海洋生態系の変化の評価・データベース化

CoFRaM
Potential needs of marine-related
data and information for the fishery
resources management
Hiroyuki Matsuda
(Yokohama National University)
20min
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Topics
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CoFRaM
GEO-BON, CoML/OBIS
Database for Fisheries Resources
Lessons from “Fishing Down” Theory
Contribution for CBD/Biodiversity
2
Major international organizations/programs
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CoFRaM
CBD（Convention on Biological Diversity)
DIVERSITAS
GEO（Group on Earth Observation）
3
Biodiversity science-policy interface
by A. Larigauderie
Research
Assessment
(DIVERSITAS, ESSP)
(MA, IPBES, IPCC)
Observations
(GEO BON)
CoFRaM
Policy
(CBD, UNFCCC)
4
The 1st JｰBON Workshop
2009.5.8-10 U. of Tokyo
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CoFRaM
Opening Remarks by Yahara, Nakashizuka
Forest ecosystems by Okabe
Agricultural farms, grasslands by Yamamoto
Lakes by Takamura
Rivers by Shimatani
Marines by Matsuda
ESABII, islands by Itoh
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Census of Marine Life (CoML)
白山義久氏・藤倉克則氏
CoFRaM
17 million Records
104,000 species
Japanese waters is the
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Richest biodiversity!
Topics
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CoFRaM
GEO-BON, CoML/OBIS
Database for Fisheries Resources
Lessons from “Fishing Down” Theory
Contribution for CBD/Biodiversity
7
仲岡雅裕氏
Monitoring Sites 1000
CoFRaM
by Japanese Ministry of Environment
 Network of shore, tidal flat, seagrass beds, seaweed landscapes
 Survey design of a variety of climate types
 Build testable hypothesis for climate change and other global
environmental issues.
shore
Seagrass bed
Tidal flat
seaweed
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サンゴ礁分布図
Satelite-based
Coral reef mapping
Green：50-100 %
Yellow：5-50 %
Pink：<5 %
ICRI East Asia Regional Workshop (2008)
山野博哉氏
CoFRaM
9
風呂田利夫氏
PICES Database for exotic species
CoFRaM
http://www.pices.int/members/working_groups/wg21.aspx
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http://www.fishbase.org/search.php
FISHBASE
CoFRaM
Coordinator:
Rainer Froese
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Database of Japanese fisheries
CoFRaM
http://abchan.job.affrc.go.jp/index1.html
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http://kokushi.job.affrc.go.jp/index-2.html
http://home.att.ne.jp/grape/shindo/FAOPlus.htm
FAO FISHSTAT
CoFRaM
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Vessel Monitoring System (VMS)
CoFRaM
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多田邦尚氏
Prefectural fisheries stations in the inland sea
collected long-term data of phytoplankton
CoFRaM
播磨灘（兵庫県・香川県・香川大学）のデータ紹介
Hyogo Pref.
Kagawa Pref.
Kagawa Univ.
15
多田邦尚氏
Long-term data of phytoplankton
CoFRaM
• Setonaikai Inland Sea was called “dying sea” in 1970s
• Law of Setouchi was enforced to improve water
quality, and resulted in …
• Frequency of red tides decreased by 67%
• Decreased eutrophication but fisheries products
瀬戸内法施行
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Red tide frequency in Setonaikai Inland Sea（Japanese Fisheries Agency）
杉崎宏哉(中央水研)
Zooplanktons in Japanese waters
CoFRaM
Monitroing
budget is
endangered!
Observation stations during 19501990 (ca.17,000 stations)
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杉崎宏哉(中央水研)
CoFRaM
Change of biomasss of zooplanktons in the western Pacific
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
low
HIGH
low
HIGH
0
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55
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58
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61
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64
19
67
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70
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73
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76
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79
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82
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85
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88
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91
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94
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97
20
00
20
03
Zooplankton biomass（mgWW/m3)
400
Odate(1994)を加筆・改訂
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Topics
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CoFRaM
GEO-BON, CoML/OBIS
Database for Fisheries Resources
Lessons from “Fishing Down” Theory
Contribution for CBD/Biodiversity
19
漁業崩落 Fishing down (MA 2005)
CoFRaM
?
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Mean trophic levels of fisheries products
＝FAO FISHSTAT ＋ FISHBASE
It does not mean indicator of overfishing
Japanese MTL is high
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Catch and mean trophic level in Japan
CoFRaM
(Matsuda et al. 2010 Ecol Res)
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Criticism to Fishing Down theory
CoFRaM
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…mean trophic level (MTL) from catches … underpins
reported trends in human impacts, declining when predators
collapse ("fishing down marine food webs") and when lowtrophic-level fisheries expand ("fishing through marine food
webs"). The assumption is that catch MTL measures changes
in ecosystem MTL and biodiversity. Here we combine model
predictions with global assessments of MTL from catches,
trawl surveys and fisheries stock assessments and find that
catch MTL does not reliably predict changes in marine
ecosystems. Instead, catch MTL trends often diverge from
ecosystem MTL trends obtained from surveys and
assessments. …To detect fishing impacts on marine
biodiversity, we recommend greater efforts to measure true
abundance trends for marine species, especially those most
vulnerable to fishing.
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Japan Satoyama Satoumi Assessment
by IAS-UN Univ.
CoFRaM
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Conclusion
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CoFRaM
Huge data from Fishing Vessel Monitoring
Systems (VMS) are compiled;
Biological database (FISHBASE, OBIS…) are
useful, combined with…
Global and Japanese catch statistics data
(FISHSTAT, ) , and
Mathematical analysis and good idea!
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