Project Planning

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Informatik
Project Planning
By
Aamir Lakdawala
Niharika Singhal
Ravi Sankadasariya
Prasiddh Nandola
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INTRODUCTION
• Ensures availability Of Resources
• Avoid different activities computing for the same resource
• Produce a detail plan against which actual resources are scheduled
• Re plan the project if its drifted from its actual time
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Project Planning
How to achieve ?
• Produce an activity plan
• Allocate Specific resources
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Objective Of Activity Planning
• Feasibility- Is Project possible within required timescales and resource
constraints?
• Resources allocation-Effectively allocate the resources
• Degree to which activities can be completed in parallel
• Co-Ordination-Easy integration with other part of the project. (e.g.
easily availability of the members )
• Detailed Costing- How much will the project cost and when is that
expenditure likely to take place?
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Project and Activities
• Project
• is composed of number of interrelated activities
• Starts when atleast one of its activities is ready to start
• Completes when all of the activities it encompasses have been completed
• Activities
• Must have clear start and endpoints
• Duration of the activities and resource must be forecast-able
• Some activities have precedence requirement
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Identifying activities (1/2)
• Activity based approach
• Work breakdown structure (WBS) – Identify main task and breakdown each of
these down into lower level task
• Product based approach
• Product breakdown structure (PBS) and Product Flow Diagram (PFD)- For each
product which other products are required as inputs
• Hybrid based approach
• Combination of both
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Identifying activities (2/2)
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Sequencing and scheduling activity
• A schedule is required to indicate when each of the project activity
chart is planned to occur and what are the resources it will need
• Schedule -Take into account resources
• Sequence-Take into logical relationships
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Sequencing and scheduling
• Advantages
• Simple to implement for small
project.
• Disadvantage
• Does not convey details about the
precedencing task
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Network Planning Mode
• Model the project activities and their relationship as a network
• Activity on arrow (Eg : Critical path network, Program evaluation
technique)
• Activities- drawn as arrows
• Circles –Represents start /complete/set of activities
• Activity on node (Eg :Precedence network )
• Activities- drawn as nodes
• Links between nodes represents precedence
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Rules
• Project network should have only one start and end node
• A node has a duration
• Link represent relationship
• Precedence are immediate preceding activities
• Time moves from left to right
• Network may not contain loops
• Network should not contain dangles
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Concepts
• Forward Pass – Earliest dates on which activity may be started and
completed
• Backward Pass-Latest date at which each activity may be started and
completed without delaying the end of project
• Critical Path-Defines the duration of the project and any delay to the
activities will delay in completion of the activities
• Activity Float- Difference between earliest start date and latest start
date
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Resource Allocation
• The Allocation of resources to activities will lead us to review and
modify the ideal activity plan.
• For Example, to revise stage or project completion dates
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Resource
•A resource is nothing but any item or person required for
the execution of the project
•Eg : Project Manager
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Resource Allocation
•Activity Schedule : indicates the planned start and completion dates for
each activity.
•Resource Schedule : shows the dates on which each resource will be
required and the level of that requirement.
•Cost Schedule : shows the planned cumulative expenditure incurred by the
use of resources over time.
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Categories of Resources
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Labour-project manager, system analyst, software developer
Equipment- work stations, basic equipments such as chairs, desk
Materials- supply of disks
Space-office space
Services-telecommunication
Time-project time scales
Money-consume other resources
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Steps of the resource allocation
• Identify the resources required for a Project.
• Make the demand for resources more even throughout the life of a
Project.
• Produce a Work Plan.
• Produce a Resource Schedule.
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Identifying the resource requirements
• List the resources by considering each activity
• Activity specific Resources- Developer , Tester.
• Non specific Resources – Project Manager.
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Scheduling resources
1
2
• Produce the resource requirements list
• Use activity plan
• Produce a resource histogram for each resource.
• Allocate project on an activity by activity basis
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Work Plan
• In allocating and scheduling resources we used the activity plan,
activity bar charts and resource histograms.
• Although they good as planning tools, they are not the best way of
publishing and communicating project schedules. For this we need
some form of work plan.
• Work plans are commonly published as either lists or charts.
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Factors
• Availability-To know whether a particular individual will be available
when required.
• Criticality-Allocation of more experienced personnel to activities
• Risk-How to undertake activity risk assessment.
• Training-To train & develop skills junior staff
• Team Building-Selection of individuals for the final shape of the
project team.
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Reference
• Software Project Management by Bob Hughes and Mike Cottrell, Fifth
Edition
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Thank you
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