Similes, Metaphors, Hyperboles, Personification, and Idioms (Literary Devices: Alliteration and Onomatopoeia) copyright 2012 Jane Kotinek Figurative language are the devices used by authors to create images in your mind. It is language that appeals to the five senses: smell, sound, taste, touch, and sight. The literal meaning is the real meaning. NO figurative language will be used in the literal meaning. They are the “juice” in the hamburger! Or The “squeak” in the mouse! copyright 2012 Jane Kotinek Figurative language makes the story come alive! “Wow. That is a pretty flower. I would like to pick it.” Better: “The flower gently swayed in the breeze as if it were motioning for us to admire it. Like children drawn to freshly baked cookies, we carefully made our way to the delicate symbol of love.” copyright 2012 Jane Kotinek Simile Metaphor Personification Idiom Hyperbole Onomatopoeia (literary device) Alliteration (literary device) copyright 2012 Jane Kotinek Do not worry. This will be as easy as 1,2,3! copyright 2012 Jane Kotinek Comparing two or more things using like or as. He is as quiet as a church mouse. She is like a ray of sunshine on a rainy day. copyright 2012 Jane Kotinek Let’s look at that again. He as Who or what (the object of the sentence) that is being compared. comparison quiet as a church mouse He is being compared to a church mouse. copyright 2012 Jane Kotinek What the object is being compared to. Let’s look at the second example. She like a ray of sunshine on a rainy day Who or what (the object of the sentence) that is being compared. comparison What the object is being compared to. She is like a ray of sunshine on a rainy day. copyright 2012 Jane Kotinek If the sentence has an “as” or a “like” in it, is it always a simile? NO! Remember, the simile MUST compare at least two things! copyright 2012 Jane Kotinek 1. He was like a turtle doing his homework. or 2. He does not like carrots for dinner. He was like a turtle doing his homework. Click me! copyright 2012 Jane Kotinek As I ran down the sidewalk I tripped and fell. or I am as pretty as a peach. I am as pretty as a peach. copyright 2012 Jane Kotinek Let’s practice. Identify the similes in the following sentences. Sally ran like a wild animal after she was scared by her brother. Tom was as angry as a black bear woken from it’s nap. copyright 2012 Jane Kotinek More practice with similes… You are as sweet as a double frosted cupcake! Trouble follows you like a new born pup to it’s mother. I’m so cold my fingers feel like icicles on a cold December morning. Hand out and complete practice worksheet before continuing PowerPoint. copyright 2012 Jane Kotinek copyright 2012 Jane Kotinek copyright 2012 Jane Kotinek The music played softly in my mind like a fallen leaf floating aimlessly on the placid lake. Identify the simile in the sentence. …like a fallen leaf floating aimlessly on the placid lake. Explain the image you see in your mind after reading the sentence. Your answer should include seeing a leaf gently floating on the top of a clear, calm lake. Put it together. What does the sentence mean? copyright 2012 Jane Kotinek The music played softly in my mind like a fallen leaf floating aimlessly on the placid lake. Discuss what you imagine the meaning of the sentence to be with your classmates. Also, what tone do you think the author is trying to convey. copyright 2012 Jane Kotinek The sun shone on the prairie like a hot iron scorching a new shirt. Sweat poured from my brow as I maneuvered the plow through the dirt that felt like molasses on a cold winter’s day. Gasping for a hot breath, I gazed upon my land like a thirsty man desperate for water, my bones already aching at the prospect of plowing the burnt soil tomorrow. This one is harder. Identify all of the similes in the paragraph. What is the author trying to convey to you? What emotions should you experience after reading the paragraph? Describe the farmer’s land. copyright 2012 Jane Kotinek 1. What are the similes used in the paragraph? like a hot iron scorching a new shirt like molasses on a cold winter’s day like a thirsty man desperate for water 2. Describe the conditions of the farm? There is probably a drought going on. The dirt is very tough to get through. The man is tired and hot. He is proud of his land, but he also understands there is a lot of work to be done. 3. What is the mood of this paragraph? Depressing, exhausting, tiring copyright 2012 Jane Kotinek “Oh, I am as nervous as a cat in the dog pound. Do you really think I look alright in this dress? I feel like a water balloon ready to burst! I would just hate to lose this dance competition. I heard the judge was meaner than a rattlesnake tied to a mongoose.” 