BGH International LLC BGH International, LLC INNOVATIONS FOR

BGH International,
International LLC
INNOVATIONS FOR LIFE
August
2014
(c) Brian Hubka 2013
1
(c) Brian Hubka 2013
2
(c) Brian Hubka 2013
3
(c) Brian Hubka 2013
4
MOLD CONTAMINATION
It is now recognized that one of the
principal
biological
contaminants
of
concern
responsible
for
clean
room
contamination is mold, rather than bacteria
or viruses

Mold traditionally
y is viewed as an allergen
g
and
rarely
as
pathogenic
but
the
mycotoxins released. by mold pose a threat
to pharmaceutical products
(c) Brian Hubka 2013
5
The Number One Problem Is
M ld Spores(or
Mold
S
(
is
i iit?)
?)








Spores are everywhere
Walls, behind walls
Ceilings,
Ceilings above ceilings
On your clothes
In your hair
In the air
In anything brought into the room
Any crack or fissure
(c) Brian Hubka 2013
6
MOLD GROWTH FACTORS
most importantly a source of moisture, proper nutrients

Moisture
 Temperature
Proper nutrients
 Light/Dark
(c) Brian Hubka 2013
7
1.
2.
3.
4.
Moisture - hard to control moisture,
moisture
accumulates on lower floors, cracks in
building,
building high outside humidity
humidity,
human bodies, wet clothes underneath
gowns
Temperature – you can only make it
so cold
Nutrients – wall board, paint, organic
cleaning materials
materials, pollen,
pollen plastic
Light / Dark
(c) Brian Hubka 2013
8
CONTAMINATION CONTROL
Traditional ways to control mold contamination:
 Control of the environmental conditions to
prevent mold contamination and growth (clean
rooms, filters, humidity control)
 Application
pp
of p
physical
y
method (
(mechanical,,
thermal, and electrical fields ) to remove mold
cells and spores
 Application of antimicrobial products
(chemical warfare)
(c) Brian Hubka 2013
9
ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL
• Mold will grow in water, or
saturated air (100% relative
humidity RH) without any
additional moisture
• At an RH of 97% and
below, surface wetting is
necessary
y for the growth
g
• Between RH of 64% to
97% variations in the type
of the surface material have
not affected mold growth
responses
(c) Brian Hubka 2013
10
.
PHYSICAL METHODS OF CONTROL
High temperature
- Structural drying
- Structural pasteurization
- Mechanical Filtering
.
(c) Brian Hubka 2013
11
ANTIMICROBIAL PRODUCTS MAKERS
Products
Phenol base and perchlorate based
Perchlorate based
Quat based
Perchlorates based
Phenol and Quat based
Peroxide , phenol based
Quat based
(c) Brian Hubka 2013
12
Problems with Use of Anti
Anti-Mi
Microbial
bi l Products
P d

