tZim-`n-am-\n A£cap-‰w- 2014 BKkv-X-- v- 6- [email protected] I-fn-Nn-cn- X-am-i-I-fp-sS...kv-t\-l-hm-’-ey-Øn-s‚- \n-d-Ip-S-ß-fm-W-v Ip-™p-߃...H-c-gp-°n-\pw- am-b-v°m-\m-hm-Ø- ku-µcyw- A-hn-sS- Im-Wmw....B- \n-jv-I-f-¶-X-bv-°v- ]-I-cw-sh-bv-°m-≥ tem-I-Øn¬- G-Xv- a-bq-cknw-lm-k\ - a- m-Wp-≈X - .v ..- P-\n-®- a-Æn¬- X-e- Nm-b® -v p-dß - m-≥,- ip-≤- hm-bp- iz-kn-°m-≥...kp-c-£n-X-Xz-tØm-sS- h-f-cm-≥ B- _m-ey-߃-°v A-h-Im-i-ap-≠.v B kz-]v-\-߃-°pta¬- t_mw-_-v h¿-jn-°m-≥ F-¥m-W-v A-h-Im-iw... ]-¥-v X-´p-∂- em-L-h-tØm-sS- a-c-W-Øn-te-°-v X-´n-sØ-dn-∏n-°m-≥ B¿-°m-W-v A-[n-Im-cw..-]-e-kv-Xo-\n¬- a-cn-®p- ho-gp-∂- Ip-™p-ß-fp-sS- ap-J-Øv- ]-S¿-∂- c-‡-hpw- a-Æpwtem-I-Øn-s‚-bm-sI- ap-J-Ø-v I-cn-bpw- ]p-I-bpw- tX-®n-´pw- B-cpw- D-W-cm-Ø-sX-¥m-W.v ..-?tem-I-t]m-cm-´-ß-fn-se-√mw- _-en-bm-Sm-hp-∂-X-v Ip-´n-I-fm-W.v - H-∂p-In¬- am-Xm-]n-Xm-°-sf- \-„-am-hp-∂p...A-s√-¶n¬- kz-ÿ- Po-hn-Xw.- c-≠m-bm-epw- \-„w- A-h-cp-sS- _m-ey-Øn-\pw....sh-dp-∏n-s‚-X-√-;- ku-lr-Z-Øn-s‚,- hn-tZz-j-Øn-s‚-X-√-;- kv-t\-l-Øn-s‚,- a-X-Øn-s‚-b-√-;a-\p-jy-Xz-Øn-s‚,- A-Xn¿-Øn-bp-sS- th-en-s°-´p-Iƒ-sIm-≠-√-;- A-Xn-cp-I-fn-√m-Ø- B-Im-i-Øn-s‚a-g-hn-√p-sIm-≠v- \-ap-°v- H-∂n-°mw.- A-h¿- h-f¿-∂p- h-ep-Xm-h-s´-; ]-c-kv-]-cw- t]m-c-Sn-°m-sX- h-f-c-s´..kv-t\-l-Øn-s‚- ]q-°ƒ- hn-cn-bn-°-s´...- ]p-Xn-b H-cp- tem-Iw- A-h¿-°n-S-bn¬- D-Zn-®p-b-c-s´.....A-h-sc- h-f-cm-≥ A-\p-h-Zn-°q.... Po-hn-°m-\pw.... bp-≤-Øn-\pw- hw-io-b-X-°p-sa-Xn-sc- A£c߃- sIm-≠vt]m-cm-Sn-b- B≥-{^m-¶,v - t]m-cm-´w- Xp-Scp-∂ aem-e,bp-≤-Øn-s‚ C-c- k-Um-t°m- k-k-m-°nF-∂n-h-sc-°p-dn-®p-≈Ip-dn-∏p-Iƒ- hm-bn-°q.-...