INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC FORUM LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN 2015 Better strategies for a sustainable development Paris, 5 June 2015 #LACFORUM Media partners: 7:30 – 8:45 Registration and coffee Opening remarks 09:00 – 9:45 Michel Sapin, Minister for Finance and Public Accounts, France Angel Gurría, Secretary-General, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Luis Alberto Moreno, President, Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) Session 1: How to foster a more robust, inclusive and sustainable growth? 9:45 –11:00 Panellists Moderator After a golden decade, the economic growth prospects in Latin American and the Caribbean could reach 1% in 2015, compared to 1.1% in 2014, the lowest growth rate in Latin America since the global financial crisis. What are the needed reforms and strategies to foster a sustainable growth in front of an external scenario generated by the drop of commodities prices and the necessary adaptation of the private sector? Luis Alberto Arce, Minister of Economy, Bolivia Alicia Bárcena, Executive Secretary, Economic Commission for Latin America (UN-ECLAC) Carlos Bianco, Secretary of State for International Economic Relations, Argentina Mauricio Cárdenas, Minister of Finance and Public Credit, Colombia Enrique García, President, CAF - Development Bank of Latin America Wilson Laleau, Minister of Economy and Finance, Haiti Mario Pezzini, Director, OECD Development Centre Questions & Answers 11:00 – 11:30 Coffee break Session 2: Better opportunities through innovation, education and skills 11:30 – 12:45 Panellists Moderator Education, skills and innovation are key to exit the middle-income trap and strengthen in Latin America. Education is the great unfinished business in Latin America and the Caribbean. What role could the private sector play? What would be the social, corporate and environmental responsibilities of the private sector? How could public-private cooperation be improved? Marie-Ange Debon, Chief Executive Officer in charge of International activities and Group Deputy Chief Executive Officer, SUEZ Environnement Sergio de la Torre, Minister of Economy, Guatemala Rebeca Grynspan, Secretary General, Ibero-American General Secretariat (SEGIB) Goe Rojas Hernández, Vice Rector, Uniempresarial Foundation, Colombia Alonso Arturo Segura Vasi, Minister of Economy and Finance, Peru Carmen Vela, Secretary of State, Secretariat of state of Research and Development and Innovation, Spain José Juan Ruiz Gómez, Chief Economist and Manager of the Research Department, IDB Questions & Answers Closing session 12:45 – 13:15 Key note speech Emmanuel Macron, Minister for the Economy, Industry and the Digital Sector, France Luis Guillermo Solís, President of the Republic of Costa Rica Conclusions Mario Pezzini, Director, OECD Development Centre 13:15 Luncheon 7:30 – 8:45 Inscription et café de bienvenue Remarques d’ouverture 9:00 – 9:45 Michel Sapin, Ministre des Finances et des Comptes publics, France Angel Gurría, Secrétaire général, Organisation de coopération et de développement économique (OCDE) Luis Alberto Moreno, Président, Banque interaméricaine de développement (BID) Session 1: Comment promouvoir une croissance plus soutenue et durable pour tous ? 9:45 – 11:00 Après une décennie de prospérité, la croissance économique en Amérique Latine et aux Caraïbes s’approchera de 1% en 2015, encore en déclin par rapport à son taux de 2014 (1,1%), le plus bas depuis la crise financière globale. Quelles réformes pourraient alors garantir une croissance durable face au délicat scénario extérieur de la chute des prix des matières premières et à la nécessaire adaptation du secteur privé ? Intervenants Luis Alberto Arce, Ministre de l’Économie, Bolivie Alicia Bárcena, Secrétaire exécutive, Commission économique pour l’Amérique latine (ONU-CEPALC) Carlos Bianco, Secrétaire d’Etat aux Relations Economiques Internationales, Argentine Mauricio Cárdenas, Ministre des Finances et du Crédit public, Colombie Enrique García, Président, CAF – Banque de développement de l’Amérique latine Wilson Laleau, Ministre de l’Économie et des Finances, Haïti Modérateur Mario Pezzini, Directeur, Centre de développement, OCDE Questions & Réponses 11:00 – 11:30 Pause-café Session 2: De meilleures opportunités à travers l’innovation, l’éducation et les compétences 11:30 – 12:45 L’éducation, les compétences et l’innovation sont des éléments clés pour surmonter le piège du revenu intermédiaire et renforcer la classe moyenne émergente dans la Région. L'éducation demeure le secteur encore inachevé en Amérique latine et dans les Caraïbes. Quel rôle le secteur privé doit-il jouer ? Quelle est la responsabilité sociale, entrepreneuriale et environnementale du secteur privé ? Comment le partenariat publicprivé peut-il être amélioré ? Intervenants Marie-Ange Debon, Directrice Générale de la Division Internationale et Directrice générale adjointe Groupe, SUEZ Environnement Sergio de la Torre, Ministre de l’Économie, Guatemala Rebeca Grynspan, Secrétaire générale, Secrétariat général Ibéro-américain (SEGIB) Goe Rojas Hernández, Vice-Rectrice, Fondation Uniempresarial, Colombie Alonso Arturo Segura Vasi, Ministre de l’Économie et des Finances, Pérou Carmen Vela, Secrétaire d’État, Secrétariat d’État à la Recherche, au Développement et à l’Innovation, Espagne Modérateur José Juan Ruiz Gómez, Chef économiste et Directeur du département de recherche, BID Questions & Réponses Clôture 12:45 – 13:15 Discours de clôture Emmanuel Macron, Ministre de l'Économie, de l'Industrie et du Numérique, France Luis Guillermo Solís, Président de la République du Costa Rica Conclusions Mario Pezzini, Directeur, Centre de développement de l’OCDE 13:15 Buffet 7:30 – 8:45 Inscripción y café de bienvenida Palabras de apertura 9:00 – 9:45 Michel Sapin, Ministro de Hacienda y Cuenta Pública, Francia Angel Gurría, Secretario General, Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económico (OCDE) Luis Alberto Moreno, Presidente, Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID) Sesión 1: ¿Cómo promover un crecimiento más fuerte y sostenible para todos? 9:45 –11:00 Panelistas Moderador Después de una década dorada, el crecimiento económico de América Latina y el Caribe podría acercarse a 1% en 2015, frente a 1,1% en 2014, la tasa más baja desde la crisis financiera global. ¿Cuáles serían las reformas e estrategias que podrían asegurar un crecimiento sostenible frente al escenario externo generado por la caída de los precios de las materias primas y la necesaria adaptación del sector privado? Luis Alberto Arce, Ministro de Economía, Bolivia Alicia Bárcena, Secretaria ejecutiva, Comisión Económica para América latina y el Caribe (CEPAL) Carlos Bianco, Secretario de Estado de Relaciones Económicas Internacionales, Argentina Mauricio Cárdenas, Ministro de Hacienda y Crédito Público, Colombia Enrique García, Presidente, CAF - Banco de desarrollo de América Latina Wilson Laleau, Ministro de Economía y Finanzas, Haití Mario Pezzini, Director, Centro de Desarrollo de la OCDE Preguntas y Respuestas 11:00 – 11:30 Pausa-café Sesión 2: Mejores oportunidades à través de la innovación, la educación y las competencias 11:30 – 12:45 Panelistas Moderador La innovación, la educación y las competencias son ámbitos claves para superar la trampa de ingresos medios y fortalecer la emergente clase media de la región. La educación es la gran asignatura pendiente en América Latina y el Caribe. ¿Qué papel debe jugar el sector privado? ¿Cuál es la responsabilidad social, empresarial e medioambiental del sector privado? ¿Cómo mejorar la cooperación público-privada? Marie-Ange Debon, Directora General de la División Internacional y Directora General Adjunta, Grupo SUEZ Environnement Sergio de la Torre, Ministro de Economía, Guatemala Rebeca Grynspan, Secretaria-General, Secretaria