1. What are the similes used in the quote? 2. What is the tone of the speaker in this quote? 3. What do you think the author is trying to convey to the reader? copyright 2012 Jane Kotinek Practice what you have learned by completing the Simile worksheet. copyright 2012 Jane Kotinek A metaphor is a figure of speech that makes a comparison between two unlike things without using the words like or as. Raul was an icicle when he came in from outside. Was he really an icicle? Raul?! copyright 2012 Jane Kotinek Remember, this is figurative language. You cannot take the meaning literally (for real). copyright 2012 Jane Kotinek Sally was a chicken when it came to mountain climbing. Was Sally really a chicken? What was the matter with Sally? She was afraid to climb a mountain. copyright 2012 Jane Kotinek The boiling soup cascaded over the edge of the pan. Why is this NOT an example of a metaphor? BUTTON There is nothing being compared. This is literally what is happening to the soup. copyright 2012 Jane Kotinek Maria was the internet on legs! Is this an example of a metaphor? YES! What does it mean? Maria is very smart. copyright 2012 Jane Kotinek Herbert’s mind was a maze filled with dead ends. ? Is this a metaphor? YES! copyright 2012 Jane Kotinek Complete the Metaphor worksheet that has been given to you. copyright 2012 Jane Kotinek Remember, the author uses figurative language in order to convey meaning and create an image in your mind without having to use a lot of boring words. copyright 2012 Jane Kotinek Jeff’s life had become a circus filled with pratfalls and clown suits. His luck couldn’t possibly get any worse, he thought. Unfortunately, that thought had barely escaped his jumbled mind as his foot, nestled in a new pair of leather dress shoes, settled into the river that had once been his front yard. Identify the metaphors used in the paragraph. become a circus filled with pratfalls and clown suits, settled into the river that had once been his front yard copyright 2012 Jane Kotinek Jeff’s life had become a circus filled with pratfalls and clown suits. His luck couldn’t possibly get any worse, he thought. Unfortunately, that thought had barely escaped his jumbled mind as his foot, nestled in a new pair of leather dress shoes, settled into the river that had once been his front yard. Jeff’s life was very chaotic and goofy. If something could go wrong; it did. copyright 2012 Jane Kotinek A prison sentence. That is what it felt like. Hours upon hours of reading and writing in ONE night. Oh, the pain, the injustice of it all. How do my teachers identify my Achilles heel so quickly? What are the examples of metaphors in the above example? Prison sentence and Achilles heels What is the tone of the paragraph? Resentful, upset, angry copyright 2012 Jane Kotinek Complete the Metaphor worksheet. copyright 2012 Jane Kotinek Giving a non-human characteristics usually associated with people. ? copyright 2012 Jane Kotinek It’s actually easier than you think! Say a regular bird (like me) were to start talking to you while you were walking to school. If you told anybody about it, they would think you were crazy? Right? copyright 2012 Jane Kotinek Personification does not apply to speaking only. Humans are able to do all kinds of fun things. Humans can skip, whisper, scream, groan, jump, run, giggle, think, analyze, sing, and hum (to name a few things). copyright 2012 Jane Kotinek Personification does not always have to be used with an animal. Anything can be given human abilities! A tree could jump or skip. A shoe could tell you your feet smell bad! Maybe a cloud stops by to say “hello.” The possibilities are endless! copyright 2012 Jane Kotinek However, if you were reading a story, having an animal talk would be okay. So even though animals don’t normally talk, author’s will sometimes give them that human characteristic. Click me! Personification Do you see the word person in the word? copyright 2012 Jane Kotinek Did you notice how your teacher just followed directions from a talking candle? Pretty cool, huh? That’s why personification is neat. It brings things alive! copyright 2012 Jane Kotinek Identifying a dog or a cat speaking is pretty easy. Let’s look at something a lot more difficult. The wind whistled as it blew past the trees alongside the house. Where is the personification in this example? The wind whistled. Whistled is the human act taking place. copyright 2012 Jane Kotinek The swollen river raced forward tackling everything in it’s way. Where is the personification in this sentence? River raced and tackling Pop Quiz! What is