- Im-e-sØ- tXm¬-∏n-®- U-b-dn-°p-dn-∏p-Iƒ- 1945 am¿-®n¬- s_¿-K-≥˛-s_¬-k-≥ tIm-¨-k-≥t{S-j-≥ Iym- k-Um-t°m -k-k-m-°nkv I - qfn-se an-Sp-°n-bm-bn-cp-∂p- k-Um-t°m- k-km-°n.]T\Øn¬- am-{Xa√,- Im-bn-I a’cßfn-epw- Ah¿H∂m-aXm-bn-cp-∂p.- kv-Iqƒ- kv-t]m¿-Sv-kv- a-’-c-Øn¬- HmSn-s°m-≠n-cn-s°- Ahƒ- {Sm°n¬- Ip-g-™p-ho-Wp.-- ]n∂o-sSm-cn-°epw- Fgp-t∂¬°m-\m-bn-√.- P-∏m-\n¬- hnXbv° - s - ∏-´- A-Wp-t_mw-_ns‚- am-cI - - hn-In-cn-Wt- a-‰v- eqt°m-am-b,- (A-‰-am-Iv- td-Untb-j-≥ kn-≥t{Umw-)- F-∂tcm-Kw- k-km-°n-sb- _m-[n®p.- A-hƒ-°v- c-≠v- h-b- p≈-t∏m-gm-bn-cp-∂p- A-ta-cn-°bp-sS- A-Wp-t_mw-_v- B-{Ia-Ww.- Pm-∏m-\o-kv- hn-izm-ka-\p-k-cn-®v- 1000 I-S-em-kpsIm-°p-Iƒ- D-≠m-°n-bm¬Po-hn-XØ - n-te-°v- Xn-cn-®p-hcm-sa-∂v- A-hƒ- {]-Xym-in-®p.- Ah-°v- B-ip-]-{Xn-°n-S-°bn¬- h-®v- 644 sIm-°p-I-sfD- ≠ m- ° n- . - A- h - i - b m- b kUm-t°m- kkm-°n- 14 amk-sØ- B-ip-]-{Xn- Po-hn-XØn-\p-ti-jw- 12˛mw- h-b - n¬1955 H-Iv-tSm-_¿- 25\v- Po-hnX-Øn¬- \n-∂v- ]-d-∂-I-∂p.P-∏m-≥ P-\X - - A-hƒ-°v- th≠n- H-cp- kv-am-c-Iw- ]-Wn-Xp.kv-am-c-I- Np-h-´n¬- C-ß-s\- tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂p.C-Xv- R-ß-fp-sS- \n-e-hn-fn-bm-WvC-Xv- R-ß-fp-sS- {]m¿-∞-\-bm-Wvtem-Is - a-ßpw- k-am-[m-\w- ]p-ec- s´.- C-∂pw- tem-IØ - n-se- Iq-´p-Im¿- k-km-°n-s - b- Hm¿-°p∂p.- A-hƒ-°v- th-≠n- I-Se - m-kv- sIm-°p-Iƒ- D-≠m-°p∂p.- k-km-°n-b - p-sS- Po-hn-Xw- Xn-cn-®p-In-´m-\√ - - a-dn-®v- C-\nbp-sam-cp- k-Um-t°m kkm-°n-- D-≠m-Im-Xn-cn-°m-≥,- temI-ka- m-[m-\Ø - n-\m-bv.- ºn¬- ssS-^-kv- _m-[n-®v- a-cn-®- ]-Xn-\m-ev-Im-cn-bm-b- Ip-´n-bm-bn-cp∂p B-≥{^-m-¶v-.- c-≠mw- tem-I-bp-≤-Im-e-Øv- P¿-a-≥kzm-—m-[n-]Xn-bm-b- A-tUmƒ-^v-ln-‰v-e-dp-sS- {Iq-c-am-b- \-c-th-´- tem-I-Øn-\vap-∂n¬- U-b-dn-Ip-dn-∏p-I-fn-eq-sS- A-h-X-cn-∏n-®-Xv- B≥--{^m-¶m-bncp-∂p.- 1929 Pq-¨- 12\v- P¿-Ω-\n-bn-se- {^m-¶v-^¿-´n¬- Hm-¨-sa-bv\n¬- P-\-\w.