The Crowded Universe: The Search for Living Planets The

The Crowded Universe:
The Search for Living Planets
Alan Boss
The Formation
of
DTM, Carnegie Institution
Planetary Systems
Heretic’s Approach to
Solar System
FormationFForm
Lunch and Learn Talks
Carnegie Institution
P Street, Washington D.C.
October 8, 2014
Doppler shift in radial velocity
Mayor & Queloz (1995)
1
M dwarf habitable exoplanets: Gliese 581g (Vogt, Butler, et al. 2010)
Planet Finding Spectrograph | 6.5-m Magellan II Clay telescope (2010)
ß
Discovery space circa 2010 – mostly Doppler exoplanets
Planetary transits
HD 209458b
Charbonneau et al. (2000)
Robotic transit survey telescopes at Las Campanas
ß1-m Swope
2
Venus transiting the Sun on June 8, 2004 (Robert Traube image)
1.5-m primary, launched: March 6, 2009
Candidates as of June 2010
Q0-Q1: May-June 2009
Size Relative to Earth
Jun 2010
16
Orbital Period in days
Candidates as of Feb 2011
Candidates as of Dec 2011
Q0-Q5: May 2009 - Jun 2010
Q0-Q6: May 2009 - Sep 2010
Feb 2011
Jun 2010
Feb 2011
Dec 2011
Size Relative to Earth
Size Relative to Earth
Jun 2010
Orbital Period in days
Orbital Period in days
3
Kepler’s Planet Candidates
22 Months: May 2009 - Mar 2011
Radius Relative to Earth
2010,2011
2012
2013
20
Jupiter
10
4
Neptune
1
Earth
1
4
10
50
100 200 400
Orbital Period in days
Chris Burke:
216.02
(first 3 years of data)
3602
3602
Gravitational microlensing
HZ: 1/3?
Cassan et al. (2012)
0.5 AU to 10 AU:
17% - 0.3 to 10 MJup
52% - 10 to 30 MEarth
62% - 5 to 10 MEarth
First microlensing exoplanet detection:
Warsaw 1.3-m telescope, Las Campanas - 2004
red dwarf K,M stars
4
Astrometry
Carnegie Astrometric Planet Search Camera (CAPSCam)
du Pont 2.5-m at Las Campanas: M, L, T dwarf target stars
Ongoing CAPSCam targets: L5 brown dwarf at 12 pc
Ongoing CAPSCam targets: L5 brown dwarf at 12 pc
best fit phased orbit: 10 epochs
periodogram
tenth epoch ->
<- peak power at 789 days
best fit phased orbit: 10 epochs
CAPSCam: Hawaii-2RG HyViSI 2048 x 2048 hybrid array (Si PIN photodiodes)
with user-defined Guide Window for rapid read-out, optimized for red dwarf target
stars, yielding ~ 70% quantum efficiency in the pass band of 810 nm to 910 nm, in
operation on the du Pont since 2007 with ~ 30 nights per year for ~ 100 target stars
R.A. (mas) vs. orbital phase
peak power at 789 days
power vs. orbital period in days
For M1 ~ 50 MJup, M2 ~ 3 MJup with false alarm probability ~ 3% For M1 ~ 50 MJup, M2 ~ 3 MJup with false alarm probability ~ 3% A5 star, 1.5 MSun
Marois et al. (2008, 2010): four exoplanets
M > 5-7 Mjup & distances of 14, 24, 38, 68 AU
5
GMT – third 8.4-m mirror in oven – August 2013
NASA’s 2.4-m NRO telescope
6
7

Download Report