特別講演 Suppressing Unwanted Memories: Cognitive and Neural Systems 5 月 28 日（土） 16:15 17:30 部屋：A101 講演者：M. C. Anderson University of Oregon 司会：川口潤（名古屋大学）講演の内容 People are often confronted with reminders to memories they would prefer not to think about. When this happens, they may try to put the unwanted memories out of awareness. In this talk, I review research showing that our ability to control unwanted memories is implemented by executive control mechanisms that are not limited to controlling memory, but that are essential to overriding prepotent responses more generally. In response override situations, one must stop a strong habitual response to a stimulus when it is not desired. Overriding such a response is accomplished by inhibitory processes that suppress it, enabling flexible control over behavior. A core theme advanced here is that inhibitory mechanisms that control overt behavior are also targeted at declarative memories. In support of this, I will review work on how people use inhibition to control retrieval. Recent neuroimaging findings further establish that controlling conscious awareness of unwanted memories engages the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex to reduce activation in the hippocampus, impairing later memory of the unwanted trace. Interestingly, the magnitude of activation in prefrontal cortex predicts individual differences in suppression, as do individual differences in executive function tasks. These findings indicate that cognitive and neural systems that have evolved to override prepotent responses are also recruited to override unwanted memory retrievals, and that this cognitive act leads to cases of motivated forgetting. 主な著書・論文 Anderson, M.C., Ochsner, K.N., Kuhl, B., Cooper, J., Robertson, E., Gabrieli, S.W., Glover, G.H., Gabrieli, J.D.E. (2004). Neural systems underlying the suppression of unwanted memories. Science, 303, 232-235. Anderson, M.C. (2003). Rethinking interference theory: Executive control and the mechanisms of forgetting. Journal of Memory and Language, 49, 415-445. Anderson, M.C., & Green,C. (2001) Suppressing unwanted memories by executive control. Nature, 410, 366-369. など多数．独創賞発表・講演 5 月 29 日（日） 13:30 部屋：A101 14:30 日本認知心理学会では，日本から発信する独創的な研究の数を大幅に増やすことを目的として「独創賞」を創設いたしました．本年度は，複数の評価委員の独創性評価にもとづいて，選考委員会が慎重に選考をおこなった結果，戸田正直氏（元北海道大学，元中京大学）のアージ理論が受賞となりました．本大会においては受賞講演を予定しています．司会：高野陽太郎（東京大学・日本認知心理学会独創賞選考委員長） -1-