- ]n-∂o-Sv- \m-kn-I-fp-sS-bpw- K-Ã-t]m-I-fp-sS-bpw- ]o-U\w- `-b-∂v- tlm-f-≠n-te-°v- ]m-em-b-\w- sN-bv-Xp.- Bw-kv-‰¿-Um-anse- ko-{I-´v- A-\-Iv-kn¬- H-fn-hn¬- I-gn-bp-tºm-gm-Wv- 1942 \pw1944\pw- C-Sb - n¬- B-≥ U-bd- n- F-gp-Xn-bX - v.- In-‰n- F-∂ t- ]-cm-bn-cp∂p- B-≥ X-s‚- U-b-dn-°v- \¬-In-b-Xv.- Pq-X-∑m¿- a-™-\n-d-Ønep≈- \-£-{X-Nn-”w- [-cn-∏n-®v- am-{X-sa- ]p-d-Øn-d-ßm-≥ ]m-Sp≈p,- k-‘y-°v- ti-jw- I-S-I-fn¬- t]m-I-cp-Xv,- Pq-X-≥am¿-°v- am-{Xam-bp-≈- I-SI - ƒ- F-√m-km-[\ - k - m-a{- Kn-If - pw- D-]t- bm-Kn-°p-∂X - n¬hn-e-°v,- ]m¿-°p-Iƒ,- kn-\n-am-im-e-Iƒ- Xp-S-ßn-b- hn-t\m-Z- C-Sß-fn-se- hn-e-°p-Iƒ- s]m-Xp-tdm-Un-eq-sS-bp-≈- kz-X-{¥-k-©mc-Øn-\p-≈- hn-e-°p-Iƒ- Xp-S-ßn- Pq-X-∑m¿- A-\p-`-hn-t°-≠n-h-∂H-´-\-h-[n- ]o-U-\-I-Y-Iƒ- lr-Z-bm-h¿-÷-I-am-bn- B-≥{^m-¶v- Xs‚- U-b-dn-bn-eq-sS- A-h-X-cn-∏n-®p.- H-fn-Xm-a-k-Øn-\n-sS- 1944˛-B- K-Ãv- \m-en-\v- B-\n-s\-bpw- tN-®n- a¿-tKm-´n-s\-bpw- _¿-K-≥s_¿-k¬- tIm-¨k-≥t{S-j-≥ Iym-ºn-te-°v- A-b-°-s∏-´p.- {Iq-c-am-b- ]o-U-\-Øn-\pw- ]-´n-Wn°pw- H-Sp-hn-em-bn- 1945˛-am¿-®v- am-k-Øn-s‚- B-Zy-hm-c-Øn¬- am¿-tKm-´pw- 3 Zn-hk-Øn-\p-ti-jw- B-\pw -a-c-n-®p.h¿-Ko-b-{`m-¥v- X-e-°v- ]n-Sn-®- ln-‰v-e¿,-- I-ayq-Wn-Ãp-Im¿,- Pq-X-≥am¿,- Pn-]v-knIƒ,- a-X-]p-tcm-ln-X-≥,- hn-I-emw-K¿- a-t\m-tcm-Kn-Iƒ- Xp-S-ßn-b-h-sc A-·nbn¬- Z-ln-∏n-®v- Cu-iz-c-\v- _-en-\¬-In-b- hn-h-cw- B-≥{^m-¶n-s‚- U-b-dn-°pdn-∏p-h-gn-bm-Wv- tem-Iw- A-dn-™-Xv.- B-dv- h¿-j-tØm-fw- \o-≠p-\n-∂- Cu- {]h¿-Ø-\-߃-°v- t\-Xr-Xzw- \¬-In-bn-cp-∂-Xv- sK-Ã-t^m- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-´n-cp-∂,Pp-Un-jy-dn-°v- hn-t[-b-a-√m-Ø- kzm-X-{¥y-ap-≈- c-l-ky-t]m-eo-km-bn-cp-∂p.