General Iberoamericana (SEGIB) Goe Rojas Hernández, Vice-Rector, Fundación Uniempresarial, Colombia Alonso Arturo Segura Vasi, Ministro de Economía y Finanzas, Perú Carmen Vela, Secretaria de Estado, Secretaría de Estado de Investigación y Desarrollo e Innovación, España José Juan Ruiz Gómez, Economista Jefe y Gerente del Departamento de Investigación, BID Preguntas y Respuestas Clausura 12:45 – 13:15 Discurso de clausura Emmanuel Macron, Ministro de Economía, Industria y Sector Digital, Francia Luis Guillermo Solís, Presidente de la República de Costa Rica Conclusiones Mario Pezzini, Director, Centro de Desarrollo de la OCDE 13:15 Almuerzo BETTER STRATEGIES FOR A SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Concept note Session 1: How to foster more robust, inclusive and sustainable growth? Although Latin America demonstrated a great capacity for resilience by coping effectively with the effects of the 2008 economic and financial crisis, with low debt, high foreign exchange reserves, also thanks to a general rise in commodity prices, the region is currently experiencing a significant economic downturn. A complete recovery does not seem in the cards: declining dynamic commodity prices, combined with sluggish external demand in the region increase uncertainty in a context of uneven and slow economic recovery at the global level. In 2015, the growth prospects of the region's GDP is only 1%. For the first time in 10 years, the region’s growth is below the OECD average. These less optimistic forecasts reflect the deceleration of global activity and a decline in investment. Falling commodity prices will also weigh negatively on growth in some LAC countries in 2015. Economic activity in South America and Mexico, important producers of raw materials, remains less dynamic in 2015 than in the past, primarily due to lower prices on essential goods globally. After posting an annual growth rate of about 10% for many years, the Chinese economy has seen a decline in demand in the volume of raw materials, weighing in turn on the growth rate of the exporting countries in the LAC region. Central America, Haiti and Spanish-speaking Caribbean countries have better figures with growth projected at 4.1%. To address this environment, redesigning better strategies for renewed, more sustained, balanced and green growth is a challenge for the future of Latin America. Structural reforms should aim at increasing productivity but also at reducing inequality, improving welfare, protecting the environment and helping restore public confidence in the pursued policies. Promoting measures to create more and better jobs and to meet the needs of the most vulnerable sectors of the population is a priority for the region. Efforts should focus on training, skills upgrading, labour market reforms as well as accompanying measures that promote inclusiveness and an environment that encourages business innovation. The quest for new sources of growth is closely linked to the search for innovation, the challenges of the digital economy, the drivers of entrepreneurship, employment and productivity. Education and better skills are essential to restore higher long-term growth in Latin America, help reduce informality, fight against inequalities and promote competitiveness. The economic crisis and the deteriorating social conditions have magnified the impact of skills on professional and personal development. High informality affects scholastic aspirations. On the other hand, improving skills and training is indispensable to both increase employability and improve prospects for upward economic mobility. Moreover, a better understanding of risks resulting from climate change, and the measures taken to mitigate and manage these risks, particularly by the private sector, should draw a clear long-term trajectory in order to achieve net elimination of fossil fuel emissions in the atmosphere by 2050. To reach this goal, new strategies must consider measures that will support the transition to low-carbon economies, encourage businesses with incentives to adopt the necessary technological changes, and cope with the consequences of this economic transformation on income distribution. Concept note Session 2: Better opportunities through innovation, education and skills Shifting wealth toward emerging countries has a strong impact on the supply and demand of labour skills. Not only have the economic slowdown and social inequalities hindered the acquisition of skills, but high unemployment and informality have also thwarted the aspirations of citizens, including students. In response, the creation of a dynamic and innovative production fabric with improved skills and training is essential to improve the productivity and competitiveness of the LAC region. In order to boost potential output and equity, continued structural reforms must aim to strengthen education, skills and innovation. Progress in these reforms is essential to escape the middle-income trap and better position the region within the shifting wealth process towards emerging countries. With the exception of Chile, Uruguay and some Caribbean economies, Latin America has not made considerable progress in closing the income gap with more advanced economies. Education should be seen as a driver of economic growth and social inclusion, and an essential tool to combat inequality and reduce poverty. Latin America has taken great strides in education investment, but still faces major challenges, especially in the extension of pre-primary education and reducing attrition and repetition rates. One of the main issues especially relevant in secondary education is increasing quality while reducing socio-economic, gender-based and regional inequalities in the provision and access to education. Today, the gulf between the performance of Latin American students and the average performance across OECD countries is equivalent to two and a half years’ less schooling. A series of policies throughout the education cycle should be adopted and implemented to improve quality and equity in the region. Early education must continue to expand its coverage, thus fostering the development of soft skills from early childhood. Governments should bolster policies that provide incentives to retain and motivate high-quality educators. Classroom policies, which do not necessarily require large-scale resources, have proved to be effective. Within these policies, it is important to improve mechanisms to identify students in difficulty and at a high risk of dropout. It is essential to improve schools’ evaluation and accreditation systems. In general terms, education resources must be distributed to have a greater impact on reducing inequality, favouring students from poorer socio-economic backgrounds. Furthermore, in the short term, various courses of action within the education system are required, for which co-ordinated collaboration between the public and private sectors is essential. Specifically, the productive sector should participate more actively in designing technical training and promoting internships in companies. Beyond its positive impact on social inclusion, such collaboration would contribute to economic growth in the region. If this collaboration does not happen in an organised way and in pursuit of common goals, productivity in the region will remain low, even compared with other emerging economies. In Latin America and the Caribbean, 36% of companies operating in the formal economy struggle to find a properly trained workforce, compared to a global average of 21% per country and an OECD average of 15%. Investment is needed to improve technical and professional training programmes. Courses related to general or soft skills are particularly important, since they facilitate the access to the labour market. Moreover, these skills allow active workers to adapt