SO2/SO3

(M.Sc)
:
SO2/SO3
:
.............................................................
SO2
SO3
SO2
WSA
......................
...............................................................
SOx
..........................................................................................
...................
FGD
FGD
FGD
FGD
Dowa
(MMSBCS)
FGD
FGD
LSD
(CFBA)
FGD
FSI
D SI
Ca(OH)2
(PPSB)
SO2 NOX
(SNRB) SOX NOX ROX BOX
FGD
MgO
gO M
SO2
SO2
CaO
/SiO2 V2O
- Cs2SO4 / SiO2 V2O
SOX
NOX
SOX NOX
Mg-Al-Fe
SOX
N-doped (AC)
SO2
SO2
HCl
NO SO2
N-doped (AC)
SO2
SOX NOX
..................................................................................... HYSYS
HYSYS v3.1
HYSYS
HYSYS v3.1
HYSYS v3.1
(Plant A PlantB
............................................................................................................ COMFAR
(PBP)
(NPV)
(IRR)
...........................................................................................................
SO2
WHO
V2O5
SDAP
ppm SO2
Ca(OH)2
ZnO/TiO2 TiO2
(AC supported)
V2O5 Fe2O3 , CuO
SO2
SO2
CuO
I
A
B
A
B
A
A
B
B
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
A
B
SOX
B
COMFAR
A
Excel
V2O5
SO2
H2SO4
SO2
SO2
SO3 SO2
SO2
SO2
SO2
WSA
SO2
V2O5
V2O5
V2O5
SO2
O2
SO2
SO2
SO2
SO2
SO2
SDAP
SO2
SO2
SO2
SO2
SO2
pH
SO2
SO2
SO2
SO2
SO2
(wt.ratio 5/5), Ca(OH)2
(PPSB)
mol/l-1
V2O5/SiO2
HCI
NO SO2
SO2
SO2
HCl
HYSYS v3.1
HYSYS v3.1
HYSYS v3.1
COMFAR
COMFAR
Plant A
Plant B
SO2
SO3
SO2
V2O5
FGD
FGD
FGD
Plant A
HYSYS v3.1
Plant B
Plant A B
SOX
COMFAR
B
A
B
A
NPV
A
A
B
A
Technical and Economical Feasibility Study of SO3/SO2 Elimination from Acid Sulphoric
Plants in a Petrochemical Industry and Converting it to Ammonium Sulphate
By: Shabnam Shafizadeh
Abstract
Sulphur oxides (SOx), mainly emitted from sulphuric acid plant, is a major air pollutant. The
investigated sulfuric acid production plants in this study emit 110.67 tones of SO 3 and SO2
daily. This amount of pollutants is much higher than the standard sulfur oxides in the
atmosphere. In addition to the environmental damages of mentioned pollutants, there is a waste
of 110.67 tones of sulfur oxides through the chimneys of the plants In project two mainly
option of control technologies sulphur oxides such as flue gas desulfurization (FGD) processes
and also reduction of emissions sulphur oxides are studied. In order to controlling processes in
sulphuric acid plant to reduction of emission of sulphur dioxides, optimizations sulphur
combustion furnace, manufacture of sulphuric acid by double contact process, use of
replacement catalysts and in end optimization of the performance of an catalytic reactor for
oxidation of SO2 to SO3 is studied. In the present study various methods of controlling of sulfur
oxides emission from sulfuric acid production plants chimneys have been investigated.
Considering their advantages and disadvantages, function conditions and the amount of
elimination of sulfur oxides, various catalytic methods of elimination of sulfur oxides and FGD
methods have been investigated. Flue gas desulphurization (FGD) processes received more
attention because of using dry washing and producing recyclable products which can be utilized
for production of useful products to compensate for some part of the investments costs. Among
these methods two of them were chosen for the this study. The first method was desulfurization
by ammoniac and the second one was a combination of the first method and dry scrubbing
process with calcium hydroxide as the absorbent material. Simulation of the systems was
carried out through HYSYS v3.1 software. Considering the simulation results, 110 tones of
sulfur oxides production were eliminated daily in the first method. Moreover, 89.66 tones of
ammonium sulfate and ammonium sulfite was produced which are useful products. Second method
has two stages: at the first stage 95.64 tones of calcium sulfite were produced and in the second
stage 7.755 tones of ammonium sulfate and ammonium sulfite were produced which are all among
the useful products which can be sold or consumed in the same plant. Moreover, 110 tones of sulfur
oxides were eliminated in the second method. As the technical functions of both of methods in
elimination of sulfur oxides were nearly the same, they were compared to each other from the
economic point of view. As elimination of sulfur oxides was nearly the same (110 tones daily) in
both methods, the external costs of production reduction of SOX as a pollutant substance is the
same, too. Therefore, economic index of these two methods were calculated through COMFAR
software with two presuppositions i.e. considering the external costs and not considering the
external costs. The results of investigation on the first presupposition revealed that the total constant
investment was 1475985 euro which is less than the second method (1897299 euro) and the
required increase in net working capital in the first method was 253650 euro which is less than the
second method (4177372 euro). The internal rate of return in the first method was about 46% which
is more than the second method (18%). Moreover, the payback period in the first method was 3.2
year which is less than the second method (5.9 year). Net present value (NPV) as a major criterion
in economics was calculated, too. In the first method NVP was more (2142920 euro) than the
second method (67591 euro) which is a sign of an appropriate flow of cash in the first method. In
case of implementation of the second presupposition, there would be 39270803 euro save as the
result of reduction of external costs. Consequently, the first method has economic priority over the
second method for desulfurization of sulfuric acid production plants.
AZAD UNIVERSITY
Science and Research Branch
M.Sc Thesis on Environmental Engineering (Air pollution)
Technical and Economical Feasibility Study of SO3/SO2 Elimination from Acid Sulphoric
Plants in a Petrochemical Industry and Converting it to Ammonium Sulphate
Advisor:
Dr. Abtin Ataie
Dr. Zahra Abedi
Supervisor:
Dr. Farideh Atabi
Prepared By:
Shabnam Shafizadeh
Winter 1386

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