- P\-ß-sf- H-fn-Øm-h-f-ß-fn¬-\n-∂v- tIm-¨-k-≥t{S-j-≥ Iym-ºp-I-fn-te-°v- FØn-®n-cp-∂-Xv- Ãq-Sv-t^¬- F-∂-dn-b-s∏-´- ]m-cm-an-en-´-dn- `m-K-am-Wv.- h-[n-°-s∏Sp-∂-Xn-\v- ap-ºv- ]-e-hn-[- ]-co-£-W-ß-fpw- X-S-hp-Im-cn¬- \m-kn-Iƒ- \-S-Øn-bncp-∂p.- C-Xn-\m-bn- K-th-j-W-im-eI-fpw- K-th-jI - s- c-bpw-- ln-‰e v- ¿- G¿∏m-Sv- sN-bv-Xn-cp-∂p.B-\n-s\-bpw- Ip-Spw-_-sØ-bpw- H‰p- k-t¶-Øn¬- ]m¿-∏n-®- an- pw- Ah-cp-sS- `¿-Øm-hv- sl-¶pw- kp-lrØp-°-fpw- tN¿-∂v- B-\n-s‚- U-bdn-°p-dn-∏p-Iƒ- {]-kn-≤o-Ic- n-®p.- Hmjv-h-Sn-‰v-kv- Iym-ºn¬-\n-∂v- tam-NnX-\m-b- B-\n-s‚- ]n-Xm-hm-b- Hmt´m- {^m-¶pw- k-lm-bØ - n-\m-bn- FØn-bn-cp-∂p.- 1947˛¬- H-cp- s]-¨Ip-´n-bp-sS- U-bd- n-°p-dn-∏v- F-∂- t]cn¬- C-Xv- {]-kn-≤o-I-cn-®v- 64Hm-fwtem-I-`m-j-I-fn-te-°v- hn-h¿-Ø-\w sNbv-Xp.- Cu- ]p-kv-X-Iw- tem-I¢m- n-°p-I-fp-sS- K-W-Øn¬-s∏-Sp∂- H-∂m-Wv.- a-X-{`m-¥n-s\- A-Xn-Po-hn-®- a-em-ebp- ≤w- am-\-h-cm-in-sb- k¿-h-\m-i-Øn-s‚- ]Sp-Ip-gn-bn-se-Øn-°p-∂p.- bp-≤- Im-cW - ß - t- fm- \n m-ch - pw.- sh-dpw- hw-io-bX - ,- a-Xh - n-Im-cw- Xp-Sß - na-\p-jy-a\ - - n¬- \p-c™ p-s]m-ßp-∂- A-[a- - hnIm-c-ß-fp-sS- {]-I-S-\w- am-{X-am-Wv- Hm-tcm- bp-≤hpw.- C-hb - n¬-\n-∂v- A-Xn-Po-h\ - w- ]-et- ∏m-gpw- Akm-[y-am-Ip-∂p.- ]m-In-ÿm-\n-se- k-am-[m-\Ø - ns‚- Xm-gv-h-c-bm-b- kzm-Xv- Pn-√-bn-se- an-t¶m-d- F∂- {Km-a-Øn¬- P-\n-®- a-em-e- bq-k-^v-km-bv- C∂v- hn-iz-{]-kn-≤-bm-Wv.- s]-¨-Ip-´n-I-fp-sS- hnZym-`ym-k- A-h-Im-iw- \n-tj-[n-°p-∂- Xm-en-_ms\-Xn-sc- {]-Xn-Ic- n-®X - n-\v- am-cI - a- m-bn- sh-Sn-tb¬t°-≠n-h-∂- a-em-e.2009 ap-X¬- A-¥m-cm-{„- am-[y-a-ß-fn¬- Kp¬-aIm-bv- F-∂- t]-cn¬- Xm-en-_m-s\-Xn-sc- a-em-e{]-Xn-I-cn-®p-sIm-t≠-bn-cp-∂p.