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VOOR ENTOMOLOGIE
UITGEGEVEN DOOR
DE NEDERLANDSCHE
ENTOMOLOGISCHE
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M. A. LrrrrINcK. - The melectinegenusEupaaloaskiaPopov, 1955, with notes on
its distribution and host relations(Hymenoptera,Apoidea,Anthophoridae),pp.
l}l-122, Figs. 1-8.
Tijdschrift voor Entomologie; deel Llz, afl. 4
Gepubliceerd22-YnI-Lg 69
THE MELECTINE GENUS EUPAVLOVSKIA POPOV, T955,
VITH NOTES ON ITS DISTRIBUTION AND HOST RELATIONS
(HvunNoprERA,
APOIDEA, ANTHoPHORIDAE)
by
M. A. LIEFTINCK
Njksmuerm
uan Naxuilijhe
Hiuorie, Iziden
I7ith 8 figures
An analysisis given of a small'group of chiefly Mediterraneanparasitic anthophorid beesof the
tribe Melectini, hitherto known from a single species,EupaalouÈ,ia funeraria (F. Smith). This taxon
actually is a composite one, comprising two closely allied species,one of which splits up into two
structurally nearly identical geographical races, E. o, obscura (Friese) and an eastem subspecies,
E. o. similatix, which is new to science.Additional information is supplied to strengthenthe belief
that Etpaalous,àia is inquilinous in the nests of the industrious anthophorid genusHabropodaF.
Smith, though no conclusive evidence to that effect can yet be given. The genus is characterizedanew
and full descriptions of its members,with illustrations of structural organs, are provided. A specified
list is given of all countries and localities where speciesof Eapaolottskia and their supposed host
bees were collected simultaneously. The geographic distribution of the taxa involved is demonstrated in a map showing all verified localities superimposed on the area occupied by the Mediterranean species of. HabroPoda.
The specific or varietal nmes Melecta gandii Hedicke, 193), moreentit Straod, 1921, and
rugosa Dours, L873, are rejected or relegated to synonymy. Ivlelecta italica Radoszkowski, 1876,
considered synoûymous with E*paalottsâia fmeraria (F. Smith), is restored as a valid species of
Melecta Latr.
INtnoouctroN
"Generic
In his
classification of Palearctic Melectini" (L91r) published in Russian,
genera nearly related to fuIelecta Laû.,
V.V. Popov briefly redefined three Old \(odd
Melecta
1805. These genefa æe Psetdonelecta Radoszkowski, L866 (çe-species
diacantba Eversrnann, L8t2), Parauocisa Alfken, 1937 (type-speciesP. sinaitica Alfken,
Lg37), and Eupaoloukia Popov, 19)5 (type-speciesMelecta faneraria F. Smith, 1854).
Although some venational features, with a drawing of the wings, wefe suPPlied also for
the type-speciesof. Melecta, viz. arrzald (Panzer) (recte 214.punctata F.), no definition
of that genus was given by the author.
In August tg6} | had the opportunity to discussthe relationship of these genera with
the late Dr. Popov, on the occasion of the XIth International Congress of Entomology
in Vienna. IC'e then agreed that even Melecra in its restricted, sense is not at all
homogeneous and that all genera of this closely interrelated grouP were still poorly
characterized, the diagnoses being insufficient and based mainly upon the structure of
the male sternal plates and genitalia. Sexual dimoqphisrn, overlooked or neglected by
most previous authors, is considerable and reveals itself not only by structural differences
in the antenna€ and legs but also by the shape of the submarginal cells of the fore wing.
Moreover, nearly all species exhibit marked variation in the extent of white and black
hair spots, apparently due to geographic variation but often differendy allotted in groups
of seemingly closely related species.
In the following pagesa charrlccerizationwill be given o{ the forms Preseotly attributed
101
(uroqgn;tr 'g) ueçug1rg 'sa1uz1guaqrsnalzg sep Sunpnuug aqrsrEolooT ({eaawurouo4'y) purSurueT'USS1'DS'p?rv elntnsul ytlfopoT (uesse.rlg
'traqua:puag
mz 'U prr? rapo.nps 'ff)
upfryf
tunâsn4-rnæN
rroJ:Iu"rd
(ro/ea's)
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'qg/u uuog '8luç,) 'V umâsnry pun
lqgsursSrmqlsroù saqrsrEolooT(en8mg uypq "819) ?Âouag 'aprqy51?lrofs 1p of,rÀr) oâsnry (o1zs91rgzro11) pedzpng 'umezn1t llâzruâN rr.f,?e1t1(uuunm:;,1 'C) ur?prepury 'umasny41
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seul"u asor{rÀsuocrad erp ol s{u?ql nr:u,n lur puaËe o1 amwald e s1t1 .lpnrs pasa.rd aq1
yo uorpldulor eql ol pepqrr1uoJ eÂ?g og,t. asogl IIB o1 apqnurE Âu ssardxa ol rlslirl, I
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M. A. LrcntlxcK:
DETINITIoN
Tbe melectine genus Eupauloaskia
L03
OF THE GENUS AND ITS COMPONENTS
Eupaoloosà,ia was proposed by Popov to receive the aberrant Melecta funeraria
Smith, the only speciesknown to him by autopsy.The assignmentof that speciesto a
genus of its own seems to be well founded. Other taxa tentâtively included were lM.
tugonl, Dours, t873, M. funeraria var. obscura Friesg 1895, M, -t'uneraùa var.?
moreensisStrand, 1921, M, funeraria var. grandii Hedicke, 1935, and doubtfully, the
African M. spinosa Friese, l)22, from Usambara.
The identity of. Melecta ragorlt Dours, recorded from the Greek islands and Algiers,
will remain unknown. Dours's collection has been destroyed and since it is impossible
from the description alone to establish even its generic status, this taxon can further be
ignored. The whereaboutsof the type of M, funeraria var. ? ntoreearir Strand, 6 , from
Kalavrita, Morea, is equally uncertain: probably this has been lost also. Strand compared
it with the description of.M. italicakadosz., a specieswhich he and other authors thought
to be identical with funeraria. In fart, M, iralica is a true Melecta and a good species.
