Transmission Infrastructure requirement & Grid Integration aspects Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd 1 Indian Power System - Present All figs. in MW •Thermal- 60% NR NER •Hydro- 17% •Nuclear- 2% •Renewable- 12% ER Peak Demand – 135,000 MW WR KS HA DW EE AN & AND AM R N IC O B A LA SR Installed Capacity – 232,000 MW Per capita consumption– 880 kwh P Transmission Network -Present POW ER MAP OF INDIA • 765kV lines : 8,056 ckms • 400kV lines : 1,25,039 ckms • 220kV lines : 144,966 ckms • HVDC Bipole (±500kV): 9,432 ckms – 5 no. (10,500 MW) • HVDC Back-to-back : 7 nos., (3000MW) • Transformation Capacity: 4,79,411 MVA • FSC – 33 nos.; TCSC – 6 nos. National Grid - Present Inter-Regional Capacity – 32,000MW Sholapur Raichur National Grid – A Continuing Process Interconnection with neighbouring Countries Existing India – Bhutan : Upto 1480MW from Tala(1020), Chukha(336) and Kurichu(60) through 400, 220 & 132kV lines. India – Nepal : About 120-150MW power exchange under radial mode through 132, 33 & 11kV links. India – Bangladesh : Upto 500MW exchange through 400kV D/c line and HVDC B/b Station On-going : India – Bhutan : 400kV inter-connection and Alipurduar HVDC station (3000MW) for Punatsangchu(1200 MW) project. India – Nepal : 400kV Muzaffarpur(India) - Dhalkebar(Nepal) inter-connection Future : India – Bhutan - Masterplan made for evacuation of about 11,500 MW (from 14 HEP) by 2020 and 26,500 MW (from 75 HEPs) by 2030. India – Nepal : High capacity transmission interconnection is being planned for evacuation from future about 20,000MW hydel projects in Nepal. India – Sri Lanka :Feasibility Study carried out for +400kV, 1000MW HVDC bipole 5 interconnection between India(Madurai) and Sri Lanka (Anuradhapura). Future Scenario Uneven Energy Resources Energy resources (coal, Hydro etc.) Expected Generating Stations - 2025 Expected Installed Capacity (2025) : 6,00,000MW Jammu Ludhiana SIKKIM Delhi NEPAL BHUTAN Partabpur Guwahati Jaipur Lucknow Sasan DESH Gandhinagar AN ER Vindhyachal Kolkata Indore Pipavav Koderma BANGLA MY Patna M udra NER CHICKEN NECK Bhopal Raipur Talcher/Ib Valley Lara Darlipali Bhubaneswar Tarapur M um bai Vizag Girye Hyderabad M angalore Sim hadri SR Tadri Kaiga LEGEND Krishnapatnam Bangalore Ennore Chennai South Madras Kozhikode Cuddalore Kayam kulam Thiruvananthapuram Hydro – In North Eastern & Northern Himalayan region Korba Akaltara WR AR RAPP MM NR Coal – In Central India ‾ Chhattisgarh : 58000 MW ‾ Orissa : 30000 MW ‾ Jharkhand : 15000 MW ‾ Madhya Pradesh:16000 MW Coal Based generation Hydro Based Generation Coastal Generation Nuclear generation Ultra-M ega Generation Load Centre Based Generation Load-Centre Kudankulam Coastal based ‾ Andhra Pradesh: 24000 MW ‾ Tamil Nadu : 10000 MW ‾ Gujarat : 11000 MW Technology Being Adopted High Voltage line EHVAC : 400kV 765kV 1200kV HVDC : 500kV 800kV Increase the capacity of existing trans. corridor through reconductoring with HTLS /Upgradation Dynamic compensation viz. Series capacitors, SVC, FACTS to maximize utilization of Transmission capacity Optimization of Tower design – tall tower, multi-ckt. tower GIS substation Expansion Programme for next 5-6 years Transmission Line : 1,09,440 ckm • 765kV • 400kV • 220kV • HVDC – 27000 ckm – 38000 ckm – 35000 ckm - 9440 ckm Substations : about 2,83,000 MVA • 765kV – 1,49,000 MVA • 400kV – 45,000 MVA • 220kV/132kV – 76,000 MVA • HVDC - 13,000 MVA Dynamic Compensation at 16 locations at 400kV level National Grid Capacity (end of 12th Plan)- 65,000 MW Few Major Transmission Projects • Creation of 11 High Capacity Trans. Corridors for 55 IPPs (55,000 MW) – about Rs. 65,000 Cr .