to a changing labour market by upgrading their skills. Finally, it is important to mention that regional qualification frameworks are needed for skills recognition and transferability across the region. Efforts to improve education and job skills must be accompanied by greater innovation. Attracting quality foreign direct investment is important to increase the low levels of innovation capital (in Latin America, this capital represents only 13% of GDP, while exceeding an average of 30% of GDP across OECD countries. If investment flows are adapted to innovation policy and structural changes, they represent an opportunity for skill development and innovation in the region. In addition, we must strengthen the links between tertiary education and the private sector — especially in the fields of science and technology — to better guide and encourage research and development. Strengthening development in governance for science and technology institutions is of paramount importance so that an efficient and comprehensive institutional framework can be developed to disseminate technology and innovation. The complementarity between education and innovation capacity in Latin America needs more attention. MEJORES ESTRATEGIAS PARA UN DESARROLLO SOSTENIBLE Nota conceptual Sesión 1: ¿Cómo promover un crecimiento más fuerte y sostenible para todos? América Latina ha demostrado una gran capacidad de resiliencia frente a la crisis económica mundial de 2008, enfrentando con eficacia los efectos de la crisis económica y financiera, gracias fundamentalmente a un bajo nivel de deuda, a las altas reservas de divisas y también al aumento generalizado de los precios de las materias primas. La región se enfrenta ahora a una recesión económica significativa en la que la recuperación no parece inminente: una dinámica de descenso sobre los precios de las materias primas junto con una demanda externa débil, acentúan la incertidumbre en un contexto de recuperación lenta e irregular de la economía mundial. En 2015, las perspectivas de crecimiento del PIB de la región es de apenas un 1%, por primera vez en los últimos 10 años la región crece menos que la media de los países de la OCDE. . Estas previsiones menos optimistas reflejan sobre todo la desaceleración de la actividad global y una disminución de la inversión. La caída de los precios de las materias primas también repercutirá en el crecimiento de algunos países de la región en el año 2015. La actividad económica de América del Sur y México, importantes productores de materias primas, siguen siendo menos dinámica en 2015 que en el pasado, debido principalmente a la disminución de los precios en los productos de primera necesidad a nivel mundial. Después de registrar una tasa de crecimiento anual alrededor del 10% durante muchos años, la economía china ha ralentizado el volumen de demanda de materias primas, influyendo en la tasa de crecimiento de los países exportadores de la región. Por el contrario, América Central, Haití y el Caribe hispanohablante tienen mejores cifras, con proyecciones de crecimiento del 4,1%. En este contexto, América Latina se enfrenta al reto de rediseñar mejores estrategias para la recuperación de un crecimiento más sostenido y equilibrado. Las reformas estructurales deben tratar de aumentar la productividad, pero también reducir la desigualdad, optimizar el bienestar, proteger el medio ambiente y ayudar a restaurar la confianza en las políticas públicas puestas en marcha. Es prioritario para la región promover medidas adecuadas para crear más y mejor y satisfacer las necesidades de la población más vulnerable. Los esfuerzos deben centrarse en la formación, la mejora de las capacidades, las reformas de los mercados de trabajo, así como en medidas complementarias que promuevan la inclusión y un entorno que fomente la innovación empresarial. La búsqueda de nuevas fuentes de crecimiento está estrechamente ligada a la investigación e innovación, los desafíos de la economía digital, los impulsores del emprendimiento, el empleo y la productividad. La educación y la mejora de competencias son esenciales para restablecer un mayor crecimiento a largo plazo en América Latina, para ayudar a reducir la informalidad, combatir la desigualdad y promover la competitividad. La crisis económica y el deterioro de las condiciones sociales han amplificado el impacto de las competencias para el desarrollo profesional y personal. Tasas altas de informalidad limitan las aspiraciones en relación a los estudios; por el contrario, la mejora de las competencias y de la capacitación es esencial tanto para aumentar la integración en el empleo como para mejorar las perspectivas de movilidad social. Por otro lado, un mejor entendimiento de los riesgos que conlleva el cambio climático y las medidas adoptadas para mitigar y gestionar estos riesgos, especialmente por las empresas, contribuirá a trazar una trayectoria a largo plazo para reducir las emisiones de carbono en la atmósfera después de 2050. Para alcanzar este objetivo, se deben considerar nuevas estrategias y medidas que apoyen la transición a economías bajas en emisión de carbono, incentiven a las empresas a adoptar los cambios tecnológicos necesarios, y enfrenten las consecuencias de esta transformación económica en la distribución del ingreso. Nota conceptual Sesión 2: Competencias, educación e innovacion para un desarrollo sostenible El proceso de desplazamiento de la riqueza mundial hacia el mundo emergente tiene un fuerte impacto sobre la oferta y la demanda de competencias laborales. No sólo la desaceleración económica y las desigualdades sociales han dificultado la adquisición de competencias, sino también el alto desempleo y la informalidad han frustrado las aspiraciones de los ciudadanos, incluidos los estudiantes. Ante ello, mejorar las competencias y la formación así como promover la creación de un tejido productivo dinámico e innovador es esencial para mejorar la productividad y la competitividad de la región. Para impulsar el crecimiento potencial y la equidad es necesario seguir avanzando en reformas estructurales para fortalecer la educación, las competencias, y la innovación. El avance en estos ámbitos es fundamental para afrontar la trampa del ingreso medio y posicionar mejor a la región dentro del proceso de desplazamiento de la riqueza mundial hacia el mundo emergente. Salvo Chile, Uruguay y algunas economías del Caribe, Latinoamérica no ha registrado avances considerables en el proceso de convergencia de renta con las economías avanzadas. La educación no solo es un motor del crecimiento económico, sino también de inclusión social y reducción de la desigualdad y la pobreza. Se han alcanzado importantes logros en materia de inversión y cobertura en educación en América Latina, aunque persisten grandes desafíos, especialmente la extensión de la educación pre-primaria y la reducción del abandono y la repetición. Una de las principales asignaturas pendientes, especialmente relevante en educación secundaria, es incrementar la calidad y reducir las inequidades socioeconómicas, de género y regionales en la provisión y el acceso a la educación. Hoy en día, un estudiante latinoamericano muestra un aprendizaje equivalente a haber asistido dos años y medio menos a la escuela que uno de la OCDE. Una serie de políticas a lo largo del ciclo educativo debe adoptarse e implementarse para mejorar la calidad y equidad en la región. La extensión de la cobertura de la educación temprana debe proseguir, con el fin de impulsar las competencias blandas desde la primera infancia. Las políticas docentes dirigidas a incorporar incentivos para retener y motivar a educadores de calidad deben reforzarse. Las políticas del aula, que no demandan necesariamente recursos elevados, han demostrado su efectividad. Dentro de estas políticas, la mejora de mecanismos de identificación de estudiantes en