNMCH;HRJF;H;NILSIG<CH; NILC;FC=NCIH;LS<;MC=JLCH=CJF?M;H>B?OLCMNC==LCN?LC;½ #HN?LH;NCIH;F$IOLH;F I@&?RC=IAL;JBS ¸¼.B?CH@F?=NCIH;F=;N?AILCSI@PIC=?NIQ;L>M;GIL?LCAILIOM>?@CHCNCIH½CH IGLC?Þ*IFCHMES ¸IOLM>?GILJBIFIAC?AHL;F?NBILCKO??N>?M=LCJNCP?0IF##-CAHC@C=; NCIHMGILJBIFIACKO?M'IHNL;F 'C=B;?F# HAFCMB!L;GG;NC=;F;N?AILC?M;G<LC>A? 'CALIH-¼.B?,AP?>C=J;MMCP?;ILCMNCH C;@OH=NCIH;FMNO>S½ IFC; &CHAOCM NC=; ¸ ¼´JYHGLFMXÅ;H> MRŽ )F> *?LMC;H >;OŋN;L ; M?G;HNC= CHP?MNCA;NCIH½ C?-JL;=B? 'IL;P=MCE ¼)H NB? =;M? 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C;NB?M? CG #H>IA?LG;HCM=B?H ILG?H OH> OHENCIH?H >?M '?>COGMOH>CBL?MJL;=BBCMNILCM=B?H!LOH>F;A?H#HMNCNON@§L-JL;=BQCMM?H M=B;@N>?L/HCP?LMCNN#HHM<LO=E -NCGG"'?>COGOH>,?@F?RCPEIHMNLOENCIHCG-OLM?FPCM=B?H'§H=B?H -NLOHE% (;M;FJLM?HNC?HOH>ILCMN?CH?CNL;ATOL'ILJBIFIAC? >?M0?L <OGMCG#H>I#L;HCM=B?HOH>!LC?=BCM=B?H"?C>?F<?LA ¸ ¼4Q?C F;N?HN? FF? >?M P?L<;F?H *LM?HMMN;GGNSJM WŽKDWL CG 0?>; 4'!-OJJF?G?HN### ¸ ¼4OGC>A '?>COG OH>EIHEOLLC?L?H>?H%;N?AILC?H½ 1?A? TOL /HCP?LM; FC?H@ILM=BOHA -JL;=BQCMM?HM=B;@NFC=B? ?CNLA? TOG !?<OLNMN;A PIH ";HMD;EI<-?CF?L"APIH!L?NNM=BH?C>?LÞBL&?BG;HH.§<CHA?H ¸.SJCM=B?'?LEG;F?PIH L;A?MNT?HOH>>C?;FNCH>CM=B?*FONC¹'§H=B?H -N§<?L % ¼4OL "?LEOH@N >?L ;FNCH>CM=B?H #H@CHCNCP? ;O@ MHC ½ '-- -T?G?LHSC) -SH=IJ?CH!L??E;H>#H>IOLIJ?;H;H>NB?H;NOL?I@#H>I OLIJ?;H;==?HN(;JF?M .;AFC;PCHC CH@§BLOHA CH >C? LIG;HCM=B? -JL;=BQCMM?HM=B;@N EILLO@F .§<CHA?HÞ;M?F CCCC<FCIAL;JBC? .;FGS& -?G;HNC=MNLO=NOL?MCHHAFCMB;H>NMOA?QC/HJO<FCMB?>*B>CM M?LN;NCIH/HCP?LMCNSI@;FC@ILHC;?LE?F?S ¸¼-?G;HNC==;OM;NCP?NSJ?M½CH-BC<;N;HC ¸ ¼&?RC=;FCT;NCIHJ;NN?LHM M?G;HNC= MNLO=NOL? CH F?RC=;F@ILGM½ &;HAO;A? .S JIFIAS;H>-SHN;=NC=?M=LCJNCIH0IFOG?M><S.-BIJ?H;G<LC>A? ¸ .IQ;L>;IAHCNCP?