2003年イラン・バム地震 地震被害調査 Y. Hisada (Kogakuin Univ.) A. Shibayama (Kogakuin Univ.) with collaboration of IIEES (G. Reza Nouri and Masard M. Ahari) イラン・バム地震調査団 文部科学省突発災害調査研究・調査団 （代表：九州大学 鈴木貞臣教授） 日本建築学会調査団 （団長：東北大学大学 源栄正人教授） 日本地震工学会調査団 （団長：東京大学 小長井一男教授） 土木学会調査団（団長：金沢大学 宮島昌克教授） 調査日程 → 2004年２月２３日～３月４日 概要 震源近傍の地震動特性と被害 各種構造の被害調査 衛星携帯とWeb GISによる即時被害情報伝達 イラン 地図 Tehran Kerman Bam イランの人口と地震危険度マップ バム周辺の地震活動 2003 12/26 Bam Earthquake (Mw6.6) http://www.iiees.ac.ir/English/Bam_report_english_seismicity.html イラン・バム地震 （2003年12月２６日 5:26 AM） M6.6(d=10km) 被害概要(OCHA資料) ・総死者数：約43,200人。 ・バム市内を中心として 10kmの範囲が被害を 受け、旧市街では80－ 100％、新市街では 60％の建物が倒壊。 Bam地震の震源モデル（Yagi Model） 2003 12/26 Bam Earthquake (Mw6.6) 右横ずれ断層 断層破壊 は南へ？ http://www.iiees.ac.ir/English/Bam_report_english_seismicity.html Bam市での調査地域（強震・余震観測 点） 強震記録（Bam Governor's Office） 速度波形 加速度波形 計測震度：6.1 強震記録（Bam Governor's Office） 加速度応答スペクトル 速度応答スペクトル Bam Governor's Office MSK/EMS98による建物の脆弱性クラス (from European Macroseismic Scale 1998, Ed. G. Grunthal) → Adobe, Simple Masonry, Masonry with Steel Frame Masonry with RC Frame, RC Frame, Steel Frame Bamの非工学的建築 ：アドベ（日干し煉瓦＋粘土モルタ ル） Adobe (Class A) Bamの非工学的建築 ：非補強組石造（セメントモルタル） Simple Masonry (Class B) Bamの非工学的建築 ：鉄骨補強組石造 Masonry with Steel Frame (Class C) Bamの非工学的建築 ：RC強組石造 Masonry with RC Frame (Class D) MSK/EMS98による建物被害グレード G1 G2 G3 G4 G5 MSK/EMS98による建物の脆弱性クラス、 被害グレードと震度の関係 a few : about 0 – 20 % many: about 20 – 60 % most: about 60 – 100 % ⅩⅠ バム市における強震・余震観測点 Arge Bam Station No.1 Station No.3 Station No.4 Station No.2 Station No.5 Station No.7 Main Shock Station Satellite Image (Kosugi Lab, TIT) Station No.6 Station No.8 Satellite Image before and after the Earthquake Station No.2 Station No.2 Before After 住宅地図として使用 Station No.2 Estimated Damage Buildings (Kosugi Lab., TIT) Aftershock Station No.1 (５１) :Residential area with many old buildings Investigated Area Station No.1 → MSK/EMS98 Intensity Ⅹ～ⅩⅠ Aftershock Station No.1 (５１) :Residential area with many old buildings Station No.1 (Total 51) Investigated Area Station No.1 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 adobe simple masonry masonry with steel frame Station No.1 (Total 51) masonry with RC frame G5 steel frame G4 G3 G2 RC frame G1 100% 80% 60% 40% → MSK/EMS98 Intensity Ⅹ～ⅩⅠ 20% 0% adobe simple masonry masonry with steel frame masonry with RC frame steel frame RC frame Aftershock Station No.2 (２８１) :Commercial area with many old buildings Investigated Area Station No.2 → MSK/EMS98 Intensity Ⅹ～ⅩⅠ Aftershock Station No.2 (２８１) :Commercial area with many old buildings Station No.2 (Total 281) 120 Investigated Area 100 80 60 40 20 0 adobe simple masonry masonry with steel frame Station No.2 (Total 281) Station No.2 masonry with RC frame G5 G4 steel frame RC frame G3 G2 G1 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% → MSK/EMS98 Intensity Ⅹ～ⅩⅠ 0% adobe simple masonry masonry with steel frame masonry with RC frame steel frame RC frame 震源近傍の強震動 の特性 西 Aftershock Station No.3 (９７) :Residential