dificultad y con mayor riesgo de abandono escolar es primordial. Resulta fundamental mejorar los sistemas de evaluación y acreditación de los centros educativos. De forma más general, los recursos educativos han de distribuirse de tal manera que tengan un mayor impacto en la reducción de las desigualdades, favoreciendo a estudiantes de entornos socioeconómicos más bajos. Además, en el corto plazo, se precisan acciones dentro del sistema educativo, para los cuales una colaboración coordinada entre sector público y sector privado es necesaria. En concreto, el sector productivo debería participar más activamente en el diseño de esta formación técnica e impulsar las prácticas en las empresas. Esta colaboración supondría, además de un avance en inclusión social, un motor de crecimiento económico para la región. Si esta colaboración no se da de manera organizada y en búsqueda de metas comunes, se seguirá observando una decepcionante evolución de la productividad, incluso, si ésta se compara con la de otras economías emergentes. América Latina es la región del mundo con un mayor desajuste entre la oferta y la demanda de competencias. Un 36% de las empresas que operan en el sector formal de la economía en América Latina y el Caribe muestra dificultades para encontrar una fuerza laboral adecuadamente preparada a sus necesidades, frente al 21% en el promedio mundial, y un 15% en los países de la OCDE. Es clave invertir en la mejora de los programas de formación técnica y profesional. Entre los contenidos de estos programas, se destacan los relativos a competencias de carácter general o las orientadas al desarrollo de aptitudes sociales –habilidades blandas- de manera que faciliten a los estudiantes el acceso al mercado laboral. Además, estas competencias permiten a los actuales trabajadores adaptarse a un mercado laboral cambiante, favoreciendo su movilidad. Finalmente, cabe destacar la importancia de establecer marcos de cualificaciones a nivel regional para el reconocimiento y portabilidad de competencias, adquiridas en contextos formales o informales. A los esfuerzos para mejorar las competencias laborales y la educación deben sumarse avances en el área de innovación. Para incrementar los bajos niveles del stock de capital de innovación (en América Latina, este capital apenas representa el 13% del PIB, mientras que en los países de la OCDE supera el 30% del PIB), se ha de atraer una inversión extrajera directa de calidad. Estos flujos de inversión representan una oportunidad para el desarrollo de competencias e innovación en la región, siempre que se articulen con las políticas de innovación y cambios estructurales. Además, se han de fortalecer los vínculos entre las instituciones de educación terciaria y el sector privado en el ámbito de ciencia y tecnología para guiar e incentivar mejor las actividades de I+D. Es fundamental que los avances en la gobernanza de las instituciones del sector de ciencia y tecnología se fortalezcan, con el objetivo de desarrollar un marco institucional eficiente y completo para la difusión de la tecnología y la innovación. La complementariedad entre el sistema educativo y la capacidad de innovación en América Latina necesita mayor atención. SPEAKERS’ BIOGRAPHIES Opening remarks (in order of appearance) MICHEL SAPIN MINISTER FOR FINANCE AND PUBLIC ACCOUNTS, FRANCE Michel Sapin is a French politician. In April 2014, he was appointed Minister for Finance and Public Accounts in the cabinet of Prime Minister Manuel Valls. Michel Sapin was born on 9 April 1952 in Boulogne-Billancourt; he is a graduate of France's National School of Administration. A member of the Socialist Party, he was elected mayor of Argenton-sur-Creuse in the département of Indre, and also served as MP for both the Indre and Hauts-de-Seine départements. Furthermore, he was appointed as Minister Delegate reporting to the Minister for Justice (May 1991–April 1992), Minister for the Economy and Finance (April 1992– March 1992), Minister for the Civil Service and State Reform (March 2000–May 2002) and Minister for Labour, Employment, Vocational Training and Industrial Relations (May 2012–April 2014). He also served as Chairman of the Regional Council of the Centre region (1998–2000 and 2004–2007). ANGEL GURRÍA SECRETARY-GENERAL, ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT (OECD) Angel Gurría has been Secretary-General of the OECD since mid-2006. In May 2015, he was reappointed by the OECD member countries, for a third five-year mandate. His distinguished career in public service has included two ministerial posts in Mexico: Minister of Foreign Affairs from December 1994 to January 1998 and Minister of Finance and Public Credit from January 1998 to December 2000. As OECD Secretary-General, he has reinforced the OECD's role as a hub for global dialogue and debate on economic policy issues. Under his leadership, OECD has expanded its membership to include Chile, Estonia, Israel and Slovenia and opened accession talks with Russia. It has also strengthened links with other major emerging economies, including Brazil, China, India, Indonesia and South Africa. The OECD is now an active participant in both the G-8 and the G-20 processes. Mr. Gurría has also participated in various international not-for-profit bodies. Mr. Gurría holds a B.A. degree in Economics from UNAM (Mexico) and a M.A. degree in Economics from Leeds University (United Kingdom). LUIS ALBERTO MORENO PRESIDENT, INTER-AMERICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK (IDB) Luis Alberto Moreno became president of the Inter-American Development Bank in July 2005. Previously, between 1998 and 2005, he served as Ambassador of Colombia to the United States. Prior to his diplomatic appointment, Moreno held distinguished positions in the private and public sectors in Colombia. He served as representative for the Andean region for the investment firm WestSphere Capital (1997-98). Previously, he served for three years as senior advisor to the Luis Carlos Sarmiento Organization, the largest financial group in Colombia. Between 1991 and 1994, Moreno worked in the Colombian government as President of the Instituto de Fomento Industrial (IFI), and later as Minister of Economic Development. Between 1982 and 1990, he was Executive Producer of the “TV Hoy” news programme, which won the “King of Spain” journalism award. From 1977 to 1982, he managed a division of Praco, a Colombian company specialised in agricultural and industrial machinery. Over the years, he has published works in Latin America and the US on politics, economics and international affairs. Moreno earned degrees in business management and economics from the Florida Atlantic University in 1975 and an MBA from the Thunderbird School of Global Management in 1977. For his journalistic achievements, he was awarded a Nieman Fellowship at Harvard University in 1991. Session 1 (in alphabetical order) How to foster more robust, inclusive and sustainable growth? LUIS ALBERTO ARCE CATACORA MINISTER OF ECONOMY, BOLIVIA An Economics graduate from the University of Warwick, England, where he studied between 1996 and 1997, Luis Alberto Arce also holds another degree in Economics from the Higher University of San Andrés (Universidad Mayor de San Andrés or UMSA). Mr. Arce has made his whole professional career working for the Central Bank of Bolivia (BCB) from 1987 until January 2006, when he carried out the position of Minister of Finance of the Republic of Bolivia. In 2009, he was then appointed Minister for Economy and Public Accounts. He has an extensive experience as professor to undergraduate and graduate students in public and private universities in Bolivia, such as the Higher University of San Andrés (UMSA), the Post Degree in Development Sciences (Cides- UMSA), the Bolivian Catholic University (UCB), the Private University of Bolivia (UPB), the University