Finland is a model for Japan to be a good place

WORKING MOTHERS
IN FINLAND
: A MODEL FOR JAPAN
OR NOT?
HARUKA MATSUOKA
INTRODUCTION
FINLAND
‣Finland
Fig2. Map of Finland
Size of land: 338,000 ㎢
Population: 5,430,000
Capital: Helsinki
Official languages:
Finnish & Swedish
Letters from Santa Claus(2013)
The current situation of working women in Japan
‣ Fig1 . Women’s Labor Force Participation Rate by Age Series
Source: Gender Equal Bureau Cabinet Office (2011)
‣Gender Gap Index(2013)
Source: Yomiuri shimbun (2013)
‣Fig.2 Women’s Labor Force Participation Rate in Japan and Finland
Source: The Japan Institute for Labour Policy and Training(2009:13)
‣Fig.3 Changes of the Total Fertility Rate in Finland and
Japan
Source: Takahashi, Tamminen, Watanabe(2009:46)
OUTLINE
1.Introduction
2.Defining terms
3.Evidences for a model
4.Evidences for not a model
5.Analysis
6.Conclusion
DEFINING TERMS
Model
＝a thing used as an example to follow
or imitate
(Oxford Dictionary:2013)
Working mothers
＝mothers who have full-time jobs
‣The question is…
⇒Is the social system of Finland
an ideal one for full-time working mothers
to cope with continuing their careers
and bringing up their children
which Japan can take for a model?
OUTLINE
1.Introduction
2.Defining terms
3.Evidences for a model
4.Evidences for not a model
5.Analysis
6.Conclusion
EVIDENCES FOR A MODEL
3.1 Government support
3.2 Consciousness of Finns
3.3 Short working hours
3.1 Government support
Table1. Finnish Leave in Relation etc.
Maternity leave
The duration
The allowance
105 working days
→90%
(The first 56 working
days)
→70-75%
(the rest of that)
Parental leave
158 working days
70-75%
Paternity leave
58 working days
70-75%
Source: Mikko(2013:28-30)
ネウボラ
育児パッケージ
A model
＝a thing used as an example
to follow or imitate
3.2 Consciousness of Finns
Table2. Finnish Leave in Relation etc. and the Usage Rate
Maternity leave
The duration
The allowance
The usage rate
105 working days
→90%(The first
56 working days)
All mothers
→70-75%(The
rest of that)
Parental leave
158 working days
70-75%
Almost all
mothers
23% of fathers
used partly(2010)
Paternity leave
58 working days
70-75%
80% of fathers
Source: Mikko(2013:28-30)
Fig4. Daily Housework Carried out by Men and Women in Finland
A model
＝a thing used as an example
to follow or imitate
Source: 女性と仕事の未来館(2006:55)
3.3 Short working hours
‣The average annual working time (2012)
Finland: 1672 hours
(OECD 2013a)
Japan: 1745 hours ＋？？？
A model
＝a thing used as an example
(OECD 2013b)
to follow or imitate
OUTLINE
1.Introduction
2.Defining terms
3.Evidences for a model
4.Evidences for not a model
5.Analysis
6.Conclusion
EVIDENCES FOR NOT A MODEL
4.1 The demerit of “big government”
4.2 The high divorce rate
4.3 The gender gap
in the type of occupation
4.1 The demerit of “big government”
‣The high consumption tax
A tax on value added is 23%!
(Zenkoku Kanzeikai Sorengokai 2012)
‣too intrusive social security system
a to
model
“From Not
cradle
grave!”
4.2 The high divorce rate
‣Finnish divorce rate:
about 50%(2012)
(Statistics Finland 2013)
Not a model
4.3 The gender gap in the type of occupation
Fig5: The proportion of employees classified by industry groups in gender in Finland
Source: Hashimoto(2006:43)
Fig6: Gender wage gap (2006)
Source: Gender Equal Bureau Cabinet Office(2010)
Fig7: Gender wage Gap (2000-2010)
Not a model
Source: OECD(2013c:1)
OUTLINE
1.Introduction
2.Defining terms
3.Evidences for a model
4.Evidences for not a model
5.Analysis
6.Conclusion
ANALYSIS
3.1 Government support
3.2 Consciousness of Finns
3.3 Short working hours
4.1 The demerit of “big government”
4.2 The high divorce rate
4.3 The gender gap
in the type of occupation
3.1Government support
Table3. Finnish Leave in Relation etc.
Maternity
leave
The
duration
The
allowance
105
working
days
→90%
(The first
56 working
days)
→70-75%
(the rest of
that)
Parental
leave
158
working
days
70-75%
Paternity
leave
58 working 70-75%
days
Table4. Japanese Leave in Relation etc.
The duration The
allowance
Maternity
However, 14 weeks
leave
2/3
there are many other
Childcare
1.5 years
50%
services
to
support
leave
mothers
keeping their
(for
both
mother
jobs and
Japan don’t have.
father)
Source: Asahi Shimbun(2013);
Nikkei Shimbun(2013)
Not so different!!
Source: Mikko(2013:28-30)
3.2 Consciousness of Finns
Fig8. Worker’s Opinion about the Reaction of Workplace to Using Leaves in Finland
Source: Hashimoto(2006:40)
Fig9. Daily Housework Carried out by Men and Women in Finland
Source: 女性と仕事の未来館(2006:55)
3.3 Short working hours
Fig. 10 Proportion of Long Time workers(2010)
Source: 社会実情データ図録(2013)
Fig11. 継続就業のために会社に希望すること（複数回答）(平成１６年）
(in Japan)
Source: The Japan Institute for Labour Policy and Training(2009:13)
4.1 The demerit of “big government”
TAX
⇒Various social services
⇒Creating the equality
4.2 The high divorce rate
‣The values about marriage and divorce
Fig.12 Type of Family in Finland
Source: Hashimoto(2006:36)
4.3 The gender gap in the type of occupation
Table3. Number and Proportion of Director in 100 Finnish Biggest Companies
Source: 女性と仕事の未来館(2006:54)
OUTLINE
1.Introduction
2.Defining terms
3.Evidences for a model
4.Evidences for not a model
5.Analysis
6.Conclusion
CONCLUSION
NOT A MODEL
A MODEL
 3.1 Government support
★★
 3.2 Consciousness of
Working mothers
Finns
 4.1 demerit of “big
government”
★
4.2 High divorce rate
in Finland
can★★
be a model for Japan!! ★
 3.3 Short working hours
★★★
 4.3 Gender gap in the
type of occupation
★★★
THANK YOU FOR
LISTENING

Download Report