BuiietinofGlaciologicalResear（：h18（2001）7f州プ署 ア7 ⑥JapaneseSocietyofSnowan8Ice OverviewofglaciologicalresearchprojectinPatagoniain1998and1999：Holoceneglaciervariationsand their mechanisms Masamu Aniya and RenjiNaruse− 1InstituteofGeoscience，Ur］iversityofTsukuba，Ibaraki305T8571Japan 2‡ns琉uteofLovTe三nperatureScie三ICe，Hokkaidoぴniversity，SapporoO60−0819Japan （ReceivedNoveml）er6，2000；Re扇sedmanuscriptreceivedDecember13，2000） Abstract ThePatagonia‡cefield（Hie王osPatag6nicos）comprisesHieloPatag蝕icoNorte（HPN）andHieまoPatag8nico SurくHPS）andistわeまargesttemperateicet〉Odyint壬IeSout壬iernHemispberewitb偽ecomb主nedareaoflア，200kmZ， GlaciologicalresearchprojectinPatagoniawascarriedoutin1998and1999，withthetwomainobjectives；（1）to elucidatetheHoloceneglaciervariationsofHPN，and（2）todrillintheaccumulationareaofGlaciarTyndallof HPS．Theotberresearcbtopicsincluded；（1）giacioiogical，meteOrOlogicalandbydroiogicalreslユⅣeySatGiaciar Soler of HPN，（2）study ofsnow／icebiology（insects and algae）at Glaciar Tyndallof HPS，く3）ice calvimg observationandmeasurementsofGiaciarPeritoMorenoofHPS，（4）bathymetricsurveyofBrazoUpsalaofLago Årgenti壬10in抒PS，and痔）aeria王surveyofGlac主arSoierandHPNoutietglaciers．TilebackgroundoftileprOject ispresented，andfieldworkandsomeofthemajorresultsaredescribed， 1．lntroduction Å鮎r five years ofわiatus since1993，Glaciological ResearchProjectinPatagonia（GRPP）wasresumedfor1998 and1999withthetwomainobjectives； （1）to e王uciぬteぬe‡iolocene glacier variations of Hielo Patag8nicoNorte（HPN），and（2）todrillirltheaccumulation areaofGlaciarTyⅥda1lofHieioPatag8nicoSurくHPS）in ordertoestimatetheannualaccumulationrateaswellasto CarryOutChemicalanalysesoficecoresamplesfordetecting enviro‡1mentalcbarlgeS． Tbe o払er re＄earC壬ItOpicsinci㍑ded；（1）giaciological， meteorologlCalandhydroiogicalresurveysatGlaciarSoler OfHPN，（2）sとudyofsnow／icebiologアミ如SeCtandaigae）at Glaciar Tyndallof HPS，（3）ice calving observation and measurements ofGlaciar Perito Moreno of HPS，（4）bath・ ymetricsurveyofBraz8UpsalaofLagoArgentinoinHPS， and（5）aerialsurveyofGlaciarSoierandotltletglaciersof Hl）N． TbePatagoniaIcefie王d（HielosPatagさnまcos）islocated betweenlatitudesof46O30′Sand5lO30′Salonglongitudeof 73O30′W．It stretches nearly500km northwsouth，with the Width varyingなom8k汀蔓tO45krn．‡t comprises Hielo Patag8nicoNorte（orNorthernPatagoniaIcefield）withan area of4200km2（ぎig．1）and Hieio Patag如ico Sl汀（or Sout壬IemPatagonia‡ce茄e王d）withanareaof13，000km2（Fig． 2）．Togethertheycomprisethelargesttemperateicebodyin thcSouthernHemispherewherelandmassisscarce；thlユSthe locationof払ePatagoniaIcefieldisverylmpOrtanttOeまuci− date払eglobalpict11reOftbeenvironmentalchanges．The Patagoniarlgiaciersarecbaracterizedbylargeamounts（）f acctlmlユ1ationandabiation．Infact，theannualaccumulation is estimated to be around10，000mm on theicefield from hy（まrologicaldata（Escobargf超ぇ′1992）． Fig．1．LarldsatMSSmosaicofHieloPatag6nicoNorte（Feb． 9，1987）．Tbeoriginalisacolorcompositeimage、TbeⅥ7bite areainthecenとeristbeicef重eld． Bulletin ofGlaciologlCalResearch 72 Fig．3，MapshowingthevicinityofthevalleyofRioSolerand Glaciar Soler，HPN． andemptiesintoLagoPlomo（elevationabout200ma．