the purpose of using figurative language? copyright 2012 Jane Kotinek copyright 2012 Jane Kotinek With the author’s purpose in mind, what image is the author trying to demonstrate with the example below? The swollen river raced forward tackling everything in it’s way. The river is extremely powerful and destructive. copyright 2012 Jane Kotinek The sun smiled upon the children as they played football on the freshly mowed lawn. Drenched in sweat, the players barely noticed as the wind gently caressed their cheeks with a cool breeze. Explain the personification taking place in the example above. Describe the picture you see in your mind? Is it a winter day? Is it night time? Is the wind blowing hard? copyright 2012 Jane Kotinek How did you know the information from the previous page? Did the author state the boys were playing during the day? Did the author mention that the breeze was gentle and refreshing? What type of mood did the author create without explicitly (directly) stating it directly? copyright 2012 Jane Kotinek Complete the worksheet on personification. copyright 2012 Jane Kotinek Idioms come from different sources. There are literally hundreds of idiomatic expressions. An idiom is a saying whose meaning cannot be taken literally. It’s meaning cannot be understood from the individual words in the saying. Behind the Shake a leg eight ball copyright 2012 Jane Kotinek from the frying pan into the fire What does it mean? Did you guess it means to go from a bad situation to a worse one? copyright 2012 Jane Kotinek My teacher has eyes in the back of her head! This idiom is actually true! copyright 2012 Jane Kotinek Many idioms may only be understood when they are taken in the context they are given. Do you remember what context clues are? Context clues are those hints given within the text that help you to understand a word, phrase, or an entire paragraph. copyright 2012 Jane Kotinek I had to eat my words. To eat my words is the idiom. What does the idiom mean? Does the person REALLY have to eat their words? copyright 2012 Jane Kotinek Let’s see if adding context clues helps you figure out what the idiom means. I was so mad at my friend, Bernice! I couldn’t believe she said those things about me. I told Bernice, in no uncertain terms, exactly how I felt about her. Later, I found out Bernice hadn’t said anything bad about me. I had to eat my words and apologize to Bernice. I don’t know if she will ever forgive me. Can you figure out what the idiom means now? copyright 2012 Jane Kotinek Fred was on top of the world. The world is round and rather large. It would be impossible to be on top of a round surface. Therefore, you may not take this idiom literally. Can you guess what this idiom means? Meet Fred. copyright 2012 Jane Kotinek Let’s add some context clues to help you make a logical guess as to what the idiom means. Fred, the green frog, was on top of the world because he had caught the most flies in the fly catching contest. He was very happy about winning because he received a crown and a truckload of flies. He smiled from ear to ear when the crowd cheered his achievement. What do you think the idiom means? copyright 2012 Jane Kotinek Brenda was really down in the dumps after she lost her wallet filled with money. Choose the best meaning for the idiom. A.Brenda smelled funny because she had been to the dump. B. Brenda was very sad because she had lost her money. C. Brenda was feeling happy after she got rid of her wallet. copyright 2012 Jane Kotinek Harry had butterflies in his stomach because he had to sing in front of the audience. A.Harry was nervous about performing. B. Harry’s stomach was upset after eating a monarch salad. C. Harry hated to sing in front of anyone. copyright 2012 Jane Kotinek There’s no sense crying over spilled milk. You’ve already failed the test because you didn’t study for it. A.Milk will spoil unless tears are added to it. B. Studying for a test will spoil the milk which will cause you to fail. C. There isn’t anything to be done because the grade is already earned. copyright 2012 Jane Kotinek If you find yourself getting into trouble often, it may be time to turn over a new leaf. A.If you get into a lot of trouble, you should always blame someone else. B. Wearing a new leaf with prevent people from seeing you do something bad. C. You should change your behavior if you get into trouble frequently. copyright 2012 Jane Kotinek Is it possible for an idiom to be a simile or metaphor? Hint: This question is actually as easy as pie. Yes, an idiom may be written as a simile or metaphor. copyright 2012 Jane Kotinek Hi-per-bo-lee A hyperbole is an exaggeration. It