-?G;HNC=M0IF;G<LC>A?';MM .;SFIL$,&CHAOCMNC=;N?AILCT;NCIH*LININSJ?MCH&CHAOCMNC=.B?ILS)R@IL> ¸ &CHAOCMNC= ;N?AILCT;NCIH *LININSJ?M CH &CHAOCMNC= .B?ILS H> L?PCM?> ?>CNCIH)R@IL> .?>?M=I*¼.B?MOJJIM?>,CAP?>C=JL?M?HNPUDWH½&;HAO;A? .?MHCL?&yFG?HNM>?MSHN;R?MNLO=NOL;F?*;LCM ¸ yFG?HNM>?MSHN;R?MNLO=NOL;F?>OL=BA?M?B?H?OH>EILLCAC?LN?O @F;A?*;LCMLO=EGCN0ILQILNPIH$?;H IOLKO?N*;LCM .BC?G?*;M*FOMKO;GJ?L@?ENOGCG0?>;!¡NNCHA?H ¸ ?L L?G>FCHA CG ´JYHGD CH? -NO>C? §<?L >C? ?>?ONOHA >?L 1ILN? ;LC ;LS;;LS;G;HOH>¬U\D&?CJTCA ¸-NO>C?HTOLCH>IA?LG;HCM=B?H1ILNEOH>?OH>,?FCACIHMA?M=BC=BN? ¸'CNL;;H>LS;G;H(?Q";P?H5<7 ¸¼-;HMELCN ?>B;N? ½CH #& .OLH?L$O<CF??0IFOG? #5 %-# 7 ¸¼#>AM;F¹-;FTºCG-;HMELCN½4'!( > ¸!?>C=BN?;OM>?G,CA0?>;-NONNA;LN ¸%F?CH?-=BLC@N?H5%-#7.?CF?1C?M<;>?H ¸¼%CHA9DUXÁD½CH !?LG;H-=BIF;LMIH#H>C;0IF#0;L;H;MC5 %-## 7 ¸ ¼4O ,0 ½ CH NN?L "A IIJ?LIMC ?MNM=BLC@N @§L LHMN ,CM=B TOG!?<OLNMN;A?LFCH5%-##7 ¸ ¼;M ,NM?F ,0 ½ CH " ;FE "A "CH>OCMGOM OH> O>>BCM GOM ?MNM=BLC@N@§L/FLC=B-=BH?C>?L L?C<OLA5%-##7 ¸;5%-##7%F?CH?-=BLC@N?H>##-NONNA;LN ¸<)J?L;G;CIL;>#"APIH1%HI<FÞ(%I<;S;MBC%SINI .BIGJMIH & H #HNLI>O=NCIH NI NB;<;M=;H F;HAO;A?M 3OEIH%ISOEOE -=BIIFCMNLC=N ¸¼*LIHIOHM;H>0IC=?CH%ISOEIHNB;J;M=;HN?RN<;M?>MNO>S½ #$& ¸¼.B?(;?H?GC>>F?PIC=?HCGJ?LMIH;FMIOL=?I@NB?F?G?HN½#$& .BOG<Þ,";OM=BCF> ";H><O=B>?M-;HMELCN##.?CF ILG?HF?BL? "?C >?F<?LA .C=BS¼.L;HMJIHC?LN?,IFF?HOH>LAHTOHA?H<?CGP?>CM=B?H%;OM;NCP½CH #H>IA?LG;HC=;?N#N;FC=; ?MNM=BLC@N@§L"?FGON,CRTOG!?<OLNMN;A> <S!'?CM?L#HHM<LO=E ¸;.C=BSC?(IGCH;;A?HNCM;O@WDUCG0?>CM=B?H"?C>?F<?LA ¸ < ¼0?>CM=B > OHENCIH "?LEOH@N OH> MO<IL>CHC?LN? .L;HMJIMCNCIH?H½ CH M-NLOHE ¸ ?L %IHDOHENCP OH> M?CH? (;=B<;LE;N?AILC?H -NO>C?H TOG CH>IA?L G;HCM=B?H0?L<OG;OMA?B?H>PIH>?LFN?L?HP?