s．1．）， Whichis separated by terminalmoraines from Lago Ber− trand（Fig．3）．Itsheadislocatedneartheaccumulationarea ofGlaciar Nef atthe elevation ofaround1300m．AboutlO kmfromthemouth，Rfo Cacho，thebiggesttributary，joins from the north，draining Glaciar Soler，Laguna Soler （Glaciar Cacho and an unnamedglacier）and an unnamed glacier．Anothermajor tributary301nlngfromthe northis R了o Turbio（localname）．One ofthetwo moraine−dammed sourcelakes，Laguna delCo．Largo，Outburstin1989（or 1987），Whichwasprobablycausedbyiceavalanche（s）from the southern flank of Co．Largo，CauSing a catastrophic debris flowin R了o Turbio and floodin R‡o Soler．The upstreamofthemainstreamfromthisconfluenceiscalled Rio Romerobylocalpeople．Asmalltributary，draininga SmallmarginallakeofGlaciarNef，joinsfromthesouthR子o Romero． Fig．2．LandsatTMmosaicofHieloPatag6nicoSur（Jan．14， 1986）．The originalis a color compositeimage．Thelight gray areain the centeris theicefield．White specs are clouds． In this valley，1andforms，in particularidentifying moraines，Wereinvestigated，COllecting14Cdatingmaterials inordertoelucidatetheHoloceneglacialchronology． ユ」．（ご／（／l、山J■7こ川‘山／／り∫軌り Thisglacierislocated nearthesouthernend of HPS， withanareaof339km2，alengthof32km，andAARofO．64 2．Studysites （Naruse et al．，1987）．It had been steadily retreating since 1944until1986（Aniya et al．，1997），however，itretreateda maximumofl．6kmbetween1986and1994，losinganareaof 2．了．C血c由γ50Jβγロ9殉 GlaciarSoler（Fig，3）isasmallglacierlocated onthe 4A7km2（Aniya etal．，2000）．GRPPwascarriedoutherein 1985，1990and1993，focusingprimarilyonmeasuringsurface eastsideofHPN，Withanareaof51km2，alengthof16．6km， profiles（Naruseetal．，1987；Kadota etalリ1992；Nishidaet andanaccumulationarearatio（AAR）ofO．71（Aniya，1988）． Theablationareabelowabigicefall（700mhigh）fromthe al．，1995）．Theglacierthicknesswasalsomeasuredwithan iceradar，forthefirsttimeinPatagonia，reVealingthat a icefieldhasbeensubjectedtoextensiveglaciologlCalstudies duringthe1980sbyGRPP．Theglacierthicknesswasesti− maximumismorethan600m thick（Casassa，1992）．Since mated to be200−600m by the gravity anomaly method accesstothisglacierfromthePaineNationalPark Head− andcalvingcommenced，althoughitdoesnotappearactive yet．Icesupplyfromtheicefieldhasconsiderablydiminished during thelast15years or so，from observation of the exposed bedrockin the bigicefall．In1998 the same glaciologicalandmeteorologicalmeasurementswerecarried Outinordertocomparewiththoseoftheearlierones． glacierischosenforadrillingsite． （Casassa，1987）．Aproglaciallakewasformed around1990，quartersis relatively easy，the accumulation area of this 2．2．乃β〃αJ桓げ月わSoおγ〃淵ノ R子oSolerflowsalmostwesteaSt，isroughly30kmlong 2．4．G血c由γfセわわ肋柁乃0〃99勤 Thisglacieriscommonlycalledjust“GlaciarMoreno”， andhasanareaof257km2withalengthof30km．AARis O．73，andthehypsometryofthedrainageareasuggeststhat the glacieris not susceptible to ELA（Equilibrium Line Altitude）shift（AniyaandSkvarca，1992）・Thisglacierisone ofthetwoglaciersinHPSwhichhavenotretreatedduring Arl邑yaandNaruse こブ 払e】asと50years，tbeotberbei罰gP富0ⅩⅠ，theiargesもgiacier inSoutbAmerica．