"Eventuell
As Strand only mentioned some negative features of his bee, stating that
môge diese Forrn (var. ?) den Namen rnoreensism. bekommen", I feel justified to
reject this name. As will be seen,Friese'svar. obtcaru is a true Eupaoloaskia,specifically
distinct from E. faneraria (F. Smith). Lasty, M. funeraria van grandii Hedicke is
identical with the var, obscura Friese and cleaily another name for it, obscura having
priority. This leaves us with only two valid specific names in Eupaaloaskia, viz.
faneraria and obscara.
Popov's generic diagnosis is rather meagre and needs the following amplification:
Diagnosis. - Size moderate to rather large, 12J-16 mm. Stature robust, body
compactly built. Head broadly oval in frontal view, length (from summit of vertex to
apex of clypeus) and width (acrossmiddle of eyes) in the ratio Lo : 14 approx. Face
broad and flat, profile of frontal area situated below level of anterior eye margin. Eyes
rnoderate, more convergent below than above, ratio of upper and lower interorbital
distance as 4 :3 approx., inner orbits subparallel in lower half, very stightly incurved
near upper end; greatestdiameter of eye in frontal view about one-half lower interorbital
distance.Clypeus moderately prominent in side view, its depth peqpendicularto orbit,
always shorter than diameter of eye; upper surface gently convex in profile; lateral
margin of paraclypeal area with sharply acute carina extending along inner orbit upward
to a level slightly beyond antennal socket. Labrum almost square,widest bæally, surface
slightly concave,anterior border entire, little upturned, with rounded side edges; basal
tubercles low but of large size. Malar space very short, about six times broader than
long. Mandibles long and robust, more than half length of eye, unidentate in either sex;
tooth small, blunt and placed near apex in 6. Maxillary palpus long and slender, sixsegmented;1 scatcelythicker'than the next. Segments1 and 6 only half as long as )-J,
z longest, 3-6 gradually shorter but
which are slender and subequal in length (t);
3-4 abottt equally long, 6 about half as long æ 5 ( ç ). Labial palpus with two free
apical segmentsof equal length ( ô I ). Antenna (fig. 1) long and slender, flagellar
segmentsattenuated; 4 in anterior view at least twice as long as wide and longer than
the next segments,which become successivelyshorter; length-breadth ratio of )-10
about 10: 5.4-6. Rhinaria wanting. Vertex low, gently convex in frontal view, summit
raised only slightly above level of eyes.Ocelli normal, placed approximately in line and
a liule below upper margin of vertex in frontal view. Interocellar distance subequal to
? JI?q lnoq? WrnÀpâro^ol sr âr?Jrnsâql âreq^Àdpszq lderxe lurqs pu? qloous '1ur4ra,r
(ernsopua) alSuerg papodord Fs?g 'snf,lnspassardurrlldaep lq umlletms tuor; pelurudas
'1t:4ral 'poqs lraa umlou?lery '(aruersaqnd asuap.ra8uol qrntu lq uepp1{ llaplduor)
p?pm) pâpâilp pue paurnldn ,(pq8as 'urnylelnrssz 3uo1 sE sprrqt-onq lnoq? âJErprqr!,
saulds tuaSraalp lq8rcr1s 'lsnqor ;o rred E qll,l paure sa18uz-epÉpeprmor lun;ouulaur
Sur8uyqralo lpruqslp pu? e)e;Jns ror.ralsod Flnrâ^ xa^uor olur Eurptmor fpdn-rqe
er?Jrns psrop lsnrps passardwr lydaap r lq urnlouosauruor; papredas puu ,(lprpaur
passardur lpqSrrs ,(ra,r 'xolruot l13uo;1s âf,?Jrnsarqua iaseq 1e qlpra s1r sz 8uo1 sr
spJltll-oal lsoru æ 'lleseg papru, 'pprozedurl 'peorq pu? uoqs umllaln S 'eu{ u?rpatu
'passardur ,(pq811s'1roqs l:a,r seu4 pprsdurud :zp8e1
ç1,u, lalprzd
;o rp8ual ,(u,r
rasrra
rq'15'aouTffi:r:#i;:l,ïti'JiiïSirfi,,,,,,x{
ro?uuâru?
.r .sru
nTsaolae(xa
'possardurr
-pJru
lou eurl uurpatu learz elzprmdul reptueul
IeÀâl ol p?pnsl Surpualxa
'um1
IIEurs qlJA ,{lroualsod umlouosew lappund llasuap unlou?Fru pu? umllâlnrs
'(r,s)
-ouosâIAJ
qSrq ueql râprÀÀeplrl lpo'rzpqo18 puz prtos'azrse3re1Jo x?roql
'af,u4
-sry plrqrollelo sr tuol s? alJAl ls?âl l" ef,rrqsrp J?Ilelouualu? ieruBlsrp
1z1rdræo11aro
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696T
'V 'rdv 'ZIT Tilsc 'slcorol^[orNfl
uoo^ rdtuH:lsaflJ
VOT
M. A. LmrrrNCr: The melectinegex*s ErpaulousAia
105
dozen short longitudinal ridges on either side of the middle at extreme baseof triangle;
posterolateralportions of propodeum closely punctate.
Legs robust, coxae and trochanters unarmed. Outer face of all tibiae and basitarsi
densely reticulate-punctate, surface even, lacking tubercles or dentides; tibiae swollen
towards apex. Mid tibia of ô not expanded, apex in both sexeswith short, robust,
slightly curved, conical posterior process,longest and finger-like in 9. Hind tibia of g
normal, of ô with strongly produced antero-apical process; spurs long, of unequal
length, innermost spur long and undulated, the outer much shorter and straighg both
microscopically serrate; colour black. Hind basitarsusshorter than tibi4 subparallel-sided
in g , modified and hollowed out extemally in A . Tarsal claws acute with distinct
elongate arolia; colour very dark brown. Inner ramus of all claws thin and slender,
shorter than ou,ter, but not flattened or plate-shaped; claws very dark brown.