(US $ 118Bn) • Trans. System for 6 UMPPs (24000MW) – Rs. 29,000 Cr. (US $ 53Bn) • Transmission system for DVC generation projects (5000MW) – Rs. 11,000 Cr. (US $ 20Bn) • Transmission system for Evacuation of power from NER & Bhutan – Rs. 11,000 Cr. (US $ 20Bn) Renewable Potential Huge Renewable Potential in the Country Researcher Claim more than 1000 GW Wind Generation Potential 12th Plan envisaged Wind Capacity :20 GW (As per data during GEC Study) Solar Potential in India : about 20-30 MW/sq km, about 5000 trillion units annually 12th Plan envisaged Solar Capacity :10 GW (As per data during GEC Study) Ultra Mega Solar Projects at Sambhar(Raj), Kharaghoda(Guj), Leh/Kargil(J&K) Untapped solar potential in deserts of Thar, Rann of Kutch, Lauhal & Spiti valley and Ladakh Utilizing only 10-20% of total waste land area in deserts, solar generation potential in range of 300-400 GW Grid Integration of Renewable Energy- Key Challenges • Intermittency & Variability impacting Grid Stability • Implementation of Transmission network matching with the RE generation • Technical Issues like Reactive Power management etc., Real time Grid Operation etc. • Economic Viability of the transmission system due to low Capacity Utilization Factor (20-30%) 12 Grid Integration of Renewable Energy- Mitigating Measures • Strong Grid interconnections to enlarge balancing areas • Forecasting of Renewable generation on different time scale • Energy Storage: Large Scale (like Pumped Hydro) for balance of power, fast acting storage for stability • Load management & Demand Response • Dynamic Reactive Compensation (SVC/STATCOM) at strategic locations • Wide Area Monitoring System (WAMS) establishing Smart Grid • Establishment of Renewable Energy Management Centers (REMC) integrated with SCADA/control centers 13 Green Energy Corridors-12th Plan • “Green Energy Corridors” - Comprehensive plan on renewable integration in 12th Plan ( 33,000 MW envisaged RE capacity) • Inter State Transmission System Transmission Line - 765kV - 400kV : 3,400 ckm : 2,780 ckm : 620 ckm Substations - 765kV -400kV : 18,000 MVA (6 nos.) : 15,000 MVA (5 nos.) : 3,000 MVA (1 no.) Estimated Investment : Rs. 9,081 Cr • Intra State Transmission System Transmission Line - 765kV - 400kV - 220kV/132kV : 15,000 ckm : 300 ckm : 5500 ckm : 9200 ckm Substations - 400kV - 220kV/132kV : 15,500 MVA (32 nos.) : 11,000 MVA (12 nos.) : 4,500 MVA (20 nos.) Estimated Investment : Rs. 13,624 Cr Green Energy Corridors-12th plan Additional Investment requirements : Control infrastructure Rs. 3911 Cr : Rs. 3,677 Cr. : Rs. 234 Cr. (Dynamic Compensation- Rs 1204 Cr, Real time measurement- Rs 473 Cr, Energy Storage –Rs 2000 Cr) Setting up of REMC (REMC: Renewable Energy Management Center) Way Forward – Forecasting of Renewable Generation- Hardware & Software – Grid Scale Energy Storage & its Management System – Renewable Energy Control Center – Market & tariff design for flexible generation /load 16 Thank You Wind Power Generation Pattern in TN/Raj Tamil Nadu Variability in range of : 1500 -1800 MW in a single day Rajasthan Variability in range of : 700 -800 MW in a single day *2011 18 Typical Solar Power Generation Pattern in Gujarat Typical Solar Generation pattern Lot of Variability on account of Cloud Solar Generation Dropping Zero in Cloud/Rain event19 STF-SG
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