Thi＄glacieriswelトknownforrepeated dammingofBrazoRicobyreacbing洩eoppositebankoftbe lake．Since1947，tbe snotlt OSCiiまated and漁e giacier was profiまeandobtainedatbinni喝OfaboutlOmintwoyearsat thelower reach of the giacier．Casassa（1987）estimated 洩icknessof怯eglacierwitbgravityanomaユymeasure‡nentS， a‡ldusingぬesurねceprof主Ieheinferred洩ebedrockpro嘉1e． Naruse g言戊￡ブ199乳Since acce∬も0払is giacierまs easy， StruCture，fまowdata，andsurねce andbedrock topograpby were discussed（Aniya et ai”1988）．Åt Glaciar Soler，ice avalaれChesfromCo．Hyades（3087m）wererecordedlユSinga time箋apse8mmfilmc呈まmera（Kobaya洩ia‡ldNaruse，1987）◆ Hvdrology was aiso王neaSured to di＄Cu∬tbe relationship w主th meteorology andglacier鮎w（Saito and Kobayaぬi， 1985；FⅥkamiandEscobar，ヱ987；Naru＄eβg或1992）． In1985，tbe頁rstdrilli喝WaSaCCOmplisbedinPatagonia at the accumulation area of Glaciar San Rafaelァwhich stiCCeeded to bo王・e34m8eep（Yama（ia，1987），From血is consideredin the eqtユiまibrilユm（An主ya and Skvarca，ま992； relativeIymanyglaciologicalstudieshavebeencarriedout hereinciudingGRPP90and93，amO喝Whicb払eonebyRott g夏戊よ（199郎ismostcomprebens主ve．fnordertoestimaもetbe ann㍊aima岱balance，tbeeva王uationofcaivingwasfoundto beessentiai， ニJ；．β川こりトか√7ん川川7（品眉■′一け（ナ∫（∼由りJ里川 BrazoUpsalaisabranchofLagoArgentino，inwbicb Co‡nb払i喝thesedata，まn七e汀eiationsbipsbetweer蔓thest汀face Gまaciar Upsala caives．G呈aciar Up＄aまais the tbird王argest dl・illill主ミ，rht：a1日しlこIl11ビt；1L：Cし1mulこ1tiいn、、’こISfurthefit−Sttinein giacierinSouthAmerica，Wi馳anarea of857km2and a lengtb of60km．ÅARi＄0，68and払e hypsometry oftbe Patagoniaesモi主naもedtobe3，45m（watereqtlivalent）fortbe drainageareasuggest＄thattheglacierissusceptibietoE year1984／85． 3．BackgroundofGRPP 3．之椚 Aftercompletingtwofieldseasons，Åniya（1988）com− shift（Aniya andSkvarca，1992）．Aftertemporary advance betvee111968and1977，tbisgiaciercommencedrapidreces− pietedaninve11tOryOf280utleとglacier＄，圭nciudingestimates oftheELÅs．Healsoelucidatedthevariationoftheseoutlet sion withlarge−SCale ca王ving（Aniya and Skvarca，1992； glacierssince1944／45andぬsbeeヱIupdat摘gくAniya，1992； Å萄iyaぞ才鐙乙タ2800），NarほSe and Skv温rCa（2000）expまa払ed Ⅵraぬa王1dAlliya，ユ995；ÅniyaandⅥrakao，1997；A11iya，1999； t壬1eSepbe王10mena（きfextensivecalvingbyglacierstretchi喝 Åniya，280ユ）．払ad蛍tiontothoseofたciaまGRPア，Åniyawent alldtb主nning．BrazotJpsala主ユaSa王naXim㍊れ1dept王IeXCeedi噸 back to Glaciar Soleronhis ownin1995and coliected14C 600m．ItwasnotedinNovember1999thatthele鉦margin ぬtingmate貞a王s，basedo釣WhicbAniyaandNaruseくま999） wasterminatingorl王andarldnolorlgerCalvi喝intbe呈ake． idenとi舅edtwolatest‡1eOglaciaもions（1300BCand16tbcen【 Å鉦erGR㌘P90and930neOftbemembers，Pe由・oSkvarca， tu汀）．T壬IeSedataarethefi柑もOfi短kin∂inHPNandslユggeSも Insti蝕もOAnはrticoÅrgenぬ0，Wentbackぬereonbisown SeVeraltimestolocatethesnoutpo＄i転onasweiiasmeasur− somesyncbronyoftheHoloceneglaciatまonsbeとVeen王貯N ing the depth of thelake，From these experience，it was andHPS・AIsoMatsuokaenttOtheaccumulationareaof Gまaciar Nefin1996and dr呈1ied at tbe elevation of1500m understoodtbattわecompletebat‡lymetryOfBrazotJpsaまa doⅦntO14，5‡nandestimatedtわeanllualmetacct王mdat呈onof was essen貢altounderstand tbe retreat mechanism of汰e 2，2m（w、e．）