del Valle, the Franz Tamayo University and the Loyola University, among others. In 2011, the magazine América Economía placed the Minister Arce in the tenth place among the ministers of the region, in 2012 he rose to number eight and 2013 remained among the top eight ministers from the region of a total of 18. ALICIA BÁRCENA IBARRA EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN (ECLAC) Alicia Bárcena took over as Executive Secretary of the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) in July 2008. She previously served as Secretary-General for Management at the United Nations headquarters in New York, and served as Deputy Chief of Staff and later as Chief of Staff of Kofi Annan, then Secretary General of the United Nations. In the ECLAC, she served as Deputy Executive Secretary and Director of the Division Environment and Human Settlements. At the United Nations, she was Coordinator of the Programme on Sustainable Development in Latin America and the Caribbean of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and Coordinator of the Environmental Citizenship Project of the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP). She also founded and directed the Earth Council, non-governmental organisation headquartered in Costa Rica, responsible for monitoring the agreements in United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) in 1992. Mrs. Bárcena has been a professor and researcher at the National Autonomous University of Mexico and has published numerous articles on sustainable development, public policies, environment and public participation. She holds a BA in Biology and earned a Master’s in Public Administration from the University of Harvard. Mrs Bárcena also holds a Master in Ecology, and began doctoral studies in Economics at the National Autonomous University of Mexico. CARLOS BIANCO SECRETARY FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC RELATIONS, ARGENTINA Currently serving as Secretary for International Economic Relations of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Worship of the Argentine Republic, Carlos Bianco previously served as Undersecretary for Investment Development and Trade Promotion between December 2011 and October 2013. He also served in 2011 as Head of the Directorate for Competitive Development and Investment Environment and of the Directorate for Development of Investment Projects. Mr. Bianco also held academic positions, notably as Deputy Director of the Department of Economics and Administration, as Director of the Diploma Course in Economics and Administration of the Department of Social Sciences, and as Coordinator of the Economics Division of the National University of Quilmes (UNQ). He taught in this university and in others such as the University of Buenos Aires. A Ph.D. candidate at the National University of Quilmes (UNQ) in Social and Human Sciences, Mr. Bianco has a degree in International Trade granted by the UNQ and pursued postgraduate studies at ECLAC (Chile) and the Gétulio Vargas Foundation (Brazil). MAURICIO CÁRDENAS SANTA MARÍA MINISTER OF FINANCE AND PUBLIC CREDIT, COLOMBIA Mauricio Cárdenas has been the Minister of Finance and Public Credit of the Republic of Colombia since September 2012. He has been Minister of Mines and Energy, Minister of Economic Development, Minister of Transport and Director of the National Planning Department. Moreover, he was the Director of the Latin American Initiative of the Brookings Institution between 2008 and 2011. Previously, he served as President of the Latin American and Caribbean Economic Association (LACEA) and as the Executive Director of Fedesarrollo, a Colombian think-tank. He has also been General Manager of Bogotá’s Energy Company (Empresa de Energía de Bogotá) and president of Titularizadora Colombiana. Minister Cárdenas has been a columnist of the newspaper El Tiempo. In 1999, CNN and Time Magazine selected him as a Latin American leader for the new millennium. His research has focused on macroeconomic management, economic growth, financial markets, labor issues, inequality, poverty and the impact of institutions on the economy. Since 1992, he has taught undergraduate and graduate courses at Universidad de los Andes and has been a visiting professor and researcher at several universities, including Harvard University. Minister Cárdenas is an economist. He holds a Master’s degree in Economics from Universidad del los Andes and a Ph.D. in Economics from the University of Berkeley in California. ENRIQUE GARCÍA PRESIDENT, CAF - DEVELOPMENT BANK OF LATIN AMERICA Enrique García has been the Executive President of CAF – Development Bank of Latin America since December 1991. He was Bolivia’s Minister of Planning and Coordination and Head of the Economic and Social Cabinet between 1989-1991. Prior to this, he was Vice Minister of Planning and Coordination and a member of the Board of Directors of the Central Bank of Bolivia. At an international level, he occupied senior positions at the Inter-American Development Bank (IADB) for 17 years, including that of Treasurer of the Institution after having performed at other directive positions. He acted as Bolivia’s Governor at the World Bank, the Inter-American Development Bank, and the River Plate Basin Development Fund (FONPLATA), and represented Bolivia, Chile, Argentina, Peru, Uruguay and Paraguay as a member of the IBRD and IMF Development Committee. He is the Vice President of Canning House, Vice Chair of the Board of Directors of the Inter-American Dialogue, member of the World Economic Forum’s Global Agenda Council on Latin America, and on the Advisory Board of the Latin American Program at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, among other positions. At an academic level, he has been a Professor at both the Higher University of San Andres and the Catholic University in Bolivia, and is Visiting Professor in Practice at the Department of International Relations at the London School of Economics (LSE). Mr. Garcia holds a B.S. and an M.A. in Economics and Finance from St. Louis University and doctoral studies from the American University. WILSON LALEAU MINISTER OF ECONOMY AND FINANCE, HAITI Professor Wilson Laleau is an academic specialised in Economic Development and Political Economics. He graduated from the Haitian Centre for Technical Planning and Applied Economics, and holds a Political Science degree from the University Paris I La Sorbonne. Mr. Laleau holds a diploma of Political Economics from the International Institute of Administrative Sciences, and is a former student of The Hague Institute of Social Studies. From 1997 to 2001, Mr. Laleau worked as project officer in the National Commission for the Administrative Reform. In this position, while designing a policy of general restructuration of the Haitian public administration, he was responsible for the Centre for Public Service Training and Development where he designed and implemented training programmes in support of the above-mentioned reform. After his position as Economic Counsellor to the President of the Republic, H.E. Michel J. Martelly, he was nominated Minster for Trade and Industry. He is currently, for the second time, from April 2013 to April 2014, and from the 18th January 2015 to date, Minister for Economy and Finance. MARIO PEZZINI (Moderator) DIRECTOR, DEVELOPMENT CENTRE, ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT (OECD) Mario Pezzini is the Director of the OECD Development Centre. Before joining the Development Centre in 2010, Mario Pezzini held several senior management positions in the OECD. He was Deputy Director of the Public Governance and Territorial Development Directorate, and prior to that, Head of the Regional Policy Division, covering policy analysis on urban development, rural development, regional competitiveness and public governance. Prior to joining