They do not prevent mold

The oxidizers oxidize themselves
(c) Brian Hubka 2013
13
NEW DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
Scientists have worked for years on spore
control.
t l But
B t now, the
th picture
i t
in
i the
th lower
l
right
i ht
is frightening.
(c) Brian Hubka 2013
14
What are Hyphae?
Growing hyphae. Hyphal fragments or mycelia are
components of fungal growth (similar to the roots and
branches of a tree); it is common to find small hyphal
fragments in outdoor air and in indoor dust.
(c) Brian Hubka 2013
15
What are Fungal Propagules?
Propagules?
• Ap
propagule
p g
is any
y material that
is used for the purpose of
propagating an organism to the
next stage in their life cycle via
dispersal.
dispersal
• Th
The propagule
l is
i usually
ll di
distinct
ti t
in form from the parent
organism.
(c) Brian Hubka 2013
16
MUST REMOVE 99.
99.97%
97% OF ALL
PARTICLES GREATER THAN .3
MICRONS FROM THE AIR
(c) Brian Hubka 2013
17
What is the Biological Job of a
Mycelium or of Hyphae?
• Hyphal growthgrowth-it's reasonable to think of
hyphal fragments as little pieces of plant
stems or roots - except in this case the
organism is not a tree or bush, but a fungal
structure - mold.
• Hyphal fragments might, if conditions are
ripe,
i
begin
b i growing
i
and
d eventually
t ll lead
l d to
t
mold spore production.
• A hypha (plural hyphae) is a long
long, branching
filamentous structure of a fungus. In most
fungi, hyphae are the main mode of
vegetative growth, and are collectively
18
(c) Brian Hubka 2013
called a mycelium.
Every fungus must contain generative
hyphae. There are also skeletal and
binding hyphae.
(c) Brian Hubka 2013
19
Appl Environ Microbiol. 2002 July;
68(7): 3522–3531.
doi: 10.1128/AEM.68.7.3522/
3531.2002
Rafal Gomy
(c) Brian Hubka 2013
20
The aerosolization process of fungal
propagules of three species (Aspergillus
versicolor, Penicillium melinii, and
Cladosporium cladosporioides) was studied by
using a newly designed and constructed
aerosolization chamber
The principal new finding reported here is that
fungal fragments are released together with spores
from contaminated surfaces. While the presence of
fragments is documented with pollen exposures,
fungal fragments have gained much less attention.
pullulans
Aureobasidium p
(c) Brian Hubka 2013
ATCC 15233.
21
The p
presence of fragments
g
was confirmed by
y scanning
g
electron microscope (SEM) analysis. For this purpose, fungal
propagules were aerosolized and sampled during 30-min
experiments onto a 25-mm polycarbonate membrane filter
with a pore size of 0.2 μm (Millipore Co.) with an in-line filter
holder (Pall Gelman Laboratory), which replaced the HEPA
filter in the outlet tube downstream of the aerosolization
chamber
(c) Brian Hubka 2013
22
GORNY CONCLUSIONS
Swirling motion of the air releases significantly more
propagules than the air stream perpendicularly directed
towards the microbiologically contaminated surface.
surface Proper
assessment of indoor exposure to microbial contaminants
should take into account all propagules, which have
immunological reactivity and the ability to become airborne.
Hence, efficient control of both microbial fragments and
spores, not only in the air but also in their source, should be
an integral
g
p
part of the q
quality
y control procedure
p
(c) Brian Hubka 2013
23
DISCUSSION
The most interesting finding of this study was
that a significant amount of immunologically
reactive particles having sizes considerably
smaller than those of the spores was released
from surfaces contaminated with fungi. Even with
the accuracy of the Grimm optical size
spectrometer, which allows measurement of
particles as small as 0.3 μm in size, these
fragments outnumbered the aerosolized spores
by up to 320 times. The presence of fragments
was confirmed by SEM observations.
(c) Brian Hubka 2013
24
Madelin and Madelin reported
p
that p
pieces of
mycelium are often blown away from
contaminated surfaces, and some of these pieces
remain viable and capable
p
of initiating
g new
growth. It is also possible that the fragments are
pieces of spores and fruiting bodies or are formed
through nucleation from secondary metabolites of
fungi, such as semivolatile organic compounds.
Madelin, T. M., and M. F. Madelin. 1995. Biological analysis of
fungi and associated molds, p. 361-386. InIn C. S. Cox and C.
M. Wathes (ed.), Bioaerosol handbook. Lewis
Publishers/CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, Fla.
(c) Brian Hubka 2013
25
Irradiation of airborne organisms has been the
primary
i
focus
f
off many studies,
t di
but
b t only
l a few
f
investigations have been performed on the
recovery
y and physiological
p y
g
changes
g
of
microorganisms some time after UV radiation.
The destruction of microorganisms by
UV radiation is an exponential process
process. The
higher the given dosage, the higher the
proportion of destroyed microorganisms.
Lithuanian Journal of Physics
Physics, Vol
Vol. 48
48, No.
No 3,
3 pp.
pp 265273 (2008) doi:10.3952/lithjphys.48308
doi:10 3952/lithjphys 48308
RESISTANCE OF AIRBORNE FUNGAL PROPAGULES TO
ULTRAVIOLET IRRADIATION: LABORATORY STUDY
V. Ulevi cius a, D. Pe ciulyte b, K. Plaukaite a, and N. pirkauskaite a a Institute of Physics, Savanoriu 231, LT-02300
Vilnius, Lithuania
E-mail: [email protected]
b Institute of Botany, aliu ju e eru 49, LT
LT-08406
08406 Vilnius, Lithuania
Received 30 July 2008; accepted 19 September 2008
(c) Brian Hubka 2013
26
Consequently, the dose necessary to destroy
99% off fungal
f
l propagules
l
i d
is
double
bl the
th value
l
to destroy 90% of fungal propagules.
propagules. It
follows therefore that the dosage
g required
q
to
kill 99.9% is three times the value to destroy
90% and the dosage required to kill 99.99%
is four times the value to destroy 90%.
90%
Variations in ultra
ultra--violet light sensitivity can
be due to the cell size, structure of cell wall or
membrane,
b
pigmentation,
i
t ti
or the
th existence
i t
and capacity of repair systems.
(c) Brian Hubka 2013
27
Therefore, exposure to UV radiation may not
have a lethal effect on fungal propagules;
propagules;
however it may cause changes in their
however,
metabolic activity. After deposition and growth,
fungi may develop different forms, which are
adapted for better survival under unfavourable
conditions. This means that some of fungal
species may become very resistant to
mechanical, chemical, biological attack and
may have significant Influence on ecosystems.
(c) Brian Hubka 2013
28
CONTACT INFORMATION
•
Brian Hubka 702702-858858-7245
•
[email protected]
(c) Brian Hubka 2013
29

Download Report