07_list of figures

List of Figures
Page No.
Fig. 1.1 A hand modelled painted bull with prominent hump
from Kulli culture, early 3rd millennium BCE
Fig. 1.2 Hand modelled bull from Mature Harappan period from
Kalibangan
Fig. 1.3 A hand modelled female figure with fan-shaped
headdress from Mohenjodaro, 2300-2000 BCE
Fig. 1.4 A stylised Naga figure with human body and
snake hood from Patna, 400-200 BCE
Fig. 1.5 A handmade mother goddess figure with broad
headdress from Mauryan period from Mathura
Fig. 1.6 A plaque depicting Mithuna from Kausambi,
Sunga period, 2nd century BCE
Fig. 1.7 A female figure (probably deity) standing on a crouched
dward and its mould from Sunga period, Mathura
Fig. 1.8 A female head from Satavahana period, Paithan
Fig. 1.9 A standing dwarf (probably Yaksha) from Kushana
period, Mathura, c. 1st century CE
Fig. 1.10 A head of Siva from Gupta period, Kausambi,
c. 5th century CE
Fig. 1.11 A life size figure of the river goddess Ganga with her female
attendant from Gupta period Ahichchhatra
Fig. 3.1 The physical map of West Bengal
Fig. 3.2 The site of Chandraketugarh
Fig. 3.3 The site of Pandu Rajar Dhibi
Fig. 3.4 Map of West Bengal showing location of ancient terracotta
yielding sites and contemporary villages under study
Fig. 3.5 Village Sirishboni
Fig. 3.6 Village Dhagora
Fig. 3.7 Typical hut of a terracotta maker in Sonamukhi-Satyapirtala
Fig. 3.8 Village South Srirampur
Fig. 4.1 Map of West Bengal showing important
ancient terracotta yielding sites
Fig. 4.2 A male head with an asymmetrical turban,
1st to 3rd century CE
Fig. 4.3 Above: A hand modelled deer Below: A double
moulded bird (rattle), 1st to 3rd century CE
Fig. 4.4 A mould made bejewelled female figure with auspicious hairpins
on either side of her head, 2nd century BCE to 1st century CE
Fig. 4.5 A plaque depicting a female figure holding a child
Fig. 4.6 A double moulded grotesque Yaksha figure (rattle),
1st to 3rd century CE
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Fig. 4.7 A plaque depicting a birth giving mother,
1st century BCE to 3rd century CE
Fig. 4.8 A plaque depicting a winged female divinity standing on lotus,
1st century BCE to 1st century CE
Fig. 4.9 A plaque depicting an erotic couple (Mithuna),
1st to 3rd century CE
Fig. 4.10 A hand modelled mould having negative impression of a
female figure with auspicious hairpins on either side of the
head, 1st to 2nd century CE
Fig. 4.11 A plaque depicting a female divinity with auspicious
hairpins, 1st century BCE to 1st century CE
Fig. 4.12 A bejewelled female divinity with five auspicious hairpins,
2nd century BCE known as ‘Oxford Yakshi’
Fig. 4.13 A double headed figure with a large ring above having
Roman affinity, Kushana period, 1st to 2nd century CE
Fig. 4.14 A seated figure of a boy having Hellenistic characteristics,
Kushana period, 1st to 2nd century CE
Fig. 4.15 A mould showing a winged figure,
Sunga Period
Fig. 4.16 A decorated wheeled ram (cart),
Kushana period
Fig. 4.17 A plaque depicting a female divinity with
auspicious hairpins and bicornate headgear, 2nd century
BCE to 1st century CE
Fig. 4.18 A hand modelled wheeled horse, 2nd century
BCE to 1st century CE
Fig. 4.19 A mould made drummer, 1st century BCE to
2nd century CE
Fig. 4.20 A head of camel, 1 st to 3rd entury CE
Fig. 4.21 An archaic head with pinched ears and nose,
1st to 3rd century CE
Fig. 4.22 A hand modelled male torso,
2nd to 1st millennium BCE
Fig. 4.23 A hand modelled Mother Goddess with
bird shaped face
Fig. 4.24 A hand modelled head with conical headdress,
1st to 2nd century CE
Fig. 4.25 A plaque depicting a musical scene where a male is
playing a lyre, 1st century BCE to 2nd century CE, Tilpi
Fig. 4.26A hand modelled wheeled ram (toy cart),
1st to 3rd century CE, Tilpi
Fig. 4.27 A hand modelled male head with curly hair
4th to 6th century CE, Dhosa
Fig. 4.28A hand modelled animal figure, Pokhanna
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Page No.
