PHYSICAL METHODS of Organic Chemistry

TECHNIQUE OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Volume I—Part I
PHYSICAL METHODS
of Organic Chemistry
Third Completely Revised and Augmented
Edition
Editor:
ARNOLD WEISSBERGER
Authors of Part I
A. E. ALEXANDER
J. R. ANDERSON
J. C. ARTHUR, JR.
N. BAUER
G. L. BEYER
A. H. CORWIN
W. D. HARKINS
S. Z. LEWIN
W. J. MADER
H. MARK
L. D. MOORE, JR.
D. R. SIMONSEN
EVALD L. SKAU
J. M. STURTEVANT
W. SWIETOSLAWSKI
J. F. SWINDELLS
G. W. THOMSON
M. J. VOLD
R. D. VOLD
R. ULLMAN
R. H. WAGNER
H. WAKEHAM
PART ONE
1959
INTERSCIENCE PUBLISHERS,
INC., NEW YORK
INTERSCIENCE PUBLISHERS LTD., LONDON
T E C H N I Q U E
O F O R G A N I C
C H E M I S T R Y
Volume I
PHYSICAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
CONTENTS
Part One
Krom the Prefaces to the First and Second Editions
I 'refaces to the Third Edition
I. Automatic Control.
vii
viii
By JULIAN M. STURTEVANT
1
II. Automatic Recording. By D. R. SIMONSEN
III. Weighing.
35
By ALSOPH H. CORWIN
IV. Determination of Density.
,
By NORMAN BAUER and S. Z. LEWIN . . . .
71
131
V. Determination of Particle Size and Molecular Weight. By GEORGE
L. BEYER
,
VI. Temperature Measurement.
191
By JULIAN M. STURTEVANT
VII. Determination of Melting and Freezing Temperatures.
259
By EVALD L.
SKAU, JETT C. ARTHUR, JR., and HELMUT WAKEHAM
287
VIII. Determination of Boiling and Condensation Temperatures. By W.
SWIETOSLAWSKI and JOHN R. ANDERSON
357
IX. Determination of Vapor Pressure. By GEORGE W. THOMSON
X. Calorimetry.
By JULIAN M. STURTEVANT
XI. Determination of Solubility.
401
523
By W. J. MADER, R. D. VOLD, and
M. J. VOLD
655
XII. Determination of Viscosity.
By j . F. SWINDELLS, R. ULLMAN, and
H. MARK
689
XIII. Determination of Properties of Insoluble Monolayers at Mobile Interfaces.
By A. E. ALEXANDER
727
XIV. Determination of Surface and Interfacial Tension.
WILLIAM D. HARKINS.
By the late
Revised by A. E. ALEXANDER
757
XV. Determination of Osmotic Pressure. By R. H. WAGNER and L. D.
MOORE, J R
815
Index to Part I
Part Two
XVI. Determination of DifTusivity.
By A. L. GEDDES and R. B. PONTIUS
XVII. Determinations with the Ultracentrifuge.
By J. BURTON NICHOLS
and EMERSON D. BAILEY
XVIII. Refractometry.
By N. BAUER, K. FAJANS, and S. Z. LEWIN
XIX. Determination of Crystal Morphology.
By the late M. A. PEACOCK,
J. D. H. DONNAY, and GABRIELLE DONNAY
XX. Crystallochemical Analysis.
By J. D. H. DONNAY and GABRIELLE
DONNAY
XXI. Light Microscopy. By EDWIN E. JELLEY
XXII. Microspectroscopy. By ELKAN R. BLOUT
XXIII. X-Ray Microscopy. By W. C. NIXON
XXIV. Electron Microscopy. By F. A. HAMM
XXV. X-Ray Crystallography.
By WILLIAM N. LIPSCOMB
XXVI. Electron Diffraction by Gases. By L. O. BROCKWAY
XXVII. Neutron Diffraction. By J. M. HASTINGS and L. M. CORLISS
Index to Part II
xi
Xll
CONTENTS
T E C H N I Q U E
O F O R G A N I C
C H E M I S T R Y
Volume I
PHYSICAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Part
Three
XXVIII. Spectroscopy and Spectrophotometry in the Visible and Ultraviolet.
By W. WEST
XXIX. Infrared Spectroscopy.
By D. H. ANDERSON, N. B. WOODALL, and
W. WEST
XXX. Colorimetry and Photometric Analysis. By W. WEST
XXXI. Determination of Fluorescence and Phosphorescence.
By N.
WOTHERSPOON and GERALD OSTER
XXXII. Light Scattering. By GERALD OSTER
XXXIII. Polarimetry.
By W. HELLER and D. D. FITTS
XXXIV. Optical Rotatory Dispersion. By W. KLYNE and A. C. PARKER
XXXV. Streaming Birefringence. By H. A. SCHERAGA and R. SIGNER
XXXVI. The Kerr Effect. By CATHERINE G. L E FEVRE and R. J. W.
LE FEVRE
XXXVII. Determination of the Faraday Effect.
By C. E. WARING and R. L.
CtTSTER
XXXVIII. Measurement of Dielectric Constant and Loss. By J. G. POWLES and
C. P. SMYTH
XXXIX. Determination of Dipole Moments. By C. P. SMYTH
Index to Part I I I
P a r t F o u r
XL.
XLI.
XLII.
XLIII.
Microwave Spectroscopy. By B. P. DAILEY
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. By H. S. GUTQWSKY
Paramagnetic Resonance Absorption. By GEORGE K. FRAENKEL
Determination of Magnetic Susceptibility. By P. W. SELWOOD
XLIV. Potentiometry. By C. TANPORD and S. WAWZONEK
XLV. Conductometry. By T. SHEDLOVSKY
XLVI.
XLVII.
XLVIH.
XLIX.
Determination of Transference Numbers. By M. SPIRO
Electrophoresis. By D. H. MOORE
Polarography. By O. H. MULLER
Controlled-Potential Electrolysis. By Lotfis MEITES
L. Determination of Radioactivity.
E. SIRI
LI. Mass Spectrometry.
Index to Volume
By BERT M. TOLBERT and WILLIAM
By DAVID M. STEWART