Bangladesh Employers‘ Federation Employers Organizations and Migrant Workers Farooq Ahmed Secretary-general, BEF http://www.ilo.org/dhaka/ http://www.bef.org.bd/ Promoting Decent Work through Improved Migration Policy and its Application in Bangladesh 1 http://www.ilo.org/dhaka/ Promoting Decent Work through Improved Migration Policy and its Application in Bangladesh 2 Structure of the presentation Overall Situation Outflow trends International normative framworks Legislative and regulatory frameworks in South Asia South Asian Employers and Labour Migration Employers Organization and Labour Migration http://www.ilo.org/dhaka/ http://www.bef.org.bd/ Promoting Decent Work through Improved Migration Policy and its Application in Bangladesh 3 Overall Situation Trends (Source: Updated – Original in Wickramasekara 2011) Country Afghanistan Outflow (annual) * Immigrant Stock (000s) 2010 Emigrant Stock (000s) 2010 Remittances US$ million 1,085 5,380 12,068 Remittance as % of GDP (7) 2011 Migration Status 2008-10 2011 average No Data. (Migrant workers in neighbouring as well as other countries , for eg., about 3 million in Pakistan but largely treated as refugees - not much deliberation on their work and employment status) Bangladesh 574,519 Bhutan No Data India 700,076 Maldives No Data Nepal 256,037 946 982 Pakistan 400,365 4,234 Sri Lanka 218,609 334 http://www.ilo.org/dhaka/ http://www.bef.org.bd/ 11 Primarily origin Professionals seen overseas 5,436 11,358 63,011 4.2 Origin, destination and transit 4,217 21.6 Destination – professionals seen overseas Primarily origin 4,677 12,263 4.2 Origin, destination and transit 1847 5,193 7.2 Primarily origin Promoting Decent Work through Improved Migration Policy and its Application in Bangladesh 4 Main features of South Asian labour migration High movement to and concentration in the Gulf and Middle East countries Temporary migration of labour Predominance of semi-skilled and low-skilled migrant workers Large numbers of migrant workers in informal and irregular status within South Asia Growing importance of female migration Commercialization of the recruitment industry. http://www.ilo.org/dhaka/ http://www.bef.org.bd/ Promoting Decent Work through Improved Migration Policy and its Application in Bangladesh 5 International Normative Framework and Standards – Part 1 ILO fundamental conventions: Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organise Convention, 1948 (No. 87) Right to Organise and Collective Bargaining Convention, 1949 (No. 98) Forced Labour Convention, 1930 (No. 29) Abolition of Forced Labour Convention, 1957 (No. 105) Equal Remuneration Convention, 1951 (No. 100) Discrimination (Employment and Occupation) Convention, 1958 (No. 111) Minimum Age Convention, 1973 (No. 138) Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention, 1999 (No. 182) ILO conventions and recommendations specific to migrant workers ILO Convention on Migration for Employment (Revised), 1949 (No. 97) + Recommendation 86 ILO Convention on Migrant Workers (Supplementary Provisions), 1975 (No.143) + Recommendation 151 ILO Multilateral Framework on Labour Migration UN Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and their Families, 1990 More than 80 countries have at least ratified one of the three instrument http://www.ilo.org/dhaka/ http://www.bef.org.bd/ International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour 6 International Normative Framework and Standards – Part 2 Other conventions relevant to migrant workers ILO Conventions on Private Employment Agencies, 1977 (No. 181) ILO Domestic Workers Convention, 2011 (No. 189) CEDAW General Recommendation on the Rights of Women Migrant Workers, 2008 (No. 26) ILO Multilateral Framework on Labour Migration (2006) non-binding- principles, guidelines and best practices • • • • • • • • • Decent work Means for international cooperation on labour migration Global knowledge base Effective management of labour migration Protection of migrant workers Prevention/protection against abusive migration practices Migration process Social integration & inclusion Migration & development http://www.ilo.org/dhaka/ http://www.bef.org.bd/ Promoting Decent Work through Improved Migration Policy and its Application in Bangladesh Emphasis on social dialogue and consultation with employers and workers 7 Legislative and Regulatory Frameworks in South Asia Country Ministry/Govt Body Framework/Law Afghanistan