>CM=B?H*LIM;L?G?H C?C;NB?M?HENCPPM'?>COGOH>>C?0?L<M?G;HNCECG0?>CM=B?H>?L´JYHGD6DÈKLW¬ .CEE;H?H .B? -;HMELCN A?LOH> MSH=BLIHC= >C;=BLIHC= ;H> NSJIFIAC=;F ;H;FSMCM"?FMCHEC .L;OAINN.B?"CMNILSI@HAFCMB-SHN;R(?Q3ILE .L?G<F;S2¼4OGMO@@CR;F?H<F;ON ?ICH>?L;NB?G;NCM=B?H?EFCH;NCIH>?M #H>IA?LG;HCM=B?H½C?-JL;=B? ¸CMM yNO>?MMOLF?MHIGMMO@@CR;OR;NBG;NCKO?>?FºP?MN;.BM?>?>I= NIL;Ny*"y0#?M?=NCIH*;LCM ¸ ¼#HN?LH? ?LCP;NCIH ¾#FFOMCIH >? F; L=IHMNLO=NCIH¼ I>?L P?L<L?CN?N?M GIL JBIFIACM=B?M 'CNN?F G ?CMJC?F >?M Q?MNCM=B?H½ #H>IA?LG;HCM=B?M (I G?HEN?H>?LL<?CNMN;AOHA>?L#H>IA?LG;HCM=B?H!?M?FFM=B;@N L?C<OLA <CM-?JN "AP.C=BS-1I>NEI#LMFCHA?LL?G?H ¸ ¼4OG (;LN?HILCMN JIJBIHC=; #0½ #H>IA?LG;HC=; ?MNM=BLC@N !?LN %FCHA?HM=BGCNN"APIH!-=BQ?CA?L.;CG?LCHA ¸ ¼#MN >C? ENCP?H>OHA *F îL; CH ?CHCA?H IMNCL;HCM=B?H -JL;=B?H CHH?L CL;HCM=B?HNQC=EFOHAI>?LCH>IA?LG;HCM=B?ML<?½ '§H=B?H?L-NO>C?H TOL-JL;=BQCMM?HM=B;@N 5 7 ¸ ¼$?HM?CNM PIH -=BCH>F?L C? ?>?ONOHA?H >?L >L?C 1OLT?FHIGCH; <F;ONNSJ?H½ '§H=B?H?L -NO>C?H TOL -JL;=BQCMM?HM=B;@N 5 7 .LIMN*¼'?>COGOH>,?@F?RCP½ -NO>C;FCHAOCMNC=;>C;=BLIHC=;?NMSH=BLIHC=; 1?LH?L 1CHN?L M?R;A?H;LCI ;HHI ''&222### "A PIH / *C?J?L Þ ! -NC=E?F?LFCHÞ(?Q3ILE .MOHI>;.¼,?G;LEMIHNL;HMCNCPCNS½$IOLH;FI@&CHAOCMNC=M .MOHI>;.Þ.%;A?S;G;?>M 0IC=?;H>!L;GG;NC=;F,?F;NCIHM#H"IHIL I@';M;SIMBC-BC<;N;HCGMN?L>;GÞ*BCF;>?FJBC; /BFCA ! "A CIHSMCC .BL;=CM LM !L;GG;NC=; 5!L;GG;NC=C !L;?=C #7 &?CJTCA >?0;;H' ¼¹(;LN?HºLIINM@LIGNB?P?MN;HJICHNI@PC?Q½ *?L;MJ?L; ;> ;MN?LCM=IM -NO>C; #H>IA?LG;HC=; CH BIHIL?G $?HM FG?A;L> ,;MGOMM?H M?R;A?H;LCC#>C<OM';LNCCM;HHI''#0 ><S"SFF?MN?>?N;F#HHM<LO=E ¸ NSGIFIAC=;FC=NCIH;LSI@&;NCH;H>NB?INB?L#N;FC=&;HAO;A?M&?C>?HO; 0;CFF;HN¼&?MILCACH?M>OG>CIJ;MMC@½-& 0;H(IIN?H¼*îޣCHCºMNB?ILSI@P?L<;FG?;HCHA½ IOH>;NCIHMI@&;HAO;A? 0;H0;FCH,$L ¼-?G;HNC=J;L;G?N?LMI@MJFCNCHNL;HMCNCPCNS½ &;HAO;A? ¸ ?