the OECD, Mr. Pezzini was a Professor in Industrial Economics at the Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris as well as in US and Italian Universities. He also served as an Advisor in the field of economic development, industrial organisation and regional economics in international organisations and think tanks (e.g. ILO, UNIDO, European Commission and Nomisma in Italy). He started his career in the government office of the Emilia-Romagna Region. Session 2 (in alphabetical order) Better opportunities through innovation, education and skills MARIE-ANGE DEBON CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER IN CHARGE OF INTERNATIONAL ACTIVITIES AND GROUP DEPUTY CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER, SUEZ ENVIRONNEMENT Marie-Ange Debon is a Graduate of HEC, Paris Business School, and ENA, the Public Administration University of Paris and has a Master’s degree in Law.She is Chairman of MEDEF’s Internationalization & Export Department. Marie-Ange Debon joined the SUEZ Environnement Group in June 2008 as General Secretary, in charge of the Legal, Audit, Procurement, IS, Water and Waste Projects Divisions.In April 2013, she became Senior Executive Vice President in charge of the International Division of SUEZ Environnement (Degrémont, United Water, Australia, Africa, Middle-East, Asia). Marie-Ange Debon is a Board Member of TECHNIP, Paris listed Company, part of the CAC 40 and GrDF (a subsidiary of the Group GDF SUEZ). She was a member of the Collège de l’Autorité des Marchés Financiers (the French Financial Market Authority) from 2008 to 2014.From 1990 to 1994, she served as a Magistrate at the ‘Cour des Comptes’. She joined FRANCE 3 (Channel Television) in 1994 as Senior Executive Vice President. In November 1998, Marie-Ange Debon integrated the THOMSON Group (now TECHNICOLOR) where she was Deputy Chief Financial Officer until July 2003, when she was promoted to the position of General Secretary. SERGIO DE LA TORRE GIMENO MINISTER OF ECONOMY, GUATEMALA Director of the Monetary Board of Guatemala, Sergio de la Torre has held numerous positions since 2002 in this institution that determines monetary, credit and exchange conditions in favor of the development of the national economy. He held the positions of vice president (2004-2005) and president (2005-2007) of the Board of the Chamber of Industry of Guatemala. During that time international business congresses were held and technical proposals on national economic policy guidelines were presented. Mr. de la Torre was a member of the Economic Commission of the Coordinating Committee of Agricultural, Commercial, Industrial and Financial Associations (CACIF); and member of the Board of the Association of Apparel and Textile Industry (VESTEX), which belongs to the Association of Exporters of Guatemala (AGEXPORT). He was also a member of the Country Risk Committee, representing CACIF. He has been president of CACIF from March 2006 to June 2007 and president of the Federation of Chambers and Industry Associations of Central American and Dominican Republic (FECAICA), from March 2006 to July 2007. REBECA GRYNSPAN MAYUFIS SECRETARY-GENERAL, SECRETARIA GENERAL IBEROAMERICANA (SEGIB) Rebeca Grynspan took office as Secretary-General Iberoamericana on 1 April 2014. Prior to this appointment, she was Deputy Secretary-General of the United Nations and Associated Administrator of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) from February 2010. Previously, from 2006 to 2010, she was Regional Director for Latin America and the Caribbean in the UNDP. Before joining the United Nations, she served as Vice President-elect of Costa Rica from 1994 to 1998. She was also Minister of Housing, Minister Coordinator of Economic and Social Affairs and Deputy Minister of Finance of her country, as well as member of the High Level Panel on Financing for Development convened by the Secretary General Kofi Annan in 2001. Mrs. Grynspan is a Board Member of the Latin American Faculty of Social Sciences (FLACSO) and of the Global Council on Poverty and Sustainable Development at the World Economic Forum, among others. Rebeca Grynspan has been named, from June 2014, President of the Board of IIED, the International Institute for Environment and Development. She is the author and coauthor of numerous articles and books on economic and social policy, gender and poverty. GOE ROJAS HERNÁNDEZ VICE RECTOR, UNIEMPRESARIAL FOUNDATION, COLOMBIA With a Phd in Education from the University Popular Autónoma del Estado de Puebla (Upaep), México, and a Master’s in Education, with a Specialization in Strategic Marketing Management and Social Communicator from the Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Goe Rojas is currently the Vicerector of Uniempresarial (Business University Foundation of the Chamber of Commerce of Bogotá). Expert in work-linked apprenticeship models and their adaptation to the Latin American context, she has an extensive experience in academic and business processes management, strategic planning, professional programs design for the business sector and in strategies for positioning companies. She is a mentor and evaluator in Latin America of the International Accreditation ACBSP. She created a network of more than 300 co-training companies in the region. ALONSO ARTURO SEGURA VASI MINISTER OF ECONOMY AND FINANCE, PERU Alonso Segura Vasi is the Minister of Economy and Finance of Peru, where he previously was Chief of Staff. He has been Chief Economist and Head of Strategy at Banco de Credito del Peru (BCP), Peru´s largest bank; Chief Economist at Banco Wiese Sudameris (now Scotiabank Peru); Advisor to Executive Director for the Southern Cone and Economist at the Financial Affairs Department at the International Monetary Fund; among other positions. Mr. Segura is an Economist from the Catholic University of Perú. He holds a Masters degree in Economics from the University of Pennsylvania, where he also pursued doctoral studies (PhD(ABD)). He holds international certificates in investments (Chartered Financial Analyst-CFA) and risk management (Financial Risk Manager-FRM). He has held teaching positions at the University of Pennsylvania, the Catholic University of Peru and Universidad del Pacifico in Peru. Mr Segura is a Fulbright Scholar. CARMEN VELA OLMO SECRETARY OF STATE, SECRETARIAT OF STATE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT AND INNOVATION, SPAIN Born in Sigüenza (Guadalajara), Spain, in 1955, Carmen Vela is the Spanish State Secretary for Research, Development and Innovation since January 2012. Before her appointement, she was manager director at INGENASA, a biotechnology company based in Madrid (Spain) and devoted to Animal Health. She is a biochemist with more than 30 years of experience in Immunology, Virology and related fields. She is the author of numerous publications and patents granted in EU and US. She was member, between others, of the Advisory Group of PEOPLE, the External Advisory Committee of EUREKA and President of the Spanish Society for Biotechnology. JOSÉ JUAN RUIZ GÓMEZ (Moderator) CHIEF ECONOMIST AND MANAGER OF THE RESEARCH DEPARTMENT, IDB José Juan Ruiz Gomez, a Spanish citizen, is the Chief Economist and Manager of the Research Department of the IDB. The Department is the sector of the Bank that generates new ideas to enrich the knowledge base that supports the policy agenda of the Bank and its member countries. Mr. Ruiz comes to the IDB from the Banco Santander, where he served as Director of Strategy and Chief Economist in the Latin America Division. For the past 12 years he has been a member of the Executive Committee of the America Division and has been a member of the Board of Directors of Banco Santiago in Chile, Banco Santander Colombia, Banco Santander Puerto Rico, Banco Santander Peru and Banco Venezuela. Mr. Ruiz has also held various