Area with new buildings Investigated Area Station No.3 → MSK/EMS98 Intensity Ⅸ Aftershock Station No.3 (９７) :Residential Area with new buildings Station No.3 (Total 97) 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Investigated Area adobe Station No.3 simple masonry masonry with steel frame Station No.3 (Total 98) masonry with RC frame G5 G4 steel frame RC frame G3 G1 G2 100% 80% 60% → MSK/EMS98 Intensity Ⅸ 40% 20% 0% adobe simple masonry masonry with steel frame masonry with RC frame steel frame RC frame Aftershock Station No.4 (５４) : Residential area with old buildings Investigated Area Station No.4 → MSK/EMS98 Intensity Ⅹ Aftershock Station No.4 (５４) : Residential area with old buildings Station No.4 (Total 54) Investigated Area 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 adobe simple masonry masonry with steel frame G5 Station No.4 (Total 54) Station No.4 masonry with RC frame G4 steel frame G3 G2 RC frame G1 100% 80% 60% 40% → MSK/EMS98 Intensity Ⅹ 20% 0% adobe simple masonry masonry with steel frame masonry with RC frame steel frame RC frame Aftershock Station No.5 (８０) : Residential area with old buildings Station No.5 Investigated Area → MSK/EMS98 Intensity Ⅹ～ⅩⅠ Aftershock Station No.5 (８０) : Residential area with old buildings Station No.5 (Total 80) 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 adobe Station No.5 simple masonry masonry with steel frame Station No.5 (Total 80) masonry with RC frame G5 G4 steel frame RC frame G3 G1 G2 100% Investigated Area 80% 60% 40% → MSK/EMS98 Intensity Ⅹ～ⅩⅠ 20% 0% adobe simple masonry masonry with steel frame masonry with RC frame steel frame RC frame Aftershock Station No.6 (７１) : south suburb with new buildings Investigated Area Station No.6 → MSK/EMS98 Intensity Ⅸ～Ⅹ Aftershock Station No.6 (７１) : south suburb with new buildings Station No.6 (Total 71) Investigated Area 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 adobe simple masonry masonry with steel frame Station No.6 (Total 71) Station No.6 → MSK/EMS98 Intensity Ⅸ～Ⅹ masonry with RC frame G5 G4 steel frame RC frame G3 G1 G2 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% adobe simple masonry masonry with steel frame masonry with RC frame steel frame RC frame Aftershock Station No.7 (９３) :Commercial area with many new buildings Investigated Area Station No.7 Main Shock Station → MSK/EMS98 Intensity Ⅸ～Ⅹ Aftershock Station No.7 (９３) :Commercial area with many new buildings Station No.7 (Total 93) Investigated Area 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 adobe simple masonry masonry with steel frame Station No.7 (Total 93) masonry with RC frame G5 G4 steel frame G3 G2 RC frame G1 100% 80% Station No.7 Main Shock Station 60% 40% 20% → MSK/EMS98 Intensity Ⅸ～Ⅹ 0% adobe simple masonry masonry with steel frame masonry with RC frame steel frame RC frame S造建物の被害 西 Aftershock Station No.8 (１１２) : Residential area with old buildings Station No.8 (Total 112) No.8 Station 1 1 1 1 1 1 (Feb. 