- Xm-en-_m-s‚- `ojWn--aq-ew- kv-Iq-fn¬- t]m-Im-≥ I-gn-bm-Ø-Xns‚- Zpx-J-hpw- kv-Iq-fp-Iƒ- A-S-®p-]q-´p-∂-Xn-seB-i¶ - b - pw- Xm-en-_m-≥ \n-b{- ¥-Wt- Øm-Sp-≈- `oXn-bpw- F-Xn¿-∏p-sa-√mw- \n-d-™- Ip-dn-∏p-Iƒtªm-Kn-eq-sS-bpw- Nm-\-en-eq-sS-bpw- AhfptSXmbn- H-gp-In.- Zr-iy-am-[y-a-ß-fn-eq-sS-bpw- hm¿-ØmNm-\e - n-eq-sS-bp-≈- A-`n-{]m-b{- ]-IS- \ - ß - f - pw- tUmIyq-sa-‚-dn-bn-eq-sS- ]m-In-ÿm-\n-se- kv-{Xo-I-fpsS- A-hÿ - - tem-Is - Ø- A-dn-bn-®X - pw- Xm-en-_m≥ Xo-{h-hm-Zn-I-fn¬- aem-es°Xn-sc i-‡-am-bF-Xn¿-∏v- D-b¿-Øn.2012 H-tŒm-_¿- HºXn-\v- kv-Iq-fn¬-\n-∂v- ho-´nte-°v- h-cp-∂- h-gn- Xm-en-_m-≥ Xo-{h-hm-Zn-IƒtXm-°n-eq-sS- a-em-e-bv-°v- a-dp-]-Sn- \¬-In.- ]mIn-ÿm-\n-se- s]-j-hm-dn-se- B-ip-]-{Xn-bn-epwXp-S¿-∂v- dm-h¬-]n-fin-bn-se- Bw-kvt- ^m-gvk - v- C≥Ãn-‰yq-´n-eq-sS-bpw- {_n-´-\n-se- _¿-an-Iv- lm-an- se- Izo-≥ F-en-k-_-Øv- B-ip-]-{Xn-bn-eq-sSbpw- a-em-e- Xm-en-_m-\n-ksØ A-Xn-Po-hn®p.- a-em-e- C-∂pw- Po-hn-°p-∂p-;- ]-Tn-°p-∂p.a-em-e- X-s‚- U-b-dn-Ip-dn-∏p-I-fn-eq-sS-bpwtªm-Kn-eq-sS-bpw- Zr-iy-am-[y-a-ß-fn-eq-sS-bpwXm-en-_m-s‚- In-cm-X- `-c-W-hpw- {Iq-c- ]o-U\-hpw- ]p-d-Øp-sIm-≠p-h-∂-Xv- A-h-sc- icn°pw- hn-d-fn- ]n-Sn-∏n-®p.- AXm-bn-cp∂p aemes°Xn-cm-bp≠m-b A{IaØn-\v- Im-cWw.{Iq-ca- m-b- ]o-U\ - ß - ƒ-°pw- a-cW - i - n-£b - ° v- pwhn-[n-°-s∏-´- H-cp- hw-i-Øn-s‚- Z-b-\o-b-X-bmWv- B-≥{^m-¶n-eq-sS- tem-Iw- Adn-™s - X-¶n¬- ]m-In-ÿm-\nse- kzm-Xv- ta-J-e-bn-sehn-Zym-`ym-k- A-h-Im-i߃- \n-tj-[n-°s - ∏´- s]-¨I - p-´n-If - p-sSbpw- A-h-cp-sS- AΩ-am-cp-sSbpw- Z-b\o-b-X-bm-Wv- aem-e- tem-Is - ØA-dn-bn-®-Xv.- aem-e-bp-sS- Pohn-X- k-tµ-iw- H-cp- ap-∂-dnbn-∏m-Wv.B-tKm-f- `oI-cX - b - ° -v pwhw-io-b- {`m¥v- h- ® p]p-e¿-Øp∂- `o-I-ckw-L-S-\- ! " # $ % & ' ( % + *, % . / 0 % 1 % 2 0 3 -4 % & ' ( % + *, % . / 0 % 1 % 2 0 % 3 % 4% ߃-°v- ap-tº- ]-e-kv-Xo-≥ C{k-tb¬- hn-j-b-Øn¬- kzo-Icn-®- \n-e] - m-Sp-Iƒ- C-¥y-°v- hgn-hn-f-°p-I-fm-th-≠-Xm-Wv.