in1996（MatsuokaandNaruse，1999）． glこICiビl■． GR‡〉Pwasi‡iiti離edin1983−84メandcarriedoutin1985 −86圭n‡壬㌘N（Nakajima，1985；1987），andi托1998aild1992圭n HpS（NamseandÅniya，1992；1995）． ユJ．〃r：＼ナ In‡‡PN，Glaciar Sa‡1Rafaelon the weSt Side of tbe icefieldandGiaciarSole‡・Ontbeeastsまdeof洩eicefieldwere chosenねrcomparat行es乞udiesinmeもe（汀Oiogy aio‡1gW独 0払er ob紀rVaも毎n／measureme‡1tS SuCb as giacier fiow， わydro王ogy，SnOWまnsect＄，a重1d aeria呈pbotograp壬1ic s㍑rVey， Fromtbesestudies，tbestrongeasトVeSもCOntraStOfmeteoナ roiogyandsteepclimategradientwereeiucidated（Kobaya・ s壬IiandSa主to，1985；Oh離a g夏α乙，1985a，軋王tⅥraSin tbis projecttbatthe蔦0VSpeedofGlaciarS抑RafaelwasねⅥild to exceed17m／dattbeこaivings王10utぁまringt王ieSummeで GRPP1990and1993were conceれtratedinIiPS，at GlaciarUpsala，PeritoMore‡10andTyndali†andinAm咤甑 ino vaまIey．Tbe maまn theme vas stl頭ace profiie cbanges （NarもiSeandÅniya，1992；199弘丁壬Ii王Ⅵ血gofGまaciarUpsa呈a between1990and1993wasllm／a，byfar偽eiargestintbe world（Skvarca et ai．，1995）．Thinning ofGlaciar Tyndali was4、Om／afor1985肌90（Kadotag≠招Jリ1992）and3．1m／aねr 1990叫93（Nisbiぬg￡αg．タ1995）．On血eotberband，払esurねce profiierelⅥainedunc王1a喝edatGまaciarPeritoMoreno（Nar− use g才αgりユ995）．Byide如ifyingmorainesandwitblヰCd汲も− ings，tbe罠0まocene gまaciaicbr（）nOlogy was elucidated for Glacまartアpsala，TyndalまandÅmegbino，andぎourNeく〉gまacia− tionsⅥrereprOpOSedねrHPS（Aniya，1995，199軋 UsiT唱LandsatTMdataandaeria呈pho紬酢apbs，Åniya 留吉虎￡（1996）made a compreねens主veinven紬ry of H壬）S，i‡1 Wbich tbeyi8entified4801珪王et glaciers wi洩est主maモes of （NartlSe，1985）， EIノÅs，Åt tもe sa‡ne time Aniya g若α￡（199ア）eiucidated Nef，Ko弘法ima（1985）払undsれ0Ⅵrinsec晦StOne幻y（鞄c密書g㌣ 仏G㌢砂塵ぞり褒ゐ）andsnov鮎a（Coガ留別∂∂紘加わ摺α玖），for variousremotelysense（ldata，Apartfromoursもudy，Arisねでぺ ainandDeimas（1993）dTilまed13，2matthea（ニClユmⅥiationarea of Gまaciar Perito Moreno，ぎindingl．2m w息Of a汀‡ea‡l annua昆netaccumuia霞onねrtheyear198l冊86． AstberesⅥ1tsoftheses餌diesirlH㌘NandHPS，itba＄ AtthreeglaciersofHPN，GlaciarSanRafael，Soler，and tbefirsttimeinPatagonia．Tbisis洩eむst陀pOrtOfslユCぬ insectsoutsideof払ef‡主ma王aya． 0ver Giaciar Soier，Semi【Verticaiaerial頭10も喝rapby withaformatof6Ⅹ6cmwasfloⅥrnin1984and1986and汰e st汀face stnユdure of t壬1e glacierⅥraS mapped aild sttldied （Anまya and NarじSe，1985，1986，198ア）．Naru紀（1985，1987） meastired幻owspeedofGiacierSoi野，aSWellas也eさurねce variations of these glaciers between1945and1986，uSing becomeapparenttbatdri11inginHPSisnecessaryinorderto estimate tbe aIlnualnet accumulatio呈1，and calvingis very importa三1もto t主nderstand giacまer dynamics of Patagon主an g呈ac融sa‡−8toobtainanestimateofthea苅田Ⅵaimassもaト Bulletin of Giaciological Research 1 ance．Outofmorethan700utletglaciersofHPNandHPS， 4．エ2．7協βぴαJJ砂〆忍わふ）わγ HPN．Thereforeitisobviousthatmuchmorefieldstudieson dating，although carbon materials were extremely scarce there．The obtained dates suggest that the samples are probablycontaminatedbymodernroots． onlythreearenotcalving．Therestiscalvinginlakesonthe Aniya，withthehelpofCesarAcuaaandGregoryKay， worked on identifying and mapping glacial landforms diseastandinfjordonthewestoftheicefield．