Fig. 4.29 An ornamented seated female figure,
1st to 3rd century CE, Bangarh
Fig. 4.30 A hand modelled female torso on a wheel turned base,
4th to 6th century CE, Harinarayanpur
Fig. 4.31 A plaque depicting two riders on an elephant, 1st to 3rd
century CE, Harinarayanpur
Fig. 4.32 A hand modelled votive pedestal depicting footprints,
Post-Gupta period, Gosaba
Fig. 4.33 A hand modelled Mother Goddess adorned with
stamped girdle and applique necklace from Farakka
Fig. 4.34 A hand modelled female figure from Farakka
Fig. 4.35 A hollow female bust holding a snake
hood in her left hand, having wheel turned
base, 4th to 6th centuries CE, Panna
Fig. 4.36 A moulded head, 3rd to 6th century CE, Panna
Fig. 5.1 Map of West Bengal showing contemporary terracotta
manufacturing and using villages under study
Fig. 5.2The extent of pottery and terracotta manufacture in the villages
Fig. 5.3 Pattern of labour force among terracotta manufacturing families
Fig. 5.4 Family labour force and children’s participation
in pottery and terracotta manufacturing
Fig. 5.5 Contemporary terracotta forms and their distribution in
the studied area
Fig. 5.6 Simplistic horse and elephant from Panchmura
Fig. 5.7 Decorative horse and elephant from Panchmura
Fig. 5.8 Manasar chali/bari from Panchmura
Fig. 5.9 Manasar ghat from Bishnupur terracotta market
Fig. 5.10 God Krishna in front and a mould of Durga in the back from
Chaltaberia
Fig. 5.11 Local female and deities Raktabati Jarasandha from
Yashomantapur
Fig. 5.12 Contemporary archaic mother figure from local
market at South Srirampur
Fig. 5.13 Mother and child from Adityapur
Fig. 5.14 Decorative female model from Chalaberia
Fig. 5.15 Models of legends from Bolpur market
Fig. 5.16 Dolls from Bolpur fair (Poushmela)
Fig. 5.17 Ghat from Sanksahar-Nischintapur
Fig. 5.18 Marriage ghat from Sonamukhi-Satyapirtala
Fig. 5.19 Decorative pot and flower vase from Panchmura
Fig. 5.20 Perforated pot (sahasra jhar) from Sanksahar-Nischintapur
Fig. 5.21 Tulsi Mancha from Yashomantapur
Fig. 5.22 Pradip (simplistic) from Sanksahar-Nischintapur
Fig. 5.23 Multiple pradip (decorative) from Bishnupur terracotta market
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Fig. 5.24 Pradip stand from Sanksahar-Nischintapur
Fig. 5.25 Rajasthani models from Chaltaberia
Fig. 5.26 Stool (mora) from Shetpur-Palpara
Fig. 5.27 Egyptian pot from Shetpur-Palpara
Fig. 5.28 Musical instrument (baya) from Shetpur
Fig. 5.29 Bell from Makrampur
Fig. 5.30 Dhunuchi from Makrampur
Fig. 5.31 Toy cart and other toys from Devalaya
Fig. 5.32 Masks from Surul
Fig. 5.33 Plaques from Shetpur-Palpara
Fig. 5.34Ornaments from Bishnupur terracotta market
Fig. 5.35 Ganesha from Chaltaberia
Fig. 5.36 Lump of clay (back) and prepared clay (front) in Chaltaberia
Fig. 5.37 A person manufacturing terracotta items by hand in Panchmura
Fig. 5.38 Terracotta makers are engaged in filling up the plaster-of-Paris
moulds with clay to take positive impression in Chaltaberia
Fig. 5.39 A woman is using pitna on a mould for getting the shape of
a large vessel; a finished product is also visible in Tarangakhali
Fig. 5.40 Terracotta mould for preparing pradip in
Sanksahar-Nischintapur
Fig. 5.41 A man is preparing pradip stands by using wheeling
technique in Atghara-Palpara
Fig. 5.42 A man is decorating terracotta items with the help of a
pointed tool in Adityapur
Fig. 5.43 Preparation of natural colour in Panchmura
Fig. 5.44 A person is colouring a decorative pot with artificial colour by
using spray gun in Shetpur-Palpara
Fig. 5.45 Arrangement of terracotta items in kiln in Panchmura
Fig. 5.46 A closed kiln with clay covering on fire in Chaltaberia
Fig. 5.47 Fired objects in kiln before being taken out in Panchmura
Fig. 5.48 Some of the tools used in decoration of terracotta items
in Adityapur
Fig. 5.49 Bole and pitna used for giving shapes to terracotta
objects in Makrampur
Fig. 5.50 Nature of terracotta marketing among the studied villages
Fig. 5.51 Schematic representation of simple cycle of production and
distribution of terracotta items at Devalaya
Fig. 5.52 Schematic representation of complex production and
distribution system at Shetpur-Palpara
Fig. 5.53 Haats and patterns of participation in the haats among
the villages of Tarangakhali and Yashomantapur
Fig. 5.54 Patterns of market participation in Bankura
Fig. 5.55 Mechanism of long distance trade via middlemen
Fig. 5.56 Price difference between local and urban centres
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Page No.