governmental positions in the Ministries of the Economy, Finance and Commerce. He was Undersecretary of International Economy and Competition and Chairman of the Economic Policy Committee of the European Union from 1991 to 1993. He was responsible for Spain’s relations with the OECD, IMF and the World Bank, where he also served as a consultant. Mr. Ruiz holds a BA in Economics from the Universidad Autónoma de Madrid and is a member of the Spanish civil service as Técnico Comercial and Economista del Estado. Key note closing speech (in order of appearance) Introduced by EMMANUEL MACRON MINISTER FOR ECONOMY, INDUSTRY AND THE DIGITAL SECTOR, FRANCE Emmanuel Macron was born in December 1977 in Amiens. He studied philosophy and was Paul Ricœur’s assistant for two years before attending the Ecole Nationale d’Administration (ENA) where he graduated from in 2004. Emmanuel Macron then joined the Inspectorate General of Finance (IGF) and, in 2007, became expert adviser to the head of department. In this capacity, he served as rapporteur for the Commission pour la libération de la croissance française (French Commission on Economic Growth), chaired by Jacques Attali. He then went to work in the banking industry. In 2011, he was involved in François Hollande’s campaign for the socialist party’s presidential primary and, subsequently, in the presidential campaign itself. During the latter campaign, he was tasked with coordinating a group of experts and with drawing up the candidate’s economic manifesto. In May 2012, he took up the position of Deputy Secretary General of the President’s Private Office with particular responsibility for monitoring strategy and economic affairs, and for overseeing fiscal, financial, tax and sector-based issues. On 26 August 2014, Emmanuel Macron was appointed Minister for the Economy, Industry and the Digital Sector in the government headed up by Manuel Valls. His mandate is to ensure France’s economic recovery. LUIS GUILLERMO SOLÍS PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF COSTA RICA During the past 30 years, President Solís has been a Professor, Researcher and Academic Administrator at both the University of Costa Rica and the National University of Costa Rica, as well as a visiting professor at the Universities of Michigan and Florida (USA). He worked in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs between 1986 and 1990—where he actively participated in the formulation and negotiation of the peace plan for Central America—as well as in the Latin American Faculty of Social Sciences (FLACSO), the Ibero-American Secretariat and the Foreign Service Foundation for Peace and Democracy, founded by Madrigal Nieto. He was appointed Ambassador of Costa Rica for Central American Affairs and Director of Foreign Policy, from 1994 to 1998. As a result of his solid experience in the field of International Relations, President Solís has published over 10 books and written extensively for newspapers and magazines. President Solís was sworn in on 8 May 2014, after garnering a historical 77.8 percent of the votes cast. President Solís leads Costa Rica’s Government with the utmost dedication on the path to development. The core values of his administration are inclusion, change and social justice. About the 7th International Economic Forum on Latin America and the Caribbean The 7th edition of the International Economic Forum on Latin America and the Caribbean provides the opportunity to discuss challenges and to share solutions regarding sustainable economic development in the region. The economic slowdown that began in Latin America in 2010 is continuing. According to preliminary data, the region’s economy grew slightly over 1% in 2014 (compared with 2.5% in 2013 and 2.9% in 2012), less than the OECD average for the first time in ten years. In 2015, growth is expected to reach a feeble 1%. These developments will be driven by the less favourable international climate of the past five years, due to lower commodity prices (especially for oil, metals and minerals), and the economic slowdown in China. Also of note is the rising cost of external financing and more restrained capital inflow prospects due to the tightening of US monetary policy. Education, skills and innovation are key areas to enable more Latin American countries to escape the middle-income trap and strengthen the region’s emerging middle class. Improvements to the stock and quality of education and skills, together with a stable macroeconomic context and an innovation-friendly environment, determine countries’ capacity to direct their growth models towards higher value-added activities. Investment in human capital drives long-term economic growth and is an essential part of any inclusive-growth strategy. It is therefore necessary to improve equality of opportunity and social mobility by limiting the effect of people’s socio-economic background and informal employment on their access to high-quality education at all levels. Efforts to improve education and skills will only raise labour productivity, create high-quality jobs and reduce the size of the informal economy if they are supported by greater innovation. The Forum is the annual meeting of policy makers, economists, researchers and high-level representatives from the private sector, working on and with Latin America. Since 2009, more than 400 participants have met every year to discuss the performance of Latin American and Caribbean economies and the major challenges faced by the continent. About the organisers The mission of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) is to promote policies that will improve the economic and social well-being of people around the world. The OECD provides a forum in which governments can work together to share experiences and seek solutions to common problems. The OECD Development Centre, whose membership is open to both OECD and non-OECD countries, occupies a unique place within the OECD and in the international community. The Centre counts nine member countries from the Latin America and Caribbean region. The 2015 edition of the Centre’s Latin American Economic Outlook looks at the theme of education and skills for structural change and development -- www.oecd.org/dev The Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) is the largest source of development financing for Latin America and the Caribbean. Since its creation in 1959, the IDB has worked for the economic and social development of the region. It provides loans as well as grants and technical assistance. The IDB counts 48 member countries, including 26 Latin American and Caribbean borrowing members, who have a majority ownership of the IDB -- www.iadb.org The Ministry for Finance and Public Accounts and the Ministry for the Economy, Industry and the Digital Sector of France design and implement government policy in the areas of economy, finance, consumer affairs and fraud control, foreign trade, industry, energy, and the digital economy -- www.economie.gouv.fr Media Partners À propos de la 7ème édition du Forum International Économique sur l’Amérique latine et les Caraïbes La 7ème édition du Forum économique international sur l'Amérique latine et les Caraïbes fournit l'occasion de discuter des défis et de partager des solutions en matière de développement économique durable dans la région. Le ralentissement économique qui a commencé en Amérique latine en 2010 se poursuit. Selon les données préliminaires, l'économie de la région a augmenté un peu plus de 1% en 2014 (contre 2,5% en 2013 et 2,9% en 2012), inférieure à la moyenne de l'OCDE pour la première fois en dix ans. En 2015, la croissance devrait atteindre 1%. Ces développements seront conduits par le climat international moins favorable des cinq dernières années, en raison des prix des produits de base (en particulier pour le pétrole, les métaux et