Anotherimpor・ tribt旺edintbevaileyofR盲oSolerfromtheentranceofLago tant topicis the王ioiocene giacier variations of HPN・ PloInOall払eⅥ7ayuptOneartbe王妃ad．Heidentifiedseveral Å助olユgb払urmajorneoglaciationsbavebeenestabiisb・edin HPS（Aniya，1995），Onlythelatesttwohavebeenidentifiedinterminalmorainesandmanagedtocollect18sampiesfor14C theglacia11andformsanddatingsareneededinHPN・ 4．Fieldworkandmajorfindings 4．J．J99βαC≠グ即ダガ鮎 FieldworkwasconcentratedatGlaciarSolerandinthe va11eyofR70SolerofHPNin1998・ ‘J．J．／．Cん汀んけ・51つ／（リ・ AtGlaciarSoierthesubjectsofthemeasurementsand observationsareasfollows； （1）surfaceprofile， （2）flowspeed， （3）strainrate， （4）ablations， Two‡nOrai王1e−dammedlakeslocatedattbebeadsofR言o Tlユrbio were visited and mapped for moraine distribution． The moraine damming Laguna delCo．Largo whichburst outin1989（or1987）was found to consist of two closely spacedterminalmoraines（theLittleIceAgeandearlier？） （Fig．5）．DuetothisolユtbtlrSt，thevalleyfloorofR言oTurbio wascompletelydevastatedもythedeposまtまonofb喝ebolユl− ders（longaxisexceedinglOm），andthevalleyofR了oSoler wascompletelywashedoutalmosttotheconfluenceofR‡o Cachova11ey．Theroughsurveyindicatesthatthelakelevel wasdroppedby97mandhaslostO．176km30fwater，erOding rougbiy325Ⅹ104m30fmorainicmateriais・Accordingtotbe locaiiribabitantsiiviIlgattbeInOuthofR富oSoler，SOme25 kmdownstream，thefloodwasuptothelevelofeavesof （5）meteorologyandheatbudget， theirhouses，about3−4mhigherthanthenormallevel・ （6）hydrologyofrunoffstream，and （7）observationoficeavalanches・ Naruse，Yamaguchi，Matsumoto and Ohno measured te王nperatllre，preCipitation，albedo，a‡idwindfromNov・15to Dec．10at the base camp and on the glacier，aS Welまas measuring surface profile，flow spced，and strain rate・ StreamrunoffwasmeasuredseveraltimesbetweenNov．18 and Dec．10．These measurements are compared to tho＄e measuredin1984and1986．Izumirecordedice avalanche activitiesbyavideocamera女omNov，26toI）ec．9，VbicII canbecomparedwiththedataKobayashiandNaruse（1987） recordedin1984and1985，Thesurfaceloweringfrom1985to 1998wasfoundtobe42m±5m，i．e．3．2±5m／a（Naruse et al”2000）．Flow speed decreased almostlinearly from abol止0．6m／dintbemid−reaChoftbeablationareatoO・25 m／dneartileSnOut，andfluct11atedasmucbas払reetim腎 daybyday（Yamaguchieiai．，inpreparation）・Theprog・ 1aciallakehasbeensteadilyenlargingsincearound1990，and thesnouttipcouldbarelybereachedfromthefrontin1998 （Fig、4；inFeb．2000，itwasdetachedfromtheland；perS・ comm．NeilGlas麗r，Jlユne2000）． Fi払5・LagunadelCo・Largoandthedevastatedvalleyfloor duetoanoutburstflood（PhotobyM．Aniya；Nov．29，1999）。 Themorainedammingthelakeappearsonesystemdueto heavyvegetationcover；however，inthefielditwasfound outthattwocIoselyspacedridges，thtlSPrObabiyrepresenト IngtWOadvances，COnStitl三tetbismoraine−Tbeiaketotbe rightisunnamed． イ．ノ．ユ．1り坑7／∫J…・り・ Aspartofthecontinuingproject，Aniyamadeanaerial surveyOfoutletglaciersofHPNonNovember30，1998，for astudyoftbeglaciervariation，Unねrtunately，tbeweatber vasnotgoodontheⅥreSternSideoftheice貞eld，inparticular southwesternsideoftheicefield．Consequently，0nly150ut of210utletglacierswhichhavebeencontinuouslymonitored forvariationsince1944werephotographedforstudy・Itwas foundoutthatGlaciarSanRafaelhadadvancedsome350m between1995プ96and1998／99． 