Part of Speech

Auxiliary Verbs
Grammar and Vocabulary Ⅰ
July 15, 2011
What was your first
semester at university like?
What was your first week at
university like?
 http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/l
earningenglish/general/expresseng
lish/2011/07/110707_ee_university.s
html

It was exciting because they had a
new life ahead of them.
 It was good to feel independent
and free.
 Getting acquainted with new
people was great.
 For some people it was a bit scary!

Auxiliary Verbs （助動詞）



The verbs be, have and do when they are
used with a main verb to form questions,
negatives, tenses, passive forms, etc.
Modal verbs are also auxiliary verbs.
A group of verbs (can, could, dare, may,
might, must, need, ought to, shall,
should, will, would, used to) that give
information about such things as
possibility, necessity, and obligation.

Oxford English Dictionary

a verb used in forming the tenses,
moods, and voices of other verbs.
The primary auxiliary verbs in English
are be, do, and have; the modal
auxiliaries are can, could, may,
might, must, shall, should, will, and
would.
will
認識的
意味
義務的
意味
may
蓋然性・
可能性
予測
意志
許可
can
可能性
能力・許
可
must 視点
必然性
話者
義務
文の
主語
You may disturb us. ＝ It is possible that you'll
disturb us.
You may disturb us. ＝ You are allowed to
disturb us.
認識的
意味
義務的
意味
will
may
～だろう
～かも
しれな
い
ありうる
～にち
がいな
い
話者
～して
もよい
しなけ
～できるればな
らない
文の
主語
～するつ
もりだ
can
must 視点
Exercise 2 (pp.40-41)
(1) My father (teach / teaches /
teaching) Korean in Yokohama.
(2) “(Would / Does / Are) you like
something to drink?” – “Yes, I (would
/ does / am).
(3) “(Do / Does / Did) you go to school
yesterday?” -- “Yes, we (do / does /
did).”
(4) “(Do / Does / Is) he live in Tokyo?” -“No, he (don’t / doesn’t / isn’t).”
(5) You (may / can / must) be careful
when you go abroad.
(6) “(Shall / Will / Can) I open the
window?” – “Yes, (please / do / shall).
(7) “(Must / Shall / May) I come in?” –
“Yes, you (must / shall / may).”
(8) “Shall (we / you / they) go to the
party?” – “Yes, (Iet’s / shall / will).”
BBC GRAMMAR CHALLENGE

Must / mustn’t

“Must is a word that is used to talk
about an obligation, something you
have to do, like following a law or a
rule. In this programme we look at
how to use this word and its negative
form, mustn't.”

http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learni
ngenglish/radio/specials/1435_gramchall
enge19/

Practice Quiz 1


Match the beginnings of the sentences to the
correct endings by dragging the arrows.
Click 'check' to check the quiz. If you have
made some mistakes, click 'try again'!
Practice Quiz 2

For each of the six questions click on the
correct answer to complete the sentences.
When you have selected the correct answer,
click on the 'next' button to go to the next
question.
Answers to Quiz 1
1 ⇒ d. Don't tell anyone. You must keep it a secret.
2 ⇒ f. Ssh! It's an exam. You mustn't talk.
3 ⇒ h. I haven't been to the dentist in ages. I must go
and have a check-up soon.
4 ⇒ c. If you know anything about the robbery, you must
go to the police.
5 ⇒ a. If you want to visit the USA, you must have the
right visa.
6 ⇒ e. We want the party to be a surprise for her. You
mustn't tell her about it.
7 ⇒ g. It's the doctor's orders. You must stay in bed until
you're better.
8 ⇒ b. When you next see your brother, you mustn't
forget to give him my best.
Conversation Practice 1
 They


Really Can’t Decide
Pay attention to the usage of “might”
This practice requires your fertile
imagination ^^
Model Dialogue 1
A: When are you going to clean your
apartment?
B: I don’t know. I might clean it today,
or I might clean it next Saturday. I
really can’t decide.
Model Dialogue 2
A: Where are you going to go for your
vacation?
B: We don’t know. We might go to
Mexico, or we might go to Japan.
We really can’t decide.
1
A: What is he going to cook tonight?
 B: I don’t know. He might cook
curry, or he might cook beef stew.
He really can’t decide.