\ùfing membrane semitranspaf,ent, coloured light to dark grey brown. Fore wing
greatly e4panded distad, especially in g , distal margin convex, apex blunt; marginal cell
narrowly oval, apex rounded, little or not extending beyond apex of third submarginal
cell; cubito-anal vein curved, distal to fork. Venation otherwise as shown in figures 2
and 3.
Gaster short and broad rapidly tapered and more abruptly pointed apically than in
Melecîa, especially in g ; colour blac}. First segment much shorter than second. Tergites
1-6 ( ô ) or 1-5 ( e ) finety superficially tessellate-puncta,te,surface dull or moderately shiny.
Sides of tergite 7 of 6 strongly converging towards apex, the latter truncated with
blunt side-angles and a wide V-shaped rnedian emargination; upper surface somewhat
concave apically but integument completely hidden from sight by long, dense, appressed
tomentum. Posterior border of sternite 6 of. I broadly rounted, surface finely reticulatepunctate and covered with short hair, distal half with shallow, narrowly oval, median
impressed area. Apical sternal plates and genital capsule of 6 resembling Melecra
more closely than Parucrocisa. Sternite 7 very slender with narrow apodemes and apex,
the 8th with strongly developed postmedian ridges. Gonocoxites (basiparameres) of
large size, gonostylus distinctly marked off, short and densely setose; volsellae reduced
and partly hidden; sagittae (penis valves) of complex structure, strongly curved apically;
penis free. Sternite 5 of g with or without weakly pronounced median ridge, indicated
(when present) at extrerne apex only; median carina of sternite 6 complete though very
low. Pygidial field elongate-triangular, covering entire dorsal surface of tergite 6; surface
flat, finely reticulate, apex rounded, slightly swollen, median carina short and low.
Pubescence.Black, suberect and rather dense on labrum, with longer bristleJike hairs
interspersed, excq>t hairless bæal area which indudes the tubercles. Very long fringe at
mandibles outwardly. Clypeal hairs dense but mostly decumbenÇvery long and erect on
hypostomal a.rel, genae, ftons and vertex posteriorly; supraclypeal arca and vertex on
either side of ocelli bare. Vestiture of thoracic segmentserect, entirely concealing surface,
exceptionally long, dense and feathery; fine and velvety on dorsum, much longer at the
sides, densest and tufty behind tegulae and base of metapleurae; metanotum, enclosure
and lateral parts of propodeum bare. Pubescenseof coxae and trochanters short and
deanmbent, except long fringes posteriody; similar fringes of fote and mid femora
subequal in length or a little longer than diameter of fernur, those of hind femur rather
long at base only, for the rest short ( a ) or almost as long as on fore and mid femora
( g ). Appressed pubescence on outer faces of tibiae and basitarsi short and evenly
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M. A. Lrrnrwcr: Tbe neleuine genxsEzpaaloasAia
107
distributed, almost ( a ) or entirely ( g ) concealing surface; long hairs interspersed
posteriody only on fore legs; pubescence covering inner faces short and scanty. No
conspicuouspatch of felalike pubescenceon outer face of mid tibia of male. Disk of
gastral tergites clothed evenly with very short, fine hairs; consistence of abdominal
pubesceace otherwise variable, often long and feathery, forming conspicuous snowywhite lateral patches (see specific descriptions).
Omitting differences in the pubescent colour pattern, E. faneraria and obscara can be
distinguished by the following combination of characters:
E. funeraria. - Antenna relatively short and slender, not much longer than width
of thorax acrosstegulae (ratio in 6 approx. 10 : 8); 4th segmentin either sex less than
Lr/2 times length of 3À; apical flagellar segments of 6 hardly noticeably bulging out
or crenulatedposteriorly (fig. t). Hind basitarsusof 6 gradually expanded from base
to apex, ventral (inner) f.ace of. basal portion naffow, narrowly lanceolatg its reticulate
surface at least partly covered with short hairs and its intero-ventral carina subacute
Gig. q. Vings relatively shorter, fore wing more suddenly expanded beyond middle,
Fig. 3. Ea|aaloaskia s cies. Submarginal area o1. right fore wings, drawn on the same scale
-xordde eç '(medfp yo çdap) af,e; eqt ;o ,{ruaururord arp puz sala aç ;o adtqs aç
ur prmoJ eJ? sexesrpoq ol turÂddu sanads o^q eql uaâÀæq sêruâJeJJrpr{8gs .raçg
?mqol eJotll self?J
puu ratrq lpqtlls azls '(9 'tr;) aruurueddu ur e{Jl-por Suraq ,tara 1?ruâ^ ur ssarord
srç 'prenur Eunulod ssarord ps?qorâlur 'asolas llasuap puu padeqs-1srp'asra,rsuzl1
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lay;ord uJ rzpSue pue uallo,rls ',llar,r lenua,r uI lno Peaolloq Pu? Pâ^JrDuI llSuorp
reqlzr 'puorq mlfisouog 'lgerlde papuedxa Ilua,ra aroru Pu? eIPPnu æ PâltrrrsuoJ
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prç iqcuurq-apJsdreluaulpnr tuurel puz atp '1uaq1no,(pdnlqz ssâI 1nq elqslr?^ sulâ^
Iqgllqrt] pr€ pu? pn1 lo asrnor lpelsor peprzdas IIeÂô,lng SurSre,ruor lar leurSruurqns
puz Jo sâprs p$rp puu lztuxord ixadp ol 1zqnÀârllosparadul llunsn Pu" ile) pur8rvru
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'palutod
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âf,?JJnseælnf,FâJs1J'1no pa^Àolloq l18uor1s eJow Pu? prto ,(pzeu arour uo4rod IEs?qJo
ore; (reuur) prue^ 'aseguror; âlu?lslp aq1/1 o7 Vt moqt p papuedxalpdnrqu g 1o
snsr?lrs?qpulH '(I'8ry) dlroualsod lpoul lpalruru I yo sluaruSasrqleSeg prrde lprç
'xorddz g ur
uzgl re8uo1saup ( 6) ?At ro (9 ) z/fl wa1 lu tuaurEasWV l(6'9: 91
'fl
ollzr) aelnEal ssoJJ?x"Jogl Jo qrplÀ uuql raEuol llpalreul ?uuâluv -'vmtsqo
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?snqor ssel em1ztspuu râll"ur azrs a8zraly
Pr?^rul llanbgqo PâparrP
sepld altllassal 'luarzdsuBrlpns 'rzpSu4talqns Jo rrBd B SurugoJ e"IFsIo^ ;o sa:rdu
'esuq eurelxe
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æ ParuJ?unlsotul?