> >P;H=?M CH ,IF? ;H> ,?@?L?H=? !L;GG;L GMN?L>;G Þ *BCF;>?F JBC; ¸ H#HNLI>O=NCIHNI-SHN;R;G<LC>A? 0;H0;FCH,$LÞ,$&;*IFF;-SHN;RMNLO=NOL?G?;HCHA;H>@OH=NCIH ;G<LC>A? 0;H0;FCH,$LÞ*1CFECHM¼.B?;M?@IL¹@@?=NILº;M?,IF?MA H?NM;H>A?H=S,?PCM?>½CH-BC<;N;HCÞ.BIGJMIH 0?E?L>C$¼)HJIFSGILJBC=JL?M?HNMCHNB?´AP?>;½)" CCCC<FCIAL;JBC? 0?F;HE;L " ´JYHGDPDÁ¿DOD0## #HNLI>O=NCIH ?P;H¬A;LC N?RN HAFCMB NL;HMF;NCIH=LCNC=;FHIN?MM?F?=NAFIMM;LS;H>NBL??CH>C=?MIG<;S ¸ ¼.B? ´AP?>C= ILCACH I@ NB? MNILS I@ (;=CE?N;M 5,072½ CH 'F;HA?M ,?HIO ¸ .B? @C@NB G;;ݩޣF; I@ NB? ᢛA0?>; QCNB HAFCMB NL;HMF;NCIH ;H> =LCNC=;F HIN?M><S-!'IAB??FBC 0?HE;N;MO<<C;B¼)H#H>L;ºMQCHHCHAI@=IQM;H>Q;N?LM½ 4'! 1;=E?LH;A?F $ 1 ¼'CMT?FF?H TOL ALC?=BCM=B?H !L;GG;NCE 57½ %4 5%-#7 ¸¼,?G;LKO?MMOLF;JF;=?>OM;HM=LCN>;HMF;FCHAOCMNCKO?GI>?LH?½CH =N?M >O G?IHALM #HN?LH;NCIH;F >?M )LC?HN;FCMN?M -?MMCIH >? !?HP? &?C>? 5%-###7 ¸ ¼<?L?>?ONOHAMP?LM=BC?<OHA>?L0?L<;FEIGJIMCNCIH½ (!! 5%-#7 ¸ ¼1ILNOG@;HAOH>1ILN@ILG½(!! 5%-#7 ¸ ¼#H>CM=B?MOH>#N;FCM=B?M½%4 5%-# 7 ¸¼#H>ICL;HCM=B?M½-<*1$A 5%-# 7 ¸¼%F?CH??CNLA?TOLCH>CM=B?H1ILNEOH>?½CH1CFFC<;F>%CL@?F"A ?C NLA? TOL &CN?L;NOLQCMM?HM=B;@N OH> !?CMN?MA?M=BC=BN? #H>C?HM ?MNA;<? "?LG;HH$;=I<CTOG!?<OLNMN;AIHH5%-#7 ¸¼#H>ICL;HC=;57½%4 5%-#7 ¸¼FNCH>CM=B?OH>GCNN?FCH>CM=B?'CMT?FF?H½-)-5%-# 7 ¸¼#H>ICL;HC=;57½%45%-# 7 ¸5%-7%F?CH?-=BLC@N?H.?CF?###!¡NNCHA?H ¸ 0ILF?MOHA?H §<?L -SHN;R GCN <?MIH>?L?L ?L§=EMC=BNCAOHA PIH !LC?=BCM=B &;N?CHCM=B OH> ?ONM=B LMN? ,?CB? O@F 5 O@F O@F 7 ;M?FO; 1;NECHM #H>IOLIJ?;H)LCACHMI@NB??FNC=0?L<#.B?-CAG;NC=ILCMN O<FCH ¸ ¼*L?FCGCH;LC?M NI NB? L?=IHMNLO=NCIH I@ #H>IOLIJ?;H M?HN?H=? MNLO=NOL?½ *LI=??