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Heavy Oil in Colombia
An integrated Approach, From the
reservoir to the final consumer
Agenda
• Overview of unconventional heavy oil resources,
trends and market
• Integrated HO and EHO production approach.
• HO and EHO production in Colombia.
• Challenges for Production HO and EHO in
Colombia.
2
Heavy Oil ?, Extra Heavy Oil? Oil Sands, Tar sands? Bitumen ?
•
Confuse definition Of terms :
> Heavy Oil, Extra Heavy Oil, Oil Shale, Tar Sands, Bitumen ..
> A simple classification Is required.
•
Clasification based mainly in bottom hole Viscosity
Heavy Oil Classification based on Reservoir Viscosity
Chichimene
Castilla, Rubiales, Quifa,
Simple Heavy Oil Classification
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Global Hydrocarbon Resources
•
Reserves of Heavy and Extra heavy from “unconventional oil resources” are
potentially as large as those of “conventional oil”
GLOBAL RESOURCES
BASED ON CURRENT TECHNOLOGIES
According to the IEA / USGS global
hydrocarbon reserves comprise:
•
•
7 to 8 trillion bbl of conventional
oil, of which 3 trillion is estimated
to be technically ultimately
recoverable .
Almost
7
trillion
bbl
of
unconventional oil (Api below 20,
tar sands, bitumen, oil shales), of
which 1 – 3 trillion is estimated to
be
technically
ultimately
recoverable.
RECOVERABLE
HEAVY OIL
RESOURCES;
434
CONVENTIONAL
OIL RESERVES;
952
RECOVERABLE
NATURAL
BITUMEN
RESOURCES ;
651
Billions of barrels
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SOURCE : IEA / USGS
Biggest deposits of Heavy and Extra heavy Oil
•
Three areas has the biggest deposits of heavy and extra heavy oil in the world.
Venezuela, Canada and Russia.
GLOBAL RESOURCES
• The largest Heavy oil reserves are located in Venezuela
(Orinoco Tar Belt), Canada (Athabasca Tar sands in Alberta),
Russia (Olenik oil sands in Siberia)
• Russian reserves are so far so are difficult to produce with
current technologies.
GEOGRAPHIC HEAVY OIL DISTRIBUTION
• Technical Recoverable Heavy Oil
Region , Billion of Barrels
(less than 22 API) by
• * It seems that tars sands are assumed as heavy oil.
• ** Excludes 242 Billion of barrels of tar sands in Siberia from
small fields or apart zones
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SOURCE : IEA / USGS
Global Crude Oil Projected Demand and Production
• Almost 20% of the projected global demand of crude oil will be supplied by HO
and EH crude oil ( Below 20 API)
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SOURCE : IEA / IHS
Latinamerica Share on HO and EHO Global Market
RECOVERABLE RESERVES ( Billion of Barrels)
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SOURCE : IHS/CERA
Latinamerica Share on HO and EHO Global Market
ORINOCO BELT CURRENT PRODUCTION 600 MBD
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SOURCE : PDVSA
Latinamerica HO and EHO Production
PROJECTED HEAVY OIL PRODUCTION
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SOURCE : IEA / IHS
Agenda
• Overview of unconventional heavy oil resources,
trends and market
• Integrated HO and EHO production approach.
• HO and EHO production in Colombia.
• Challenges for Production HO and EHO in Colombia.
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Integrated Heavy Oil Operations
INTEGRATED VALUE CHAIN PRODUCTION FOR HO AND EHO
Synthetic Crude oil
Upgrader
Diluent Closed Loop
Diluent
Heavy Oil Production
Diluted Crude Oil
Piping & Transportation
HO and EHO must be diluted or upgraded for transporting and processing in Conventional
refineries.