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e?lleslo^ '(dto r '8ry) apraqnl snoJâJnâsreynSuzlrlqns" Jo tuJoJ aç ul Surpaford
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qlJÀ'PâqloP dlesuapPu? e^uJuof rtrâIÀl?4ue uI el?J
I?JlueÀFs?q-oJaiBI:sânsuq Pâ^Jnf,aJ
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'( '311
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'ualorq',(ar8 ,{lernrsqo 8ur,t aro;
'r(1pura1xa paleq-a1rq,t lprzd I
ô yo
;o s8al
's8ry) 8uo1 u?gl reP?orq sâuJl z'I ls?âl lz'1roqs
'G-z
lar purS:zurqns
Jo eu?rqrrnry
'pa,uoqp
pr€ :uow1nSrru lz tpu?rq apls &z1uaurynr ? JJo EunrS ,(puanbârJ Puz aql
lpdorqu sureÀl?lrqrD pr€ pu? pu7 !ga: purS.rzu w l"Fpsrelul uaryo PuB papurSorddu
,(psop lllroualue Surtrarruor ,(18uo.qslar pur8reurqns PuZ Jo sâPIsFlslP Pu? leurrxord
'aplal uzç re8uol sârun âârtll lroqe 'pao
lgar purErzurqns pJ€ puolaq turpualxe 1ou
-apEuolagar puÉretu:( ô ) El: 0or ro ( I ) eC: 00I oq?r grpzarq/ç8ua1'lun1qxedu
6?61
'y 'rdv '4I1. rqtrg 'sJcQrQWorNg uoQ^ rJIUH?scfi;
g0I
M. A. LtrrrrNcK:
Tbe melenine genur Eupaaloashia
109
t;
iil:,
ff|r"'
%1,,),
v.,4r,'
'r''
I I
ril
,/
7//t t
"'rr,//
t,
/ri/,
VL
Ttû
iry/
'i l l
t1
t
't,t'
7
it
'/1
,,/
/
rJ!,
,,1
;t;
1t
,,
I
l'/,
/r/
{/,,'i,)\
,; ;r
v2i
'/z/l'
'ilt
t
ii'ù*l
l,'i'i\
!".
f/
ù
tl
)t
lrl,
Wtr
i
/,1irltl
W,i;iio
funeraria
d Olympia
obsorra
d Genoa
simulatrix
d Istria
FiS. 4. Eupauloush,ia
funeraria (F. Smith), E. o, obscura (Friese) and E. o, simulatrix subsp. nov.
Outer aspect of right hind tibia and basitarsus. Scale-line _ 5 mm
mate length-breadth-dçth ratios in funeraria being 20 : 10 : 6, in o, obscura and o.
simulatrix 23 : lo : g-9. The most reliable charactersseparatingthe two are most easily
understood by a comparison of the accompanying drawings of structural details.
S7hereas E. funeraria throughout the whole of i s distributional area exhibits a
uniform Pattern of black-and-white pubescence,the sexes being almost alike in this
resPect,E. obscurais a much more variable insect. The female of typical obscarais at
once distinguished from f uneraria by having the whole body black, while in the male it
is the abdomen (except the first segment) which is almost or entirely unspotted. Howwer, two cleady recognizable nces can here be distinguished. In parts of the Mediterranean where the ranges of the two speciesovedap, a subspeciesof obscara occurs which
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Jo âÂJlul
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r?J uaâq e^?q plnorÀ lJ 'srua{ {ua,ras usrll aJorurcy trpeaqeom uI ueeq lou P?g ptntlqo
êuleu eql JJ 'sJorFnBrelq il? pu? âsâIJ{ Âq zzutauxl qil^ô' pepunoJuol tueql Jo qloq alârÀ
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696T
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uoo^ IdIUH)Scfia
0I I
M. A. Llrrtrncr:
The nelectine genus Eupaaloutkia
111
Grrsenleitner(cMS). 1 g, Tinos fTenos I.], coll. o. sichel t867,
faxeraria sm. g ô
Tinos 5.67, det. O. Sichel (MP); 1 g, Tinos, Erber 1867,
faneraria det. Kohl,
M. faneraria Sm., det. Friese 1893 (NM\D;
1 6 I Ç , Insula Tinos, funeraria Smith
6 9, coll. & det. Morawitz (ZlL). - Italy:
I e, Lazio, Roma, Fo. Toraccia
M o n t e b e l l q2 6 . V . L 9 5 8M
, . C o m b a( C M C ) . S i c i l y :
Asia
3 ô, Sicily(BM).Minor
(Tu*ey): 2 6, Erzurum, L4--20 km Ispir-Ikizdere Rd., L4- L7OO m,
2.V1.1962,K.M. Guichard& D. H. Harvey (BM). -USSR:
2 Ç, CaucæuqAraxes
thal, Leder-Reitter (ZIL).