Conversation Practice 2
 Bicycles
Are Safer Than
Motorcycles


Pay attention to the usage of “should”
You can review comparative
expressions
Model Dialogue 1
A: Should I buy a bicycle or a
motorcycle?
B: I think you should buy a bicycle.
A: Why?*
B: Bicycles are safer than motorcycles.
Model Dialogue 2
A: Should he study English or Latin?
B: I think he should study English.
A: Why?*
B: English is more useful than Latin.
Why?
 Why do you say that?
 What makes you say that?
 How come?

Exercise 3
(1) もっと犬の面倒を見た方がいいですよ
You [more dog take care of had better
your].
(2) 私は来年留学しようと思います。
I [next year study abroad am going to].
(3) スーザンは入り口で身分証明書を提示し
なければならなかった。
Suzan [gate at ID show had to her the].
(1) もっと犬の面倒を見た方がいいですよ
You had better take more care of your
dog.
(2) 私は来年留学しようと思います。
I am going to study abroad next year.
(3) スーザンは入り口で身分証明書を提示し
なければならなかった。
Suzan had to show her ID at the gate.
*ID = identity card
(4) あなたはそれをしない方が良いかもしれま
せんね。
It [you it do not may better be for to].
(5) 塩を取っていただけませんか。
Would [salt pass me the you]?
(6) あなたは支払いをする必要はありません
よ。
You [pay for it need not].
(4) あなたはそれをしない方が良いかもしれま
せんね。
It may be better for you not to do it.
(5) 塩を取っていただけませんか。
Would you pass me the salt?
(6) あなたは支払いをする必要はありません
よ。
You need not pay for it.
(7) 私はその授業に出席する必要はなかった。
I [class attend have to didn’t the].
(8) ジェニーは耳を澄ませたが、なんの音も聞
こえなかった。
Jenny [listened but any sound hear
could not to].
(7) 私はその授業に出席する必要はなかった。
I didn’t have to attend the class.
(8) ジェニーは耳を澄ませたが、なんの音も聞
こえなかった。
Jenny listened to, but could not hear
any sound.
BBC GRAMMAR CHALLENGE

Have to / don’t have to

“Sometimes in life there are obligations or
rules. There are things which you do not
have a choice in, like wearing a uniform at
school, for example. One structure we use
to talk about these rules is have to. This
programme is all about have to and its
negative form, don't have to. Don't have
to is used when there is no obligation to do
something.”
http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learni
ngenglish/radio/specials/1425_gramchall
enge18/


Practice Quiz 1


Match the beginnings of the sentences to the
correct endings by dragging the arrows.
Click 'check' to check the quiz. If you have
made some mistakes, click 'try again'!
Practice Quiz 2

In each question there is a sentence which
has 5 words missing. Drag and drop the
correct words from each list to complete the
sentences. Be careful, for each question
there are two words which are not used.
各自で学習しておいてください
 第８章
 問題２
 問題３
 問題４
Chapter 8 Answer Keys
2.
(1) well, (2) big, (3) less populous
(4) brighter, (5) faster, (6) the largest
(7) the shortest, (8) the better
3.
(1) Germany is as large as Japan.
(2) Time is as important as money.
(3) Truth is stranger than fiction.
(4) Gold is much more precious than
silver.
(5) Reading books is more useful for
students than watching television.
(6) Chinese is easier for Japanese to
study.
(7) Switzerland is one of the richest
countries in the world.
(8) Picasso is the most famous of the
twentieth century painters.
4.
(1) The earth is larger than the moon.
(2) Kabuki is not as formal as Noh.
(3) San Marino is older than any other
republic in the world.
(4) Giraffes are the tallest of all animals.
前期末試験などについて

2011年7月19日（火）



2011月7月26日（火）英語統一試験（G-TELP）




Oral Communication Ⅰ
ＡＢ，ＣＤそれぞれ合同で
ＡＢクラス…いつも通りＣＡＬＬ教室集合
ＣＤクラス…12:30着席完了、12:45 試験開始
ＣＤクラスの教室はＬ２０１です！！
2011年7月29日（金）


Grammar and Vocabulary Ⅰ
ＡＢ，ＣＤそれぞれ合同で
When you wish upon a star
Make no difference who you are
Anything your heart desires
Will come to you

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