>CHAM I@ NB? NB #HN?LH;NCIH;F IHAL?MM I@ &CHAOCMNC=M ;G<LC>A? ';MM><S"&OHN.B?";AO? ¸ #H>IA?LG;HCM=B? !L;GG;NCE ### ILG?HF?BL? !?M=BC=BN? >?L CH>IA?L G;HCM=B?H0?L<;F@F?RCIH"?C>?F<?LA ¸¼"CNNCN?;H>#H>IOLIJ?;H-NO>C?M.B?>?HIGCH;NCP?MN;NCP?MCH Ā½ .*- ¸ ¼.IQ;L>M *LINI#H>IOLIJ?;H -SHN;R JLI<F?GM ;H> JM?O>IJLI<F?GM½ *;J?LM @LIG NB? *;L;M?MMCIH IH C;=BLIHC= -SHN;R > <S - -N??P?LM ?N ;F BC=;AI ¸ "IQNI%CFF;L;AIHMJ?=NMI@#H>IOLIJ?;H*I?NC=M(?Q3ILEÞ)R @IL> 1?<?L¼LMN?MO=B>?MNB;LP;P?>;½#H>-N ¸/?<?L>C?'?NLCE>?L#H>?L?LFCH#H>-N ¸5#-NL7#H>CM=B?-NL?C@?H>####?LFCH>###&?CJTCA> ### C?C;NB?M?HENCPPM'?>COGOH>>C?0?L<M?G;HNCECG0?>CM=B?H>?L´JYHGD6DÈKLW¬ ¸;¼4Q?CN?MO=B>?MNB;LP;-;ÈBCN½#H>-N ¸¼LCNN?MO=B>?MNB;LP;-;ÈBCN½#H>-N ¸0?LT?C=BHCMM>?L-;HMELCNOH>*LELͶCN";H>M=BLC@N?H>?L%¡HCAFC=B?HC<FCI NB?ETO?LFCH><NB?LFCH ¸¼0?>CM=B??CNLA?;M;=BNT?BHN?O=B>?LNB;LP;M;ÈBCN½ -<*1 $A ¸ ¼0?>CM=B? ?CNLA? ;M ;=BNT?BHN? O=B >?L NB;LP;M;ÈBCN ILN M?NTOHAOH>-=BFOMM½-<*1$A ¸;¼0C?LN?MO=B>?MNB;LP;-;ÈBCN½#H>-N ¸<¼ §H@N?MO=B>?MNB;LP;-;ÈBCN½#H>-N 1?<?LLIM;G?L HH;G /HN?LMO=BOHA?H TOL ?>?ONOHA >?M MM?HM OH> >?L-J?CM?CGP?>CM=B?H,CNO;F,B?CH@?F>?H 1?FE? % 0;F?HTAL;GG;NCE >?M ?ONM=B?H CH? CH@§BLOHA ?LFCH Þ (?Q 3ILE 1?HH?L<?LA C?;FNCH>CM=B?H(IGCH;FMO@@CR? G;H OH> CG;H CH BCMNILCM=B EIGJ;L;NCP?L?F?O=BNOHA#1ILN;H;FSNCM=B?L.?CF1¡LN?L<O=B!¡N?<ILA 1?CMM ' )ONFCH? I@ NB? "CMNILC=;F ;H> IGJ;L;NCP? !L;GG;L I@ &;NCH HH L<ILÞ(?Q3ILE 1?HT?F"/?<?L>?H#HMNLOG?HN;FCMCG,CAP?>;.§<CHA?H 1?L<;B"0?L<;#H>I;LC=;>C?JLCGL?HOH>M?EOH>L?H1OLT?FH>?L-;H MELCN-JL;=B?*;LM#,;>C=?M*LCG;LC;?1C?H 1?TF?L¼?L.I>;FM'CNN?F>?LHNM§BHOHAA?G>?G'KDUPDìVWUD½CH ! )<?LB;GG?L "A #G .I> A?QCHHN >?L '?HM=B M?CH -?F<MN ;M *BHIG?H >?M .I>?M CH ;MC;NCM=B?L OH> ;<?H>FH>CM=B?L ,?FCACIHMNL;>CNCIH L<?CNM>IEOG?HN;NCIH?CH?M-SGJIMCIHM1C?H 1B;F?S & $ #HNLI>O=NCIH NI .SJIFIAS .B? OHCNS ;H> >CP?LMCNS I@ F;HAO;A? .BI;M?