4．2．ヱ脚αC如才才gβざ Fig，4．GlaciarSolerinNovember1999（PhotobyM・Aniya； Nov．23，1999）．Theglaciersurfaceofthefrontalareahas becomeveryflatandsmootb血etostagnationoficearld mddng． 4．2」．Gぬc由γ7ケ乃（おJJ ThedrillingwasplannedtoborelOOmintheaccumula− tionareaofGlaciarTyndall．Afterwaitingfortwoweeksin Pt111taÅrenasandatぬePainePark HeadqlユarterSdueto ArとiyaandNaruse 乃 incまement weather conditio王ュS，threeJapanese（Kobshima， there払eydroveittothecampsitetogetthedrillingteam ShiraiwaandKubota）andthreeChileans（Qtlinteros，Godoi，OutOftheicefield．Thedril最ngpartyhadtoabandonmostof and Arevalo）were flownin by a壬Ieiicopter operated by 払eirvalual〕1eequipment主ncllまdi喝血ilii喝apparat喝and partof也eicecorestbeyretrieved，1好h主1eat払edr主11ingsite ChileanAirForceonNovember29，and払edriiiingcamp for払reeⅥreeks，伍esnowaccumulationamoⅥnモedtoso王Ⅵe4 vas estabiisbed aモモbe eievation of1756m（Fig．隠Tbe Ⅵ昭atberinPatagoniaduringNoveヱnberamdDeceInber1999 min魚ickness．Tbisexperienceitseifprovidesararedataon WaSeXtremelybad，andthedelayforcedthemtoquitdrilling Operation at tbe dep払of46m on December9．Tbein −COmingbelicopterfl主ghttogetthemoutof汰eicefieidwa＄ forcedtoⅥrait untiまDecember23a魚ertwo weeks ofs七and −by．Evenonthisday，也eclol昆dceili噸WaSabout1300恥 Ⅴぬic壬IPreVentedtbehel主copもercoming onto払ecamps吏te directly．TwoChileanmembers（CasassaandRivera）took skidooin tbeheiicopterⅥrhicblanded王ュear1300m．From SnOWaCCumulationanddri11ingoperationinthefuture． IntheabiatioIlarea，て、akeucbiworkedonsnowプg王acier bioま噸y，COま王ectiれginsectsandalgaes． ▲J．ユユ（′ご山（、畠J・ハリ九I．1ノり汀〃り Naru派 and Kobayasbi喜ndependently worked on measurlng and observlng Calving events．Naruse analyzed 払esnoutchangesbycaまvingactivitieswi払stereogrotlnd p壬10tO黍汀aphs fro王n tbe sou汰western sbore．Since calving callSeSaSeriesofvaveswbicbmaybecapとuredl）yaWater 王eveigauge，Kobayashirecordcdcaivingeventsbysettir主ga Waterlevelgaugeatthesoutbwestemshore（Fig，7）． 尋．之3．馳∂こ診朗由 Skvarca worked on払eもa払ymetry of Brazo Upsala， Ⅶith払eheipof‡漬iguelBeizuelafromNationalHydrogra− pbicServicesfromDecemもer8to16．Giaciarぴpsaiaく：Omq mencedrapidretreatintheearly1980sandcontinuesdrastic retreat dtle tO eXtenSive calvi噸OnCein a few to several years，Tberefore，it主smostimportanモモoknoⅥ7thedeptI10f tbelakein order to understand tbe retreat mec王Ianism of ぎig−6、DriliiロgCampSiteaもtheaccl王muia霊onareaofGlaciar Tyndall，HPS（Photo by T．Shiraiwa；December1999）． LookirlgSOutbwardattbeeユevationof1756汀】嶋 Glaciar Upsala，However，again due to unusⅥaliy bad Wea払erinDecember1999，hecouldwork oniytwo and a halfdaysoutofeightdays．Strongwindsmakewaveshigh anddangerotiSlycboppyきandicebergscIlOkedtbelakewater Fig．7．CalvingatGlac王arPeritoMoreno，HPS（PhotosbyS▲Kobayashi；Dec．5，1999）．A：a large calving，about40¶50mhigh．B：a Series ofwaves caused by calving．C：WaVeS WaShingtbesbore．D：Waterievelgaugesetting．‡twa＄pt托Onm（三毛alang王eswhic主lVereSet intowaterwithtwo＄tOrkeSaSWeight，eaehweighingabout30kg．Thebackrotmdisthe SnOutOftbegiaciel■サ 76 BulletinofGlaciologicalResearch （Fig．