is used to express very strong feelings about something. ’I’m so hungry I could eat a horse!! WHAT?!!! copyright 2012 Jane Kotinek How do you say this word? I have to be honest. Kids are THE best at saying hyperboles! True story. You don’t believe me? Watch. copyright 2012 Jane Kotinek I am NEVER going to get this! I’ll be, like, 20 before I finish this homework! copyright 2012 Jane Kotinek You are my best friend in the whole entire world! copyright 2012 Jane Kotinek I’m going to be grounded for LIFE!! copyright 2012 Jane Kotinek You are the meanest Mom EVER!! Said by every child throughout history! copyright 2012 Jane Kotinek Ugh, huh! Told you so! copyright 2012 Jane Kotinek Remember, hyperbole is a statement that would be impossible to come true. These shoes are so comfortable, I could walk a million miles in them today. It would be impossible to walk a million miles in one day. copyright 2012 Jane Kotinek Choose the example that includes a hyperbole. A. My dog needs to go on a diet because she is overweight. B. My dog weighs more than an elephant! copyright 2012 Jane Kotinek A.The stars in the sky blinded me with their brilliance. B. Wow, look at how bright that star is in the sky! copyright 2012 Jane Kotinek A.I died a thousand deaths when my pet worm died while I was at school. B. I felt really bad when I found out my pet worm had died while I was at school. copyright 2012 Jane Kotinek Comparing two or more things using “like” or “as.” 1. What is a simile? 2. Which example contains a simile? A. My dog is friendlier than your dog because I feed her Alpo dog food. B. My dog acts like a wind-up doll after drinking a pot of coffee when she sees me. 3. Why does an author use figurative language in their writing? An author uses figurative language to convey a message or image in the mind of the reader. copyright 2012 Jane Kotinek Identify the figurative language being used in each sentence. 1. The lemons dangled from the branches begging for a sip of Personification water from the sprinkler. 2. The amount of respect I have for you is an endless spring fed well. 3. Time drifts by like molten lava on a snow capped mountain. 4. I swear I was bitten by a hundred mosquitos last night. 5. I’m in the doghouse after the disrespectful manner in which I treated my mother. copyright 2012 Jane Kotinek Metaphor Simile Hyperbole Idiom Onomatopoeia uses words that imitate or suggest the sound of what they describe. Grrrrrr! Boom! Boom! Hiss Sizzle! Sizzle! Squeak! copyright 2012 Jane Kotinek Author’s often use onomatopoeia to set the mood or tone of the story. As the prisoner made his agonizing way to the scaffold he could hear the deep “boom, boom, boom,” resonating off the damp, stone walls of the penitentiary. Desperately, the prisoner scanned the faces of the crowd looking for hope where there was none. “Boom, boom, boom.” The prisoner felt the pull of the drums as they led him to the gallows. What mood is the author trying to convey? Hopelessness, gloominess copyright 2012 Jane Kotinek Tommy could hear the bark of the dog off in the distance. He lazily thought about getting up and going home. Suddenly, “Bang!” Darting up into a prone position, Tommy looked across the wheat field toward the McDonny Farm. “What was that?” Tommy thought. “Bang, bang,” went the noise again. Squinting his eyes, Tommy could just make out the McDonny boys as they scampered out from behind the tree. Both boys held play guns in their hands. “Ah,” mused Tommy. “That would explain the noise.” Does the use of the sounds add to the story? copyright 2012 Jane Kotinek Alliteration occurs when the first sound in the word repeats itself in the sentence. Remember, it is the SOUND, not the letter, that repeats. copyright 2012 Jane Kotinek Sometimes, as I seek the sun on a cloudy day, I am reminded of hot summer days and cherry slushies. What sound do you hear being repeated in the sentence? S copyright 2012 Jane Kotinek How about this sentence? How could you have left me when I am so hungry in my hopes of finding someone with as huge of a heart as you to love and cherish? copyright 2012 Jane Kotinek Explain why this sentence does not contain alliteration. A cupid in the city of Cincinnati went to church to find the can of chorizo. Remember, it is the beginning sound that must be found in the sentence, not the letter. copyright 2012 Jane Kotinek Create your own example of alliteration using the sound given to you by your teacher. The sentence should make sense. The sentence should contain at least 10 words. The alliteration should be easy to detect. copyright 2012 Jane Kotinek
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