>);EMO; 1BCNH?S1 #H>?RP?L<ILOGNINB?JO<FCMB?>N?RNI@NB?NB;LP;0?>;(?Q ";P?H ¸ ; ¼(OG?LC=;F L?MOFNM @LIG CH>?R?M I@ -;HMELCN N?HM? ;H> =IHDOA;NCIHMN?GM *L)-';S5$)-7RRRCCRRRP ¸ < 1BCNH?S ,IINM .B? LIINM P?L<@ILGM ;H> JLCG;LS >?LCP;NCP?M I@ NB? -;HMELCNF;HAO;A?&?CJTCA ¸-;HMELCNAL;GG;LH>?>;G<LC>A?';MM 1BCNH?S 1 B , &;HG;H 1BCNH?S 0 NB;LP;0?>; -;ޟBCNî .L;HMF;N?>CHNIHAFCMBQCNB=LCNC=;FHIN?M;H>?R?A?NC=;F=IGG?HN;LS<S1CF FC;G QCABN 1BCNH?S ,?PCM?> ;H> ?>CN?> <S B;LF?M ,I=EQ?FF &;HG;H PIFM;G<LC>A?';MM 1CHN?LHCNT'%F?CH?-=BLC@N?H.?CF?-NONNA;LN 1CMNL;H><?L>;M*;MMCPOG!¡N?<ILA 1CNNA?HMN?CH&*BCFIMIJBCM=B?/HN?LMO=BOHA?H(;=B>LO=E L;HE@OLN 1CNT?F'¼-OLF?=B?GCH>O=C?F½# ¸¼)HNB?FI=;FCM;NCIHI@0?>C=N?RNM;H>M=BIIFM';N?LC;FMIH0?>C=ń;EB;M ½#H>C;;H>NB?H=C?HNQILF>"CMNILS.L;>?;H>OFNOL?<?@IL? *"&AA?LGIHN$O<CF??0IFOG?><S!*IFF?N&?OP?H ¸¼.L;=CHANB?0?>C=>C;F?=NM½C;F?=N?M>;HMF?MFCNN?L;NOL?MCH>I;LS?HH?M> IF?NN?;CFF;N*;LCM CCCC<FCIAL;JBC? ¸¼(IN?MIH0?>C=>C;F?=NM½ 4CH<OHHH;FMI@NB?#HMNCNON?@IL,?M?;L=BCH "OG;HCNC?M%SINI/HCP?LMCNS ¸;¼;LFS#H>C;HBCMNILS&CHAOCMNC=;H>N?RNO;FJ;L;G?N?LM½ .B?#H>ILS;HM I@H=C?HN-IONBMC;><S!L>IMS?LFCHÞ(?Q3ILE ¸ < ¼ᢛAP?>C= BCMNILS JI?NM =BC?@N;CHM ;H> JIFCNC?M½ .B? #H>ILS;HM I@ H =C?HN-IONBMC;><S!L>IMS?LFCHÞ(?Q3ILE ¸¼.B??P?FIJG?HNI@NB?0?>C=;HIH;H>CNM-=BIIFM.B?-I=C;F;H>*IFCNC =;F'CFC?O';N?LC;FMIH0?>C=ń;EB;M½#HMC>?NB?.?RNM?SIH>NB?.?RNM ><S'1CNT?F;G<LC>A?';MM 1IF@;LN"¼"IQG;HSI<PC;NCP?M-?HM?;H>L?@?L?H=?CH;L??P?L<;FJ;L; >CAG½ &CHAOCMNC= MNO>C?M I@ H;NCP? ;H;>; > <S IIE Þ $ %;S? 0;H=IOP?L 1IF@;LN"Þ$ ;LLIFF'??NL??JL;=NC=;FAOC>?NINB?L??F;HAO;A? 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