- C{k-tb¬- cq-]o-I-c-W-Øn-\v- Gsd-\mƒ- ap-ºv- l-cn-P-≥ am-knI-(1938\-hw-_¿-)b - n¬- A-t±-lsa-gp-Xn-bX - v- C-ßs- \-:- "-"F - \ - n-°vPq-X-∑m-tcm-Sv- k-l-Xm-]-ap-≠v-;- F-∂m¬- b-Ym¿-Y\o-Xn- \n¿-h-l-W-Øn¬- Cu- k-l-Xm-]w- X-S- -amhp-∂n-√.- A-h¿-°v- kz-¥-am-bn- H-cp- cm-{„w- th-Wsa-∂- B-i-bw- F-s∂- G-sd-sbm-∂pw- kzm-[o-\n°p-∂n-√.- Cu- `q-an-bn-ep-≈- a-‰v- P-\-ß-sf-t∏m-seF-¥p-sIm-≠v- A-h¿-°v- P-\n-®p-ho-W,- Po-hn-°m\p-≈-Xv- X-cp-∂- {]-tZ-i-sØ- P-∑-tZ-i-am-bn- I-≠v{]-h¿-Øn-°m-≥ I-gn-bp-∂n-√.- ]-e-kv-Xo-\n-s\- hn`-Pn-®p-sIm-t≠m- A-s√-¶n¬- ]q¿-W-am-tbm- Pq-Xcm-{„-am-°p-∂X - v- a-\p-jy-Ip-et- Øm-Sv- sN-øp-∂- s]mdp-°m-\m-hm-Ø- sX-‰m-Wv.-'-'- Cu- A-]-cm-[-Øn-s‚- Iƒ-°pw- cm-jv-{S-߃-°pap≈ ap∂dn-bn-∏v.- Ip´n-I-fp-sS- hn-Zym-`ym-k- A-h-Im-i-ß-fpw- a-‰v- auen-I- A-h-Im-i-ß-fpw- \n-tj-[n-°p-∂- kw-L-S\-Iƒ-°v- ss\-Po-cn-b,- am-en,- A-^v-Km-\n-ÿm≥,- b-a-≥ Xp-S-ßn-b- cm-Py-ß-fn¬- {]-h¿-Øn°p-∂- `o-I-c-kw-L-S-\-Iƒ-°pap≈ Xm-°o-Xv.- bp≤Øn-s‚ IW°vtem-I-cm-Py-ß-fn-se- H-cp- Zn-h-k-sØ- ssk-\nI- Nn-e-hv- =- `q-ap-J-Øp-\n-∂pw- a-e-º-\n- \n¿am¿-P-\w- sN-øm-≥ B-h-iy-am-b- Xp-I-bm-Wv.- Hcp- bp-≤- Sm-¶n-s‚- hn-e- =- 1 e-£w- t]¿-°v- 8 Zn-h-k-tØ-°v- B-lm-cw- \¬-Im-\p-≈-Xm-Wv.30,-000 Ip-´n-Iƒ-°pth≠n- 500 kv-Iq-fp-Iƒ- XpS-ßmw.- H-cp- bp-≤-hn-am-\-Øn-s‚- hn-e- =- 4000 {Km-aß - f - n¬- {]m-Ya- n-I- ku-Ic- yw- H-cp-°m-≥ Bh-iy-am-b- Xp-I-bm-Wv.- H-cp- B-W-h- hmln-\n- ap-ßn-I-∏-en-s‚- hn-e- =- 23 hnI-kz-c- cm-Py-ß-fn-se- 1 tIm-Sn- 60 e£w- Ip-´n-Iƒ-°v- hn-Zym-`ym-kw- \¬Im-≥ B-h-iy-am-b- Xp-I-bpw.