29) M M 1 M 2 R C 2 1 1 M M 4 M 1 M 5 1 5 M 1 5 5 de M 1 M 5 1 M br 1515M M 5 M is M 5 5 4 4 1 4 M 1 1 M M 2 1 5 1 M1 3M 2 1 1 2 M 1 M M 1 5 4 de M 5 5 1 M br 3 1 A 5 is 1 2 1 2 1 M 5 MM MM M 4 4 S 3 S 4 1 1 1 M 1 M 5 1 M 5 M 1 5 M de 5 1 1 M 5 1 M 5 br M is 1 1 1 1 1 M M1 1 M M 2 1 M 5 41 M M 1 5 5 M M 1 5 5 5 M M de 5 4 M 41 1 1 13 br 5 1 MM isM M 1 3 3 3 4M N M5 4 5 Station No.8 M de 4 3 de 4 1 br A is 4 4 br 1 1 A A1 5 is 1 1 A 1 A 1 1 M M 1 1 Adobe 2 5 M A Village 1 1 M de M 1 4 br 3 S de is 1 M 1 5 M 2 15 2 br M M 1 is 1 13 1 1 St 1M 2 M WM.8 M M at M 3 de 4 3 er 51 3 To 3 br 1 w M er isM 4 4 2 3 → MSK/EMS98 Intensity Ⅹ M 1 1 1 de deS 1 1 M 1 1 M M br 1 br1 1M M 5 1 1 M M 4 5 is M 1 M de 4 5 is 1 M 1 M 4 5 1 br 1 1S 1M 4 4 M 5 M 1 1 M 3 A is M A 5 1 1 21 51 4 M M 1 4 5 4 5 MMM MM 3 4 A D 3 3 S3 4 at 4 3 e Tr ee s 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 adobe simple masonry masonry with steel frame Station No.8 (Total 112) masonry with RC frame G5 G4 steel frame RC frame G3 G2 G1 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% adobe simple masonry masonry with steel frame masonry with RC frame steel frame RC frame Total Data (８３９ Buildings) 500 450 G1 G2 G3 G4 G5 Total 839 400 Total 839 350 (negligible to slight damage) (moderate damage) (substantial to heavy damage) (very heavy damage) (destruction) 100% 300 250 80% 200 60% 150 40% 100 20% 50 0 adobe simple masonry masonry with steel frame masonry with RC frame steel moment frame RC moment frame 0% adobe Vulnerability Class: A → MSK/EMS98 Intensity Ⅹ steel simple masonry masonry masonry with steel with RC moment frame frame frame B C D E? RC moment frame D? 航空写真による推定被害分布 と本調査結果との比較 Station No.2 (281) Station No.4 (54) Station No.1 (51) 2% 0% 15% Station No.3 (98) 3% 10% 43% 20% 14% 30% 6% 52% G5 G4 13% G3 G2 G1 G5 G4 G3 G2 G1 13% G5 G4 G3 G2 G1 9% 56% 20% 0% 14% G5 G4 G3 G2 G1 8% 72% Sation No.5 (80) 1% 18% Station No.7 (93) 2% 11% 64% 6% 16% 30% 35% 17% G5 G4 G3 G2 G1 G5 G4 G3 G2 G1 Main Shock Station Sation No.6 (71) 4% 21% 25% 23% 27% G5 G4 G3 G2 G1 Station No.8 (112) 2% 7% 18% 44% 29% G5 G4 G3 G2 G1 伝統的文化建築の消滅？？ 衛星携帯とWeb GISによる即時 被害情報伝達システム Click http://sisasc.informatix.co.jp/iran Click http://sisasc.informatix.co.jp/iran Click Click http://sisasc.informatix.co.jp/iran まとめ 震源近傍の強震動特性（断層面直交成分の 卓越）と、それに起因する被害パターンが見 られた 地盤による被害や土木構造物の被害は殆ど 無く、建築物に被害が集中した 断層に近い市の東側で被害が大きく、西に行 くに従い被害が小さくなる 震度はMSK/EMS98で最大で１０～１１程度 まとめ 非工学的建築物の被害は、アドベ、単純組積、鉄骨 補強組積、RC補強組積の順に被害が低減される 工学的建築物（RC造、S造）は数が少ないものの、 非工学的建築物に比べると被害が小さい 但し、歴史上大きな地震が無い地域のため、水平 力に対する認識が低く、対策が著しく劣っている アドベなど耐震性に劣る地域の文化建築の保存に 要対策 衛星携帯とWeb GISによる即時被害情報伝達シス テムの有用性を確認 今後の研究予定 (Colloboration with IIEES) Estimation of the mainshock ground motions at the aftershock stations using the empirical Green function method. Estimation of fragility curves of various Iranian buildings (adobe～RC) using the damage data. Damage ratio G1 G5 50 100 150 Simple Masonry Vmax
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