Synonymy. Schmiedeknecht (L930) and Iuga (19j8) gave Melecta italica
Radoszkowski, 1876, as a synonym of. E. funeraria, but this is incorrect. The type
of M. italica, now before me and here selected as the lectotype of that species,
is a male in the Berlin Museum (ZMB), bearing locality and identification labels in
Radoszkowski'sown handwriting and also a label in G. Endedein's hand confirning
the identification as well as the type designation. This specimen was first (rs76)
mistaken by Radoszkowskifor a female but later (1893) recognized as a male. It is a
tnrc Melecla, answering the original Latin and French descriptions published in L876
in wery respect, the name italica being validly applied to it. The genital armature was
dissectedby Radoszkowskiand figured in his next paper (1893: L82, figs. 36a, b, c
and i). Parts of the hidden sternal plates and genital capsulg still retainedwith the insect,
are clearly recognizable and of the shape characteristic f.or Melecta, agreeing well with
Radoszkowski's sketches. The second male (apparently also from "Italie"), which
Radoszkowski associatedwith the former, is almost certainly a male Etpatioaskia, as
would appear from his description of the leg structure. This example I have not seen.
Male. - Hair of labrum silvery on disk, blad< at the sides, with long black bristles
sparsely intermixed; thin fringe at margin of mandibles black. Long beardJike
hypostomal tuft white. Dense coating on clypeus pure white, with admixture of long
black bristles on pararlypeal area; much longer erect white tufts covering anterior half of
antennocellar are4 the posterior half of which is almost bare; longish erect hairs on
occipital area, white centrally, blad< laterally; behind the eyes black. Scape of antenna
with long anterior fringe of white hairs. A fully 2 mm broad collar of long, dense,
erect silvery pubescencecovers the entire anterior portion of mesothorax in front of and
surrounding the black tegulae, ,this vestiture is continued laterally, o<tending as far down
as the mesocoxae;behind this the thorax is black except conspicuous long tufts of white
arising from upper portion of metepistemum and outer porLion of scutellum-metanotum.
Sternites also partly white-haired. Legs mainly black; long posterior fringe on trochanters
and femora white on fore legs, black on mid legs and absent on hind legs, on which it
is replacedby shor't black hair. Outer faces of all tibiae with apical patch of appresse.l,
finely plumose, silvery hair covering Êrcm 1y'5to 16 of fore and mid tibiaq 2/5 to t/2 of
hind tibia; outer face of fore and mid tarsi black with distal patch of white on basal and
apical segments,the intermediate ones mainly white; outer face of hind basitarsus
silvery white except basally; succeedingsegmentsalso white, end segment mainly bare.
Disk of first tergite mixed black and whitg long and erect on anterior half, short, blark
and decumbentposteriody; sides with conspicuous,oval patch of long, suberect,finely
branched hairs occupying whole surface. Hair covering following segments very short
and black, but 2-5 in addition with conspicuous,transverselateral patches of much
longer, denseand decumbent,snowy-whitehair, thesespots largest and more or less oval
on 2, successivelysmaller and rectangular oa 3-5, the one on J reduced to a squarish
'eyqir-falous serplzd p.rap1 lumsrop
Jo pJrç-auo 1?s?guo lpo luaruddu prr? Jauoqs
aruarsoqnd pâJâ lnq âl?ur ur su e1r3.ra1ptpe8 prlg 's1ods ro sa8urr; alrqar 8urpz1
lpqq ro æBIq qsruaorq :lr?p sEal eç Jo II? pu? x?rogl Jo etrqms lanua,r eloqlg
'epru ur rrrrn Jall"ws eplrl ? prr? Jâuoqs 'palplllap lldrzqs arour 'a1rq,t rarnd oqu sgrnl
'uornaldoseru u,top dr,t-;1ug
puralsdapll
1noq?sepls at1l æ pue arpEel Jo luoJt ur lsnl
lpdnrqz
Euraual a^oq? J"IIoJ JFq aql 'srJeq a1qro,-l,tous JesuaPPrr? Jauoqs rpnur Jo
;;o
altru ur s? p?org s? JI?q lsouF nq peurJeplld.reqs erour
EuqsJsuorpue (ruu z'I-o'I)
pu?q f,n?Joql etrgnÀJorJaluv 'epur ul s? aslâÀraqloluory ut p?âq ')pEq II? ean 1vua8
puz saldual 'eare plrdn:o 'xalral 'um.rqq :sr$.oIIoJsu 'a1eurulory sJaJJIq -'epured
'ûnluatuol
'æ?lq
luâqlunJeP u,uorq uap1o81o
Il? sâllurâls
Suqeor âsuap E sæeq qf,Jr1rr\alrEral q11 Jo Tslp ldarxa lpqq 1sararp rog ?ods nInf,JD ro
'salzJdpurars (1qa1r-uu"l
r(rya1reddn) a1e1d
ps"qorarnl
iul,l ;'iil:i:i^"iiua,res
lurluaa
puu sn1,fisouo8
âJour'âLu?s
pe)npeJSur,roqs'pa8rzlua
lq31r :(fq6u ratol)
to samlrnJlsEuJuJo{pz
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696T
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M. A. LrcrttNCK : Tbe melectine genils Eapauloushia
TL3
more compact, angular and extending somewhat inward basally, consisting of longish
appressedpubescence;white lateral patches of 2-4 very compact, slightly larger than in
male, especiallythe one on 2, which is about equal in size to that of 1, subrectangular
or almost circular in outline, those on 3 and 4 more transverse,angular and successively
smaller. Pygidial plate dark reddish brown outlined in black.
Measurements.- Body length: g (lectotype) 13.0 mm, fore wing 9.3 mm. Further
specimens: 6, L25-13.5 mm and 8.7-10.0 mm, respectively; g, L2.5-14.0 mm
ard 9.0-9.7 mm, respectively.