8）． AniyajoinedtbeSkvarca’spartyat8razotJpsalaand investigatedglaciallandねrmsof汰eValledelasÅmericas （or Vacas），a triもutary vailey of Brazo tJpsala・He also investigatedPearsonIlateralmoraine（ca・1600BP，Aniya， 1995）ontherightbank of Brazo Upsala，COllectingsome datingsamples． イ．ユ・J‥レJ血／∫J′／て−り・∫ AniyamadeaerialsurveysinHPN．First，heflewover GlaciarSoleronNovember29，1999，takingverticalphoto− graphswitha6Ⅹ6cmformatcamera（Fig・9），fromwhich heassernbiedamosaictost11dythesur・facestructureofthe glackrandcomparedit南仏払osemadein1984and1986■ Healsomadeacircumferential幻ightofHPNonNovember 30，1999，takingob！iqtleaerialphotographsofthesnotltOf theoutletglaciersforglaciervariationstudies・Theweather wasverygood onthisday，andhecouldtakeverygood photographsofglaciers，tOgetherwithskillfulflightbythe pilot．ItwasfoundthatGlaciarSanRafael，Whichhadbeen advancingsincearound1992，retreatedbetween1998／99and 1999／2000．EnlargementofproglaciallakesofGlaciarSan QuintinandGrosseisnotable． Fig．8．BrazoUpsalaandGlaciarUpsa】a（PhotosbyM・Aniya； Dec．12，1999），A：upperleftisthegiacierandawhitestrip of主cebergsis blocking theiake・隅iteness at tbelower rまgbtisthereflection ofwater・B：atOuristboat独仏e m主ddleラ豆yi三IgtOpeTletrateintotbemazeofcbaIlneischo− kedbyicebergs． Fig．9t Stereogramsof払esno℃tOfGlaciarSoler，‡‡PN（photosbyM・Aniya；Nov・29，199乳 A：Sbowま1閣thetipoftbesno鴎bareiytouchingtheまand−B＝ieftsideexteれSionof丸 由珊ing汰eenlargedprogiaciallal（eWitbafevまcebergs・笥徹itestl・ipinfrontoftbeiake istbepositionofthegiac絶rfronもarourld1990・ A‡1iyaandNarlユSe 5．Membersoftheproject 7ア RenjiNaruse：Dr．（Glaciologist），Associateprofessor， PuntaArenasブCbile， MiguelA▲Beizuela：Hydrographer，NationalHydrogでapbic Service，Bue王10SAまres，Argentin＆ CesarAcu汽a：Studeれt，Departa‡ⅥentOdeGeograf富a，Univer− S主daddeChile，Santiago，Chile． GregoryKay：Graduatestu8ent，GradlユaもeScboolofEnviro王l≠ mentalSciences，University of Tsukuba，Ibaraki， University，Sapporo，Japan． MasamuAniya：Dr．（Geomorpbo王ogist），prOfessorき Institute of Geosc主ence，University of Tslユkuba， 足odolねdeまValie：Vice d主rector，Insti餌toÅn七会rticoÅr岬 Tbea抒ilまationalldti貞earethoseat血etimeofpartici− pこItiいn． r／l、〃J．亡1（J（7邑T lnstitute of Low Temperature Science，Hokkaido 王baraki，Japarl． J）tナノ†小一L、√7−／け PedroSkvarca：Ing．（Glaciologist），HeadofGiacioiogy‡）ivi− Sion， 王nstituto An路㌻も主co Argenぬ0，Buenos Aまres，Ar− gentina． GinoCasassa：Dr．（Glaciologist），Associateprofessor，Arca de Geociencias，Instituto dela Patagorlia，Univer− SidaddeMagal‡anes，PuntaArenas，Cbile． SbiroKo王ISbima：Dr．（8ioiogisも），Åsociateprofessor， Faculty of Bioscience and王きiotecbnology，Tokyo ‡nstituteofTecbnoiogy，Tokyo，Japan． 凡・∫．・（JハイJ▲l人情れハ S‡lun’icbiKobayasbi：Dr，（Giacioまog主sも），prOfessor， ResearchInstiもute紬r Hazards呈n SnoⅥryÅreas， Niigaもat∫niversity，Niigata，Japan． KaoruIzumi：Dr．（Glaciologist）Associateprofessor， Researc‡lImstiとute for王iazardsin S‡10Wy Areas， NiigatatJniversity，Niigaね，apan． TakayⅥkiShiraiⅥ㌻a：Dr．（Giaciologist），Assist弧tprO短∬Or， Jnl−こ＝． （、り一軒八丁／／†・亡・ん…、∫／由J／fり下 gelltino，BuenosAires，Argenti一級 FernandoEscobar：Researchscientist，DirecciるnGeれeralde Aguas，Ministerio de Obras P肋1icas，Santiago， Chiie． Acknowledgments FieldworkofGRPPin1998and1999wasmadepossible onlytbrolユgbぬegenerolまSSuppOrtby払efollowingpersons andorg描izations． Fまrstofali，WeVOlユidiike七OaCknowまedge‡ion．