- temI-sØ- 20%- im-kv-{X-⁄¿- BW-h-bp-≤-ß-sf- Ip-dn-®v- \n-c-¥c- K-th-j-Ww- \-S-Øp-∂p≠v-.tem-I- hn-kv-Xr-Xn-bn-se- ap-∂nsem-cp- `m-Kw- cm-Py-߃- B-Whm-bp-≤-߃- ssI-h-iw- h-®n-cn°p-∂-h-cm-Wv.- B-bp-[- hym-]mc-Øn¬- G-‰-hpw- A-[n-Iw- h-cp-am\w- D-≠m-°p-∂- cm-Pyw- A-ta-cn-°bm-Wv.- tem-IØ - v- G-‰h - pw- Iq-Sp-X¬]-´m-f-°m-cp-≈- cm-Pyam-hs´ ssN-\-bpw (]o-∏nƒ-kv- en_-td-j-≥ B¿-an-).- - IØp-IƒFUn-‰¿ A-£-c-ap-‰w-,- tZ-im-`n-am-\n]-≈n-°p-∂v- t]m-kv-‰v-, IÆq¿-˛[email protected] H∂mw- t]Pn¬-\n-∂v- XpS¿-®.....- Km-‘n-Pn-bpsS \n-e]m-SpIƒa-lm-flm- Km-‘n- h¿-j- 2 ^-e-am-Wv- tem-Iw- C-∂-\p-`-hn-°p-∂-Xv.- a-s‰m-cn-°¬A¿-Y-i-¶-bv-°n-S-bn-√m-Ø- hn-[w- _m-∏p-Pn- ]-d-™p-:"-"] - e - k - vX - o-≥ A-d_ - vt- Z-iØ - n-s‚-sX-∂X - v- Cw-•≠ - v- Cw•o-jp-Im-cp-sS-sX-∂-Xv-t]m-se-bpw- {^m-≥kv- {^-©pIm-cp-sS-∂-Xv-t]m-se-bp-ap-≈- ]-c-am¿-Y-am-Wv.-'-'- C-{ktb¬- A-[n-\n-th-i-Øn-s\-Xn-sc- \-Ωp-sS- cm-Pyw- ]pe¿-tØ-≠- kp-hy-‡-am-b- \n-e-]m-Sp-I-fp-sS- am¿-Ktc-Jb - m-Wv- cm-{„-]n-Xm-hn-s‚- hm-°p-Iƒ.- B \n-e]mSv- ssIs°m-≈m≥- C¥y-°v- I-gn-bp-∂n-√- F-∂-Xv- Ghsc-bpw- hn-ja- n-∏n-°p-∂p- .- lam-kv]-e-kv-Xo-≥ cm-{„w- ]q¿-W-am-bn- ho-s≠-Sp-°pI- F-∂- e-£y-tØm-sS- {]-h¿-Øn-°p-∂- kw-L-S\-bm-Wv- l-am-kv.- ap-…ow- {_-Z¿-lp-Uv- F-∂- kwL-S-\-bp-sS- im-J-bm-bn- {]-h¿-Ø-\-am-cw-`n-®- lam-kv- 1987em-Wv- kz-X-{¥- kw-L-S-\-bm-b-Xv.- BZy-Im-e-ß-fn¬- tk-h-\- {]-h¿-Ø-\-߃-°m-Wv- Ch¿- ap-≥Xq-°w- \¬-In-b-Xv.- Km-km- ap-\-ºpw- shkv-‰v- _m-¶pw- ]n-Sn-®-S-°n-b- C-{k-tb¬- A-hn-S-ßfn¬- Ip-Sn-tb-‰w- \-S-Øn-b-tXm-sS- l-am-kv- km-bp[- t]m-cm-´-߃- B-cw-`n-®p.- bm-k¿- A-d-^m-Øn- s‚- t\-Xr-Xz-Øn¬- \-S-∂- k-am-[m-\- N¿-®-I-fp-sS`m-K-am-bn- C-{k-tb-en-s\- Aw-Ko-I-cn-°m-≥ ]-e-kvXo-≥ X-øm-dm-sb-¶n-epw- l-am-kv- \n-e-]m-Sv- i-‡-am°n.