The internal accessorygenitalia of. faneraria have been dissected and compared in
a number of males, the specimen here figured (fig. 5) being taken only as an example.
Variation is slight and mainly apparent in the shape of the 7th sternal plate, whose apex
may be more or less deeply notched; also the number of strong, finely plumose seta€
varies between individuals. The whole structure is distinctly more slender than in
E. obscara, the long, widely divaricate apodemal processesof. faneraria being especially
distinctive.
Flower records.-Vicia andTbynus (sec.Friese).
Distribution. - A widely-spread Mediterranean specieswith a scattered distribution,
probably more continuously so towards the east. Actual range presumably coinciding
with that of. Habropoda zonatula (and tarsata?); see last chapter.
Eupavlovskia obscura (Friese)
Eigs. 2-4 andT
MelecrafttnerariaSmithvar. obscuanov. Friese,ny'l, P,ienerEuropa'sl: 155-156(9 6 key, / -q
/
partim),166-L67(pars: 9 Dalmatien;9 Livorno). '
Melectanigra Spinola.;
Gribodo,1893,Bull. Soè.Ent. Ital. 25: 414-4r, (9 6 Liguda).
MelectafunerariaSmithforma Grandiinov. Hedicke,1935,Boll. Lab. Ent. Ist. Sup.Agrar. Bologna(19)4) 7: 213 (6 Bologna).- Grandi,1954,Boll. Ist. Ent.Univ. Bologna2o: 251 (Yersilia,littor. tosco-ligure).
EupaaloosÈia
funeruriaSmithvar. grandii Hedicke:Popov,1955,Trudi Zool. lnst. Akad. Nauk
USSR21: 332(note;notseen).
Type material.- Italy:
9 (lectotypeby presentdesignation),labelled l3/Mann
t872Livorno, alerrima det. Kohl, L22 funerariavar. obscuraFriese g, det. Friese 1893
(NM\ùD. Jogoslavia:
labelledMann Dalm. 8)0 (written on
9 (lectosyntype),
square), aterrima det. Kohl, funeraria var. obscuraFriese g, det. Friese 1893 (NMI7).
Italy:
6, Emili4 labelled Bologna, Ronzano, lt.IY.l934, Melecta funeraria van
grandii m., det. H. Hedicke, lectotypeM. funeraria var. grandii Hedicke (IEB).
Furthermaterial.-Italy:
s r a n d , iH
s e r i e s6 g ( s y n t y p e g
i edickq2 6 diss.),
Bologna, Ronzanq l2-26.1V.t934 (t A with Bologna, Gaibola), all taken in April and
May, 1 6 identified as M. funeraria Sm. var. grand.ii Hed. and 1 g as M. funeraria
Sm. var. obscuraFriese, by J. D. Alfken 1937 (IEB) i 3 g , same loc. and dates, 1938
and t940, M. nigra Spin. det. J. D. Alfken 1939 (IEB). 1 6 (diss.), Emilia, Italia,
M.funeraria Sm.,det. ? (NAMP). Series 6 9, Liguria, Borzoli lnearGenoa], IV.1883,
G. Doria, 1. 6 with M. nigra Spinola, det. Gribodo, L g with M. nigra Spin. ??, det.
Gribodo, and 1 I with,44. nigraSpin. (nec Lep.), det. Gribodo (MCG); series 6 9,
"su
Borzoli, 10-20.IV.1909 ( 6 ), 15-20.IV.1909 9 ), all with addition
fiori Brassica
oleraceaG. Doria", 1 ô with Genova dint. and 1 g with M. nigra Spin. (unknown
writing) (MCG); 1 6 1 Ç , Genova, Aprile, 6 with Melecta spec., det. Guiglia, g
q)?â uo pareld aruarsaqnd ryos 8uo1 yo saq4rd rupEuurrl ssel Jo eJotu eql JoJ eÀ?s:pplq
qng alwount rot pâqrJlcap sz aySrel 1srlJ Jo :lsry uo âJuaf,sâqndït?lg râls?C
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pue âJoJJo srelu?rporl pu? e?xo) ivtwnunt ur u?ql ra8uo1s8a1Jo â)uelsaqnd 'peJnoloJ
fy.rzpurs puz ra8uo1osle sSurn pu5lâq s1;n; purelsldepul 1q85 'a1Jqlo,
arnd Jo p?epur
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IJ? lsotup pelnqqsrp
sr elourdg zt7ru vgu1tund'yJ szataqmlnq 'sSurpunorrnsr?lnurs ur Suuds eç Euunp
fiD)o qloq pu? Tælq aru saneds qtoq Jo sâpual eql 'JoJre eql pallalJol pu? lr pazlu
-Eorar ar'rq ,{lpelqnopun plno^l opogrJg 'ouuo; lz uoJltogo) u,r,o s,uJouldgul peÂJes
-ard puz uortrpuor pooE ul ilqs âpruâJ e 'ptîru 'y7 p ad$ aq1papadsur ag p?H 'êtu?u
s lnoqlrn JâruJoJeqr Uâl pve rt8ru s.ulourdg ro; sanads re88rq eç 1oolslu 'uorsn1f,
-uor 8uor,u egl 1e pâÀuJz ,(gzury puz ,.uun8ry,, sârl,rl?lolSurpuodsarroraqr ,(q pâFlur
s?^l âq '(trrlvçtun( epar) 'zuu4 vpau'y4J 1o '$ayeÀ,, TJ"lq u dpo aq ot lf pesll?er
puu lp11 ur sâqrl?rol reqlo ruoJJ 11a,tsanads srql Àâu>l opoqlrC q8noqlly 'ptteîaw
ârul € prr? eeq râll"rss rpnw ?'rarraaloq'sr srqa'9gg1 ?louldg ru7u vltalayJ;o rQ'qzro1
adlr aql Jo l?rp rltpÀ eppuJoJ o1 suaddeq q:lq,t lrlunot u ?rmtq IUoJ, au?tr suaurnads
sr11 'r(lnuapr eql noq? lqnop ou a,rza1'aSenEuel uÀ,o slq uI uellrriû, 'xas raqlra Jo suoq
-dursap luâIlalxa asoq,r 'opoqug ,Q ,{rnzaq slr roJ pasr?Jdlgurur(1 os aaq aql q sF[l
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M. A. LnrrrNcr: Tbe melecrine
llt
side, which are yellowish-white, slightly variable in size and composed of hairs that are
longer than in funeraria, Succeedingsegmentseither entirely black (in the majority of
specimens),or 3-4 (still more wely 2-4) each with a minute circular spot or point
of white pubescenceon either side. For the rest black, the disk of 7th tergite clothed
also with black or very dark brown tomentum.