Fig. 6.1Above: terracotta offering at gramdevata than
and below: offering at Fullara Mata’s temple,
one of the mythical Sati’s pith at Birbhum
Fig. 6.2 Terracotta horse offering at a Vaishnava grave in Birbhum
Fig. 6.3 A schematic diagram of the arrangements
for Natai-Chandi (not to scale)
Fig. 6.4 Arrangements for Natai Chandi in South Srirampur
Fig. 6.5 A schematic diagram showing the spatial dimension of
Natai-Chandi (not to scale)
Fig. 6.6 Above: Bastu pujar ghat in its context, i.e. kept under tree
near a bushy space, below: Bastu pujar ghat after the ritual in
Atghara-Palpara
Fig. 6.7A schematic diagram showing the spatial arrangements for
Bastu puja in Atghara-Palpara (not to scale)
Fig. 6.8 Layout of Atghara-Palpara village locating positions used for
Bastu puja (not to scale)
Fig. 6.9 A mixed shrine near Sonamukhi-Satyapirtala
Fig. 6.10 A mixed shrine near Bishnupur, Bankura, left:
Gramdevata, centre: Shitala, right: Manasa
Fig. 6.11 Layout of Sirishboni village (not to scale)
Fig. 6.12 Layout of Moyna village (not to scale)
Fig. 6.13 Layout of Gangduari village (not to scale)
Fig. 6.14 Layout of Dhagora village (not to scale)
Fig. 6.15 Typical Jaher than at Laya's House in Dhagora
Fig. 6.16 Gramdevata than in Sirishboni village
Fig. 6.17Gramdevata than in Gangduari village
Fig. 6.18 Manasa than near Bishnupur, Bankura
Fig. 6.19 Manasa than in Sonamukhi-Satyapirtala
Fig. 6.20 Manasa than in Panchmura
Fig. 7.1Left: A serpentine figure from Chandraketugarh, Early
Historic period Right: A Nagi figure with splayed hips and
incised circlets from Pre-Mauryan period from Chandraketugarh
Fig. 7.2 Contemporary Manasar ghat
Fig. 7.3 Contemporary Manasar chali/bari
Fig. 7.4 Different Manasa forms with offering in contemporary
Manasa than near Sonamukhi-Satyapirtala
Fig. 7.5 Contemporary Manasa than at Panchmura
Fig. 7.6 An elephant figure from Chandraketugarh, 1st to 3rd century CE
Fig. 7.7A horse figure from Harinarayanpur, timeless variety
Fig. 7.8 Decorated wheeled horse from Chandraketugarh,
1st-2nd century CE
Fig. 7.9 Contemporary simplistic terracotta horse and elephant
figures from Bankura
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Fig. 7.10 Contemporary decorative terracotta horse and elephant
figures from Bankura
Fig. 7.11Horses and elephants offering at a sacred grove in
Sirishboni village, Paschim Medinipur
Fig. 7.12 An elephant rider from Chandraketugarh,
1st to 3rd century CE
Fig. 7.13 A contemporary horse rider from Devalaya
Fig. 7.14 A Mother Goddess from Harinarayanpur
Fig. 7.15 A Mother Goddess from Chandraketugarh
Fig. 7.16 Contemporary Natai-Chandi: The mother figure at Bardhaman
Fig. 7.17 A hand modelled Mother Goddess with bird shaped face
from Pandu Rajar Dhibi
Fig. 7.18 Mother and child figure from Chandraketugarh,
1st to 3rd century CE
Fig. 7.19 Contemporary mother and child figure from Adityapur
Fig. 7.20 Contemporary mother and child figure used in
Natai-Chandi puja in South Srirampur
Fig. 7.21 Paired ghat of Bastu puja, with moustache (left) representing the
male deity and without moustache (right) representing the female deity,
from Atghara-Palpara
Fig. 7.22 Present day clay idol of Dakkhin Ray with
tiger in front (right) and Banbibi (left)
Fig. 7.23 A terracotta plaque from Chandraketugarh, depicting male and
female deity riding on a tiger (c. 2nd century CE)
Fig. 7.24 A demonic figure from Chandraketugarh 1st to 3rd century CE
Fig. 7.25 Contemporary local village deities, Raktakarabi (left)
and Jarasandha (right) from Yashomantapur
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