minéraux), et le ralentissement économique en Chine. La hausse du coût de financement extérieur et de plus sobre perspectives quant aux entrées de capitaux, en raison du resserrement de la politique monétaire américaine est également à noter. L’éducation, la formation et l'innovation sont des domaines clés pour permettre aux pays d'Amérique latine d'échapper au piège du revenu intermédiaire et de renforcer l'émergence de la classe moyenne de la région. Les améliorations apportées à la quantité et qualité de l'éducation et des compétences, dans un contexte macroéconomique stable et un environnement favorable à l'innovation, déterminent la capacité des pays à diriger leurs modèles de croissance vers des activités à valeur ajoutée plus élevée. Investir dans le capital humain stimule la croissance économique à long terme et constitue un élément essentiel de toute stratégie de croissance inclusive. Il est donc nécessaire d'améliorer l'égalité des chances et la mobilité sociale en limitant les conséquences de l'origine socio-économique des personnes et de l'emploi informel sur leur accès à l'éducation de haute qualité à tous les niveaux. Les efforts visant à améliorer l'éducation et les compétences augmenteront la productivité du travail, créeront des emplois de haute qualité et réduiront la taille de l'économie informelle s’ils sont soutenus par une plus grande innovation. Le Forum est la réunion annuelle de responsables politiques, d’économistes, de chercheurs et de représentants de haut niveau du secteur privé, travaillant sur et avec l'Amérique latine. Chaque année depuis 2009, il réunit plus de 400 participants pour discuter de la performance des économies d'Amérique latine et des Caraïbes et des principaux défis auxquels est confronté le continent. A propos des organisateurs La mission de l'Organisation de Coopération et de Développement Économiques (OCDE) est de promouvoir les politiques qui amélioreront le bien-être économique et social partout dans le monde. L’OCDE offre aux gouvernements un forum où ils peuvent conjuguer leurs efforts, partager leurs expériences et chercher des solutions à des problèmes communs. Le Centre de Développement, dont l’adhésion est ouverte tant aux pays membres de l’OCDE qu’aux non membres, occupe une position unique au sein de l’OCDE et de la communauté internationale. Il compte neuf pays membres de la région latino-américaine. L’édition 2015 des Perspectives Économiques de l’Amérique Latine traite du thème de l’éducation et des compétences comme leviers de changement structurel et de développement -- http://www.oecd.org/fr/dev/ La Banque interaméricaine de développement (BID) est la principale source de financement multilatéral et d'expertise pour un développement économique, social et institutionnel durable en Amérique latine et dans les Caraïbes. Depuis sa fondation en 1959, la BID soutient des initiatives de développement économiques et sociales dans la région. Elle octroie des prêts, ainsi que des subventions et de l’assistance technique. La BID compte 48 pays membres, dont 26 sont des membres emprunteurs en Amérique latine et dans les Caraïbes -www.iadb.org/fr Le Ministère des Finances et des Comptes publics et le Ministère de l’Économie, du Redressement productif et du Numérique de France formulent et mettent en œuvre les politiques gouvernementales dans les domaines de l’économie, des finances, de la consommation et du contrôle des fraudes, mais aussi du commerce extérieur, de l’industrie, de l’énergie, et de l’économie digitale -- www.economie.gouv.fr Partenaires médias Sobre la séptima edición del Foro Económico Internacional de América Latina y el Caribe La séptima edición del Foro Económico Internacional de América Latina y el Caribe ofrece la oportunidad de discutir los desafíos y compartir soluciones para el desarrollo económico sostenible en la región. La crisis económica que se inició en América Latina en 2010 continúa. De acuerdo con datos preliminares, la economía de la región se ha incrementado un poco más de 1% en 2014 (frente al 2,5% en 2013 y 2,9% en 2012), inferior a la media de la OCDE, por primera vez en diez años. En 2015, se espera un crecimiento para llegar a 1%. Estos avances se verán impulsadas por el entorno internacional menos favorable de los últimos cinco años, debido a los precios de las materias primas (especialmente para petróleo, los metales y minerales), y la desaceleración económica en China. El aumento en el costo del financiamiento externo y las perspectivas más sobrio de las entradas de capital, debido al endurecimiento de la política monetaria estadounidense es también para señalar. Educación, formación y la innovación son áreas clave para que los países de América Latina para escapar de la trampa de ingresos medios y potenciar el surgimiento de la clase media en la región. Las mejoras en la cantidad y calidad de la educación y las habilidades en un entorno macroeconómico estable y un entorno favorable para la innovación, determinan la capacidad de los países para gestionar sus modelos de crecimiento hacia actividades más alto valor añadido. La inversión en capital humano aumenta a largo plazo el crecimiento económico y un componente esencial de cualquier estrategia de crecimiento inclusivo. Por tanto, es necesario mejorar la igualdad de oportunidades y la movilidad social, al limitar el impacto de la situación socioeconómica de las personas y el empleo informal en su acceso a la educación de alta calidad a todos los niveles. Los esfuerzos para mejorar la educación y las habilidades aumentarán la productividad del trabajo, la creación de empleos de alta calidad y reducir el tamaño de la economía informal si es compatible con una mayor innovación. El Foro es la reunión anual de políticos, economistas, investigadores y representantes de alto nivel del sector privado, que trabajan en y con América Latina. Cada año, desde 2009, reúne a más de 400 participantes para discutir el desempeño de las economías de América Latina y el Caribe y los principales desafíos que enfrenta el continente. Sobre los organizadores La misión de la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económico (OCDE) es promover políticas que mejoren el bienestar económico y social en todo el mundo. La OCDE es un foro en el que los gobiernos pueden trabajar juntos, compartir experiencias y buscar soluciones a problemas comunes. El Centro de Desarrollo, cuya membrecía está abierta tanto a los miembros y no miembros de la OCDE, ocupa una posición única dentro de la OCDE y comunidad internacional. El Centro cuenta con nueve países miembros región de América Latina. La edición de 2015 de las Perspectivas Económicas de América Latina ocupa el tema de la educación y las competencias como motor del cambio estructural y del desarrollo -- www.oecd.org/dev El Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID) es la principal fuente de financiamiento multilateral para un desarrollo económico, social e institucional sostenible en América latina y el Caribe. Desde su fundación en 1959, el BID apoya iniciativas de desarrollo económico y social en la región. Además de los préstamos, ofrecemos donaciones, asistencia técnica y realizamos investigaciones. Nuestros accionistas son los 48 países miembros, incluidos los 26 países miembros prestatarios de América Latina y el Caribe, que tienen una participación mayoritaria del BID -- www.iadb.org/es El Ministerio de Hacienda y Cuenta Pública y el Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Sector Digital de Francia formulan e implementan las políticas gubernamentales en las áreas de economía, finanzas, consumación y control de los fraudes, sino también el comercio, la industria, la energía y la economía digital -- www.economie.gouv.fr Con la colaboración media de Notes: ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 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