Female. - Body jet-black, clothed all over with deep black pubescence,there being
no concentrations of black hair-spots in places which in funeraria and o, simalarrix are
covered with white hair bands or spots. Only the tomentum of the tarsal segmentsis
dark brown with slight reddish brown lustre.
Variation. - I7hereas the females are very uniform, remaining totally blacJ<,the
males e.xhibit some slight variation in the e:rtent of white on the abdomen. In our series
from ,the environs of Genoa and Rome about half of the males possesswhite hair
points at the sides of tergites 3 and 4 (not on 2) in addition to the white tufts on either
side of gastral 1. In all males from Bologna and Sicily, however, all tergites except the
first are unmarked. The single specimen from Emilia approachessinulatrix by having
tergites 2, 3 and 4 white-spotted, albeit that the spots on 3 and 4 are extremely minute.
- Body length: 6 , 13.5-L6.0 mm, fore wing 11.0-11.3 mmi 9,
Measurements.
14.0-1t.5 mm and 10.5 nm, respectively.
Flower records.- Brassicaoleracea(near Genoa, sec. Doria and Gribodo).
Eupavlovskia ob,scurasimulatrix subspec.nov.
Figs. 1---4 and 6
MeleerafunerariaFriese,1895,BienenEuropa's1: 155-156( 9 6 key,partim),166-167(9 6
descr.,partim) ("Italien, Dalmatienbis Budapest",partim). - Zavattari,1913,Bull. Mus. Zool.
1930,Hym.Nord- u.
Anat.comp,.
Torino28, no.67Li 2 (6 Rodi,no descr.).- Schmiedeknecht,
ert., partim).- Leclercq,1965,Bull.
Mitteleuropas,
2. Aufl.:830 ("Sûdeuropa
bis Budapest";
Inst. Agron. et Stat.Rech.Gembloux33:.144 ( 9 Vienna; 9 Asia minor mér.: BulgharDagh).
Eupaalotskiafuneraûa
Popov,195t,TrudyZool.Inst.Akad.NaukUSSR2l:3)2 (locs.,partim).
J
u
g
o
s
l
a
via:
g ( h o l o t y p e )a n d I ( a l l o t y p e ) , M a z e d o n i e n[ S .
Material.
Jugoslavia],Treskaschlucht,Lo.V.L9r6 ( 6 ) and 20.Y.I956 ( e ), leg. Pinker, ex coll.
H. Bytinski-Salz (ML). 1 g , Macedoni4 KatlanovskaBanja lVardar valley near Skopje],
5.VL1965, \7. VervoorÇ on Vicia darycarpaTen. (ML). 1 6, Macedonia, Cavenworth
(?) (BM). 6,Dalmatien,Jugosl.InselLokrum[oppositeDubrovnik] L966,leg.C.v.
Demelt, M. funeraria det. Leclercq (FAG). 1 g, Dalm latiaf, Zelenika [nr. Castelnuovo], Csiki, 214.plurinotata Brullé, det. Mocsâry (MBUD). z 6 (1 diss.), Istria,
Rovigno, Mai 1900, Dr. Uzel, both with Melecla/Eupaolouskia/funeraria Sm. det. ?
(NAMP), 1 g,Istria, Limski Fjord, 3.VI.r962,C. F. van Beusekom,on Cifius aillosus
(ML).Albania:
1 g, Albanien, Durrec lDurazzof, lV.I9l7, Karny, Mel.
g,
1 9,'Wien, Kuchelau,coll.
det.
(NM\U7). - Austria:
Sm.
Maidl
funeraria
Muhr-\7ien (FAG). - Greece:
I g, MelectafunerariaSmith, 9 ( 6 eraded),
Olympia, Griechenland, det. Schmiedeknecht(in Schmiedeknecht'swriting), Etpaolooskiafuneraria Sm., det. D. B. Baker (NM\ùD. L ç, Lamia (S of Othrys Mts., lat. 39o),
12.V.1962,\W. Linsenmaier(CL). 1 g, Sparta (Peloponnesus,lat. 37o), 18.V.1962,
\7. Linsenmaier(Ct). 1 6, Graecia,StymphalischerSee [Stimfalias], l6-I9.lY.l9r6,
Fr. Borchmanî L96o (MKB). 2 g, Graecia,Peloponnes,Zachlorou, 3o.Y.1962 nd
28.V.1964,Max. Schwarz(CMS).2 g, Ellas,Athene,Mt. Imitos,2.Y.L963,S. Daan
& V. van Laar (MA); 1 g, Ellas, Attica, Limni Marathonos,11.V.L963,S. Daan & V.