Yuもun Narita，Ambassador oiJapan to Chile，for his generous assistaれCeinGRPP990perations．1好i也outbiserlt壬IuSiastic SuppOrtfordri臼ぬgatGlaciarTyndall，WeWOuはnothave stlCCeededtodrillarldobtainthevaluabieicecores．Wealso wouidliketo acknowledge MrすHidekiKusakabe，Second Secretary of Embassy ofJapan，for b主s negotiation witb Chi王eanÅirぎorceぎor Tyn血iまoperation．Mr．Yosbまnoblユ Sakarr］OtO，preSidentof“EmpresadeDesarrolloPesquerode Chile，Ltda，”，isthankedforhisgeneroussupportfortran− SpOrtingice cores toJapan．CONAF staff at tbe Paine NationaiParkHead（箋uarとersaiュd‡lelicopterpilotsofCb主iea‡1 ‡nstitute of Low Temperature Science，‡iokkaido University，Sapporo，Japan． ÅndrさsRivera：MS（Geograpber），Åssisとantprofessor， DepartamentodeGeograffa，UniversidaddeChiie， Air Force are aまso thanked for払eir supportin Tyrldalま Sator㍑Yamagucbi：MS（Giacioiogist），Pb．D。Student， Grad㍑ateScboolofEar払E牲VironmentaiSciencesブ HokkajdoUniversity，Sapporo，Japan． TakaneMatsumoto：MS（Hydrologist），PhD．student， GraduateSchoolofEar払Environme王1talSciences， Hokkaidot7niversity，Sapporo，JapaR． inglユSinCaiafateiodging．Mr．D−ReneRe主belofPrefectura Navaまぁe王ped㍑S grea晦，prOViding a boatぎor也e Brazo Santiago，C‡1ile． HirosbiOhno：（Gまacまoiog圭st〉，MSst㍊dent， GTaduateSchoolofEarthEnvironmenta壬Sciences， Ⅰ，王okkaidot†niversity，Sapporo，Japarl． NozomiTakeuchi：Dr．（Biologist），Researcbstudent， Faculty of王葺ioscience and Biotec‡lnOlogy，Tokyo ‡nstituteofTecbnol噌y，Tokyo，Japan． KeまjiKubo七a：（Meもeorologist），MSstuden㌔ GraduateSchoolofEar払Environme王ItaiScierlCeS， HokkaidoUniversity，Sapporo，Japan． F／【イr／．1∬／ヾ／（川／∫ TeodoroTocon盈s：SlユrV野OrナGe‡i血rmeポaNaciona；，駄enos Aires，Argentina． JorgeQuinteros：Tecゎー1ician，Direcciるn GeneraldeAguas， Sailtiago，Cbile． Maria A，Godoi：Biol噸ist，Universidad de Magallane＄， PuntaÅrenas，Cbiie彙 MarceloG彙Årevalo：AndenistaァUniversidaddeMagal呈anes， Operat主on． “Minitrekki喝”based圭れCalafateisacknowledgedf（汀 transporting and housing the members who worked at Glaciar‡〉eritoMoreno，a貸dHosもeria“Schiまl呈ng”forslユppOrt− Upsalaoperation． Mr．AnselmoSotoandMr．AlfonsoGom芭zareacknow− 1edged for tbeir guide a‡ld services witb horsesin Soler Vall野Opera貢onin199臥Pii鴎Mr．Car王osRobertoLe蝕of “DonCario＄Aeroportes，Ltぬ．”inC野baiqueistbaIiked毎r hisskillfulfiightandnav圭gation壬naerialsurveysin1998and 1999，and pil鴫Mr．Freddy Meyer of“Transportes San Rafael”of Coyhaiqueis aiso thanked for modifying his airplane to accommodate a6Ⅹ6cmねrmat camera for verとicaipbo紬grap壬血gin1999，aSWella＄封yingoverGlaciar Soler． FinanciaまsupportoぎGRpP98alld99wasprovidedbya granトin−aidforinternationalscientificresearchprogramby the Ministry ofEduaction，Science，Sports and ClユIture of Japan（projectnumber：100姐105〉． References An言ya，M．（1988）：GiacierinverltOryfortheⅣortぬe‡ⅥPatagOnia‡ce舅ei（i， Chile，and variations1944／媚 to1985／86．Arctic and Alpirle R鴇earCh，20，179】187． Aniya，M．（ユ992）：Glac言ervaria貢0王iin洩eNoTtherrlPatagonia王cef豆e呈d， Bulletin of Glaciological Research 7汐 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