Integrated Heavy Oil Operations Technologies
INTEGRATED VALUE CHAIN PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES FOR HO AND EHO
SOURCE : ARTHUR D LITTLE
Integrated Heavy Oil Operations Technologies
COLD EXTRACTION TECHNOLOGIES
CYCLIC/ CONTINUOS STEAM
STIMULATION
MINING
COLD PRODUCTION &
CHOPS
THERMAL EXTRACTION TECHNOLOGIES
VAPEX
INSITU COMBUSTION
SAGD
HYBRID STEAM SOLVENT
E&P TECHNOLOGIES AVAILABLE FOR PRODUCTION OF HO AND EOH RESERVOIRS, THEIR APPLICATION IS BASED ON RESERVOIR
CHARACTERISTICS AND DEPTH
Integrated HO and EHO Operations
PILOTS
COMMERCIAL
RESERVOIR EXTRACTION TECHNOLOGIES
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SOURCE : IHS
Integrated Heavy Oil Operations Technologies
TRANSPORT TECHNOLOGIES
• TRANSPORT TECHNOLOGIES ARE FOCUSED ON VISCOSITY REDUCTION, AND FRICTION LOWERING.
• OIL IN WATER EMULSION ( 70% OIL AND 30% WATER) HAS BEEN PROVEN WITH MODERATED SUCCESS IN VENEZUELA AND
COLOMBIA .
• ANULAR FLOW IS STILL A TECHNOLOGY IN DEVELOPMENT, ONLY PILOT TEST HAVE BEEN RUN.
Integrated Heavy Oil Operations Technologies
UPGRADING TECHNOLOGIES
SOURCE : ARTHUR D LITTLE
Integrated Heavy Oil Operations Technologies
UPGRADING TECHNOLOGIES COKING VS HYDROPROCESSING
SOURCE : ARTHUR D LITTLE
COKING UPGRADING TECHNOLOGIES ARE PREFERRED OVER HYDROPROCESSING TECHNOLOGIES EVEN THAT THE HIGH COKE
PRODUCTION IS A RELEVANT ISSUE.
Agenda
• Overview of unconventional heavy oil resources,
trends and market
• Integrated HO and EHO production approach.
• HO and EHO production in Colombia.
• Challenges for Production HO and EHO in Colombia.
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HO and EOH Production In Colombia
AREAS OF HO AND EHA PRODUCTION IN COLOMBIA
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Colombia Heavy and Extra heavy oil Production
ECOPETROL OIL PRODUCTION
2013
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Colombia Heavy and Extra heavy oil Production
ECOPETROL OIL PRODUCTION INICIATIVES
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Colombia Heavy and Extra Heavy Oil Midstream
CAPACITY OF COLOMBIAN PIPELINES
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Colombia Heavy and Extra Heavy Oil Midstream
PLANNED PIPPING VOLUMES
Diluent
2014
2015
25
80 KBPD
100 KBPD
Colombia Heavy and Extra Heavy Oil
COLOMBIA REFINNING CAPACITIES
Agenda
• Overview of unconventional heavy oil resources,
trends and market
• Integrated HO and EHO production approach.
• HO and EHO production in Colombia.
• Challenges for Production HO and EHO in
Colombia.
27
HO and EOH Challenges in Colombia
WATER HANDLING IN STRONG WATER DRIVE ACQUIFERS RESERVOIRS
SOURCE : ECP POLAR PLAN 2012
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HO and EOH Challenges in Colombia
IMPLEMENTATION EOR FOR HO AND EHO ASSETS
INSITU COMBUSTION
CSS CYCLIC STEAM
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HO and EOH Challenges in Colombia
IMPLEMENTATION EOR FOR HO AND EHO ASSETS
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HO and EOH Challenges in Colombia
ENERGY
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HO and EOH Challenges in Colombia
INFRAESTRUCTURE EXPANSION
Castilla,
Chichimene
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HO and EOH Challenges in Colombia
PIPPING INFRAESTRUCTURE KEY PROJECTS
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HO and EOH Challenges in Colombia
REFINING INFRAESTRUCTURE KEY PROJECTS
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Final Remarks and Conclusions
• HO and EHO requieres an integrated approach for production,
transportation, upgrading and Refinning or Sale.
• Environmental Issues (GHG and Legal regulations) among
technical difficulties, are additional challenges for the
development of HO an EHO projects.
• Conventional parameters to measure the Production Opex must
involve Diluent and/or upgrading costs.
• HO and EHO projects area very sensitivy to the Oil price. The
break even price for this projects ranges between 30 to 50
US/BBL (including all the Value Chain).
• R&D and Skilled personnel is required to ensure the succesfull
implementation of HO projects.
35
THANK YOU
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reproducida o utilizada en ninguna forma o por ningún medio sin permiso explícito de Ecopetrol S.A.

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