Ministry of Labour, Social Affairs, Martyrs and Disabled (MoLSAMD) No data Labour Code of Afghanistan; Regulation for sending Afghan workers abroad Bangladesh Ministry of Expatriate Welfare & Overseas Employment (MEWOE) India Ministry of Indians Overseas Affairs (MIOA) No data Emigration Ordinance, 1982 (No. 29 of 1982) to be replaced by (draft) Overseas Employment and Migration Act, 2013, if passed; Overseas Employment Policy 2006 to be replaced by the Overseas Employment Policy 2013; Three Rules on Emigration, Recruitment and Wage Earners Welfare Fund. The Emigration Act, 1983; Emigration Rules, 30 December 1983 & Emigration (Amendment) Rules, 2009. Bhutan Maldives Nepal Ministry of Labour and Transport Management (MoLTP) Department of Foreign Employment (DoFE); Foreign Employment Promotion Board (FEPB) Pakistan Ministry of Human Resource Development; Bureau of Emigration & Overseas Employment; Ministry of Overseas Pakistanis Ministry of Foreign Employment Promotion & Welfare (MFEW) Sri Lanka http://www.ilo.org/dhaka/ http://www.bef.org.bd/ Foreign Employment Act, 2007 (Act No. 26 of the year 2042) repealing Foreign Employment Act of 1985); The Foreign Employment Rules, 2064 (2008); Foreign Employment Tribunal 2010; Foreign Employment (First Amendment) Rules, 2011; Foreign Employment Policy 2012. Emigration Ordinance, No. 18 of 1979 (updated 2012); Emigration Rules, 1979 (updated 2012). Sri Lanka Bureau of Foreign Employment Act, No. 21 of 1985 (amended 1994, 1995 and 2009); National Labour Migration Policy, 2008. Promoting Decent Work through Improved Migration Policy and its Application in Bangladesh 8 South Asian Employers and Labour Migration Employers in the countries of origin are engaged as: Employers of potential migrant workers – sector level impact of labour migration Businesses providing technical and vocational education services Businesses providing recruitment/employee sourcing services Businesses hiring returned workers Businesses financed by remittances Businesses owned by the former migrant workers http://www.ilo.org/dhaka/ http://www.bef.org.bd/ Promoting Decent Work through Improved Migration Policy and its Application in Bangladesh 9 Employers’ Organizations and Labour Migration Bringing collective voice to extend scope and improve the efficiency of labour migration governance policy and mechanisms, and support services through: Engagement in national development planning Promotion of Ethical Employment through counterpart associations Engagement in the international labour market Collaboration for regulation of the businesses providing recruitment services to promote transparent and accountable growth of private sector Participation in professional reintegration of the migrant worker Developing code of ethics for local employers of the migrant workers http://www.ilo.org/dhaka/ http://www.bef.org.bd/ International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour 10 Employers Organizations and Regional Integration of Labour Market Regional integration and trade liberation high on SAARC agenda No corresponding thinking or policies about labour migration Common labour standards and social security Building a common understanding of support needed for entrepreneurship among the returning/returned migrant workers http://www.ilo.org/dhaka/ http://www.bef.org.bd/ Promoting Decent Work through Improved Migration Policy and its Application in Bangladesh 11 Steps Forward A strategy planning meeting of the South Asian Employers Organizations on ....Jan 2014 Possibly also an interface with the SAARC Secretariat Research in South Asia (Jan-Dec 2014). Possible areas: Economic and sector growth data in order to assess the impact of migration on South Asia Assessment of the impact of migrant admission and employment policies on the labour market in South Asia Development of a common ethical code of employment for the employers in the South Asia (between now to 2013) Collaboration with a counterpart Employers Organization or IOE (whichever is possible) to organize a training in formalized migrant worker protection mechanisms http://www.ilo.org/dhaka/ http://www.bef.org.bd/ International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour 12 Thank you for your attention ! http://www.ilo.org/dhaka/ http://www.bef.org.bd/ Promoting Decent Work through Improved Migration Policy and its Application in Bangladesh 13
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