- 2006se ]m¿-e-sa-‚v- sX-c-s™-Sp-∏n¬- `q-cn-]£w- t\-Sm-\pw- C-h¿-°m-bn.- bm-k¿- Ad^m-Øv]-e-kv-Xo-\n-s‚- kz-X-{¥- t]mcm-´-ß-sf- Zo¿-L-\mƒ- \-bn-®Xvbm-k¿- A-d-^m-Øm-bn-cp∂p.- kzX-{¥- t]m-cm-fn-sb-∂v- A-d-_v- P\-X- hn-ti-jn-∏n-®- C-t±-l-Øn-s‚t\-Xr-Xz-Øn-em-Wv- k-am-[m-\- N¿®-Iƒ- \-S-∂-Xv.- ]-e-kv-Xo-\n-s‚kzm-X{- ¥y-Øn-\p-th-≠n- {]-h¿-Øn°m-≥ ]-ek - vX - o-≥ en-_t- d-j≥ - Hm¿-Ks - s\-tk-j≥ - cq]o-I-cn-®Xv- A-t±-lam-Wv.- ]-e-kv-Xo-\n-s‚- Hu-tZym-KnI- h-‡m-°-fm-bn Cu- kw-L-S-\ -am-dn.- A-d-^m-Øns‚ cm-{„o-b- kw-L-S-\- ^-X-lv- B-Wv-.- Ahkm-\ \m-fpIfn¬- C-{k-tb¬- A-t±-l-sØ- ho-´p-X-S-¶-en-em°n.- Nn-In-’-°v- {^m-≥kn-se-Øn-b- A-d-^m-Øv- 2004 \-hw-_-dn¬- tem-ItØm-Sv- hn-S]d™p.- A£cap‰Øn-\vI-gn-™- e-°w- \-thm-∞m-\w- tI-c-f-Øn¬- F-∂- te-J\-Øn¬- ]m-en-bw- k-a-cw- \-S-∂- h¿-jw- sX-‰m-bm-Wv- h-∂Xv.- 1947 Un-kw-_¿- \m-ev- ap-X¬- 1948 am¿-®v- h-sc-bm-bn-cp∂p- ]m-en-bw- k-a-cw.- sIm-®n- \m-Sp-hm-gn- ]m-en-b-Ø-®-s‚ho-Sn-\-Sp-Øp-≈- ]m-en-bw- t£-{X- ]-cn-k-c-Øv- Iq-Sn- A-h¿W¿-°pw- A-ln-µp-°ƒ-°pw- k-©m-ck - zm-X{- ¥y-Øn-\p-th-≠n\-S-∂- k-a-c-am-Wn-Xv.- 97Zn-h-kw- \o-≠- Cu- k-a-c-Øn¬- F -sI -Pn- Dƒ-∏-sS- ]-¶m-fn-I-fm-bn.- 1863em-Wv- A-ø-¶m-fn- P-\n®-Xv.sI B¿- apcfo-[c≥- [email protected] - A£cap‰Øn-\v,]m-Tm-\p-_-‘- {]-h¿-Ø-\-ß-fpw- ]-T-\- k-lm-bn-bp-ambn- {]-h¿-Øn-°p-∂- A-£-c-ap-‰w- F-√m- Zn-h-k-hpw- h-∂n-cps∂-¶n-se-∂v- B-{K-ln-°p-I-bm-Wv.- ap-≥e-°-Øn-se- ssh°w- ap-l-Ω-Zv- _-jo-dn-s‚- Ir-Xn-I-sf-°p-dn-®p-≈- te-J-\-wh-f-sc- \-∂m-bn.- A-dn-hn-s‚- sN-dp-Xp-≈n-I-fpw- I-fn-ap-‰-hpw]m-T-Øn-s‚- ]p-d-Øv- s]m-Xp-hn-⁄m-\w- ]-I¿-∂p-X-cp-∂- ]w‡n-I-fm-Wv.Km-b{Xn- sI,- Fcaw- ]n- H,- ]ø∂q¿,- IÆq¿-
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