4 6,,
v a n L a a r ( M A ) . L g , T i n o s [ T e n o sL ] , c o l l . M o r a w i t z ( Z I L ) . - S i c i l y :
drru I = âu4-âl?rs 'iùâr^ I?rluoÀ 'saluJd Juurals (lq8p reddn) qlqSre pue (ryal ra,u,o1)qluâ^es
: (rya1raddn) pânluro trpsourEurlzo: Ipsuq asuapaql 'e1e1dl?s?qorâpl snoreJrlespu? râ^or snou?rq
-urau Suraaogs'pa8rupaeJoul'âru?s seJnpuls 8urulo(pepuz snygsouoSrqElr:(lg8u.rairol)
Jo
rÀâr^ IEIJ]Ua^'apsdz: l?Uueg '?rJlsJ uory f, ''aou 'dsqns xlttftalr
tfitrrqo oryn.olrtulng .g .3r.g
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aru?sprrc ,soroposl-sor8y
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9II
M. A. LmrrrNCrc: Tlte meleuine genus EupatlousLia
r1.7
50-100 m,7.1V.L962; 6 g,Ispir fArmenia),IY.I962 (alt. e datesnot noted); all
g, Asia minor mérid., Bulghar Dagh, 1.200m,
K. M. Guichard & Harvey (BM);1
leg. Demelt, 6-15.VI. 1964, M. fureraùa, det. Leclercq (FAG). 1 g Taurus lKurdistan], Marasch, Y.1928, E. Pfeiffer, Melecîa funeraria Srn., det. F. Stocklein (ZSM).
- USSR : 1 Ç, Caucasus,Kazikoporani
lArmeniaf, funeraria Sm., coll. & det.
Morawitz (ZlL); L Q, Transcaucasus,
Borshom (ZIL). L g, tù7ag lner] Cauc lasus]
(written on square), funeraria det. Kohl (NM\D.
1 g, Ost-Buchara (Uzbekistan),
Tschitschantan,coll. Hauser 1898 (NM\7).
At least half of the bees named funeraria in collections belong to this species,which
is more robust, averagesslightly larger in size and has longer hair than faneraria,
Morphologically, E, o, sinulatrix is almost an exact replica of. obscura,the size being
the same, the venational chararteristicscorrespond closely, and there are only slight
differences in the form of the leg structure and genitalia of the male. Both sexes differ
from the nominotype mainly in that the light markings are much more extensive,
especially on the abdomen, the yellowish tinge of the thoracic pubescence of male
obscara having becomepure white in sirnalatrix.
Male. - White fringe of long erect hairs at occipital crest sparselyintermixed with
few dark hairs. Iong white pubescencecovering thoracic segmentspure silvery-whitg the
anterior collar frequently a little broader than in o, obscara (up to 3 mm), more or less
confluent laterùly below the wings with the metepisternal ,tufts and occupying rnost of
the sides. Legs predominantly black-haired; coxae and trochanters with much white hair,
long posterior fringe of fore femur also pure white, those of remaining femora black;
tibiae black but outer faces of all segments,except (or partly including) the lasÇ dothed
with white tomentum similady to faneraria. tù7hite lateral patches of gastral tergite 1
larger and more approximated than in obscura, the erect hairs on anterior portion of
disk frequently likewise partly or wholly white; white tergal blotches covering the sides
of 2-5 consisting of decumbent hairs, resembling those of faneraria in shape but all
slightly larger, usually more angular and extending a little further inward in several
specimens (orcept in the holotype, in which the spots are quite similar to those of rnost
funeraria). In a large-spotted male from Istria the spots have attained their maximum
size, being placed transversely on tergites 3 and 4 and equal in breadth to the distance
separating them; this is, however, an exceptionally light specimen. Minus variants
originate from Sicily. Tomentum covering 7th ,tergite exactly as in E. f*xeraria.
Fig. 7. Left: Eupaulouskiaf uneraria (F. Smith), from Olympia (Greece); right: E, o, obscura
(Friese), from Bologna (Italy). Right lateral view of apex of gonocoxiteand gonostylus of I
genitalia; vlp : ventro-lateralprocessof gonostylus
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vpo(otqrg p seprueJ qsJuedg oâÀl ol sreJar (196I) zFIC 'perJnuapr lprarror
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Sur,roqs (g '8F) duru aç uo TooI v 'xu|alnwts sanadsgnsEI pu? ptfltrqo .g ue\l
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M. A. LrnrrrNcK:
Tbe melectine genas EupauloasÈia
Table I. Simultaneous occurrences of cuckoo
and host bees of the genera Eupauloushia and Habropoda
Eupauloushia
f uneraria
Spain
Madrid
Italy
Genoa
Bologna
Castiglioncello (near Livorno)
Rome (Lazio)
Rome (Acilia, Lazio)
Rome (Marino, Lazio)
Sicily
Hungary
Budapest
Greece
Athens (Mt. Imitos)
Athens (Marathon Lake)
Olvmpia (Peloponnesus)
Zachlorou ( Peloponnesus)
Tinos I.
+
+
+
Turkey (Asia minor)
Bozdogan (Aydin prov.)
Marmaris (Mugla prov.)
Ula (Mugla prov.)
Finike (Antalya prov.)
Ispir (near Erzurum)
tarsata
+
+
+
+
+
+
zonatula
I
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+?
Rhodos
USSR
Borshom (near Tiflis)
Kazikopora (Armenia)
Araxes Valley
Habropoda
o. simuIatrix
+
Jugoslavia
Istria
Dalmatia
Treska Valley
Katlanovska Banja (nr. Skopie)
Albania
o. obscura
+
+
+
+
+
-L)
l
.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
.+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
On the opposite side of the Adriatic coast E. obscura is replaced by o. simularix, its
probable host still being H. ,drrard. Friese's old record "Dalmatia, Mann", for the
syntype of. E. o, obscura is the only - perhaps even rather doubtful - evidence of its
occrrrence in Jugoslavia.The simulatrix - tarsata associationis apparently maintained
in many parts of Greece and some of the neighbouring small islands. The much scarcer
E. funeraria, on the other hand, has been taken at olympia" a hahitat which it shares
with the equally rure H. zonaîula.
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2014-15 Sezon Programı - Bilkent Senfoni Orkestrası

experimental investigation of foam films stabiluzed